CN116291812A - 内燃发动机布置的排气净化设备 - Google Patents
内燃发动机布置的排气净化设备 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN116291812A CN116291812A CN202211640810.4A CN202211640810A CN116291812A CN 116291812 A CN116291812 A CN 116291812A CN 202211640810 A CN202211640810 A CN 202211640810A CN 116291812 A CN116291812 A CN 116291812A
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- Prior art keywords
- exhaust gas
- catalytic
- pivot axis
- internal combustion
- combustion engine
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- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
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- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
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- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 26
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 170
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- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
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- 238000013500 data storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
- F02M26/14—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories in relation to the exhaust system
- F02M26/15—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories in relation to the exhaust system in relation to engine exhaust purifying apparatus
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- F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
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- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
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- F02D41/0255—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to accelerate the warming-up of the exhaust gas treating apparatus at engine start
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- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
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Abstract
本发明涉及内燃发动机布置(10)的排气净化设备(12)。排气净化设备(12)包括具有壳体(16)并且具有布置在其中的至少一个具有催化活性催化剂基质(42)的至少一个催化排气处理单元(14),并且包括用于将排气流的至少一部分从布置在催化排气处理单元(14)下游的位置可控制地输送到布置在催化剂基质(42)上游的通向催化排气处理单元(14)的位置的排气再循环区段(50)。根据本发明,催化排气处理单元(14)具有安装在壳体(16)中的刚性转向板(30),以便能够至少在冷启动位置和正常操作位置之间可控制地枢转,并且刚性转向板具有在虚拟枢转轴线(38)上游的板部件(32)和在虚拟枢转轴线(38)下游的板部件(34)。这里,在冷启动位置中,在虚拟枢转轴线(38)上游的板部件(32)部分地覆盖催化剂基质(42)上游的催化排气处理单元(14)的入口流动横截面,并且在虚拟枢转轴线(38)下游的板部件(34)对于流入的排气(28)形成用于分流到催化剂基质(42)的部分区域(44)上的分流元件。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及如权利要求1的前序部分的内燃发动机布置的排气净化设备,其具有至少一个催化排气处理单元,并且具有排气再循环区段,该排气再循环区段用于将排气流的至少一部分从布置在催化排气处理单元下游的位置输送到布置在催化剂基质上游的通向催化排气处理单元的位置。
背景技术
在内燃发动机的排气净化领域中,为了遵守法律法规,使用催化转化器进行排气后处理是已知的。诸如碳氢化合物(HC)、一氧化碳CO和/或氮氧化物NOx的污染物使用催化活性物质(例如铂、铑或钯等贵金属)转化为无害物质(二氧化碳CO2、氮气N2、水),所述催化活性物质应用于催化转化器内的基质材料。
受控三元催化转化器广泛用于汽油发动机的排气的净化。对于柴油发动机,已知使用柴油氧化催化转化器(DOC)来减少排气中的一氧化碳和碳氢化合物。为了从柴油发动机的排气中去除氮氧化物,使用了NOx储存催化转化器和SCR(“选择性催化还原”)催化转化器,其中注入尿素溶液以还原氮氧化物以形成氮气和水。可以使用柴油微粒过滤器(DPF)从柴油发动机的排气中去除烟灰微粒,柴油微粒过滤器通常通过在预定温度下燃烧掉所存储的烟灰而再生。
使用催化转化器进行排气净化的一个特别困难在于,在内燃发动机冷启动时,催化活性物质低于其起燃温度。
因此,在现有技术中,已经提出了使催化转化器尽快达到高于其起燃温度的工作温度的解决方案。
例如,US2009/0183496A1公开了一种排气净化设备,该排气净化设备包括形成由内燃发动机排放的排气在其中流动的排气通道的排气管,包括具有布置在排气管线中的催化转化器的催化转化器单元,包括能够检测布置在催化转化器单元中的催化转化器的温度的催化转化器温度检测设备,并且包括节气门单元,其设置在催化转化器单元的上游侧和下游侧中的至少一个中,并且如果催化转化器温度检测设备检测到的催化转化器的温度低于催化转化器的激活温度,通过节气门单元,在排气管线中流动的排气可以被引入催化转化器单元的仅一部分中。这种控制可以在从柴油内燃发动机启动的早期开始的短时间段内快速提高催化转化器的温度。节气门单元具有第一和第二板状阀元件,第一和第二板状阀元件可在排气通道内彼此独立地枢转,以便覆盖或打开排气通道的横截面的相应部分。当催化转化器达到其激活温度时,节气门单元命令第一和第二阀元件完全打开。这减少了排气的压力损失,因为排气被供应到整个催化转化器。
此外,在现有技术中还已知,在内燃发动机的某些工况下,例如在冷启动时,内燃发动机的一部分排气在流动通过一个或更多个催化转化器之后再循环到催化转化器。再循环的排气导致通过冷催化转化器组件的排气质量流量增加,从而也会增加向冷催化转化器组件中引入的热量。这样,可以更快地达到或稳定催化转化器的期望起燃温度。
例如,KR100301659 B1提出了一种用于净化内燃发动机排气的设备。该设备通过以下方式提高排气的净化效率:(i)在冷启动期间和催化转化器激活之前再循环排气,以及(ii)通过同时引入二次空气激活催化转化器反应。
该用于净化排气的设备包括用于通过催化剂净化排气的催化转化器、二次空气供给设备、排气再循环管和排气切换热元件。在发动机冷启动期间,通过二次空气供给设备引入环境空气,以便利用排气流出产生的负压效应来增加引入催化转化器的排气的氧浓度。在发动机冷启动时,通过催化转化器的排气通过排气管被再循环到催化转化器的前入口。在催化转化器的非激活状态下,排气切换热元件通过热变形操作,使得通过催化转化器传导的排气不被排放到后部,而是通过排气再循环管再循环。
此外,JP 2006–257920A描述了一种排气排放控制设备。排气排放控制设备包括布置在排气的上游侧的氧化催化转化器、布置在氧化催化转化器的下游侧的具有壁流结构的微粒过滤器主体、以及排气再循环设备,其用于将氧化催化转化器和微粒过滤器主体之间的氧化催化转化器的出口气体的至少一部分供给到氧化催化转化器上游侧的排气中。排气再循环设备可以通过以下形成:连接氧化催化转化器主体上游的排气通道和下游侧的排气通道、形成旁通氧化催化转化器主体的旁通通道、以及布置泵以通过旁通通道将排气从氧化催化转化器主体的下游侧供给到上游侧。
由于氧化催化转化器的出口气体的至少一部分通过排气再循环设备再次通过氧化催化转化器,从而促进已经沉积在微粒过滤器主体上的微粒的氧化和自然燃烧。因此,可以使微粒过滤器主体连续再生,同时防止压力损失的增加。由于氧化催化转化器主体的温度升高,氧化活性进一步提高,并且碳氢化合物(HC)和CO的净化率提高。
US780931B2公开了一种排气处理***,该排气处理***包括氧化催化转换器,特别是柴油氧化催化转换器,该氧化催化转换器被配置为接收由内燃发动机(特别是柴油内燃发动机)产生的排气和流动通过氧化催化转换器的暖排气,特别是柴油微粒过滤器,其被配置为接收变暖的排气,并且包括再循环回路,其被设置为接收氧化催化转化器下游的一部分加热的排气并将其供给到内燃发动机下游和氧化催化转化器上游的一部分排气中,其中,所述再循环回路还被配置为将所述氧化催化转化器的温度升高到起燃温度以上,以便使微粒过滤器能够再生。排气处理***可以具有燃料喷射喷嘴,该燃料喷射喷嘴被配置为将燃料喷射到氧化催化转化器上游的流动通道中,以便启动放热反应,该放热反应使流动通过氧化催化转化器的排气变暖。
排气处理***的一个或更多个组件可以包括被配置为使排气能够通过再循环回路进行再循环的一个或更多个泵、压缩机或其他***。此外,还可根据需要使用阀门、支管、冷却器、加热器和/或其他设备来调节排气流。
此外,DE102019122917A1提出了一种内燃发动机布置,该内燃发动机布置包括内燃发动机、具有压缩机和涡轮的机械增压器、具有NOx储存催化转换器的排气再循环设备以及具有在排气后处理设备下游的入口的低压排气再循环流动通道。提供了从低压排气再循环流动通道分支的流动通道,该流动通道包括第一阀、布置在第一阀下游的鼓风机、布置在鼓风机下游的加热器和布置在排气后处理设备上游的出口,该出口通向机械增压器的涡轮下游的排气流动通道。
如果检测到NOx储存催化转化器的再生需求并且内燃发动机的扭矩或负载低于设定的阈值,则关闭低压排气再循环阀,并且内燃发动机可选地以高压排气再循环操作。内燃发动机可以继续以稀燃烧操作,从而避免了明显的扭矩波动。基于直接在NOx储存催化转化器上游检测到的燃烧空气比,通过燃料喷射器将一定量的燃料喷射到直接在NOx储存催化转化器上游的排气流动通道中,以便产生富燃料-空气混合物。同时,打开第一阀并启动鼓风机,以实现高的排气再循环流量,从而可以将要喷射的燃料的量最小化。通过热排气的再循环,可以有利地利用排气处理设备内的放热反应来提高NOx储存催化转化器的再生效率。排气再循环可以通过适当设置排气阀的开度来控制。
鉴于现有技术,内燃发动机,特别是柴油内燃发动机的排气净化设备领域仍有改进的空间。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种内燃发动机布置、特别是柴油内燃发动机的排气净化设备,该排气净化设备在冷启动条件或低负载条件下允许催化活性物质尽可能快地变暖至等于或高于其起燃温度的温度,并且在这样做起作用而不会显著增加CO2排放。
根据本发明,该目的通过具有权利要求1的特征的内燃发动机的排气净化设备实现。此外,该目的还通过根据权利要求9的柴油内燃发动机布置实现。本发明的进一步特别有利的改进在从属子条款中公开。
注意,以下描述中单独指定的特征和措施可以以任何技术上有意义的方式彼此组合,并揭示本发明的进一步改进。本说明书特别是结合附图附加地描述和规定了本发明。
根据本发明的内燃发动机布置的排气净化设备包括具有壳体并且具有布置在壳体中的至少一个催化活性催化剂基质的至少一个催化排气处理单元,并且包括排气再循环区段,该排气再循环区段被提供用于将排气流的至少一部分从布置在排气处理单元下游的位置可控制地输送到布置在催化剂基质上游的位置进入排气处理单元。
这里,催化排气处理单元具有刚性转向板,所述刚性转向板安装在壳体内以便能够至少在冷启动位置和正常操作位置之间围绕虚拟枢转轴线可控制地枢转,其中所述虚拟枢转轴线相对于流入所述排气处理单元的排气的流动方向横向地并且平行于所述转向板的表面延伸。刚性转向板还具有在虚拟枢转轴线上游的板部件和在虚拟枢转轴线下游的板部件,其中,在冷启动位置中,在虚拟枢转轴线上游的板部件部分地覆盖所述催化剂基质上游的所述排气处理单元的入口流动横截面,并且在虚拟枢转轴线下游的板部件对于流入的排气形成用于分流到所述催化剂基质的部分区域上的分流元件。
在本发明的上下文中,表述“提供用于”应特别理解为意指为此目的专门编程、配置或布置的。在本发明的上下文中,表述“催化剂基质”应理解为包括但不限于柴油氧化催化转化器、NOx储存催化转化器和SCR催化转化器。
通过位于冷启动位置的所提出的刚性转向板,在一种适当的改进中,在排气再循环期间,例如在内燃发动机冷启动时,可以基本上防止排气流的再循环部分和当前从内燃发动机流入催化排气处理单元的排气的混合,并且使当前从内燃发动机流入催化排气处理单元的排气集中在催化活性催化剂基质的一部分上。
由于当前从内燃发动机流入催化排气处理单元的排气比再循环排气更热并且仅流动通过催化活性催化剂基质的一部分,流入的排气的温度和与催化转化器区域相关的排气质量流量都增加,由此可以在催化活性催化剂基质的这部分中更快地达到期望的起燃温度。
比当前流入的排气稍冷的再循环排气流可用于使催化活性催化剂基质的剩余部分变暖。然而,催化活性催化剂基质的剩余部分也由于来自催化剂基质的该部分的方向的热流而经历温度升高,该部分被当前从内燃发动机流入催化排气处理单元的排气加热。因此总体上实现了整个催化活性催化剂基质可以在更短的时间内达到所需的起燃温度。这里,可以省略燃料到催化排气处理单元的喷射和转换,从而避免CO2排放的增加。
即使在内燃发动机的低负载条件下,例如在交通队列中的相对长的怠速阶段,也可以有利地使用所提出的排气净化设备。由于在相对较高的温度下相对于催化转化器区域具有较大的排气质量流量,当前从内燃发动机流入催化排气处理单元的排气可以将其流过的催化活性催化剂基质的那部分保持在起燃温度或高于起燃温度,并防止由于冷却而失活。比当前流入的排气更冷的再循环排气流继续使催化活性催化剂基质的剩余部分变暖。以此方式,可以避免催化排气处理单元的完全失活,并且可以更快地获得催化排气处理单元的最佳工况。
在排气净化设备的优选实施例中,排气再循环具有排气出口单元,该排气出口单元布置在壳体中催化剂基质的上游,并且布置在虚拟枢转轴线的下游。这样,在设计上可以以特别简单的方式防止排气流的再循环部分和当前从内燃发动机流入催化排气处理单元的排气的混合。
排气出口单元优选地具有多个出口喷嘴,其出口开口朝向下游取向。在本发明的上下文中,表述“多个”应特别理解为指至少两个的数目。以此方式,可以基本上防止排气流的再循环部分的侧向流动或向上游的流动,并且可以以特别有效的方式防止排气流的再循环部分和当前从内燃发动机流入催化排气处理单元的排气的混合。
在排气净化设备的优选实施例中,在冷启动位置中,至少虚拟枢转轴线上游的板部件适合于壳体的内表面部件的轮廓。通过所提出的调整,可以实现排气流的再循环部分和当前从内燃发动机流入催化排气处理单元的排气的有效分离,并且可以以特别有效的方式防止其混合。
优选地,用于将流入的排气转向到催化剂基质的部分区域上的虚拟枢转轴线下游的板部件具有面向流入的排气的凹曲率。以此方式,在设计方面可以以特别简单的方式将动量的有利变化赋予流入的排气,动量的变化抵抗了与排气流的再循环部分的混合。
在排气净化设备的优选实施例中,安装成可围绕虚拟枢转轴线枢转的刚性转向板可控制在冷启动位置和正常操作位置之间的任何位置。通过假定冷启动位置和正常操作位置之间的位置,有利地可以将催化活性催化剂基质可变地分成再循环排气流过的部分和当前从内燃发动机流入催化排气处理单元的排气流过的部分。通过所提供的用于可变地分割催化活性催化剂基质的设施,其变暖可以适应于主要的环境温度条件和/或内燃发动机的负载条件。
催化排气处理单元优选地包括柴油氧化催化转化器和NOx储存催化转化器中的至少一个,并且可选地包括下游柴油微粒过滤器。以这种方式配置的排气净化设备可以有利地用于柴油内燃发动机布置中。
在排气净化设备的优选实施例中,壳体具有第一壳体部件和第二截头圆锥形壳体部件,第一壳体部件具有用于容纳催化活性催化剂基质的椭圆形横截面区域,第二截头圆锥形壳体部件用于容纳可枢转地安装的刚性转向板,第二壳体部件通过较大基部的边缘邻接第一壳体部件的上游端。在该实施例中,可以为刚性转向板的安装以及冷启动位置和正常操作位置的定义提供特别有利的空间和流动条件。
本申请中使用的“第一”、“第二”等表述仅用于区分的目的。特别地,其使用不旨在暗示结合这些表达提及的对象的顺序或优先级。
在本发明的另一方面,提出了一种柴油内燃发动机布置,其具有柴油内燃发动机并且配备有根据本发明的排气净化设备的实施例。柴油内燃发动机布置还包括用于确定表征排气净化设备和柴油内燃发动机的工况的物理变量的传感器单元,以及具有至少一个执行器的电子控制单元。电子控制单元可操作地连接到传感器单元,并且被设置为通过至少一个执行器以取决于传感器单元确定的变量的预定选择的方式将至少可枢转地安装的刚性转向板控制到预定位置。
附图说明
本发明的进一步有利的改进在从属权利要求和附图的以下描述中公开,其中:
图1是内燃发动机布置的示意图,该内燃发动机布置被配置为柴油内燃发动机布置并且具有根据本发明的排气净化设备,以及
图2是根据图1的根据本发明的排气净化设备的平面图的示意性详细说明,以及
图3显示了根据图1的排气净化设备的排气再循环区段的排气出口单元的示意性前视图。
具体实施方式
在不同的附图中,相同的部件总是用相同的附图标记表示,因此,所述部件通常也只描述一次。
图1是具有根据本发明的排气净化设备12的内燃发动机布置10的一个可能实施例的示意图。在本实施例中,内燃发动机布置10被配置为柴油内燃发动机布置,其中柴油内燃发动机60作为内燃发动机60。
内燃发动机布置10包括具有入口歧管62和排气歧管64的内燃发动机60、具有用于对空气加压的压缩机部件68和被设置在与压缩机部件68共同的轴上并由从内燃发动机60流出的排气驱动的涡轮部件70的涡轮增压器66。以已知的方式,压缩机部件68通过空气滤清器72从周围吸入空气,并通过用于冷却压缩后的空气的增压空气冷却器74将所述空气以压缩形式引入内燃发动机60的入口歧管62中。
内燃发动机布置10还包括高压排气再循环设备78,其连接在出口歧管64和入口歧管62之间并且具有高压排气再循环阀80。
内燃发动机布置10配备有排气净化设备12,该排气净化设备位于涡轮增压器66的涡轮部件70的下游端和出口止回瓣阀76之间。排气净化设备12包括催化排气处理单元14。催化排气处理单元14具有金属壳体16,并具有布置在壳体16中的催化活性催化剂基质42。催化活性催化剂基质42构造为柴油氧化催化转化器,其在上游侧处被布置在壳体16中,并且其下游是与壳体16中的柴油氧化催化转化器集成的柴油微粒过滤器48。
排气净化设备12还包括排气再循环区段50,该排气再循环区段具有可电动操作的涡轮机52以及控制阀54,涡轮机52可以构造为风扇或压缩机。排气再循环区段50设置在催化排气处理单元14的壳体16的下游端和催化排气处理单元14中的位于催化活性催化剂基质42的上游的位置之间。排气再循环区段50用于将一定比例的排气流从布置在催化排气处理单元14下游的位置可控地输送到布置在催化活性催化剂基质42上游的通向催化排气处理单元14的位置。
为了完整性,应当注意,内燃发动机10具有低压排气再循环设备82,该低压排气再循环设备以已知的方式布置在催化排气处理单元14的壳体16的下游端和涡轮增压器66的压缩机部件68之间,并且包括排气冷却器84和排气再循环阀86。内燃发动机10原则上可以使用而高压排气再循环设备78和低压排气再循环设备82二者操作。
图2显示了催化排气处理单元14的壳体16的上游端的平面示意图。壳体16具有第一壳体部件18和第二中空截头圆锥形壳体部件22,第一壳体部件具有用于容纳催化活性催化剂基质42和柴油微粒过滤器48的椭圆形横截面区域,第二截头圆锥形壳体部件22通过较大基部的边缘24邻接第一壳体部件18的上游端20并且被固定地连接(例如通过焊接连接)到该上游端。第二截头圆锥形壳体部件22的较小基部形成上游进气口26,以用于当前从内燃发动机60流出并被引导通过涡轮增压器66的涡轮部件70的排气28。
催化排气处理单元14包括刚性转向板30,该刚性转向板被容纳和布置并安装成在由第二壳体部件22形成的空腔内能够围绕虚拟枢转轴线38枢转。虚拟枢转轴线38相对于流入催化排气处理单元14的排气28的流动方向横向地并且平行于刚性转向板30的表面延伸。在图2的图示中,虚拟枢转轴线38垂直于图的平面布置。
刚性转向板30被安装成可从壳体16外侧控制。为此,例如,枢轴40的安装在第二壳体部件22中并且固定地连接到刚性转向板30的至少一端可以通过第二壳体部件22的至少一个外侧被引导到外部,使得可以接近安装的枢轴40并因此接近刚性转向板30。
排气再循环区段50的上游端通过第二壳体部件22的外侧被引导到内部,并且具有排气出口单元56,该排气出口单元布置在第二壳体部件22内、催化活性催化剂基质42的上游。排气出口单元56布置在虚拟枢转轴线38的下游,并具有多个出口喷嘴58(图3),其出口开口朝向下游取向。
再次参考图2,刚性转向板30安装成可在冷启动位置和正常操作位置之间可控地枢转,其中刚性转向板在调节范围96内可控制到冷启动位置与正常操作位置间的任何位置。刚性转向板30的正常操作位置在图2中用实线表示,而刚性转向板的冷启动位置用虚线表示。
刚性转向板30具有位于虚拟枢转轴线38上游的板部件32和位于虚拟枢转轴线38下游的板部件34。
从图2可以看出,在冷启动位置,虚拟枢转轴线38上游的板部件32部分覆盖催化活性催化剂基质42上游的催化排气处理单元14的入口流动横截面。在冷启动位置,虚拟枢转轴线38上游的板部件32适合于壳体16的内表面部件36的轮廓。
因此实现了在刚性转向板30的冷启动位置,当前从内燃发动机60(通过涡轮增压器66的涡轮部件70)流入催化排气处理单元14的排气28被阻止流入由虚拟枢转轴线38上游的板部件32覆盖的进气流动横截面的那部分。因此,当前从内燃发动机60流向催化排气处理单元14的排气28与从排气输出单元56流出的排气流的再循环部分的混合实际上不会发生。
为了进一步有助于防止混合,虚拟枢转轴线38下游的板部件34具有面向当前流入的排气28的凹曲率。虚拟枢转轴线38下游的板部件34形成用于流入的排气28的转向元件。这引起流入的排气28的动量和方向在与入口流动横截面的被覆盖部件相反的方向上变化到催化活性催化剂基底42的第一部分区域44上。在图2中用虚线表示刚性转向板30下游的排气28的流动。
因此,当前从内燃发动机60流入催化排气处理单元14的排气28仅流经催化活性催化剂基质42的一部分,特别是第一部分区域44。当前流入的排气28的温度高于再循环排气流的温度,并且相对于催化转化器区域增加的排气质量流量具有如下效果,即在催化活性催化剂基质42的这部分中可以更快地达到期望的起燃温度。
当刚性转向板30处于冷启动位置时,再循环排气流(其比当前流入的排气28稍冷)用于使催化活性催化剂基质42的第二部分区域46变暖。由于当前从内燃发动机60流入催化排气处理单元14的排气28与再循环排气流在冷启动位置被阻止混合,因此第一部分区域44的升温速度比催化活性催化剂基质42的第二部分区域46更快。因此产生的温度差导致从催化活性催化剂基质42的第一部分区域44到第二部分区域46的热流动,从而使其额外地变暖。总体结果是在催化活性催化剂基质42整体上达到期望的起燃温度的时间更短。
如图2进一步所示,在正常操作位置,虚拟枢转轴线38上游的板部件32与当前从内燃发动机60流入催化排气处理单元14的排气28的方向相适应,因此不构成明显的流动阻力。因此,当前从内燃发动机60流入催化排气处理单元14的排气28几乎可以不受阻碍地流动通过整个催化活性催化剂基质42。
在正常操作期间,催化排气处理单元14的催化活性催化剂基质42处于或高于所需的起燃温度,可以关闭排气再循环区段50的控制阀54,以便防止当前从内燃发动机60流入催化排气处理单元的排气28进入排气再循环区段50中。
在本示例性实施例中,自动控制排气净化设备12的刚性转向板30的位置。柴油内燃发动机60配备有带有传感器88的传感器单元,用于确定表征排气净化设备12和柴油内燃发动机60的工况的物理变量(图1)。这些可以包括但不限于以下物理变量:柴油内燃发动机60的操作温度、催化活性催化剂基质42的温度、由涡轮增压器66的压缩机部件68吸入的环境空气的质量流量以及柴油内燃发动机60当前的功率。
柴油内燃发动机60还具有带有执行器92的电子控制单元90。执行器92可操作地连接到机械调节单元,例如步进电机94,该机械调节单元与枢轴40机械接合,枢轴40安装在第二壳体部件22中并固定地连接到刚性转向板30。
电子控制单元90可以具有数字数据存储单元和能够访问数字数据存储器单元的处理器单元。由电子控制单元90执行的步骤可以以存储在数字数据存储单元中的计算机程序的形式存在,其中存储在计算机程序中的命令可以由处理器单元执行。
电子控制单元90被设置用于以取决于由传感器单元的传感器88确定的变量的预定选择的方式识别刚性转向板30的预定设定点位置,例如柴油内燃发动机60的操作温度、催化活性催化剂基质42的温度、柴油内燃发动机60的当前功率。这可以例如通过存储在数字数据存储单元中的预定转换表(查找表)来实现。在识别了预定的设定点位置之后,设置电子控制单元90用于通过执行器92和机械调节单元将刚性转向板30控制到预定的设定点位置。
附图标记列表:
10内燃发动机布置
12排气净化设备
14催化排气处理单元
16壳体
18第一壳体部件
20上游端
22第二壳体部件
24边缘
26进气口
28排气
30刚性转向板
32上游板部件
34下游板部件
36内表面部件
38虚拟枢转轴线
40枢轴
42催化剂基质
44第一部分区域
46第二部分区域
48柴油微粒过滤器
50排气再循环区段
52涡轮机
54控制阀
56排气出口单元
58出口喷嘴
60内燃发动机
62入口歧管
64出口歧管
66涡轮增压器
68压缩机部件
70涡轮部件
72空气滤清器
74增压空气冷却器
76出口止回瓣阀
78高压排气再循环设备
80高压排气再循环阀
82低压排气再循环设备
84排气冷却器
86排气再循环阀
88传感器
90电子控制单元
92执行器
94步进电机
96调整范围
Claims (9)
1.一种内燃发动机布置(10)的排气净化设备(12),所述排气净化设备(12)包括具有壳体(16)并且具有布置在所述壳体(16)中的至少一个催化活性催化剂基质(42)的至少一个催化排气处理单元(14),并且包括排气再循环区段(50),所述排气再循环区段(52)被提供用于将排气流的至少一部分从布置在所述催化排气处理单元(14)下游的位置可控制地输送到布置在所述催化剂基质(42)上游的通向所述催化排气处理单元(14)的位置,
其特征在于
所述催化排气处理单元(14)具有安装在所述壳体(16)中的刚性转向板(30),以便能够至少在冷启动位置和正常操作位置之间围绕虚拟枢转轴线(38)可控制地枢转,其中所述虚拟枢转轴线(38)相对于流入所述催化排气处理单元(14)的排气(28)的流动方向横向地并且平行于所述刚性转向板(30)的表面延伸,并且
所述刚性转向板(30)具有在所述虚拟枢转轴线(38)上游的板部件(32)和在所述虚拟枢转轴线(38)下游的板部件(34),其中,在所述冷启动位置中,在所述虚拟枢转轴线(38)上游的所述板部件(32)部分地覆盖所述催化剂基质(42)上游的所述催化排气处理单元(14)的入口流动横截面,并且在所述虚拟枢转轴线(38)下游的所述板部件(34)对于流入的排气(28)形成用于分流到所述催化剂基质(42)的部分区域(44)上的分流元件。
2.根据权利要求1所述的排气净化设备(12),
其特征在于
所述排气再循环区段(50)具有排气出口单元(56),所述排气出口单元设置在所述催化剂基质(42)的上游的所述壳体(16)中并且被布置在所述虚拟枢转轴线(38)的下游。
3.根据权利要求2所述的排气净化设备(12),
其特征在于
所述排气出口单元(56)具有多个出口喷嘴(58),其出口开口朝向下游取向。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的排气净化设备(12),
其特征在于
在所述冷启动位置中,至少在所述虚拟枢转轴线(38)上游的所述板部件(32)适合于所述壳体(16)的内表面部件(36)的轮廓。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的排气净化设备(12),
其特征在于
在用于将所述流入的排气(28)转向到所述催化剂基质(42)的所述部分区域(44)上的所述虚拟枢转轴线(38)下游的所述板部件(34)具有面向所述流入的排气(28)的凹曲率。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的排气净化设备(12),
其特征在于
被安装成围绕所述虚拟枢转轴线(38)可枢转的所述刚性转向板(30)可控制到在所述冷启动位置和所述正常操作位置之间的任何位置。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的排气净化设备(12),
其特征在于
所述催化排气处理单元(14)包括柴油氧化催化转化器和NOx储存催化转化器中的至少一个以及可选的下游柴油微粒过滤器(48)。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的排气净化设备(12),
其特征在于
所述壳体(16)具有第一壳体部件(18)和第二截头圆锥形壳体部件(22),所述第一壳体部件(18)具有用于容纳所述催化活性催化剂基质(42)的椭圆形横截面区域,所述第二截头圆锥形壳体部件(22)用于容纳可枢转地安装的刚性转向板(30),所述第二壳体部件通过较大基部的边缘(24)邻接所述第一壳体部件(18)的上游端(20)。
9.一种柴油内燃发动机布置(10),
其特征在于
柴油内燃发动机(60)、根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的排气净化设备(12)、用于确定表征所述排气净化设备(12)和所述柴油内燃发动机(60)的工况的物理变量的传感器单元,以及
具有至少一个执行器(92)的电子控制单元(90),所述电子控制单元被设置为通过所述至少一个执行器(92)以取决于由所述传感器单元确定的所述变量的预定选择的方式至少将所述可枢转地安装的刚性转向板(30)控制到预定位置。
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US780931A (en) | 1904-10-13 | 1905-01-24 | Samuel W Wolfe | Rail-joint. |
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DE10241898A1 (de) | 2002-09-06 | 2004-03-11 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Abgasreinigungsanlage und Verfahren zur Reinigung von Abgasen |
JP2006257920A (ja) | 2005-03-15 | 2006-09-28 | Toyota Motor Corp | 排ガス浄化装置 |
US7805931B2 (en) | 2006-10-30 | 2010-10-05 | Perkins Engines Company Limited | Self-sustaining oxy-exothermal filter regeneration system |
JP2009167941A (ja) | 2008-01-17 | 2009-07-30 | Denso Corp | 排気浄化装置 |
DE102019122917A1 (de) | 2019-08-27 | 2021-03-04 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Regenerieren eines NOx-Speicherkatalysators einer Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung |
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