CN116379767B - Three-dimensional hot-pressing oscillation sintering furnace - Google Patents
Three-dimensional hot-pressing oscillation sintering furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN116379767B CN116379767B CN202211672387.6A CN202211672387A CN116379767B CN 116379767 B CN116379767 B CN 116379767B CN 202211672387 A CN202211672387 A CN 202211672387A CN 116379767 B CN116379767 B CN 116379767B
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- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B17/00—Furnaces of a kind not covered by any preceding group
- F27B17/0016—Chamber type furnaces
- F27B17/0041—Chamber type furnaces specially adapted for burning bricks or pottery
- F27B17/005—Chamber type furnaces specially adapted for burning bricks or pottery with cylindrical chambers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D11/00—Arrangement of elements for electric heating in or on furnaces
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D21/00—Arrangements of monitoring devices; Arrangements of safety devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
- F27D3/0021—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge of ceramic ware
- F27D3/0022—Disposition of the charge
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D5/00—Supports, screens, or the like for the charge within the furnace
- F27D5/0031—Treatment baskets for ceramic articles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D7/00—Forming, maintaining, or circulating atmospheres in heating chambers
- F27D7/06—Forming or maintaining special atmospheres or vacuum within heating chambers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D9/00—Cooling of furnaces or of charges therein
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
- F27D2003/0034—Means for moving, conveying, transporting the charge in the furnace or in the charging facilities
- F27D2003/0038—Means for moving, conveying, transporting the charge in the furnace or in the charging facilities comprising shakers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D7/00—Forming, maintaining, or circulating atmospheres in heating chambers
- F27D7/06—Forming or maintaining special atmospheres or vacuum within heating chambers
- F27D2007/066—Vacuum
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D9/00—Cooling of furnaces or of charges therein
- F27D2009/0002—Cooling of furnaces
- F27D2009/001—Cooling of furnaces the cooling medium being a fluid other than a gas
- F27D2009/0013—Cooling of furnaces the cooling medium being a fluid other than a gas the fluid being water
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention discloses a three-dimensional hot-pressing oscillation sintering furnace. The device comprises a furnace body arranged on a furnace frame, an axial oscillation pressure module, a PLC controller, a radial oscillation pressure module arranged on the furnace body and a heating module arranged in the furnace body; a workpiece station, an upper pressure head and a lower pressure head are arranged in the furnace body, and the upper pressure head and the lower pressure head are respectively arranged at two ends of the workpiece station; the axial oscillating pressure module is positioned at the upper end and the lower end of the furnace body and is respectively connected with the upper pressure head and the lower pressure head, the radial oscillating pressure module is uniformly distributed around the work station, the heating module is annularly arranged in the furnace body around the work station, and the PLC is respectively electrically connected with the axial oscillating pressure module, the radial oscillating pressure module and the heating module. The invention effectively promotes the sintering of high-performance ceramic, accelerates the densification of the green body, reduces the sintering temperature, shortens the heat preservation time, inhibits the growth of crystal grains and greatly improves the density of the product.
Description
Technical field:
the invention belongs to the technical field of sintering furnaces, and particularly relates to a three-dimensional hot-pressing oscillation sintering furnace.
The background technology is as follows:
the development of modern scientific technology and social productivity is urgent to demand new materials with high temperature, high strength and special properties. The high-performance structural ceramics have a series of excellent performances such as high strength, high hardness, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, stable chemical properties and the like, and are increasingly focused and widely applied in the fields such as modern metallurgy, mechanical engineering, information technology, aerospace, power engineering, nuclear energy technology, biomedicine, environmental protection, semiconductors and the like. However, the diversified application environments also place higher demands on the properties of the ceramic materials. At present, an effective mode is needed to effectively control internal defects of materials and improve indexes such as breaking strength, reliability and the like of ceramic materials.
The ceramic material has high sensitivity to tissue structure in terms of strength, toughness and other mechanical behaviors, especially various microscopic defects such as air holes, microcracks and the like, so that the actual mechanical properties of the ceramic material are greatly reduced and are far lower than the theoretical strength. Therefore, the strength and toughness of the ceramic material must be improved by effectively increasing the density of the material to reach or approach the theoretical density, so as to eliminate micro defects such as pores, agglomerates, microcracks and the like in the material, inhibit the growth of grains and homogenize the size and shape of the grains. The sintering process is an important link for controlling the microscopic performance of the material, and the influencing factors are as follows: temperature, pressure, time, atmosphere, etc.
The technology for improving the compactness of the ceramic material by applying pressure mainly comprises hot press sintering (HP) and hot isostatic pressing sintering (HIP). The two pressure sintering methods apply external force to the ceramic powder in the high-temperature sintering process, and the external force gives higher sintering driving force to the ceramic powder to promote particle sliding and enhance viscous fluidity, so that a ceramic product with higher mechanical property and reliability is prepared. However, the axial pressure applied by the various pressure sintering techniques is currently a static constant pressure. In the sintering process, static pressure is applied, powder particles are freely distributed in a die under the action of the static pressure at the initial stage of sintering, the particles cannot slide and rearrange, and particle aggregates cannot be fully depolymerized, so that the bulk density of a biscuit is far less than the theoretical bulk density of the biscuit; in the later stage of sintering, residual closed pores at the grain boundary under static pressure cannot be effectively removed, and the closed pores are important factors for restricting the improvement of the mechanical properties of the high-performance ceramic. Therefore, the static constant pressure sintering method cannot fully exert the functions of pressure on accelerating the densification of the green body, reducing the sintering temperature, reducing the heat preservation time, inhibiting the growth of grains and the like, and is difficult to meet the requirements of high-end application on ceramic materials.
The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
The invention comprises the following steps:
the invention aims to provide a three-dimensional hot-pressing oscillation sintering furnace, which applies dynamic coupling pressure in an effective sintering zone from the peripheral radial direction and the upper and lower Z-axis directions, and effectively promotes the sintering of high-performance ceramics, thereby overcoming the defects in the prior art.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a three-dimensional hot-pressing oscillation sintering furnace, which comprises a furnace body, an axial oscillation pressure module, a PLC (programmable logic controller), a radial oscillation pressure module and a heating module, wherein the furnace body is arranged on a furnace frame; a workpiece station, an upper pressure head and a lower pressure head are arranged in the furnace body, and the upper pressure head and the lower pressure head are respectively arranged at two ends of the workpiece station; the axial oscillation pressure module is positioned at the upper end and the lower end of the furnace body and is respectively connected with the upper pressure head and the lower pressure head, the radial oscillation pressure module is uniformly distributed around the work station, the heating module is annularly arranged in the furnace body around the work station, and the PLC is respectively electrically connected with the axial oscillation pressure module, the radial oscillation pressure module and the heating module; the axial oscillation pressure module is used for applying oscillation pressure to the workpiece from above and below during pressure sintering; the radial oscillation pressure module is used for radially applying 360-degree oscillation pressure to the workpiece during pressure sintering; the heating module is used for heating the interior of the furnace body during sintering; the PLC is used for controlling the pressure and the amplitude output by the axial oscillation pressure module and the radial oscillation pressure module and controlling the heating temperature and the heating speed of the heating module.
Preferably, in the technical scheme, the axial oscillation pressure module comprises a motor, a hydraulic pump and a high-pressure pipeline, wherein the high-pressure pipeline comprises a pressurizing pipeline, a main pipeline and a branch pipeline, the motor is connected with the hydraulic pump through the pressurizing pipeline, the hydraulic pump is connected with the main pipeline, the main pipeline is connected with the branch pipeline, the branch pipeline is connected with a corresponding upper pressure head and a corresponding lower pressure head, and the motor and the hydraulic pump are electrically connected with the PLC.
Preferably, in the technical scheme, the radial oscillation pressure module comprises a motor, a high-pressure air source, a hydraulic pump, a high-pressure oil way, a high-pressure air way, vibrators, a pressurizing air way and a pressurizing oil way, wherein the motor is connected with the high-pressure air source through the pressurizing air way, the motor is connected with the hydraulic pump through the pressurizing oil way, the vibrators are arranged on the furnace body and extend into the furnace body, the vibrators extend to a workpiece station, the vibrators are arranged by taking the workpiece station as circle center cloth, the vibrators are divided into two groups, one group of vibrators are connected with the hydraulic pump through the high-pressure oil way, the other group of vibrators are connected with the high-pressure air source through the high-pressure air way, and the motor, the high-pressure air source and the hydraulic pump are electrically connected with the PLC.
Preferably, in the technical scheme, the vibrator is divided into a high-frequency vibrator and a low-frequency vibrator, the high-frequency vibrator is connected with a high-pressure air source through a high-pressure air path, and the low-frequency vibrator is connected with a hydraulic pump through a high-pressure oil path; the oscillation frequency of the high-frequency oscillator is 4-8kHz, and the oscillation frequency of the low-frequency oscillator is 0-20Hz.
Preferably, in the technical scheme, the output modes of the axial oscillation pressure module and the radial oscillation pressure module comprise an oscillation pressure output mode and a constant pressure output mode, wherein the motor in the oscillation pressure output mode provides output pressure amplitude and frequency change for a corresponding high-pressure air source and hydraulic pump, and the motor in the constant pressure output mode does not work; the vibrator, the upper pressure head and the lower pressure head are used for pressurizing, stabilizing and maintaining the pressure of the workpiece through the cooperation of the oscillation pressure output mode and the constant pressure output mode.
Preferably, in the technical scheme, the processes of pressurization, voltage stabilization and pressure maintaining of the vibrator, the upper pressure head and the lower pressure head are correspondingly programmed in the PLC according to the characteristics of materials and sintering technology.
Preferably, in the technical scheme, the working mode of the vibrator is one or more of consistent action, sequential action and intermittent action.
Preferably, in the technical scheme, the main pipeline and the high-pressure oil pipeline are provided with an electro-hydraulic servo valve and an electromagnetic servo valve which are connected in parallel, and the electro-hydraulic servo valve and the electromagnetic servo valve are electrically connected with the PLC; the PLC automatically controls the oil pressure in the main pipeline and the high-pressure oil way through the electrohydraulic servo valve for normal operation; the PLC controls the oil pressure inching in the main pipeline and the high-pressure oil way through the electromagnetic servo valve and is used for debugging and operation.
Preferably, in the technical scheme, the heating module comprises a graphite heating rod and a hard carbon felt, the graphite heating rod is arranged in the furnace body and connected with an electrode, the electrode is electrically connected with a PLC, the graphite heating rod surrounds a cylindrical heating body by taking a work station as the center, the outer surface of the cylindrical heating body is coated with the hard carbon felt, and the vibrator is arranged in the heating module in a penetrating mode.
Preferably, in the technical scheme, the three-dimensional hot-pressing oscillation sintering furnace further comprises a data acquisition module, the data acquisition module comprises a displacement sensor, a pressure sensor, a thermocouple and an infrared thermometer, the displacement sensor is respectively arranged on the upper pressure head and the lower pressure head, the displacement sensor adopts grating measurement, the pressure sensor is arranged on a branch pipeline and a high-pressure oil circuit, the vibrator, the upper pressure head and the lower pressure head are used for measuring oil pressure changes, the thermocouple and the infrared thermometer are arranged on a furnace body, the thermocouple is used for measuring the temperature in the furnace below 1100 ℃, and the infrared thermometer is used for measuring the temperature in the furnace above 1100 ℃, and the displacement sensor, the pressure sensor, the thermocouple and the infrared thermometer are electrically connected with the PLC.
Preferably, in the technical scheme, the three-dimensional hot-pressing oscillation sintering furnace further comprises a vacuumizing pipeline, a vacuum pump, a protective atmosphere pipeline and an atmosphere gas source, wherein the vacuum pump is connected with the vacuumizing pipeline, the atmosphere gas source is connected with the protective atmosphere pipeline, and the vacuumizing pipeline and the protective atmosphere pipeline are respectively connected with the furnace body; the vacuum pump and the atmosphere source are electrically connected with the PLC.
Preferably, in the technical scheme, the three-dimensional hot-pressing oscillation sintering furnace further comprises a cooling system, wherein the cooling system comprises a water cooling machine, a cooling pipeline, a water pressure sensor and a temperature sensor, the water cooling machine is connected with the cooling pipeline, the cooling pipeline is respectively connected with the furnace body, the electrode, the upper pressure head and the lower pressure head, and the water pressure sensor and the temperature sensor are arranged in the cooling pipeline; the water cooler, the water pressure sensor and the temperature sensor are electrically connected with the PLC.
The output pressure of the axial oscillation pressure module and the radial oscillation pressure module of the three-dimensional hot-pressing oscillation sintering furnace is 500T.
Compared with the prior art, the method introduces a stereoscopic dynamic oscillation pressure to replace the existing constant static pressure in the sintering process of the high-performance ceramic material, and superimposes an oscillation pressure with adjustable frequency and pressure in the radial direction around and the Z-axis direction up and down under the action of a relatively large constant pressure, so that the high-performance ceramic material is densified and sintered by coupling the superimposed oscillation pressure, and the method has the following beneficial effects:
the stacking density of the sintered powder can be obviously improved through particle rearrangement generated by the three-dimensional continuous oscillation pressure; the oscillating pressure provides larger sintering driving force for powder sintering, is more beneficial to promoting rotation, sliding and plastic flow of crystal grains in the sintering body to accelerate densification of a blank, and particularly eliminates residual tiny pores at a crystal boundary by adjusting the frequency and the size of the oscillating pressure in the later stage of sintering, thereby completely eliminating residual pores inside the material.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional hot-pressing oscillation sintering furnace structure;
FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the internal structure of the shaft of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a front view of the structure near the vibrator inside the furnace shell of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a radial oscillation pressure module according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an axial oscillation pressure module according to the present invention;
the reference numerals are: 1-furnace frame, 2-furnace body, 3-PLC controller, 4-upper furnace cover, 5-lower furnace cover, 6-work station, 7-upper pressure head, 8-lower pressure head, 9-motor, 10-hydraulic pump, 11-pressurizing pipeline, 12-main pipeline, 13-branch pipeline, 14-motor, 15-high pressure air source, 16-hydraulic pump, 17-high pressure oil circuit, 18-high pressure air circuit, 19-vibrator, 20-pressurizing air circuit, 21-pressurizing oil circuit, 22-electrohydraulic servo valve, 23-electromagnetic servo valve, 24-graphite heating rod, 25-displacement sensor, 26-pressure sensor, 27-thermocouple, 28-infrared thermometer and 29-product.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
the following detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention is, but it should be understood that the invention is not limited to specific embodiments.
Throughout the specification and claims, unless explicitly stated otherwise, the term "comprise" or variations thereof such as "comprises" or "comprising", etc. will be understood to include the stated element or component without excluding other elements or components.
As shown in fig. 1, the three-dimensional hot-pressing oscillation sintering furnace comprises a furnace body, an axial oscillation pressure module, a PLC (programmable logic controller) 3, a radial oscillation pressure module and a heating module, wherein the furnace body is arranged on a furnace frame 1, the radial oscillation pressure module is arranged on a furnace body 2, and the heating module is arranged in the furnace body 2; the furnace body is of a vertical structure, the middle part of the furnace body is a furnace body 2, an upper furnace cover 4 and a lower furnace cover 5 are respectively arranged on the upper part and the lower part of the furnace body 2, and the lower furnace cover 5 can be opened so as to facilitate loading. The furnace body 2 adopts a double-layer water interlayer structure, the inner wall is polished by SUS304 stainless steel, the outer wall is polished by stainless steel, the furnace body 2 adopts a cylindrical structure formed by assembling and welding two stainless steel square flanges, the planes of the flanges are provided with sealing grooves, the sealing grooves are sealed in a vacuum way by 0 circle, a water cooling device (for preventing aging of 0 circle due to overhigh temperature) is arranged, and three electrode holes, a thermocouple temperature measuring hole, an infrared instrument hole and an air extracting hole are arranged on the furnace body 2; the furnace body 2 is internally provided with a workpiece station 6, an upper pressure head 7 and a lower pressure head 8, the furnace frame 1 is provided with cross beams at the upper part and the lower part, the cross beams are used as supports of the upper pressure head 7 and the lower pressure head 8, and the upper pressure head 7 and the lower pressure head 8 are respectively arranged at two ends of the workpiece station 4; the PLC 3 is respectively and electrically connected with the axial oscillation pressure module, the radial oscillation pressure module and the heating module; the axial oscillation pressure module is used for applying oscillation pressure to the workpiece from above and below during pressure sintering; the radial oscillation pressure module is used for radially applying 360-degree oscillation pressure to the workpiece during pressure sintering; the heating module is used for heating the interior of the furnace body during sintering; the PLC 3 is used for controlling the pressure and the amplitude output by the axial oscillation pressure module and the radial oscillation pressure module and controlling the heating temperature and the heating speed of the heating module. The PLC controller 3 is a Siemens S7-200 type PLC controller.
As shown in fig. 6, the axial oscillating pressure module includes a motor 9, a hydraulic pump 10, and a high-pressure pipeline including a pressurizing pipeline 11, a main pipeline 12, and a branch pipeline 13, the motor 9 is connected to the hydraulic pump 10 through the pressurizing pipeline 11, the hydraulic pump 10 is connected to the main pipeline 12, the main pipeline 12 is connected to the branch pipeline 13, the branch pipeline 13 is connected to the corresponding upper and lower pressure heads 7, 8, and the motor 9, the hydraulic pump 10 are electrically connected to the PLC controller 3.
As shown in fig. 2-5, the radial oscillation pressure module comprises a motor 14, a high-pressure air source 15, a hydraulic pump 16, a high-pressure oil channel 17, a high-pressure air channel 18, a vibrator 19, a pressurizing air channel 20 and a pressurizing oil channel 21, wherein the motor 14 is connected with the high-pressure air source 15 through the pressurizing air channel 20, the motor 14 is connected with the hydraulic pump 16 through the pressurizing oil channel 21, the vibrator 19 is arranged on the furnace body 2, the vibrator 19 extends into the furnace body 2 and extends to the workpiece station 6, the vibrator 19 is circumferentially arranged by taking the workpiece station 6 as a circle center, the vibrator 19 is divided into a high-frequency vibrator and a low-frequency vibrator, the high-frequency vibrator 19 is connected with the hydraulic pump 16 through the high-pressure oil channel 17, the low-frequency vibrator 19 is connected with the high-pressure air source 15 through the high-pressure air channel 18, and the motor 14, the high-pressure air source 15 and the hydraulic pump 16 are electrically connected with the PLC controller 3; the oscillation frequency of the high-frequency oscillator 19 is 4-8kHz, and the oscillation frequency of the low-frequency oscillator 19 is 0-20Hz.
The output modes of the axial oscillation pressure module and the radial oscillation pressure module comprise an oscillation pressure output mode and a constant pressure output mode, wherein the motor in the oscillation pressure output mode provides output pressure amplitude and frequency change for a corresponding high-pressure air source and hydraulic pump, and the motor in the constant pressure output mode does not work; the vibrator, the upper pressure head and the lower pressure head are used for pressurizing, stabilizing and maintaining the pressure of the workpiece through the cooperation of the oscillation pressure output mode and the constant pressure output mode. The vibrator, the upper pressure head and the lower pressure head are correspondingly programmed in the PLC according to the characteristics of materials and the sintering process in the pressurizing, pressure stabilizing and pressure maintaining processes. The vibrator works in one or more of consistent action, sequential action and intermittent action.
As shown in fig. 5-6, the main pipeline 12 and the high-pressure oil pipeline 17 are provided with an electro-hydraulic servo valve 22 and an electromagnetic servo valve 23 which are connected in parallel, and the electro-hydraulic servo valve 22 and the electromagnetic servo valve 23 are electrically connected with the PLC controller 3; the PLC 3 automatically controls the oil pressure in the main pipeline 12 and the high-pressure oil way 17 through the electrohydraulic servo valve 22 for normal operation; the PLC 3 controls the oil pressure inching in the main pipeline 12 and the high-pressure oil pipeline 17 through an electromagnetic servo valve 23 for debugging operation.
As shown in fig. 1, the heating module comprises a graphite heating rod 24 and a hard carbon felt, the graphite heating rod 24 is arranged in the furnace body 2, the graphite heating rod 24 is connected with an electrode, the electrode is electrically connected with the PLC controller 3, the graphite heating rod 24 surrounds a cylindrical heating body by taking the workpiece station 6 as the center, the outer surface of the cylindrical heating body is coated with a layer of hard carbon felt, and the vibrator 19 is arranged in the heating module in a penetrating manner.
As shown in fig. 1, 5 and 6, the three-dimensional hot-pressing oscillation sintering furnace further comprises a data acquisition module, the data acquisition module comprises a displacement sensor 25, a pressure sensor 26, a thermocouple 27 and an infrared thermometer 28, the displacement sensor 25 is respectively arranged on the upper pressure head 7 and the lower pressure head 8, the displacement sensor 25 adopts grating measurement, the pressure sensor 26 is arranged on the branch pipeline 13 and the high-pressure oil pipeline 17, the oil pressure changes of the vibrator 19, the upper pressure head 7 and the lower pressure head 8 are measured, the thermocouple 27 and the infrared thermometer 28 are arranged in a thermocouple temperature measuring hole and an infrared meter hole on the furnace body 2, the thermocouple 27 measures the temperature in the furnace below 1100 ℃, the infrared thermometer 28 measures the temperature in the furnace above 1100 ℃, and the displacement sensor 25, the pressure sensor 26, the thermocouple 27 and the infrared thermometer 28 are electrically connected with the PLC controller 3.
The three-dimensional hot-pressing oscillation sintering furnace further comprises a vacuumizing pipeline, a vacuum pump, a protective atmosphere pipeline and an atmosphere gas source, wherein the vacuum pump is connected with the vacuumizing pipeline, the atmosphere gas source is connected with the protective atmosphere pipeline, the vacuumizing pipeline and the protective atmosphere pipeline are respectively connected with the furnace body, and the protective atmosphere is nitrogen and argon; the vacuum pump and the atmosphere source are electrically connected with the PLC.
The three-dimensional hot-pressing oscillation sintering furnace further comprises a cooling system, wherein the cooling system comprises a water cooling machine, a cooling pipeline, a water pressure sensor and a temperature sensor, the water cooling machine is connected with the cooling pipeline, the cooling pipeline is respectively connected with the furnace body, the electrode, the upper pressure head and the lower pressure head, and the water pressure sensor and the temperature sensor are arranged in the cooling pipeline; the water cooler, the water pressure sensor and the temperature sensor are electrically connected with the PLC.
Example 1
A three-dimensional hot-pressing oscillation sintering furnace has the maximum oscillation sintering workpiece size of phi 500 multiplied by 100mm and the maximum constant-pressure sintering workpiece size of phi 800 multiplied by 700mm. The pressure range of constant pressure sintering is 0-500T, the oscillation sintering pressure amplitude range is 0-5T, and the oscillation frequency is 0-20Hz. The displacement range of the upper pressure head and the lower pressure head is 0-400mm, and the detection precision of the displacement sensor is 0.01mm. The heating module has a heating rate of 0-25 ℃/min, a heating power of 400kW and a maximum temperature of 2100 ℃. The rated power of the motor was 450kW and the voltage was 380V.
During operation, the oscillation frequency and the amplitude are set according to the properties of the sintering material, a pressure curve and a temperature curve are designed, a ceramic blank is placed in a work station, nitrogen and argon mixed gas with the pressure less than or equal to 0.5MPa is introduced, a 380V power supply is conducted with a graphite heating body through an electrode, the graphite heating body heats the inside of a furnace body at a heating rate of 20 ℃/min, and the temperature inside the furnace body is gradually heated to 2000 ℃. In the heating process, the tungsten-rhenium thermocouple and the infrared thermometer detect the temperature in the furnace body.
When the temperature in the furnace body is heated to 1100 ℃ from room temperature, the PLC controls the hydraulic pump and the high-pressure air source to output constant pressure, the upper pressure head and the lower pressure head apply 495T pressure to the work station up and down, eight vibrators apply 495T pressure to the work station in the radial direction, and the ceramic blank body is hot-pressed under the constant pressure.
When the temperature in the furnace body is heated to 2000 ℃ from 1100 ℃, the PLC controls the motor to pressurize the hydraulic pump and the high-pressure air source, the sintering pressure amplitude is 5T, the oscillation frequency of the upper pressure head and the lower pressure head is 20Hz, the oscillation frequency of the low-frequency vibrator is 10Hz, the oscillation frequency of the high-frequency vibrator is 5kHz, the maximum total pressure of 500T is applied to the upper pressure head and the lower pressure head on the work station, and the maximum total pressure of 500T is applied to the work station by eight vibrators in the radial direction.
When the temperature in the furnace body reaches 2000 ℃, the graphite heating body keeps the temperature in the furnace body, and the oscillation pressure is continued. Setting the heat preservation time according to the ceramic material, unloading the oscillation pressure after the heat preservation time is reached, keeping constant pressure, and cooling at the cooling rate of 10 ℃/min. When the temperature in the furnace body is reduced to 1100 ℃, unloading constant pressure, and taking out the ceramic product after cooling to room temperature along with the furnace, thereby completing hot-pressing sintering.
Example 2
A three-dimensional hot-pressing oscillation sintering furnace only performs constant-pressure sintering according to the product requirement.
When the ceramic body is in operation, the ceramic body is placed in a work station, nitrogen and argon mixed gas with the pressure less than or equal to 0.5MPa is introduced, a 380V power supply is conducted with a graphite heating body through an electrode, the graphite heating body heats the inside of the furnace body at the heating rate of 25 ℃/min, and the temperature inside the furnace body is gradually heated to 2000 ℃. In the heating process, the tungsten-rhenium thermocouple and the infrared thermometer detect the temperature in the furnace body.
When the temperature in the furnace body is heated to 2000 ℃ from room temperature, the PLC controls the hydraulic pump and the high-pressure air source to output constant pressure, the upper pressure head and the lower pressure head apply 500T pressure to the work station up and down, four vibrators out of the eight vibrators work in sequence, the four vibrators apply 500T pressure to the work station in total in the radial direction, and the ceramic blank body is hot-pressed under the constant pressure.
When the temperature in the furnace body reaches 2000 ℃, the graphite heating body keeps the temperature in the furnace body. Setting the heat preservation time according to the ceramic material, and cooling at a cooling rate of 15 ℃/min after the heat preservation time is reached. When the temperature in the furnace body is reduced to 1100 ℃, unloading constant pressure, and taking out the ceramic product after cooling to room temperature along with the furnace, thereby completing hot-pressing sintering.
Introducing a stereoscopic dynamic oscillation pressure to replace the existing constant static pressure in the sintering process of the high-performance ceramic material, respectively superposing an oscillation pressure with adjustable frequency and pressure in the peripheral radial direction and the upper and lower Z-axis directions under the action of a relatively large constant pressure, and coupling the superposed oscillation pressure to help the high-performance ceramic material to realize densification sintering, so that the stacking density of the powder before sintering can be remarkably improved through particle rearrangement generated by the stereoscopic continuous oscillation pressure; the oscillating pressure provides larger sintering driving force for powder sintering, is more beneficial to promoting rotation, sliding and plastic flow of crystal grains in the sintering body to accelerate densification of a blank, and particularly eliminates residual tiny pores at a crystal boundary by adjusting the frequency and the size of the oscillating pressure in the later stage of sintering, thereby completely eliminating residual pores inside the material.
The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention are presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain the specific principles of the invention and its practical application to thereby enable one skilled in the art to make and utilize the invention in various exemplary embodiments and with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. A three-dimensional hot pressing oscillation sintering furnace is characterized in that: the device comprises a furnace body arranged on a furnace frame, an axial oscillation pressure module, a PLC controller, a radial oscillation pressure module arranged on the furnace body and a heating module arranged in the furnace body; a workpiece station, an upper pressure head and a lower pressure head are arranged in the furnace body, and the upper pressure head and the lower pressure head are respectively arranged at two ends of the workpiece station; the axial oscillation pressure module is positioned at the upper end and the lower end of the furnace body and is respectively connected with the upper pressure head and the lower pressure head, the radial oscillation pressure module is uniformly distributed around the work station, the heating module is annularly arranged in the furnace body around the work station, and the PLC is respectively electrically connected with the axial oscillation pressure module, the radial oscillation pressure module and the heating module; the axial oscillation pressure module is used for applying oscillation pressure to the workpiece from above and below during pressure sintering; the radial oscillation pressure module is used for radially applying 360-degree oscillation pressure to the workpiece during pressure sintering; the heating module is used for heating the interior of the furnace body during sintering; the PLC is used for controlling the pressure and the amplitude output by the axial oscillation pressure module and the radial oscillation pressure module and controlling the heating temperature and the heating speed of the heating module.
2. The three-dimensional hot press oscillation sintering furnace according to claim 1, wherein: the axial oscillation pressure module comprises a motor, a hydraulic pump and a high-pressure pipeline, wherein the high-pressure pipeline comprises a pressurizing pipeline, a main pipeline and a branch pipeline, the motor is connected with the hydraulic pump through the pressurizing pipeline, the hydraulic pump is connected with the main pipeline, the main pipeline is connected with the branch pipeline, the branch pipeline is connected with a corresponding upper pressure head and a corresponding lower pressure head, and the motor and the hydraulic pump are electrically connected with the PLC.
3. The three-dimensional hot press oscillation sintering furnace according to claim 2, characterized in that: the radial oscillation pressure module comprises a motor, a high-pressure air source, a hydraulic pump, a high-pressure oil circuit, a high-pressure air circuit, vibrators, a pressurizing air circuit and a pressurizing oil circuit, wherein the motor is connected with the high-pressure air source through the pressurizing air circuit, the motor is connected with the hydraulic pump through the pressurizing oil circuit, the vibrators are arranged on the furnace body, the vibrators extend into the furnace body and extend to work-piece work-stations, the vibrators are arranged around the work-piece work-stations as circle centers, the vibrators are divided into two groups, one group of vibrators are connected with the hydraulic pump through the high-pressure oil circuit, the other group of vibrators are connected with the high-pressure air source through the high-pressure air circuit, and the motor, the high-pressure air source and the hydraulic pump are electrically connected with the PLC.
4. A three-dimensional hot-press oscillation sintering furnace according to claim 3, characterized in that: the vibrators are divided into a high-frequency vibrator and a low-frequency vibrator, the high-frequency vibrator is connected with a high-pressure air source through a high-pressure air channel, and the low-frequency vibrator is connected with a hydraulic pump through a high-pressure oil channel; the oscillation frequency of the high-frequency oscillator is 4-8kHz, and the oscillation frequency of the low-frequency oscillator is 0-20Hz.
5. A three-dimensional hot-press oscillation sintering furnace according to claim 3, characterized in that: the output modes of the axial oscillation pressure module and the radial oscillation pressure module comprise an oscillation pressure output mode and a constant pressure output mode, wherein the motor in the oscillation pressure output mode provides output pressure amplitude and frequency change for a corresponding high-pressure air source and hydraulic pump, and the motor in the constant pressure output mode does not work; the vibrator, the upper pressure head and the lower pressure head are used for pressurizing, stabilizing and maintaining the pressure of the workpiece through the cooperation of the oscillation pressure output mode and the constant pressure output mode.
6. The three-dimensional hot press oscillation sintering furnace according to claim 5, wherein: the vibrator, the upper pressure head and the lower pressure head are correspondingly programmed in the PLC according to the characteristics of materials and the sintering process in the pressurizing, pressure stabilizing and pressure maintaining processes.
7. The three-dimensional hot press oscillation sintering furnace according to claim 6, wherein: the vibrator works in one or more of consistent action, sequential action and intermittent action.
8. A three-dimensional hot-press oscillation sintering furnace according to claim 3, characterized in that: the main pipeline and the high-pressure oil pipeline are provided with an electro-hydraulic servo valve and an electromagnetic servo valve which are connected in parallel, and the electro-hydraulic servo valve and the electromagnetic servo valve are electrically connected with the PLC; the PLC automatically controls the oil pressure in the main pipeline and the high-pressure oil way through the electrohydraulic servo valve for normal operation; the PLC controls the oil pressure inching in the main pipeline and the high-pressure oil way through the electromagnetic servo valve and is used for debugging and operation.
9. A three-dimensional hot-press oscillation sintering furnace according to claim 3, characterized in that: the heating module comprises a graphite heating rod and a hard carbon felt, the graphite heating rod is arranged in the furnace body and connected with an electrode, the electrode is electrically connected with the PLC, the graphite heating rod surrounds a cylindrical heating body by taking a work station as the center, the outer surface of the cylindrical heating body is coated with the hard carbon felt, and the vibrator penetrates through the heating module.
10. The three-dimensional hot press oscillation sintering furnace according to claim 9, characterized in that: the three-dimensional hot-pressing oscillation sintering furnace further comprises a data acquisition module, the data acquisition module comprises a displacement sensor, a pressure sensor, a thermocouple and an infrared thermometer, the displacement sensor is respectively arranged on the upper pressure head and the lower pressure head, the displacement sensor adopts grating measurement, the pressure sensor is arranged on a branch pipeline and a high-pressure oil circuit, the oil pressure changes of the vibrator, the upper pressure head and the lower pressure head are measured, the thermocouple and the infrared thermometer are arranged on the furnace body, the thermocouple is used for measuring the temperature in the furnace below 1100 ℃, the infrared thermometer is used for measuring the temperature in the furnace above 1100 ℃, and the displacement sensor, the pressure sensor, the thermocouple and the infrared thermometer are electrically connected with the PLC.
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