CN116287710A - Method for preparing ferronickel by low-temperature reduction - Google Patents

Method for preparing ferronickel by low-temperature reduction Download PDF

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CN116287710A
CN116287710A CN202310253813.0A CN202310253813A CN116287710A CN 116287710 A CN116287710 A CN 116287710A CN 202310253813 A CN202310253813 A CN 202310253813A CN 116287710 A CN116287710 A CN 116287710A
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low
pellets
temperature
laterite
ferronickel
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张华�
王钟议
李昊堃
赵建伟
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Shanxi Taigang Stainless Steel Co Ltd
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Shanxi Taigang Stainless Steel Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
    • C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
    • C22B5/10—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by solid carbonaceous reducing agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
    • C22B1/02—Roasting processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
    • C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
    • C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
    • C22B1/2406—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating pelletizing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
    • C22B23/005—Preliminary treatment of ores, e.g. by roasting or by the Krupp-Renn process
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
    • C22B23/02—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by dry processes
    • C22B23/023—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by dry processes with formation of ferro-nickel or ferro-cobalt
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of metal smelting, and particularly relates to a method for preparing ferronickel by low-temperature reduction, which comprises the following steps: (1) Drying and crushing laterite nickel ore, and uniformly mixing the dried laterite nickel ore with a reducing agent and a slag-forming flux for pelletizing; (2) Arranging the pellets in a belt type straight-running roasting kiln for roasting reduction; (3) And (3) cooling the baked pellets, discharging the pellets from a kiln, crushing, carrying out reselection to obtain nickel-iron particles, and carrying out magnetic separation and enrichment on the residual tailings to obtain nickel-iron concentrate powder. The invention has obvious advantages in the aspect of production cost, can be used for smelting low-grade laterite-nickel ore, and realizes the effective utilization of low-grade laterite-nickel ore resources.

Description

Method for preparing ferronickel by low-temperature reduction
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal smelting, and particularly relates to a method for preparing ferronickel by low-temperature reduction, in particular to a method for preparing ferronickel serving as a stainless steel alloy raw material by low-temperature reduction.
Background
Nickel has excellent corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance and other properties, and is widely applied to the production process of products such as stainless steel, alloy steel and the like. The primary nickel resources are mainly derived from nickel sulfide ores and laterite-nickel ores. The rapid increase of the global stainless steel yield accelerates the consumption of primary nickel resources, nickel sulfide ore which is easy to smelt is gradually exhausted, and laterite nickel ore becomes a main source of the primary nickel resources. The average nickel content of the global laterite nickel ore is only 1.28%, and a large amount of silicate magnesium salt and iron oxide are associated, so that the treatment difficulty is quite high.
The conventional laterite-nickel ore pyrometallurgy process mainly comprises two processes, namely, the process of dehydrating laterite-nickel ore, adding a carbon powder reducing agent for sintering treatment, and smelting by adopting a blast furnace to form molten iron with low nickel content. The process method is simple, and can fully utilize the low-cost limonite type laterite nickel ore, but has the defects of low nickel content (Ni is less than or equal to 2.0 percent) in molten iron, high phosphorus content (P is more than or equal to 0.045 percent), large coke consumption and high cost. Another process is RKEF process, after the laterite-nickel ore is dehydrated, dried and prereduced by a rotary kiln, smelting into nickel-containing pig iron in an ore-smelting furnace, and the process is a main process route for smelting laterite ore worldwide at present. But the ore-smelting furnace has large electricity consumption and high energy consumption, so that the cost is higher and the pollution is large.
In addition, there is a process of preparing ferronickel by direct reduction partially using a rotary kiln, a rotary hearth furnace, etc. When products with high metallization rates such as ferronickel are directly reduced and prepared by using a rotary kiln process, the problem of ring formation is serious, which not only affects the production efficiency, but also affects the service life of the lining. Meanwhile, the rotary kiln has high requirements on the quality of pellets entering the kiln, and certain requirements on the strength of the pellets are provided due to the rotary motion in the kiln. And affected by the problem of looping, the kiln-entering pellets cannot bring excessive powder. From the domestic application effect, the existing technology still has the problems of unstable production, small yield and the like.
Under the background, development of an efficient and energy-saving nickel-iron raw material preparation process for stainless steel smelting is urgently needed. The invention provides a process for producing ferronickel by taking laterite-nickel ore as a raw material with low cost, which can effectively reduce smelting cost and realize stable batch production.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at overcoming the defects of the prior art and provides a method for preparing ferronickel by low-temperature reduction.
Specifically, the method for preparing ferronickel by low-temperature reduction comprises the following steps:
(1) Drying and crushing laterite nickel ore, and uniformly mixing the dried laterite nickel ore with a reducing agent and a slag-forming flux for pelletizing;
(2) Arranging the pellets in a belt type straight-running roasting kiln for roasting reduction;
(3) And (3) cooling the baked pellets, discharging the pellets from a kiln, crushing, carrying out reselection to obtain nickel-iron particles, and carrying out magnetic separation and enrichment on the residual tailings to obtain nickel-iron concentrate powder.
According to the method for preparing the ferronickel by low-temperature reduction, the particle size of the crushed laterite-nickel ore is less than or equal to 5mm, and the particle sizes of the reducing agent and the slag-forming flux are less than or equal to 100 meshes.
In the method for preparing ferronickel by low-temperature reduction, the reducing agent is bituminous coal; the slag-forming flux is lime.
The mass ratio of the laterite nickel ore, the bituminous coal and the lime is 1 (0.15-0.2) to 0.05-0.1.
According to the method for preparing the ferronickel by low-temperature reduction, the diameter of the pellets is 20-30 mm.
According to the method for preparing the ferronickel by low-temperature reduction, the thickness of the pellets on the belt type straight-running roasting kiln bed is 50-60 mm.
The roasting reduction comprises a preheating reduction section, a high-temperature forming section and a cooling section.
In the method for preparing the ferronickel by low-temperature reduction, the temperature of the preheating reduction section is 300-1350 ℃ and the duration is 2-3 h; the temperature of the high-temperature forming section is 1350-1400 ℃ and the time period is 50-70 min.
In the method for preparing ferronickel by low-temperature reduction, CO and CH are sprayed into a kiln in the roasting reduction process 4 The gas is burned and heated.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) And (3) preparing ferronickel economically and efficiently: crushing laterite nickel ore, using low-cost bituminous coal as a carbonaceous reducing agent, adding a small amount of slag former, uniformly mixing, pressing into balls, reducing and gathering ferronickel in the laterite nickel ore in a semi-molten state at low temperature to form fine ferronickel particles, and performing crushing and reselection to purify ferronickel;
(2) The production equipment has low construction cost and easy maintenance: the process design adopts a belt type straight-running roasting kiln, and the coal powder and the injected CO and CH can be utilized at low temperature 4 Heating and reducing laterite-nickel ore by using equal gas to prepare ferronickel;
(3) Effectively widening the range of available resources: the invention has obvious advantages in the aspect of production cost, can be used for smelting low-grade laterite-nickel ore, and realizes the effective utilization of low-grade laterite-nickel ore resources.
Drawings
Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
FIG. 1 is a process scheme of the method for preparing ferronickel by low-temperature reduction of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments for a full understanding of the objects, features, and effects of the present invention. The process of the present invention is carried out by methods or apparatus conventional in the art, except as described below. The following terms have the meanings commonly understood by those skilled in the art unless otherwise indicated.
When a range of values is disclosed herein, the range is considered to be continuous and includes both the minimum and maximum values for the range, as well as each value between such minimum and maximum values. Further, when a range refers to an integer, each integer between the minimum and maximum values of the range is included. Further, when multiple range description features or characteristics are provided, the ranges may be combined. In other words, unless otherwise indicated, all ranges disclosed herein are to be understood to include any and all subranges subsumed therein.
As shown in FIG. 1, the method for preparing ferronickel by low-temperature reduction adopts the following process route: laterite nickel ore, drying, dehydrating, crushing, adding a reducing agent and a slag forming flux, uniformly mixing, ball pressing, distributing, reducing by a belt type straight-running roasting kiln, crushing, ore dressing, ferronickel particles, ferronickel concentrate powder and slag.
Specifically, the method for preparing ferronickel by low-temperature reduction provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) Drying and crushing laterite nickel ore, and uniformly mixing the dried laterite nickel ore with a reducing agent and a slag-forming flux for pelletizing;
(2) Arranging the pellets in a belt type straight-running roasting kiln for roasting reduction;
(3) And (3) cooling the baked pellets, discharging the pellets from a kiln, crushing, carrying out reselection to obtain nickel-iron particles, and carrying out magnetic separation and enrichment on the residual tailings to obtain nickel-iron concentrate powder.
The method for preparing the ferronickel by low-temperature reduction adopts the belt type straight-running roasting kiln, realizes continuous reduction production, and has low equipment investment, good stability and large quality inclusion on production raw materials.
In some preferred embodiments, the invention provides a method for preparing ferronickel by low-temperature reduction, comprising:
(1) And (3) drying and crushing the laterite nickel ore, and uniformly mixing the dried laterite nickel ore with a reducing agent and a slag-forming flux for pelleting.
Wherein, the laterite nickel ore is crushed into particles less than or equal to 5mm after being dried and dehydrated, and then is put into a stock ground for standby. The selected reducing agent and slag-forming flux are sent into a ball mill for ball milling, so that the grain diameter is less than or equal to 100 meshes, and then the mixture is put into a stock ground for standby.
Preferably, the reducing agent is bituminous coal; the slag-forming flux is lime. The invention reduces the raw material cost by adopting low-cost bituminous coal as the reducing agent.
Preferably, the weight percentage of C in the bituminous coal is more than or equal to 70 percent, and the weight percentage of CaO in the lime is more than or equal to 88 percent.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the laterite-nickel ore to the bituminous coal to the lime is 1 (0.15-0.2) to 0.05-0.1.
Further preferably, the diameter of the pellets is 20-30 mm, and when the diameter of the pellets is smaller than 20mm, the pellets are easily affected by the original crushing granularity, so that the components of the pellets are not uniform; when the diameter of the pellets is larger than 30mm, the reduction of the pellets is insufficient, the metallization rate is reduced, and the recovery rate of the nickel-iron elements is affected.
(2) And (3) arranging the pellets in a belt type straight-running roasting kiln for roasting and reduction.
The belt type straight-running roasting kiln avoids the difficulty of damaging the kiln body in the roasting process of the rotary kiln and the huge consumption defect of energy sources in the electric furnace melting process.
In order to homogenize the end product, the pressed pellets are uniformly arranged on a belt kiln bed, the thickness of the pellets is about 2-3 layers, the width of the pellets is about 800mm, and the pellets are fed into the kiln for roasting reduction.
Preferably, the thickness of the pellets on the belt type straight-running roasting kiln bed is 50-60 mm, and when the thickness is smaller than the range, the production efficiency is lower, and the operation cost is high; when the thickness is greater than this range, it is difficult for the reducing gas to blow through the underlying material layer.
Wherein, the roasting reduction comprises a preheating reduction section, a high-temperature forming section and a cooling section.
Preferably, the temperature of the preheating reduction section is 300-1350 ℃ and the duration is 2-3 hours, so that the tasks of preheating the pellets and reducing most of ferronickel in the pellets are completed.
Preferably, the temperature of the high-temperature forming section is 1350-1400 ℃, and the time period is about 1h, such as 50-70 min, so that ferronickel is polymerized and formed, and ferronickel particles are grown.
Preferably, the cooling section is strong refrigeration, the temperature of which is 200-300 ℃ and the duration of which is 1-2 h.
Further preferably, CO and CH are injected into the kiln in the roasting reduction process 4 The gas is burned and heated.
The invention relates to a method for preparing ferronickel by low-temperature reduction, which adopts a belt type straight-running roasting kiln to utilize the added coal dust and the injected CO and CH at low temperature 4 The non-high-temperature melting smelting technology greatly reduces the energy consumption.
(3) And (3) cooling the baked pellets, discharging the pellets from a kiln, crushing, carrying out reselection to obtain nickel-iron particles, and carrying out magnetic separation and enrichment on the residual tailings to obtain nickel-iron concentrate powder.
In one embodiment, the nickel iron particles comprise 7-10wt% of Ni, 80-90wt% of Fe and the balance of impurities.
Preferably, the residual tailings are crushed by ball milling until the particle size is less than or equal to 100 meshes, and then magnetic separation is carried out by a magnetic separator, so that concentrate powder with high ferronickel enrichment is obtained and is used as raw material for kiln re-refining.
The method can reduce and produce the nickel iron particles under the low-temperature condition, has simple production process, avoids the problems of complex process steps, high treatment cost and serious environmental pollution of the conventional treatment process, does not have the phenomenon of ring formation and the like in the production process of the rotary kiln, and has better popularization value.
Examples
The invention is further illustrated by means of the following examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The experimental methods without specific conditions noted in the following examples follow conventional methods and conditions. The starting materials used in the following examples are all conventionally commercially available.
Example 1
The laterite nickel ore composition used in this example is shown in the following table
TABLE 1 chemical composition of laterite nickel ore (wt%)
Figure BDA0004128856660000061
Detailed operation
The laterite-nickel ore is dried and crushed to 3mm, and is mixed with pulverized coal and lime according to the proportion of 1:0.15:0.08, wherein the pulverized coal (C is more than or equal to 70%) and the lime (CaO is more than or equal to 88%) are required to be ball-milled until the granularity is less than or equal to 100 meshes. After fully and uniformly mixing the raw materials, pressing into pellets (20 mm), uniformly placing the pellets on a belt type straight-running roasting kiln car, and roasting in the kiln, wherein the thickness of a material layer is 50-60 mm. And (3) preheating and reducing for 3 hours at 300-1350 ℃, then entering a nickel-iron particle forming section, maintaining the temperature of the high-temperature forming section at 1350-1400 ℃ for 1 hour, and then entering a cooling section. CO and CH injection by nozzle 4 Provides heat to control the temperature within the kiln. Crushing and weighing the baked pelletsAnd (3) selecting to obtain nickel iron particles, sieving tailings, grinding the tailings into 100-mesh powder, then feeding the powder into a magnetic separator for magnetic separation, and separating slag metals to obtain nickel iron concentrate powder with high enrichment degree.
Through detection analysis, the nickel and iron contents in the ferronickel product are respectively 7.8% and 85.4%, and the balance is impurities. The recovery rate of nickel and iron in the whole process flow is 90-95% and 85-90% respectively.
The present invention has been disclosed above in terms of preferred embodiments, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that all changes and substitutions equivalent to those of the embodiments are considered to be covered by the scope of the claims of the present invention. The scope of the invention should, therefore, be determined with reference to the appended claims.

Claims (9)

1. A method for preparing ferronickel by low-temperature reduction, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Drying and crushing laterite nickel ore, and uniformly mixing the dried laterite nickel ore with a reducing agent and a slag-forming flux for pelletizing;
(2) Arranging the pellets in a belt type straight-running roasting kiln for roasting reduction;
(3) And (3) cooling the baked pellets, discharging the pellets from a kiln, crushing, carrying out reselection to obtain nickel-iron particles, and carrying out magnetic separation and enrichment on the residual tailings to obtain nickel-iron concentrate powder.
2. The method for preparing ferronickel by low-temperature reduction according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of the crushed laterite-nickel ore is less than or equal to 5mm, and the particle sizes of the reducing agent and the slag-forming flux are less than or equal to 100 meshes.
3. The method for preparing ferronickel by low-temperature reduction according to claim 1, wherein the reducing agent is bituminous coal; the slag-forming flux is lime.
4. The method for preparing ferronickel by low-temperature reduction according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of laterite-nickel ore, bituminous coal and lime is 1 (0.15-0.2) (0.05-0.1).
5. The method for preparing ferronickel by low temperature reduction according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the pellets is 20-30 mm.
6. The method for preparing ferronickel by low-temperature reduction according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the pellets on a belt-type straight-traveling roasting kiln bed is 50-60 mm.
7. The method for preparing ferronickel according to claim 1, wherein the roasting reduction includes a pre-heating reduction section, a high temperature forming section and a cooling section.
8. The method for preparing ferronickel by low-temperature reduction according to claim 7, wherein the temperature of the preheating reduction section is 300-1350 ℃ and the duration is 2-3 h; the temperature of the high-temperature forming section is 1350-1400 ℃ and the time period is 50-70 min.
9. The method for preparing ferronickel by low-temperature reduction according to claim 1, wherein CO and CH are injected into the kiln during the roasting reduction process 4 The gas is burned and heated.
CN202310253813.0A 2023-03-14 2023-03-14 Method for preparing ferronickel by low-temperature reduction Pending CN116287710A (en)

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