CN116426833A - High-plasticity high-purity single-phase austenitic stainless steel and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-plasticity high-purity single-phase austenitic stainless steel and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- VVTSZOCINPYFDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O].[Ar] Chemical compound [O].[Ar] VVTSZOCINPYFDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910008455 Si—Ca Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010436 fluorite Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001309 Ferromolybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- SJKRCWUQJZIWQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;chromium Chemical compound N.[Cr] SJKRCWUQJZIWQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 lanthanum-cerium rare earth Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000399 optical microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/002—Hybrid process, e.g. forging following casting
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- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
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- C21C7/076—Use of slags or fluxes as treating agents
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- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
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- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
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Abstract
The invention discloses high-plasticity high-purity single-phase austenitic stainless steel and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of special stainless steel preparation. Wherein the nonmetallic inclusion: class A is 0 level, class B is 0 level, class C is less than 0 level, class D is 1.0 level, DS is less than 0 level, the sum of the five types is 1.0 level, and the sum of A, B, C, D four types is 0 level. The austenitic stainless steel prepared by the invention has excellent plasticity, heat resistance and hot workability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of special stainless steel preparation, in particular to high-plastic high-purity single-phase austenitic stainless steel and a preparation method thereof.
Background
An austenitic single-phase stainless steel is a stainless steel having an austenitic structure that is stable at room temperature. The austenitic single-phase stainless steel has excellent plasticity and is widely applied to the special fields of aerospace, nuclear industry, weaponry and the like. Along with the development of science and technology, the special field has higher and higher requirements on alloy quality, and new technology, new process and new equipment are adopted around improving the quality and performance of special austenitic stainless steel, so that the cleanliness degree, uniformity degree, grain refinement degree, size and the like of the material are greatly improved.
The impurity content of the material prepared by the prior austenitic stainless steel material preparation method is high, so that the purity of the austenitic stainless steel is not high enough. Or other phases are formed in the preparation process, so that the plasticity of the austenitic stainless steel can not meet the use requirement of service conditions in the special field.
Therefore, a new process suitable for single-phase austenitic stainless steel is developed to solve the problems of impurity content and formation of new phases of austenitic stainless steel, and the austenitic stainless steel has excellent plasticity, so that the problem of high-purity austenitic stainless steel is urgently needed to be solved in the large-scale application of special fields. Numerous attempts have been made to do so by those skilled in the art, such as those disclosed in the patent application publication CN114686781B, for example, to provide an austenitic stainless steel and a method for making and processing the same. According to the invention, pure austenitic stainless steel is obtained through component design and process optimization, the S content and Cu content of the obtained austenitic stainless steel are controlled, the grain size is refined, and the level of four types of inclusions is controlled. However, in the aspect of the processing flow, the yttrium oxide coating is coated on the surface of the intermediate ingot material, and the oxygen element is further introduced to improve the oxygen content in the austenitic stainless steel. A method for preparing pure austenitic stainless steel is proposed in the patent application publication No. CN 111876653B. The invention adds lanthanum-cerium rare earth alloy and metal calcium before tapping and casting, and rare earth metamorphism and inclusion can indeed bring to purifying alloy matrix, forming high-melting point fine particles, refining structure and reducing segregation. The addition of excessive amounts of rare earth alloys can deteriorate the properties of the material. In addition, the price of the rare earth alloy is high, so that the cost is greatly increased in large-scale production.
Austenitic stainless steel refers to stainless steel in which an alloy structure is single-phase austenite at room temperature, and has room temperature properties, corrosion resistance, and plastic formability superior to those of ferrite. Austenite is used as a high-temperature phase, the Austenite is completely stabilized to room temperature, and higher requirements are required for alloy smelting and material processing. The above prior art, although producing pure austenitic stainless steel, introduces rare earth oxides or rare earth elements therein. The incorporation of rare earth oxides can introduce oxygen elements into the steel to increase the oxygen content of austenitic stainless steel, and rare earth alloys can deteriorate and be mixed with purified austenitic stainless steel matrix. However, excessive addition of rare earth alloy deteriorates the structure and comprehensive properties of the material, and the price of the rare earth alloy is high, which increases the cost in production.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides the high-plasticity high-purity single-phase austenitic stainless steel and the preparation method thereof, which can produce the high-plasticity high-purity single-phase austenitic stainless steel, improve the plasticity and corrosion resistance of the steel by grain refinement and segregation reduction, and simultaneously, the obtained steel only contains an austenitic gamma phase and has low impurity content.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides high-plasticity high-purity single-phase austenitic stainless steel, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: mn 1.00-2.00%, ni 11.50-12.50%, cr 17.00-18.00%, mo 2.50-2.70%, N0.05-0.07%, C0.03%, si 0.60%, S0.003%, P0.030%, cu 0.10%, V0.05%, al 0.03%, co 0.06%, sn 0.005%, as 0.01%, B0.0015%, se 0.015%, pb 0.001%, bi 0.00001%, sb 0.002%, zn 0.01%, five elements and 0.015%, H5 ppm, O30 ppm, and Fe the rest.
The preparation method of the high-plastic high-purity single-phase austenitic stainless steel comprises the following steps:
(1) Smelting: taking raw materials of required elements, and carrying out alloy smelting on the raw materials, wherein the smelting sequence is as follows: primary refining of a 20T non-vacuum induction furnace, argon oxygen blowing of stainless steel of an AOD furnace, LF ladle refining and VD furnace refining;
(2) Remelting: carrying out protective atmosphere electroslag remelting;
(3) High temperature diffusion: step-type heating to 1200-1300 ℃ and preserving heat for 80h;
(4) Forging and cogging: forging temperature: 1125±20 ℃, final forging temperature: at 800+/-20 ℃, upsetting and drawing out for two times, and finally throwing out and cleaning, and hot cutting the head and tail of the steel ingot;
(5) Hot forging: firstly, heating to 850+/-20 ℃ and preserving heat for 2 hours, wherein the heating rate is as follows: 70+/-10 ℃/h, then heating to 1180+/-20 ℃ and preserving heat for 3h, wherein the heating rate is as follows: and (3) starting forging after the heat preservation is finished at 140+/-10 ℃/h, drawing and discharging by a press for two times, returning to the furnace and then burning at 1180 ℃ for 40-60 minutes, and taking out of the furnace and then rounding to a ruler.
(6) And (3) heat treatment: furnace charging temperature: 580+ -20deg.C, heating rate: and (3) keeping the temperature at 140+/-10 ℃/h and 930+/-10 ℃ for 100min, then heating to 1050+/-10 ℃ and keeping the temperature for 30min, and finally cooling with water.
Preferably, in the step (1), the 20T non-vacuum induction furnace is primary refined, and the slag weight ratio is CaO: caF (CaF) 2 =1.2:1, tapping conditions: tapping temperature: 1640+/-20 ℃, the ladle baking is good, and the ladle temperature is as follows: 820.+ -. 20 ℃.
Preferably, in the step (1), the stainless steel argon oxygen blowing of the AOD furnace is carried out, wherein the furnace bottom is filled with 800-1000 Kg/furnace of lime during the steel adding treatment, the total CaO adding amount in the blowing period is 2.4-2.6 tons/furnace, the J-Si is 500-700 Kg/furnace, the aluminum ingot is 240-300 Kg/furnace and the fluorite is 200-400 Kg/furnace.
Preferably, in the step (1), the LF ladle refining is carried out, a proper amount of Al wires are fed before entering and exiting the station for deoxidization, a proper amount of Si-Ca powder/Al powder is added in batches for deoxidization during the refining, and the casting temperature is controlled between 1530 ℃ and 1570 ℃.
Preferably, the VD furnace in step (1) is refined for a total evacuation time of 15min, a final vacuum: 123.+ -.10 Pa, ultimate vacuum time: sampling and fully analyzing after breaking the air for 6+/-1 min, measuring the temperature for reference, closing a cover after sampling, adjusting C, N, cr after returning the sample, determining hydrogen to be less than 4PPM, blowing argon clean and uniformly forming the components, tapping at proper temperature, and hanging the ladle at 1530-1550 ℃.
Preferably, 57# or 60# slag+SiO is used as the remelting slag system in the step (2) 2 +MgO。
Preferably, the forging equipment of each of the steps (4) and (5) adopts a 5500T forging press.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the invention adopts the processing technology comprising six steps of smelting, remelting, high-temperature diffusion, forging cogging, hot forging and heat treatment by limiting specific raw material proportion, and the prepared austenitic stainless steel only contains gamma austenitic phase. Wherein the nonmetallic inclusion: class A is 0 level, class B is 0 level, class C is less than 0 level, class D is 1.0 level, DS is less than 0 level, the sum of the five types is 1.0 level, and the sum of A, B, C, D four types is 0 level. Wherein, C is less than or equal to 0.03 percent, S is less than or equal to 0.003 percent, P is less than or equal to 0.030 percent, N is 0.05 to 0.07 percent, the sum of five harmful elements is less than or equal to 0.015 percent, H is less than or equal to 5ppm, and O is less than or equal to 30ppm;
2. the invention eliminates component segregation and makes the tissue uniform by the combination of high temperature diffusion, forging and heat treatment. To achieve single-phase austenitic stainless steel free of composition segregation and homogeneous and pure in structure, high temperature diffusion by up to 80 hours is the most effective method to solve this problem;
3. the austenitic stainless steel has excellent plasticity, heat resistance and hot workability (ductility and impact toughness), does not peel when being forged after being heated for 80 hours at 1200-1300 ℃, has good ductility and plasticity at the temperature range of 800-1200 ℃, and is easy to realize high-precision forging and forming.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an XRD spectrum of austenitic stainless steel obtained in examples 1 to 3;
FIG. 2 is a mirror image of the austenitic stainless steel obtained in examples 1 to 3;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing tensile stress strain curves of examples of austenitic stainless steels obtained in examples 1 to 3.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the particular embodiments described herein are illustrative only and are not intended to limit the invention, i.e., the embodiments described are merely some, but not all, of the embodiments of the invention.
The austenitic stainless steel prepared in the following three examples has the elemental compositions shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 element composition table of each example
The raw materials containing the austenitic stainless steel elements prepared in table 1 are manganese metal, ferrosilicon, high chromium, nickel plate, ferromolybdenum, aluminum ingot, chromium nitride, all commercially available, and component analysis was performed before use.
Example 1
The austenitic stainless steel was prepared by taking the raw materials corresponding to the elemental composition of example 1 in table 1, according to the following steps:
(1) Smelting: and smelting raw materials of required elements by adopting a 20T non-vacuum induction furnace, an AOD furnace stainless steel argon oxygen blowing, an LF ladle refining and a VD furnace refining. Wherein the 20T non-vacuum induction slag ratio is CaO: caF (CaF) 2 =1.2:1 (wt%), tapping condition: the tapping temperature is 1620 ℃, the ladle baking is good, and the ladle temperature is 800 ℃. Wherein, the argon oxygen blowing of the AOD furnace stainless steel is carried out, the furnace bottom bedding stone ash is 800 Kg/furnace during the steel adding treatment, the total CaO adding amount during the blowing period is 2.5 tons/furnace, the J-Si is 650 Kg/furnace, the aluminum ingot is 240 Kg/furnace, and the fluorite is 200 Kg/furnace. Wherein, LF ladle refining is carried out, a proper amount of Al wires are fed before entering and exiting the station for deoxidization, and a proper amount of Si-Ca powder is added in batches and small batches for deoxidization during refining. The casting temperature was controlled at 1530 ℃.
(2) Remelting: and carrying out protective atmosphere electroslag remelting. Slag system using 57# slag+SiO 2 +MgO。
(3) High temperature diffusion: the temperature is raised to 1200 ℃ in a stepwise manner, and the temperature is kept for 80 hours.
(4) Forging and cogging: forging the product obtained in the step (3) by adopting a 5500T forging press, wherein the forging temperature is 1105 ℃, the final forging temperature is 780 ℃, upsetting and drawing are carried out twice, and finally, the product is thrown out and cleaned, and the hot cutting of the steel ingot is carried out.
(5) Hot forging: forging the intermediate blank obtained in the step (4) by using a 5500T forging press, heating to 830 ℃ and preserving heat for 2 hours, wherein the heating rate is 60 ℃/h, then heating to 1160 ℃ and preserving heat for 3 hours, and the heating rate is 130 ℃/h. And after heat preservation, forging is started, and the press is used for drawing and blanking for two passes. Returning to the furnace, and then burning at 1180 ℃ for 40 minutes, and after discharging from the furnace, rounding to a ruler.
(6) And (3) heat treatment: the temperature of the furnace is 560 ℃, the temperature rising rate is 130 ℃/h, the temperature is kept for 100min at 920 ℃, then the temperature is raised to 1040 ℃ and kept for 30min, the cooling mode adopts water cooling, and the obtained austenitic stainless steel is named as 1.
Example 2
The austenitic stainless steel was prepared by taking the raw materials corresponding to the elemental composition of example 2 in table 1, according to the following steps:
(1) Smelting: and smelting raw materials of required elements by adopting a 20T non-vacuum induction furnace, an AOD furnace stainless steel argon oxygen blowing, an LF ladle refining and a VD furnace refining. Wherein the 20T non-vacuum induction slag ratio is CaO: caF (CaF) 2 =1.2:1 (wt%), tapping condition: tapping temperature 1640 ℃, ladle baking is good, and ladle temperature 820 ℃. Wherein, the argon oxygen blowing of the AOD furnace stainless steel is carried out, the furnace bottom bedding stone ash is 900 Kg/furnace when the steel is added, the total CaO addition amount in the blowing period is 2.5 tons/furnace, the J-Si is 600 Kg/furnace, the aluminum ingot is 270 Kg/furnace, and the fluorite is 300 Kg/furnace. Wherein, LF ladle refining is carried out, a proper amount of Al wires are fed before entering and exiting the station for deoxidization, and a proper amount of Si-Ca powder is added in batches and small batches for deoxidization during refining. The casting temperature was controlled at 1550 ℃.
(2) Remelting: and carrying out protective atmosphere electroslag remelting. Slag system using 57# slag+SiO 2 +MgO。
(3) High temperature diffusion: the temperature is raised to 1250 ℃ in a step mode, and the temperature is kept for 80 hours.
(4) Forging and cogging: forging the product obtained in the step (3) by adopting a 5500T forging press, wherein the forging temperature is 1125 ℃, the final forging temperature is 800 ℃, upsetting and drawing are carried out twice, and finally, the product is thrown out and cleaned, and the hot cutting of the steel ingot is carried out to form a head and tail rotted material.
(5) Hot forging: forging the intermediate blank obtained in the step (4) by using a 5500T forging press, wherein the temperature is firstly raised to 850 ℃ and kept for 2 hours, the temperature raising rate is 70 ℃/h, then the temperature is raised to 1180 ℃ and kept for 3 hours, and the temperature raising rate is 140 ℃/h. And after heat preservation, forging is started, and the press is used for drawing and blanking for two passes. Returning to the furnace, and then burning at 1180 ℃ for 50 minutes, and after discharging from the furnace, rounding to a ruler.
(6) And (3) heat treatment: the temperature of charging is 580 ℃, the temperature rising rate is 140 ℃/h, the temperature is kept for 100min at 930 ℃, then the temperature is raised to 1050 ℃ and kept for 30min, the cooling mode adopts water cooling, and the obtained austenitic stainless steel is named as 2.
Example 3
The austenitic stainless steel was prepared by taking the raw materials corresponding to the elemental composition of example 3 in table 1, according to the following steps:
(1) Smelting: and smelting raw materials of required elements by adopting a 20T non-vacuum induction furnace, an AOD furnace stainless steel argon oxygen blowing, an LF ladle refining and a VD furnace refining. Wherein the 20T non-vacuum induction slag ratio is CaO: caF (CaF) 2 =1.2:1 (wt%), tapping condition: the tapping temperature is 1660 ℃, the ladle baking is good, and the ladle temperature is 840 ℃. Wherein, the argon oxygen blowing of the AOD furnace stainless steel, the addition amount of the furnace bottom bedding stone ash is 1000 Kg/furnace during the steel adding treatment, the total CaO addition amount is 2.6 tons/furnace during the blowing period, the addition amount of J-Si is 700 Kg/furnace during the reduction period, the aluminum ingot is 300 Kg/furnace, and the fluorite is 400 Kg/furnace. Wherein, LF ladle refining is carried out, a proper amount of Al wires are fed before entering and exiting the station for deoxidization, and a proper amount of Si-Ca powder is added in batches and small batches for deoxidization during refining. The casting temperature was controlled at 1570 ℃.
(2) Remelting: and carrying out protective atmosphere electroslag remelting. Slag system using 60# slag+SiO 2 +MgO。
(3) High temperature diffusion: the temperature is raised to 1300 ℃ in a stepwise manner, and the temperature is kept for 80 hours.
(4) Forging and cogging: forging the product obtained in the step (3) by adopting a 5500T forging press, wherein the forging temperature is 1145 ℃ and the final forging temperature is 820 ℃, upsetting and drawing are carried out twice, and finally, the product is thrown out and cleaned, and the hot cutting of the steel ingot is carried out to form a head and tail rotted material.
(5) Hot forging: forging the intermediate blank obtained in the step (4) by using a 5500T forging press, heating to 870 ℃ and preserving heat for 2 hours, wherein the heating rate is 80 ℃/h, then heating to 1200 ℃ and preserving heat for 3 hours, and the heating rate is 150 ℃/h. And after heat preservation, forging is started, and the press is used for drawing and blanking for two passes. Returning to the furnace, burning again at 1180 ℃ for 60 minutes, and taking out of the furnace and then rounding to a ruler.
(6) And (3) heat treatment: the temperature of the furnace is 600 ℃, the temperature rising rate is 150 ℃/h, the temperature is preserved for 100min at 940 ℃, then the temperature is raised to 1060 ℃ and preserved for 30min, the cooling mode adopts water cooling, and the obtained austenitic stainless steel is named as 3.
Test example 1
The inclusion content of the stainless steel obtained in examples 1 to 3 was measured by using the latest national standard, and the measurement results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 example inclusion class rating table
Note that: the values in the table are all inclusion grades
Test example 2
The austenitic stainless steels obtained in examples 1, 2 and 3 were characterized for phase and metallographic phase by means of X-ray diffraction and optical microscopy. Fig. 1 is an XRD spectrum of austenitic stainless steel, and fig. 2 is an optical spectrum of austenitic stainless steel. The results show that: the austenitic stainless steels obtained in examples 1, 2 and 3 of the present invention are all single gamma-phase austenitic.
Test example 3
The austenitic stainless steels obtained in examples 1, 2 and 3 were examined for heat resistance, hot workability and plasticity. Fig. 3 is a graph of room temperature tensile stress strain for austenitic stainless steel. The results show that: the austenitic stainless steel does not peel when being forged after being heated to 1220-1260 ℃ and 80 hours, has good plasticity and ductility in a high temperature range of 800-1200 ℃, and is easy to forge and form. The obtained austenitic stainless steel has excellent ductility, impact toughness and plasticity.
The foregoing examples merely represent specific embodiments of the present application, which are described in more detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present application. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the technical solution of the present application, which fall within the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (8)
1. The high-plasticity high-purity single-phase austenitic stainless steel is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: mn 1.00-2.00%, ni 11.50-12.50%, cr 17.00-18.00%, mo 2.50-2.70%, N0.05-0.07%, C0.03%, si 0.60%, S0.003%, P0.030%, cu 0.10%, V0.05%, al 0.03%, co 0.06%, sn 0.005%, as 0.01%, B0.0015%, se 0.015%, pb 0.001%, bi 0.00001%, sb 0.002%, zn 0.01%, five elements and 0.015%, H5 ppm, O30 ppm, and Fe the rest.
2. A method for preparing the high-plastic high-purity single-phase austenitic stainless steel according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) Smelting: taking raw materials of required elements, and carrying out alloy smelting on the raw materials, wherein the smelting sequence is as follows: primary refining of a 20T non-vacuum induction furnace, argon oxygen blowing of stainless steel of an AOD furnace, LF ladle refining and VD furnace refining;
(2) Remelting: carrying out protective atmosphere electroslag remelting;
(3) High temperature diffusion: step-type heating to 1200-1300 ℃ and preserving heat for 80h;
(4) Forging and cogging: forging temperature: 1125±20 ℃, final forging temperature: at 800+/-20 ℃, upsetting and drawing out for two times, and finally throwing out and cleaning, and hot cutting the head and tail of the steel ingot;
(5) Hot forging: firstly, heating to 850+/-20 ℃ and preserving heat for 2 hours, wherein the heating rate is as follows: 70+/-10 ℃/h, then heating to 1180+/-20 ℃ and preserving heat for 3h, wherein the heating rate is as follows: and (3) starting forging after the heat preservation is finished at 140+/-10 ℃/h, drawing and discharging by a press for two times, returning to the furnace and then burning at 1180 ℃ for 40-60 minutes, and taking out of the furnace and then rounding to a ruler.
(6) And (3) heat treatment: furnace charging temperature: 580+ -20deg.C, heating rate: and (3) keeping the temperature at 140+/-10 ℃/h and 930+/-10 ℃ for 100min, then heating to 1050+/-10 ℃ and keeping the temperature for 30min, and finally cooling with water.
3. The method for preparing high-plastic high-purity single-phase austenitic stainless steel according to claim 2, wherein in the step (1), the 20T non-vacuum induction furnace is used for primary refining, and the slag weight ratio is CaO: caF (CaF) 2 =1.2:1, tapping conditions: tapping temperature: 1640+/-20 ℃, the ladle baking is good, and the ladle temperature is as follows: 820.+ -. 20 ℃.
4. The method for preparing high-plastic high-purity single-phase austenitic stainless steel according to claim 2, wherein in the step (1), the argon oxygen blowing of the AOD furnace stainless steel is performed, wherein the lime is filled at the bottom of the furnace by 800-1000 Kg/furnace during steel adding treatment, the total CaO addition amount during blowing is 2.4-2.6 tons/furnace, the J-Si is added during reduction by 500-700 Kg/furnace, the aluminum ingot is 240-300 Kg/furnace, and the fluorite is 200-400 Kg/furnace.
5. The method for preparing high-plasticity high-purity single-phase austenitic stainless steel according to claim 2, wherein in the step (1), the LF ladle is refined, a proper amount of Al wire is fed before entering and exiting a station for deoxidization, a proper amount of Si-Ca powder/Al powder is added in batches for deoxidization during the refining, and the casting temperature is controlled between 1530 ℃ and 1570 ℃.
6. The method for preparing high-plastic high-purity single-phase austenitic stainless steel according to claim 2, wherein the VD furnace is refined in step (1), total evacuation time is 15min, and ultimate vacuum: 123.+ -.10 Pa, ultimate vacuum time: sampling and fully analyzing after breaking the air for 6+/-1 min, measuring the temperature for reference, closing a cover after sampling, adjusting C, N, cr after returning the sample, determining hydrogen to be less than 4PPM, blowing argon clean and uniformly forming the components, tapping at proper temperature, and hanging the ladle at 1530-1550 ℃.
7. The method for producing a high-plasticity high-purity single-phase austenitic stainless steel according to claim 2, wherein 57# or 60# slag+SiO is used as the remelting slag system in step (2) 2 +MgO。
8. The method for preparing high-plasticity high-purity single-phase austenitic stainless steel according to claim 2, wherein the forging equipment in steps (4) and (5) adopts a 5500T forging press.
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