CN116441527B - 一种抗高温氧化的复合高熵合金粉及其应用 - Google Patents
一种抗高温氧化的复合高熵合金粉及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种抗高温氧化的复合高熵合金粉及其应用,所述复合高熵合金粉是将99~99.9wt.%的AlCoCrFeNi高熵合金粉和0.1~1.0wt.%的钛粉通过球磨技术融合,使钛粉充分固溶进入AlCoCrFeNi高熵合金粉形成AlCoCrFeNi+Ti复合高熵合金粉;然后将复合高熵合金粉通过放电等离子体烧结技术烧结在Q235钢块体表面形成防高温氧化涂层。本发明采用放电等离子体烧结技术将AlCoCrFeNi+Ti复合高熵合金粉烧结在离心风机叶轮表面形成一层抗高温氧化的涂层,可在短时间形成抗高温养护的涂层,使钛元素来不及偏析,在冷却的过程中被禁锢在AlCoCrFeNi的晶体内,在含氧高温环境下,Ti替代合金中的Al和Gr与O发生反应,在基体表面生成致密的钝化层。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于抗高温氧化涂层技术领域,具体涉及一种抗高温氧化的复合金属粉及其应用,具体应用在离心风机的叶轮基体表面。
背景技术
离心风机叶轮在高温环境下长时间连续服役时,在空气中水蒸气的作用下,表面将遭受严重氧化,因离心风机服役气氛通常会包含HCl、NO3等气体,因此形成在酸雾环境,长期在酸雾冲蚀下离心风机叶轮表面的氧化层会迅速脱落,使得芯部基地材质暴露,经久累月,最终致使叶轮边缘尺寸不足而导致失效。
在离心风机叶轮表面制备涂层是一种成本低廉且效果显著的防护措施,然而,目前常规采用的涂刷有机涂料的方法有许多不足,例如,涂料与基底材料的结合力低、有机涂料不耐高温等。鉴于导致离心风机叶轮失效的首要问题是高温氧化,因此,急需一种适用于离心风机叶轮表面抗高温氧化的涂层。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种抗高温氧化的复合金属粉,该复合高熵合金粉可通过放电等离子体烧结技术烧结在离心风机叶轮表面形成一层抗高温氧化的涂层。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种抗高温氧化的复合高熵合金粉,包括AlCoCrFeNi高熵合金粉和钛粉,所述AlCoCrFeNi高熵合金粉的粒度为15~45μm,且成份占比为19%的Al、20%的Fe、21%的Co、21.5%的Cr和18.5%的Ni;所述钛粉的粒度为200~1000nm,且纯度大于99.95%;
将99~99.9wt.%的AlCoCrFeNi高熵合金粉和0.1~1.0wt.%的钛粉通过球磨技术融合,使钛粉充分固溶进入AlCoCrFeNi高熵合金粉形成AlCoCrFeNi+Ti复合高熵合金粉;其中,球磨转速为350~500rpm,球磨时间为30~60h,球磨过程冲入氩气保护气氛。
防高温氧化原理:钛粉在AlCoCrFeNi高熵合金中作为反应原子,在含氧高温环境下,首先能够从AlCoCrFeNi晶体内向晶界偏析,然后沿晶界向涂层表面进行扩散迁移,并替代合金中的铝和铬与氧气发生反应,在基体表面生成致密的钝化层,从而形成对基体的抗高温氧化保护。
本发明还提供了一种离心风机叶轮基体表面防高温氧化涂层,包括所述的AlCoCrFeNi+Ti复合高熵合金粉通过放电等离子体烧结技术烧结在Q235钢块体表面形成防高温氧化涂层。
本发明采用放电等离子体烧结技术将AlCoCrFeNi+Ti复合高熵合金粉烧结在离心风机叶轮表面形成一层抗高温氧化的涂层,可在短时间形成抗高温养护的涂层,使钛元素来不及偏析,在冷却的过程中被禁锢在AlCoCrFeNi的晶体内,在含氧高温环境下,Ti替代合金中的Al和Gr与O发生反应,在基体表面生成致密的钝化层。
进一步地,所述防高温氧化涂层制备通过如下步骤:
(1)将Q235钢块体表面打磨和清洗处理,放入石墨模具中;
(2)将AlCoCrFeNi+Ti复合高熵合金粉均匀撒在Q235钢块体表面,AlCoCrFeNi+Ti复合高熵合金粉的厚度为0.5~2mm;
(3)设置放电等离子体烧结的参数,烧结压力为40~80MPa,烧结温度为900~1300℃,保温时长为3~10min,随炉冷却。
本发明采用球磨技术将少量的Ti元素充分固溶AlFeCoNiCr合金粉末中,然后烧结成形;Ti元素的含量极为考究,只有微量的Ti掺杂才能形成有效的反应原子效应,过量Ti掺杂会导致过于的Ti占据AlFeCoNiCr合金晶界,在高温环境下,无法形成有效的Ti迁移通路,Ti在晶界的过饱和将抑制Ti的扩散迁移。
附图说明
图1为本发明AlCoCrFeNi-Ti涂层的氧化性能曲线图。
图2为本发明AlCoCrFeNi-Ti涂层的结合强度示意图。
图3为本发明AlCoCrFeNi-Ti涂层抗高温氧化性能的微观示意图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
本实施例提供的一种抗高温氧化的复合高熵合金粉,包括AlCoCrFeNi高熵合金粉和钛粉,所述AlCoCrFeNi高熵合金粉的粒度为15~45μm,且成份占比为19%的Al、20%的Fe、21%的Co、21.5%的Cr和18.5%的Ni;所述钛粉的粒度为200~1000nm,且纯度大于99.95%;
将99~99.9wt.%的AlCoCrFeNi高熵合金粉和0.1~1.0wt.%的钛粉通过球磨技术融合,使钛粉充分固溶进入AlCoCrFeNi高熵合金粉形成AlCoCrFeNi+Ti复合高熵合金粉;其中,球磨转速为350~500rpm,球磨时间为30~60h,球磨过程冲入氩气保护气氛。
实施例2
本实施例提供了一种离心风机叶轮基体表面防高温氧化涂层,包括如下步骤:
(1)选取制备离心风机叶轮的刚体材料,具体为Q235钢块,采用1200目以上的砂纸对Q235钢块体表面打磨,使Q235钢块体表面具有一定的粗糙度,便于结合涂层,然后采用超声波清洗,去除Q235钢块体表面的灰尘和油渍;将打磨和清洗后的Q235钢块体放入烧结炉的石墨模具中。
(2)将AlCoCrFeNi+Ti复合高熵合金粉均匀撒在Q235钢块体表面,AlCoCrFeNi+Ti复合高熵合金粉的厚度为0.5~2mm;AlCoCrFeNi+Ti复合高熵合金粉采用是实施例1方法及比例制备而成。
(3)设置放电等离子体烧结的参数,烧结压力为40~80MPa,烧结温度为900~1300℃,保温时长为3~10min,随炉冷却。
通过等温氧化试验,对钛粉百分含量分别为0wt.%、0.2wt.%、0.4wt.%、0.6wt.%、0.8wt.%制备涂层,对各个涂层进行高温氧化性能评价,在800℃、60h氧化处理绘制氧化动力学曲线,如图1所示,随着氧化时间的增加,涂层的氧化增重呈现抛物线增加,且在10h达到最高,后因氧化膜的形成而明显减慢;AlCoCrFeNi+0.2Ti的抗氧化性能最好,表明少量钛掺杂的积极作用,进一步添加钛会降低抗氧化性能。根据图1b中计算的斜率,AlCoCrFeNi+0.2Ti涂层表面上形成的致密氧化膜防止氧化物扩散到更深的区域,并确保良好的高温抗氧化性。
通过拔出试验评价涂层的附着力,测试3次,结合强度如图2所示,钛元素的掺杂明显提高的涂层的附着力。
以0.2wt.%钛粉制备的涂层的氧化性能微观结构图,如图3所示,在800℃氧化处理15h,活性元素Ti的分离导致TiO2沿着涂层的晶界发生内部氧化和沉淀,由于TiO2的空位缺陷浓度和氧的扩散率都非常高,因此形成了氧的扩散路径。图3中(a)显示扩散路径的低放大TEM图像,顶面面向磅秤气体界面。(a)中突出显示的(b)和(c)矩形区域的高分辨率TEM图像,(c)和(e)分别对应(b)和(d)中区域的相应FFT和SAED图案。
以上所述仅是本发明优选的实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何基于本发明所提供的技术方案和发明构思进行的改造和替换都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (3)
1.一种抗高温氧化的复合高熵合金粉,其特征在于:包括AlCoCrFeNi高熵合金粉和钛粉,所述AlCoCrFeNi高熵合金粉的粒度为15~45μm,且成份占比为19%的Al、20%的Fe、21%的Co、21.5%的Cr和18.5%的Ni;所述钛粉的粒度为200~1000nm,且纯度大于99.95%;
将99~99.9wt.%的AlCoCrFeNi高熵合金粉和0.1~1.0wt.%的钛粉通过球磨技术融合,使钛粉充分固溶进入AlCoCrFeNi高熵合金粉形成AlCoCrFeNi+Ti复合高熵合金粉;其中,球磨转速为350~500rpm,球磨时间为30~60h,球磨过程充入氩气保护气氛。
2.一种离心风机叶轮基体表面防高温氧化涂层,其特征在于:包括将权利要求1所述的AlCoCrFeNi+Ti复合高熵合金粉通过放电等离子体烧结技术烧结在Q235钢块体表面形成防高温氧化涂层。
3.根据权利要求2所述一种离心风机叶轮基体表面防高温氧化涂层,其特征在于:所述防高温氧化涂层通过如下步骤制备:
(1)将Q235钢块体表面打磨和清洗处理,放入石墨模具中;
(2)将AlCoCrFeNi+Ti复合高熵合金粉均匀撒在Q235钢块体表面,AlCoCrFeNi+Ti复合高熵合金粉的厚度为0.5~2mm;
(3)设置放电等离子体烧结的参数,烧结压力为40~80MPa,烧结温度为900~1300℃,保温时长为3~10min,随炉冷却。
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