CN116372188B - Method and device for regulating and controlling residual stress of additive manufacturing - Google Patents
Method and device for regulating and controlling residual stress of additive manufacturing Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN116372188B CN116372188B CN202310193057.7A CN202310193057A CN116372188B CN 116372188 B CN116372188 B CN 116372188B CN 202310193057 A CN202310193057 A CN 202310193057A CN 116372188 B CN116372188 B CN 116372188B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- additive manufacturing
- residual stress
- ultrasonic
- substrate
- magnetic field
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 abstract description 24
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 19
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 16
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004781 supercooling Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 14
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005495 investment casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/50—Treatment of workpieces or articles during build-up, e.g. treatments applied to fused layers during build-up
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/80—Plants, production lines or modules
- B22F12/82—Combination of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Magnetic Record Carriers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for regulating and controlling the residual stress of additive manufacturing, taking one of them as an example, the method for regulating and controlling the residual stress of additive manufacturing comprises the following steps: step a: preheating a substrate; step b: processing the matrix, and carrying out blade additive manufacturing; step c: carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the substrate and the blade; step d: applying an alternating magnetic field to the substrate and the blade; step e: and (c) alternately repeating the step c and the step d until the operation of the step b is completed. Preheating the matrix, reducing thermal stress, and thus inhibiting the occurrence of cracks on the surface of the formed part; the ultrasonic treatment is added, so that coarse dendrites are broken, the tissue is uniformly distributed, the supercooling degree of a molten pool in the solidification process of the additive manufacturing process can be increased, and the tissue is more compact and the grains are finer; the magnetic field is used for assisting additive manufacturing, so that the external pressure for inhibiting the generation of bubbles is increased, and the porosity of a formed part is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of methods for regulating residual stress, in particular to a method and a device for regulating residual stress of additive manufacturing.
Background
The blisk is used as an important part in the aeroengine, so that the thrust-weight ratio and reliability of the aeroengine are improved, and the weight of the aeroengine is reduced. For machining and manufacturing of blisk components, machining methods such as numerical control machining technology, precision casting and electrolytic machining are often adopted, wherein machining difficulty of blisk blade shapes is greatest, and time consumption is greatest.
Compared with the traditional manufacturing process of the aero-engine blade disc, the laser additive manufacturing technology is adopted, so that the cost can be reduced, and the service performance of the aerospace high-end equipment can be greatly improved. However, in the process of manufacturing the laser additive for the integral blisk, the generation of residual stress is difficult to avoid, and meanwhile, the residual stress can deteriorate the service performance of the material, so that the control of the residual stress in the metal material is particularly important.
At present, the magnetic field auxiliary mode is used to reduce the overall residual stress, however, the magnetic field auxiliary mode is single.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that: a method and apparatus for controlling additive manufacturing residual stress is provided to solve one or more technical problems of the prior art, and at least provide a beneficial choice or creation condition.
The invention solves the technical problems as follows:
a method of regulating additive manufacturing residual stress comprising the steps of: step a: preheating a substrate; step b: processing the matrix, and carrying out blade additive manufacturing; step c: carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the substrate and the blade; step d: applying an alternating magnetic field to the substrate and the blade; step e: and (c) alternately repeating the step c and the step d until the operation of the step b is completed.
Preheating the matrix before additive manufacturing can reduce the temperature gradient between the blade to be manufactured and the matrix and reduce the thermal stress, thereby inhibiting the situation that cracks appear on the surface of a formed part; in the process of additive manufacturing, ultrasonic treatment is added, ultrasonic vibration can interfere with the fusing behavior of a molten pool to a certain extent through cavitation effect and acoustic flow effect, so that coarse dendrites can be broken, tissues are uniformly distributed, the supercooling degree of the molten pool in the solidification process of the additive manufacturing process can be increased, and the method is beneficial to enabling the tissues to be more compact and grains to be finer; in the process of additive manufacturing, the additive manufacturing is assisted by a magnetic field, and after an alternating magnetic field is applied to a molten pool, liquid metal can form rotary motion in a positive direction and a negative direction according to a certain frequency, so that convection of the molten pool metal is enhanced, external pressure for inhibiting bubble initiation is increased, and the porosity of a formed part is reduced; in addition, the ultrasonic treatment and the alternating magnetic field are alternately carried out, so that the influence between the ultrasonic treatment and the alternating magnetic field is reduced.
As a further improvement of the above technical solution, in step a, the preheated temperature range is 650 ℃ to 750 ℃.
Setting a certain preheating temperature, when the preheating temperature is lower than a range value, the preheating effect is reduced along with the increase of a deposited layer, and the temperature gradient between the blade to be manufactured and the matrix is increased, so that the thermal stress of a formed part cannot be reduced more efficiently; when the preheating temperature exceeds the range value, a certain influence is also caused on the surfaces of the substrate and the blade.
As a further improvement of the above technical solution, in step c, the range value of the ultrasonic amplitude is 0 to 50 μm.
Limiting the range of values of the ultrasonic amplitude helps to improve the forming quality of the formed part.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, in the step c, ultrasonic treatment is carried out when the blade deposits the odd layers, the ultrasonic vibration time is the time required by the blade to deposit the 2i-1 th layer, and the coefficient i is a natural number which is nonzero.
The time of the ultrasonic vibration and the point of the ultrasonic vibration response are defined to define an alternating ultrasonic treatment and application of an alternating magnetic field.
As a further improvement of the above technical solution, in step d, an alternating magnetic field is applied when the blade deposits an even number of layers, the time for applying the alternating magnetic field is the time required for the blade to deposit the 2 n-th layer, and the coefficient n is a natural number other than zero.
The time of application of the alternating magnetic field and the point of application of the alternating magnetic field response are defined to define an alternating sequence of ultrasonic treatment and application of the alternating magnetic field.
As a further improvement of the above technical solution, a pretreatment step is added before step a to remove the oxide layer on the surface of the substrate.
And removing the surface oxide layer to make the surface smooth, so that the subsequent operation of additive manufacturing is facilitated.
As a further improvement of the above technical solution, a step of washing the substrate with absolute ethanol is added before step a.
The absolute ethyl alcohol can easily wash away some fat-soluble substances which cannot be washed away by water; in addition, some elements cannot be washed with water, but absolute ethanol may be used; in addition, the absolute ethyl alcohol volatilizes fast, and the residual on the surface of the substrate can volatilize immediately after the substrate is washed, so that the subsequent operation is not influenced.
As a further improvement of the above technical scheme, after step e, a slow cooling heat preservation treatment is added, and the temperature range of the slow cooling heat preservation is 250 ℃ to 500 ℃.
After the additive manufacturing is finished, adding a step of slow cooling and heat preservation, namely carrying out slow cooling and heat preservation treatment on the formed piece, and slowing down the condition that cold cracks and hot cracks are generated on the formed piece due to higher cooling speed, so that the residual stress on the surface of the formed piece is reduced, and the comprehensive performance of the blade is improved.
The invention also provides a device for regulating and controlling the residual stress of the additive manufacturing, and a method for regulating and controlling the residual stress of the additive manufacturing, which comprises the following steps: the thermal field generating device comprises a cover body, a heating pipe and a temperature controller, wherein the heating pipe is connected in the cover body, and the temperature controller is electrically connected with the heating pipe; the ultrasonic generating device comprises an ultrasonic generator, an ultrasonic transducer and a luffing rod, wherein the ultrasonic generator is electrically connected with the ultrasonic transducer, and the ultrasonic transducer is connected with the luffing rod; the magnetic field generating device comprises a magnet and an energizing lead which are connected with each other.
Preheating a matrix by a thermal field generating device before additive manufacturing, so that the temperature gradient between a blade to be manufactured and the matrix can be reduced, and the thermal stress is reduced, thereby inhibiting the situation that cracks appear on the surface of a formed part; the heating pipe is arranged in the cover body, and the cover body can form a certain heat preservation effect; the specific heating temperature of the heating pipe can be limited under the control of the temperature controller; in the process of additive manufacturing, an ultrasonic generating device is added for ultrasonic treatment, ultrasonic vibration can interfere with the fusing behavior of a molten pool to a certain extent through cavitation effect and acoustic flow effect, coarse dendrites can be broken, tissues are uniformly distributed, the supercooling degree of the solidification process of the molten pool in the process of additive manufacturing can be increased, and the method is beneficial to enabling the tissues to be more compact and grains to be finer; switching on a power supply of an ultrasonic generator, converting power frequency alternating current into ultrasonic frequency electric signals by the power supply, transmitting the ultrasonic frequency electric signals to an ultrasonic transducer, converting the electric signals into mechanical vibration by the ultrasonic transducer, and amplifying the amplitude of the mechanical vibration by an amplitude transformer; in the process of additive manufacturing, a magnetic field generating device is added, the additive manufacturing is assisted by a magnetic field, after an alternating magnetic field is applied to a molten pool, liquid metal can form forward and reverse rotation movements according to a certain frequency, and convection of the molten pool metal is enhanced, so that external pressure for inhibiting bubble initiation is increased, and the porosity of a formed part is reduced; after the alternating current is applied to the magnet by the energizing wire, an alternating magnetic field is generated around the magnet.
As a further improvement of the above technical solution, further comprising: the clamping device comprises a clamping driving piece and clamping jaws, wherein the clamping driving piece is in driving connection with the clamping jaws; and the moving device is in driving connection with the clamping device and moves the clamping jaw into the cover body.
The clamping device can be driven to move under the drive of the moving device, so that the clamped substrate moves into the cover body.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are required to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below. It is evident that the drawings described are only some embodiments of the invention, but not all embodiments, and that other designs and drawings can be obtained from these drawings by a person skilled in the art without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of an apparatus for controlling additive manufacturing residual stress according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a cover in an apparatus for controlling additive manufacturing residual stress according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of an ultrasonic generating device in an apparatus for controlling residual stress of additive manufacturing according to the present invention.
In the figure, 1, a thermal field generating device; 11. a cover body; 12. heating pipes; 13. a temperature controller; 2. an ultrasonic generating device; 21. an ultrasonic generator; 22. an ultrasonic transducer; 23. a horn; 24. an auxiliary frame; 3. a magnetic field generating device; 31. a magnet; 32. energizing the wire; 33. a connecting rod; 34. connecting sleeves; 35. a connecting seat; 36. the connecting slide rail; 4. a clamping device; 41. clamping the driving member; 42. a clamping jaw; 5. a mobile device; 51. a frame body; 52. a cylinder; 53. a cam follower; 54. a connecting rod; 55. a connecting plate; 56. a bearing seat; 6. a laser processing head.
Detailed Description
The conception, specific structure, and technical effects produced by the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments and the drawings to fully understand the objects, features, and effects of the present invention. It is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments, and that other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive effort are within the scope of the present invention based on the embodiments of the present invention. In addition, all coupling/connection relationships mentioned herein do not refer to direct connection of the components, but rather, refer to the fact that a more optimal coupling structure may be formed by adding or subtracting coupling aids depending on the particular implementation. The technical features in the invention can be interactively combined on the premise of no contradiction and conflict.
With particular reference to figures 1 to 3.
The following is a specific embodiment of a method of modulating additive manufacturing residual stress.
A method of regulating additive manufacturing residual stress comprising the steps of:
step a: preheating a substrate; specifically, the basal body is a leaf disc, and the preheating time is 20min to 40min;
step b: processing the matrix, and carrying out blade additive manufacturing; in particular, the blisks are manufactured by laser additive to form the blade; in other embodiments, the laser additive manufacturing method is not necessarily used, but may be the other heat source additive manufacturing method;
step c: carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the substrate and the blade;
step d: applying an alternating magnetic field to the substrate and the blade;
step e: and (c) alternately repeating the step c and the step d until the operation of the step b is completed.
Preheating the matrix before additive manufacturing can reduce the temperature gradient between the blade to be manufactured and the matrix and reduce the thermal stress, thereby inhibiting the situation that cracks appear on the surface of a formed part; in the process of additive manufacturing, ultrasonic treatment is added, ultrasonic vibration can interfere with the fusing behavior of a molten pool to a certain extent through cavitation effect and acoustic flow effect, so that coarse dendrites can be broken, tissues are uniformly distributed, the supercooling degree of the molten pool in the solidification process of the additive manufacturing process can be increased, and the method is beneficial to enabling the tissues to be more compact and grains to be finer; in the process of additive manufacturing, the additive manufacturing is assisted by a magnetic field, and after an alternating magnetic field is applied to a molten pool, liquid metal can form rotary motion in a positive direction and a negative direction according to a certain frequency, so that convection of the molten pool metal is enhanced, external pressure for inhibiting bubble initiation is increased, and the porosity of a formed part is reduced; in addition, the ultrasonic treatment and the alternating magnetic field are alternately carried out, so that the influence between the ultrasonic treatment and the alternating magnetic field is reduced.
Further, the temperature range value of the preheating in step a is 650 ℃ to 750 ℃.
Setting a certain preheating temperature, when the preheating temperature is lower than a range value, the preheating effect is reduced along with the increase of a deposited layer, and the temperature gradient between the blade to be manufactured and the matrix is increased, so that the thermal stress of a formed part cannot be reduced more efficiently; when the preheating temperature exceeds the range value, a certain influence is also caused on the surfaces of the substrate and the blade.
Further, the range of values of the ultrasonic amplitude in step c is 0 to 50 μm.
Limiting the range of values of the ultrasonic amplitude helps to improve the forming quality of the formed part.
Further, in step c, ultrasonic treatment is performed when the blade deposits the odd number layer, the time of ultrasonic vibration is the time required for the blade to deposit the 2i-1 th layer, and the coefficient i is a natural number which is not zero.
The time of the ultrasonic vibration and the point of the ultrasonic vibration response are defined to define an alternating ultrasonic treatment and application of an alternating magnetic field.
In step d, an alternating magnetic field is applied when the blade deposits an even number of layers, the time for applying the alternating magnetic field is the time required for the blade to deposit a 2 n-th layer, and the coefficient n is a natural number which is not zero.
The time of application of the alternating magnetic field and the point of application of the alternating magnetic field response are defined to define an alternating sequence of ultrasonic treatment and application of the alternating magnetic field.
Further, before step a, a pretreatment step is added to remove the oxide layer on the surface of the substrate, specifically, sandpaper is generally used to polish the surface of the substrate, so that the oxide layer on the surface of the substrate is removed, and the surface of the substrate is smoother and cleaner.
And removing the surface oxide layer to make the surface smooth, so that the subsequent operation of additive manufacturing is facilitated.
Furthermore, before step a, a step of washing the substrate with absolute ethyl alcohol is added, wherein the absolute ethyl alcohol can easily wash away some fat-soluble substances which cannot be washed away by water, in addition, some elements cannot be washed away by water, but can be washed by the absolute ethyl alcohol, and finally, the absolute ethyl alcohol volatilizes the block, and residues on the surface of the substrate can volatilize immediately after the washing is finished.
The absolute ethyl alcohol can easily wash away some fat-soluble substances which cannot be washed away by water; in addition, some elements cannot be washed with water, but absolute ethanol may be used; in addition, the absolute ethyl alcohol volatilizes fast, and the residual on the surface of the substrate can volatilize immediately after the substrate is washed, so that the subsequent operation is not influenced.
Further, after the step e, adding a slow cooling heat preservation treatment, wherein the temperature range of the slow cooling heat preservation is 250-500 ℃; specifically, the heat preservation time is 1h to 3h, and when the heat preservation operation of the step is performed, the substrate can be transferred into the component corresponding to the step a for heat preservation.
After the additive manufacturing is finished, adding a step of slow cooling and heat preservation, namely, carrying out slow cooling and heat preservation on the formed piece, and slowing down the condition that the formed piece generates cold cracks and hot cracks due to higher cooling speed, so that the residual stress on the surface of the formed piece is reduced, and the comprehensive performance of the blade is improved.
The following is a specific embodiment of an apparatus for regulating additive manufacturing residual stress.
An apparatus for regulating and controlling the residual stress of additive manufacturing is applied to a method for regulating and controlling the residual stress of additive manufacturing, and comprises a thermal field generating device 1, an ultrasonic generating device 2 and a magnetic field generating device 3.
The thermal field generating device 1 includes a housing 11, a heating pipe 12, and a temperature controller 13.
Specifically, the cover 11 is provided with an opening, the opening is upward, the material of the cover 11 is a heat insulation material, and the inner cavity of the cover 11 is cylindrical; the heating pipe 12 is arranged on the inner side of the cover body 11 in a surrounding manner, and the heating pipe 12 is electrically connected with the temperature controller 13; the resolution of the temperature controller 13 is 0.2 ℃, the power of the temperature controller 13 is 5kw, and the preheating temperature before the laser additive manufacturing and the slow cooling heat preservation temperature after the laser additive manufacturing are regulated and controlled by the temperature controller 13.
Specifically, the inner side of the cover 11 is drilled, thermocouples are embedded in the corresponding holes, and the thermocouples can feed information back to the temperature controller 13.
The ultrasonic generating device is located beside the cover 11.
The ultrasonic generating device 2 includes an ultrasonic generator 21, an ultrasonic transducer 22, and a horn 23.
Specifically, the frequency of the ultrasonic vibration is 20khz to 30khz, and the ultrasonic power is 100w to 400w.
The ultrasonic generator 21 is electrically connected with the ultrasonic transducer 22; the ultrasonic transducer 22 is connected to the horn 23.
Specifically, the ultrasonic generating device 2 further comprises an auxiliary frame 24, the auxiliary frame 24 is rotationally connected with the ultrasonic transducer 22, the size of an included angle formed between the ultrasonic transducer 22 and the horizontal plane is changed through the auxiliary frame 24, the range of the included angle is 30-90 degrees, and the range is set to enable ultrasonic waves to act on the blade being manufactured in a laser additive mode to the greatest extent; the auxiliary frame 24 includes a chassis and an auxiliary ring rotatably coupled to the chassis, a bolt coupled between the auxiliary ring and the chassis to define a rotational position between the auxiliary ring and the chassis, and the auxiliary ring is sleeved on an outer sidewall of the ultrasonic transducer 22.
In other embodiments, the auxiliary frame 24 may have other structures, where the auxiliary frame 24 includes an upper rod and a lower rod, the top of the upper rod is connected to the ultrasonic transducer 22, the bottom of the upper rod is rotatably connected to the lower rod through a universal ball, and the rotation angle between the upper rod and the lower rod is changed by rotating the universal ball.
The power supply of the ultrasonic generator 21 is connected, the power supply converts the power frequency alternating current into an ultrasonic frequency electric signal and then transmits the ultrasonic frequency electric signal to the ultrasonic transducer 22, the ultrasonic transducer 22 converts the electric signal into mechanical vibration, and then the amplitude of the mechanical vibration is amplified through the amplitude transformer 23.
The magnetic field generating device 3 includes a magnet 31 and an energizing wire 32; specifically, magnet 31 has a U-shape; the energizing wire 32 is wound around the magnet 31; the magnetic field generating device 3 further comprises a connecting rod 33 and a connecting seat 35, the connecting rod 33 is connected with the magnet 31 through a connecting sleeve 34, the connecting sleeve 34 is sleeved on the outer side wall of the magnet 31, and the bottom of the connecting rod 33 is connected with the connecting seat 35.
The magnetic field generating device 3 further comprises a connecting sliding rail 36, and the connecting seat 35 is slidably connected to the connecting sliding rail 36.
The amplitude of the magnetic field generating means 3 is 20mt to 60mt and the frequency of the magnetic field generating means 3 is 0hz to 25hz.
The laser power of the laser processing head 6 is set to 0.5kw to 1kw, and the scanning speed of the laser processing head 6 is set to 300 to 500mm/min.
The matrix is preheated by the thermal field generating device 1 before the additive manufacturing, so that the temperature gradient between the blade to be manufactured and the matrix can be reduced, the thermal stress is reduced, and the situation that cracks appear on the surface of a formed part is restrained; the heating pipe 12 is arranged in the cover 11, and the cover 11 can form a certain heat preservation effect; the specific heating temperature of the heating pipe 12 can be defined under the control of the temperature controller 13; in the process of additive manufacturing, an ultrasonic generating device is added for ultrasonic treatment, ultrasonic vibration can interfere with the fusing behavior of a molten pool to a certain extent through cavitation effect and acoustic flow effect, coarse dendrites can be broken, tissues are uniformly distributed, the supercooling degree of the solidification process of the molten pool in the process of additive manufacturing can be increased, and the method is beneficial to enabling the tissues to be more compact and grains to be finer; the power supply of the ultrasonic generator 21 is connected, the power supply converts power frequency alternating current into ultrasonic frequency electric signals and then transmits the ultrasonic frequency electric signals to the ultrasonic transducer 22, the ultrasonic transducer 22 converts the electric signals into mechanical vibration, and then the amplitude of the mechanical vibration is amplified through the amplitude transformer 23; in the process of additive manufacturing, a magnetic field generating device 3 is added, and the additive manufacturing is assisted by a magnetic field, so that after an alternating magnetic field is applied to a molten pool, liquid metal can form positive and negative two-direction rotary motion according to a certain frequency, the convection of the molten pool metal is enhanced, the external pressure for inhibiting bubble initiation is increased, and the porosity of a formed part is reduced; when an alternating current is applied to magnet 31 through current lead 32, an alternating magnetic field is generated around magnet 31.
Further, a clamping device 4 and a moving device 5 are also included.
The clamping device 4 comprises a clamping driving member 41 and clamping jaws 42, wherein the clamping driving member 41 drives the clamping jaws 42 to move and enable the clamping jaws 42 to clamp a substrate, in particular, the clamping jaws 42 are four-jaw chucks, and the clamping driving member 41 is a main shaft driving motor box.
Specifically, in order to improve the safety during laser additive manufacturing and avoid damage to the side wall of the substrate when the clamping jaws clamp the substrate, a pressure sensor is arranged on the substrate, and when the pressure sensor senses that the pressure suddenly increases to be greater than or equal to a set threshold value, the clamping jaws can stop clamping the substrate.
The moving device 5 drives the clamping device 4 to move, and moves the clamping jaw 42 into the cover 11.
Specifically, the moving device 5 includes a frame 51, an air cylinder 52, a cam follower 53, a link 54, a connection plate 55, and a bearing housing 56; the cylinder 52 is connected to the frame 51; the cylinder 52 drives the connection plate 55, and moves the connection plate 55 in the up-down direction; the bearing seat 56 is rotatably connected to the frame body 51, and the bearing seat 56 is connected with the clamping jaw; one end of the connecting rod 54 is connected with the bearing seat 56, and the other end of the connecting rod 54 is connected with a roller of the cam follower 53; the cam follower 53 is connected to the connection plate 55.
The clamping device 4 can be driven to move by the moving device 5, so that the clamped substrate moves into the cover 11.
In using an apparatus for regulating residual stress of additive manufacturing according to the present invention, the clamping jaw 42 clamps the substrate, the heating pipe 12 is controlled to be started or stopped by the temperature controller 13 to limit the temperature in the cover 11, and the clamped substrate is extended into the cover 11 by the moving device 5 to perform preheating operation.
After the preheating is finished, the moving device 5 drives the clamping jaw 42 again, the clamping jaw 42 takes the substrate out of the cover 11 to a position close to the laser processing head 6, and the laser processing head 6 performs laser additive manufacturing.
Then rotating to a position close to the amplitude transformer 23, and then performing ultrasonic treatment; in addition, the connecting seat 35 moves on the connecting sliding rail 36 to drive the magnet 31 to approach the substrate, and an alternating magnetic field is applied through the magnet 31; the magnetic field generating device 3 and the ultrasonic generating device 2 are alternately started until the laser additive manufacturing is completed.
At this time, the moving device 5 drives the clamping jaw 42 again, and the clamping jaw 42 stretches the substrate into the cover 11 again for slow cooling and heat preservation.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and various equivalent modifications and substitutions can be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and these are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A method of regulating additive manufacturing residual stress comprising the steps of:
step a: preheating a substrate;
step b: processing the matrix, and carrying out blade additive manufacturing;
step c: carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the substrate and the blade, carrying out ultrasonic treatment when the blade deposits an odd number of layers, wherein the ultrasonic vibration time is the time required by the blade to deposit the 2i-1 th layer, and the coefficient i is a nonzero natural number;
step d: applying an alternating magnetic field to the substrate and the blades, applying the alternating magnetic field when the blades deposit even layers, wherein the time for applying the alternating magnetic field is the time required by the blades to deposit the 2n layer, and the coefficient n is a non-zero natural number;
step e: and (c) alternately repeating the step c and the step d until the operation of the step b is completed.
2. A method of regulating additive manufacturing residual stress according to claim 1, wherein in step a, the preheated temperature range is 650 ℃ to 750 ℃.
3. A method of modulating additive manufacturing residual stress according to claim 1, wherein in step c, the range of ultrasonic amplitude values is 0 to 50 μm.
4. A method of modulating additive manufacturing residual stress according to claim 1, wherein a pretreatment step is added before step a to remove oxide layer on the substrate surface.
5. A method of modulating additive manufacturing residual stress according to claim 1, wherein a step of washing the substrate with absolute ethanol is added prior to step a.
6. A method of controlling additive manufacturing residual stress according to claim 1, wherein after step e, a slow cooling soak treatment is added, the temperature of the slow cooling soak being in the range of 250 ℃ to 500 ℃.
7. An apparatus for regulating additive manufacturing residual stress, wherein a method for regulating additive manufacturing residual stress according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is applied, comprising:
the thermal field generating device comprises a cover body, a heating pipe and a temperature controller, wherein the heating pipe is connected in the cover body, and the temperature controller is electrically connected with the heating pipe;
the ultrasonic generating device comprises an ultrasonic generator, an ultrasonic transducer and a luffing rod, wherein the ultrasonic generator is electrically connected with the ultrasonic transducer, and the ultrasonic transducer is connected with the luffing rod;
the magnetic field generating device comprises a magnet and an energizing lead which are connected with each other.
8. The apparatus for regulating additive manufacturing residual stress of claim 7, further comprising:
the clamping device comprises a clamping driving piece and clamping jaws, wherein the clamping driving piece is in driving connection with the clamping jaws;
and the moving device is in driving connection with the clamping device and moves the clamping jaw into the cover body.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310193057.7A CN116372188B (en) | 2023-03-01 | 2023-03-01 | Method and device for regulating and controlling residual stress of additive manufacturing |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310193057.7A CN116372188B (en) | 2023-03-01 | 2023-03-01 | Method and device for regulating and controlling residual stress of additive manufacturing |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN116372188A CN116372188A (en) | 2023-07-04 |
| CN116372188B true CN116372188B (en) | 2024-01-30 |
Family
ID=86973993
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310193057.7A Active CN116372188B (en) | 2023-03-01 | 2023-03-01 | Method and device for regulating and controlling residual stress of additive manufacturing |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN116372188B (en) |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2010051675A1 (en) * | 2008-11-05 | 2010-05-14 | 江苏大学 | A method of synthesizing metal-based composite material by melt reaction in coupling magnetic field and ultrasonic field |
| CN108296484A (en) * | 2018-01-30 | 2018-07-20 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | The quick forming method of marmem labyrinth based on more assistant regulating and controllings |
| CN109623100A (en) * | 2019-01-14 | 2019-04-16 | 南京航空航天大学 | A kind of electric arc increasing material and electric assisting ultrasonic shock peening composite manufacturing method and device |
| CN110421167A (en) * | 2019-08-14 | 2019-11-08 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of method of inductance ultrasonic coupling auxiliary Direct Laser deposited metal material |
| CN111318701A (en) * | 2020-04-01 | 2020-06-23 | 大连理工大学 | Residual stress control method in additive manufacturing process of thin-wall special-shaped metal component |
| CN112139497A (en) * | 2020-09-21 | 2020-12-29 | 大连理工大学 | High-temperature integral preheating auxiliary additive manufacturing device and method |
| CN113579479A (en) * | 2021-07-08 | 2021-11-02 | 武汉理工大学 | Ultrasonic coupling electromagnetic stirring assisted laser additive manufacturing method |
-
2023
- 2023-03-01 CN CN202310193057.7A patent/CN116372188B/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2010051675A1 (en) * | 2008-11-05 | 2010-05-14 | 江苏大学 | A method of synthesizing metal-based composite material by melt reaction in coupling magnetic field and ultrasonic field |
| CN108296484A (en) * | 2018-01-30 | 2018-07-20 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | The quick forming method of marmem labyrinth based on more assistant regulating and controllings |
| CN109623100A (en) * | 2019-01-14 | 2019-04-16 | 南京航空航天大学 | A kind of electric arc increasing material and electric assisting ultrasonic shock peening composite manufacturing method and device |
| CN110421167A (en) * | 2019-08-14 | 2019-11-08 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of method of inductance ultrasonic coupling auxiliary Direct Laser deposited metal material |
| CN111318701A (en) * | 2020-04-01 | 2020-06-23 | 大连理工大学 | Residual stress control method in additive manufacturing process of thin-wall special-shaped metal component |
| CN112139497A (en) * | 2020-09-21 | 2020-12-29 | 大连理工大学 | High-temperature integral preheating auxiliary additive manufacturing device and method |
| CN113579479A (en) * | 2021-07-08 | 2021-11-02 | 武汉理工大学 | Ultrasonic coupling electromagnetic stirring assisted laser additive manufacturing method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN116372188A (en) | 2023-07-04 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US11110513B2 (en) | Combined ultrasonic micro-forging device for improving microstructure and mechanical properties of additive manufactured metal parts, and a related additive manufacturing method | |
| CN110421167B (en) | Method for depositing metal material by direct laser assisted by inductive ultrasonic coupling | |
| CN106363173A (en) | Ultrasonic-assisted laser material additive manufacturing device and realization method thereof | |
| CN108356266B (en) | Method for ultrasonic-assisted laser near-net forming of titanium-nickel alloy gradient material | |
| CN110643996A (en) | Micro-rolling and ultrasonic-assisted laser cladding device | |
| CN206109466U (en) | Supersound surface rolling intensifying apparatus is assisted to low temperature | |
| CN205497131U (en) | Improve compound plane grinding system of supersound ELID of oxide film quality | |
| CN107457382B (en) | Semi-solid rheologic die casting apparatus for producing | |
| CN107675172A (en) | Laser cladding device and method based on ultrasonic-Lorentz force composite vibration | |
| CN113084195B (en) | Method and device for reducing fusion air hole defects of laser powder bed | |
| CN211170898U (en) | Micro-rolling and ultrasonic-assisted laser cladding device | |
| CN113579479A (en) | Ultrasonic coupling electromagnetic stirring assisted laser additive manufacturing method | |
| CN101284341A (en) | Integrated device of ultrasound auxiliary electric spark deposition and repair and ultrasound polish and method thereof | |
| CN116372188B (en) | Method and device for regulating and controlling residual stress of additive manufacturing | |
| CN111041473A (en) | Method for preparing ultrahigh-speed laser cladding layer by magnetic preheating and stirring assistance | |
| CN107900339B (en) | Ultrasonic vibration 3D printing device and printing method | |
| WO2023077606A1 (en) | Method for repairing surface cracks of shaft parts | |
| CN105666253A (en) | Ultrasonic ELID (Electrolytic In-process Dressing) compound plane grinding system and method for improving quality of oxidation film | |
| CN107214341B (en) | A kind of steel-wear-resistant copper alloy stratiform bush material, its preparation facilities and preparation method | |
| CN113695992A (en) | Vibration-assisted roller type magnetorheological laser composite polishing device | |
| CN109909571B (en) | Method for preparing foamed aluminum sandwich plate through electromagnetic ultrasonic brazing | |
| CN111390410A (en) | Ultrasonic vibration GTAW composite device based on sound-heat synchronization and use method | |
| CN111001777A (en) | Composite field treatment and high-pressure extrusion forming method for iron-containing aluminum alloy | |
| CN114713943B (en) | Ultrasonic vibration coupling magnetic field assisted arc fuse additive manufacturing system | |
| CN113909718B (en) | Welding system and method for reducing aluminum alloy laser-arc composite welding pores |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |