CN116420819A

CN116420819A - Feed premix and feed for stock pigs of Chuan-xiang black pigs

Info

Publication number: CN116420819A
Application number: CN202310701861.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈晓晖; 杨跃奎; 何志平; 雷云峰; 杨雪梅; 安瑞; 杨坤; 曾凯; 王言; 陶璇; 应三成; 梁艳; 涂腾; 刘锐
Original assignee: Sichuan Animal Science Academy
Current assignee: Sichuan Animal Science Academy
Priority date: 2023-06-14
Filing date: 2023-06-14
Publication date: 2023-07-14

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of black pig feeds, and particularly provides a feed premix and feed for a Chuan-xiang black pig reserve strain pig. The premix comprises microelement and vitamin premix, including cupric citrate, ferrous sulfate, zinc lactate, manganese sulfate, sodium selenite, calcium iodate, stone powder, zeolite powder, chromium nicotinate, vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin K3, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, nicotinic acid, calcium pantothenate, folic acid, biotin, vitamin B12, 50% choline, antioxidant, defatted rice bran; the feed for the stock pigs of the Chuan-xiang black pigs comprises 75-90 parts of coarse fodder, 0.5-1.5 parts of microelement premix, 0.05-0.15 part of vitamin premix, 1-3 parts of flavoring, 3-5 parts of high-protein whey powder, 0.5-1 part of lactobacillus, 4-6 parts of flavoring agent and 0.5-1 part of adhesive. Has the advantages of bright fur color, high lean meat percentage and good meat quality of the reserve pigs.

Description

Feed premix and feed for stock pigs of Chuan-xiang black pigs

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of black pig feed, in particular to feed premix and feed for a Chuan-xiang black pig reserve strain pig.

Background

The Chuan Xiang black pig is bred over 12 years by using a genetic resource Tibetan pig and an introduced Duroc pig as breeding materials and adopting a modern breeding technology combining a BLUP method and molecular marker assisted selection. The variety is mainly characterized in that: firstly, the meat quality is excellent. The intramuscular fat content of the Chuangxiang black pig reaches more than 3 percent, which is higher than that of foreign pig species Duroc and barkcalories which are widely used as male parents in production. Secondly, the growth is fast. The weight of Sichuan black pigs is 100kg, the age of the Sichuan black pigs is 165.70 days, the Sichuan black pigs are very close to that of Duroc pigs 164.15 days, and the Sichuan black pigs are shortened by 6.19 days compared with the Backgrass pigs. Thirdly, the lean meat percentage is high. The production efficiency of Chuangxiang black pigs is equivalent to that of Duroc pigs, but the meat quality is better, and each performance is comprehensively better than that of Backgrass pigs, so that the market popularization prospect is wide. The black pig breaks through the monopoly situation that the exotic pig is taken as the male parent in the production of Chinese commercial pigs, and has important strategic significance for improving the feed rate and the competitiveness of Chinese live pig species sources, creating a seed industry chip, reducing the external dependence of core species sources and promoting the protection and the utilization of local pig species resources.

In the process of raising Chuan-xiang black pigs, the quality of the feed is required to be improved in order to ensure that the Chuan-xiang black pigs are stably inherited, grow fast, have stable hair color and high lean meat percentage; and has higher requirements on the replacement pigs of Chuan-xiang black pigs. The conventional feed-raised pigs are high in fat meat rate and cannot meet the requirements of raising Chuan-xiang black pigs, so that a feed formula suitable for the Chuan-xiang black pigs needs to be developed.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a feed premix and feed for a stock strain pig of a Chuan-xiang black pig.

The first aim of the invention is to provide a feed premix for a stock pig of a Chuan-xiang black pig, which comprises the following components: microelement premix and vitamin premix;

each kilogram of microelement premix comprises 1.5-2g of cupric citrate, 30-35g of ferrous sulfate, 8-10g of zinc sulfate, 20-25g of zinc lactate, 20-23g of manganese sulfate, 7-9g of sodium selenite, 1-2g of calcium iodate, 380-400g of stone powder, 480-520g of zeolite powder and 8-12g of chromium nicotinate;

each kilogram of the vitamin premix comprises 10-15g of vitamin A, 3 1-2g of vitamin D, 38-42g of vitamin E, 3 5-10g of vitamin K, 2 4-6g of vitamin B, 6 1-2g of vitamin B, 28-32g of nicotinic acid, 16-20g of calcium pantothenate, 0.3-1g of folic acid, 3-7g of biotin, 12-3 g of vitamin B, 45-55g of 50% choline, 0.5-1g of antioxidant and 820-830g of defatted rice bran; the vitamin A and vitamin D3 units are 50 ten thousand IU/g.

Preferably, the premix is prepared by the following method:

s1, preparing a trace element premix: mixing carrier stone powder and zeolite powder in certain proportion; adding cupric citrate, ferrous sulfate, zinc lactate, manganese sulfate, sodium selenite, calcium iodate and chromium nicotinate, mixing, repeatedly stirring clockwise and anticlockwise for 20min, and sieving with 60 mesh sieve;

s2, preparing a vitamin premix: weighing vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin K3, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, nicotinic acid, calcium pantothenate, folic acid, biotin, vitamin B12 and defatted rice bran according to the weight, and uniformly mixing; preparing 50% choline and antioxidant; mixing the above materials, repeatedly stirring and mixing for 20min in clockwise and anticlockwise directions, and sieving with 60 mesh sieve;

and S3, uniformly mixing the trace element premix and the vitamin premix prepared in the steps S1 and S2 to obtain the feed premix for the Chuan-xiang black pig backstrain.

Preferably, 1.95g of cupric citrate, 33.9g of ferrous sulfate, 8.99g of zinc sulfate, 22.34g of zinc lactate, 21.22g of manganese sulfate, 8g of sodium selenite, 1.4g of calcium iodate, 392.2g of stone powder, 500g of zeolite powder and 10g of chromium nicotinate.

Preferably, 12g of vitamin A, 1.6g of vitamin D, 40g of vitamin E, 38 g of vitamin K, 25g of vitamin B, 1.23g of vitamin B, 30.3g of nicotinic acid, 17.78g of calcium pantothenate, 0.52g of folic acid, 5g of biotin, 12g of vitamin B, 50g of 50% choline, 0.61g of antioxidant and 825.96g of defatted rice bran.

Preferably, the antioxidant is ethoxyquinoline at a concentration of 33%.

The invention provides a feed for a Chuan-xiang black pig backlog, which comprises a feed premix for the Chuan-xiang black pig backlog, and further comprises the following components in parts by weight: 75-90 parts of coarse materials, 1-3 parts of seasonings, 3-5 parts of high-protein whey powder, 0.5-1 part of lactic acid bacteria, 4-6 parts of flavoring agents and 0.5-1 part of adhesives; the addition amounts of the trace element premix and the vitamin premix are respectively 0.5-1.5 parts and 0.05-0.15 part.

Preferably, the coarse materials comprise 35-40 parts of corn, 7-15 parts of wheat, 16-22 parts of fermented soybean meal and 15-20 parts of defatted rice bran; the seasoning comprises 0.5-0.8 part of pricklyash peel powder and 0.5-2.2 parts of table salt; the flavoring agent is rapeseed pollen.

Preferably, the addition amounts of the trace element premix and the vitamin premix are respectively 1% and 0.1% of the weight of the feed.

Preferably, the feed for the replacement pigs of the Chuan-xiang black pigs is prepared by the following method:

s1, weighing corn, wheat, fermented soybean meal and defatted rice bran according to weight, crushing and sieving with a 60-mesh sieve;

s2, weighing trace element premix, vitamin premix, flavoring, high-protein whey powder and flavoring agent according to weight, and uniformly mixing;

s3, mixing the above materials, adding an adhesive, stirring for 3-5 min at 70-78 ℃, cooling to room temperature, and granulating by dry granulation equipment;

s4, adding lactobacillus, and fully and uniformly mixing to prepare the pellet feed;

s5, drying the granulated feed until the water content is 5% -7%, and sieving the granulated feed with a 6-mesh sieve to ensure that the grain size of the feed is not more than 3.3mm; subpackaging, sealing and packaging to obtain the feed product of the stock pigs of Chuan-xiang black pigs.

Preferably, the binder consists of tapioca starch and corn starch in a weight ratio of 1:1.

Preferably, 37 parts of corn, 13 parts of wheat, 18 parts of fermented soybean meal, 18 parts of defatted rice bran, 0.6 part of pricklyash peel powder, 1.5 parts of salt, 4 parts of high-protein whey powder, 0.8 part of lactobacillus, 5 parts of rapeseed pollen and 1 part of adhesive.

The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:

the feed premix for the replacement pigs of the Chuan-xiang black pigs is added with multiple vitamins and microelements, so that balanced nutrition is ensured, and antagonism with other nutrient substances is avoided; simultaneously adding choline to promote fat metabolism and reduce serum cholesterol; the rapeseed pollen is added, so that the feed has the effects of strengthening the body resistance and waist and remarkably improving the development of reproductive function of breeding pigs; the feed provided by the invention can enable the stock pigs of Chuan-xiang black pigs to have the advantages of wool color, luster, good spirit, higher lean meat percentage and good meat quality.

Detailed Description

The following description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clear and complete, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

Example 1

A feed premix for a replacement gilt of a Chuan-xiang black pig, comprising: microelement premix and vitamin premix (weight ratio 10:1); the microelement premix comprises 1.95g of cupric citrate, 33.9g of ferrous sulfate, 8.99g of zinc sulfate, 22.34g of zinc lactate, 21.22g of manganese sulfate, 8g of sodium selenite, 1.4g of calcium iodate, 392.2g of stone powder, 500g of zeolite powder and 10g of chromium nicotinate; the quality of each raw material in the vitamin premix is required to meet the requirements shown in Table 1;

table 1 specification and addition amount of each raw material in vitamin premix

The premix is prepared by the following steps:

Example 2

The raw material composition ratio was slightly different from that of example 1, and the specific composition ratio was referred to in table 2, and the premix preparation method was the same as that of example 1.

Example 3

The raw material composition ratio was slightly different from that of example 1, and the specific composition ratio was shown in Table 2. The premix preparation method was different from that of example 1 in that the stirring and mixing time was 15 minutes.

Comparative example 1

The raw material components and proportions are different from those of the embodiment 1, and specific component proportions are shown in table 2, and the preparation method of the premix is the same as the embodiment 1.

Comparative example 2

The raw material composition and the proportion are different from those of the example 1, the antioxidant is replaced by tocopherol, the specific composition proportion is shown in the table 2, and the preparation method of the premix is the same as the example 1.

Comparative example 3

Table 2 table of raw materials

The total amount of each of the substances added in examples 1 to 3 in Table 2 was 1.1kg.

Adding the premix prepared in the examples 1-3 and the comparative examples 1-3 into commercially available basal pig feed to prepare compound feed, wherein the addition amount of the trace element premix is 1%, and the addition amount of the vitamin premix is 0.1% (both are based on the weight of the basal pig feed); feeding experiments of the stock breeding pigs of the Chuan-xiang black pigs are carried out, and the growth, the hair color and the health condition of the breeding pigs are observed and recorded; the specific operation is as follows:

selecting 56 groups of Chuan-xiang black pig reserve breeding pigs into seven groups, wherein 8 groups of the groups are respectively fed with compound feeds added with premix compounds in examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-3, and a blank control group is arranged to feed only commercial basic pig feeds; the feeding time is 37 days, wherein the pre-feeding period is 7 days, the formal feeding time is 30 days, and the average daily gain, average daily feed intake, feed-meat ratio and backfat growth conditions are observed and recorded; the special person is responsible for feeding during the test, the environment is kept consistent, and the test is free to eat and drink water; performing conventional immune sterilization, keeping the colony house clean and sanitary, observing the growth condition, and recording; the experimental pigs were weighed on an empty stomach on day 0 (initial) and 37 days after feeding, respectively. The results are shown in Table 3;

table 3 pig index

From the results, the compound feed prepared by the premix of the examples 1-3 has good weight increasing effect, and the weight of the example 1-3 increases 400g or more in days; from the result of the feed conversion ratio, the absorption and utilization rate of the feed in the examples 1-3 is higher than that in the comparative examples 1-3 and the blank control group; examples 1-3 showed relatively less backfat growth, indicating more lean meat, better pigskin gloss and healthier spirit; the weight gain, feed to meat ratio and backfat growth in example 1 are the best indicators compared to the three examples, indicating that the premix ratio of example 1 is the best.

Example 4

The feed for the stock pigs of Chuan-xiang black pigs comprises the following components in parts by weight: 37 parts of corn, 13 parts of wheat, 18 parts of fermented soybean meal, 18 parts of defatted rice bran, 1 part of microelement premix, 0.1 part of vitamin premix, 0.6 part of pricklyash peel powder, 1.5 parts of salt, 4 parts of high-protein whey powder, 0.8 part of lactic acid bacteria, 5 parts of rapeseed pollen and 1 part of adhesive; the trace element premix and vitamin premix were prepared as in example 1, added in amounts of 1% and 0.1% respectively, based on the total weight; the adhesive consists of tapioca starch and corn starch in a weight ratio of 1:1.

The preparation method comprises the following steps:

s2, weighing trace element premix, vitamin premix, seasonings, high-protein whey powder and rapeseed pollen according to weight, and uniformly mixing;

s3, mixing the above materials, adding an adhesive, stirring for 5min at 75 ℃, cooling to room temperature, and granulating by a dry granulating device;

Example 5

The feed for the replacement gilts of Chuan-xiang black pigs comprises the components shown in table 4 by weight; the preparation method is the same as in example 4.

Example 6

The feed for the replacement gilts of Chuan-xiang black pigs comprises the components shown in table 4 by weight; in the preparation method, the stirring in the step S3 is carried out at the temperature of 78 ℃ for 3min; the rest of the procedure is the same as in example 4.

The rapeseed pollen is added in the embodiments 4-6, so that the effects of strengthening the body resistance (keeping the disease resistance and immunity of the body), strengthening the waist (relieving soreness of the waist and knees caused by kidney deficiency and hypodynamia of the whole body) and remarkably improving the development of reproductive function of the breeding pigs can be achieved; the lactobacillus is added, so that the digestion is beneficial, the intestinal flora of the breeding pigs is improved, and the physical development of the breeding pigs is healthier.

Comparative example 4

The feed of the comparative example comprises the following components in parts by weight: 98.9 parts of commercial basic pig feed, 1 part of trace element premix and 0.1 part of vitamin premix; weighing in proportion, and mixing.

Comparative example 5

The feed of this comparative example comprises the components shown in table 4 by weight; the adhesive is corn starch; the preparation method is the same as in example 4.

Comparative example 6

The feed of this comparative example comprises the components shown in table 4 by weight; the preparation method is the same as in example 4.

Table 4 the feed additive amount of each component

The sum of the added weights of the materials in the formulations in Table 4 is 100 parts.

Feeding experiments of the stock breeding pigs of the Chuan-xiang black pigs are carried out, and the growth, the hair color and the health condition of the breeding pigs are observed and recorded; the specific operation is as follows: randomly selecting 60 replacement pigs of Chuan-xiang black pigs, dividing the replacement pigs into 6 groups, and feeding 10 replacement pigs of each group with the compound feed of examples 4-6 and comparative examples 4-6 respectively for 37 days; wherein the pre-feeding period is 7 days, the formal feeding time is 30 days, the average daily gain, the average daily feed intake and the feed-meat ratio are observed and recorded, and the lean meat percentage is counted; the special person is responsible for feeding during the test, the environment is kept consistent, and the test is free to eat and drink water; performing conventional immune sterilization, keeping the colony house clean and sanitary, observing the growth condition, and recording; the experimental pigs were weighed on an empty stomach after day 0 and 37 days of feeding, respectively. The results are shown in Table 5;

table 5 pig index

From the results, the feed for the stock pigs of the Chuan-xiang black pigs of the examples 4-6 is adopted, the weight increasing effect is good, and the weight is increased by 410 g or more in the days of the examples 4-6; from the aspect of the feed conversion ratio results, the absorption and utilization rates of the feed in the examples 4-6 are higher than those in the comparative examples 4-6; examples 4-6 show that the backfat increases to a relatively small thickness, which means that the lean meat is more, the glossiness of the pigskin hair is better, and the spirit is healthier; the three examples compared to example 4 showed the best weight gain, feed to meat ratio and backfat increase, indicating the best effect of the feed formulation of example 4.

After feeding for 37 days, 5 pigs from each group of experimental pigs were randomly selected to be empty and 10mL of venous blood was collected, the collected blood samples were centrifuged, serum was collected, and the concentrations of superoxide dismutase SOD, glutaraldehyde MDA and urea nitrogen as serological indexes were measured, and the results are shown in Table 6.

TABLE 6 serological index

The results show that the compound feed prepared by the premix of the examples 4-6 can improve superoxide dismutase SOD in serum, reduce glutaraldehyde MDA content and urea nitrogen concentration, and prove that the oxidation resistance of the breeding pigs can be improved and the amino acid balance in the body can be maintained by adopting the breeding pig feed. In conclusion, the feed and the premix thereof for the Chuan-xiang black pig backlog have good effects of promoting the growth of the Chuan-xiang black pig backlog, improving lean meat percentage, improving meat quality and keeping good seed performance.

In describing embodiments of the present invention, it will be understood that the terms "-" and "-" are intended to be inclusive of the two numerical ranges, and that the ranges include the endpoints. For example: "A-B" means a range greater than or equal to A and less than or equal to B. "A-B" means a range of greater than or equal to A and less than or equal to B.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A feed premix for a replacement gilt of a Chuan-xiang black pig, comprising: the weight ratio is 0.5-1.5:0.05-0.15 of microelement premix and vitamin premix; each kilogram of microelement premix comprises 1.5-2g of cupric citrate, 30-35g of ferrous sulfate, 8-10g of zinc sulfate, 20-25g of zinc lactate, 20-23g of manganese sulfate, 7-9g of sodium selenite, 1-2g of calcium iodate, 380-400g of stone powder, 480-520g of zeolite powder and 8-12g of chromium nicotinate;

2. The feed premix for a replacement gilt for a Chuan-xiang black pig according to claim 1, wherein the premix is prepared by the following method:

3. The feed premix for a replacement gilt for a Chuan-xiang black pig according to claim 2, wherein: 1.95g of cupric citrate, 33.9g of ferrous sulfate, 8.99g of zinc sulfate, 22.34g of zinc lactate, 21.22g of manganese sulfate, 8g of sodium selenite, 1.4g of calcium iodate, 392.2g of stone powder, 500g of zeolite powder and 10g of chromium nicotinate.

4. A feed premix for a replacement gilt for a black pig as claimed in claim 3, wherein: 12g of vitamin A, 1.6g of vitamin D, 40g of vitamin E, 38 g of vitamin K, 25g of vitamin B, 1.23g of vitamin B, 30.3g of nicotinic acid, 17.78g of calcium pantothenate, 0.52g of folic acid, 5g of biotin, 12g of vitamin B, 50g of 50% choline, 0.61g of antioxidant and 825.96g of defatted rice bran.

5. The feed premix for a replacement gilt for a black pig according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the antioxidant is ethoxyquinoline with the concentration of 33%.

6. The feed for the Chuan-xiang black pig backlog comprises the feed premix for the Chuan-xiang black pig backlog according to claim 1, and is characterized by further comprising the following components in parts by weight: 75-90 parts of coarse materials, 1-3 parts of seasonings, 3-5 parts of high-protein whey powder, 0.5-1 part of lactic acid bacteria, 4-6 parts of flavoring agents and 0.5-1 part of adhesives; the addition amounts of the trace element premix and the vitamin premix are respectively 0.5-1.5 parts and 0.05-0.15 part.

7. The feed for a replacement gilt of claim 6, wherein: the coarse materials comprise 35-40 parts of corn, 7-15 parts of wheat, 16-22 parts of fermented soybean meal and 15-20 parts of defatted rice bran; the seasoning comprises 0.5-0.8 part of pricklyash peel powder and 0.5-2.2 parts of table salt; the flavoring agent is rapeseed pollen.

8. The feed for a replacement gilt of claim 7, wherein: the addition amounts of the trace element premix and the vitamin premix are respectively 1% and 0.1% of the weight of the feed.

9. The feed for a replacement gilt for a black pig according to any one of claims 6 to 8, which is prepared by the following method:

10. The feed for a replacement gilt of claim 9, wherein: the adhesive consists of tapioca starch and corn starch in a weight ratio of 1:1.