CN116281963A - Post-treatment method for greatly improving performance of carbon nanotube film and application thereof - Google Patents
Post-treatment method for greatly improving performance of carbon nanotube film and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002238 carbon nanotube film Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 234
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- KEQGZUUPPQEDPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione Chemical compound CC1(C)N(Cl)C(=O)N(Cl)C1=O KEQGZUUPPQEDPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- XTHPWXDJESJLNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorosulfonic acid Substances OS(Cl)(=O)=O XTHPWXDJESJLNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/15—Nano-sized carbon materials
- C01B32/158—Carbon nanotubes
- C01B32/168—After-treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2202/00—Structure or properties of carbon nanotubes
- C01B2202/20—Nanotubes characterized by their properties
- C01B2202/22—Electronic properties
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention discloses a post-treatment method for greatly improving the performance of a carbon nano tube film and application thereof. The post-treatment method comprises the following steps: soaking an original carbon nano tube film in chlorosulfonic acid, standing, and then placing in air to enable chlorosulfonic acid molecules in the carbon nano tube film to react with water molecules in the air, and then generating sulfuric acid molecules in the carbon nano tube film to promote the water molecules to enter the carbon nano tube film; then placing the carbon nano tube film in chlorosulfonic acid again to enable the carbon nano tube film to react with water molecules to generate hydrogen chloride gas so as to expand the carbon nano tube film; and (3) after drafting treatment, soaking in chlorosulfonic acid solution again, and finally carrying out high-temperature vacuum annealing heat treatment. The tensile strength of the carbon nano tube film prepared by the invention is in the order of GPa, and the conductivity is 10 6 S/m level, and the surface flatness is higher, which is beneficial to the combination of the composite material and other materials, and builds a composite interface with stronger binding force, thereby being beneficial to the great improvement of the final force and electrical property of the composite material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a post-treatment method for greatly improving the mechanical and electrical properties of a carbon nano tube film, belonging to the technical field of carbon nano tube post-treatment.
Background
The carbon nano tube has extremely long electron mean free path, and research data shows that the longest electron mean free path can exceed 30 mu m (copper: 40 nm), and the extremely large electron mean free path endows the carbon nano tube with excellent conductivity (theoretical value can reach 10) 8 S/m), an order of magnitude improvement can be achieved over copper. Meanwhile, the carbon nano tube has the excellent characteristics of low density, stable chemical property, excellent thermal conductivity, high tensile mechanical strength and the like, so that the carbon nano tube becomes an important high-conductivity candidate material.
However, various types of defects, such as a large number of pores inside the macroscopic structure of the carbon nanotube, a small contact area between the carbon nanotubes and the carbon nanotubes, and poor orientation distribution of the carbon nanotubes, are inevitably introduced into the macroscopic body during the assembly process; finally, the existing electrical properties of the macroscopic body of the carbon nano tube are greatly different from the theoretical value. The data show that the conductivity of the carbon nano tube film produced by the floating catalysis method is generally 8×10 4 About S/m, the tensile mechanical strength is only about 100MPa, and the tensile mechanical strength has a larger gap from the force and electrical property level of practical application.
In order to solve the problem of low force and electrical performance of the carbon nanotube film, the existing method is to carry out the methods of drafting, rolling, hot pressing, high-temperature graphitization and the like in the air on the carbon nanotube film prepared by a floating catalysis method to realize the promotion of the force and electrical performance of the carbon nanotube film, and then the promotion effect of the methods is limited. In terms of electrical properties, of the order of magnitude is 10 5 S/m magnitude; in the aspect of mechanical properties, only part of the film can reach GPa level after treatment, in the existing drawing enhancement method of the carbon nano tube film, the success rate of the method is lower due to the non-uniformity of the microstructure of the carbon nano tube film, and the distribution of the electrical property and the mechanical property of the surface of the carbon nano tube is not uniform, and the whole mechanical property of the carbon nano tube film is poorer although the part can obtain higher tensile strength. Reinforcing in rolling and hot pressingIn the aspect, due to the non-uniformity of the carbon nanotube film, the carbon nanotube film is easily broken in the extrusion process, and the success probability of experiments is seriously affected; the surface of the extruded carbon nano tube film often has more pits and cracks, the flatness of the film is poor, and the interface structure and interface performance are seriously affected when the carbon nano tube film is compounded with other materials.
Recently, researchers have developed chlorosulfonic acid treatment processes for carbon nanotube films, and densification of microstructure of the carbon nanotube films is achieved through the post-treatment processes, so that great improvement of force and electrical properties of the carbon nanotube films is achieved. Although the electrical property of the prepared carbon nano tube film is better, the electric property can be improved to 1 multiplied by 10 6 S/m, the tensile mechanical strength is still very low and is about 250MPa, so that the tensile mechanical strength can not reach GPa magnitude, the prepared carbon nanotube film has poor comprehensive force and electricity properties, and the requirement of the actual working condition on the mechanical property of the carbon nanotube film can not be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a post-treatment method for greatly improving the mechanical and electrical properties of a carbon nano tube film so as to overcome the defects in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention comprises the following steps:
the embodiment of the invention provides a post-treatment method for greatly improving the mechanical and electrical properties of a carbon nano tube film, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Fully soaking the original carbon nano tube film in chlorosulfonic acid, and standing to enable chlorosulfonic acid molecules to enter the inside of the carbon nano tube film;
(2) Placing the carbon nano tube film fully soaked in chlorosulfonic acid obtained in the step (1) in air, enabling chlorosulfonic acid molecules in the carbon nano tube film to fully react with water molecules in the air, generating sulfuric acid molecules in the carbon nano tube film, and enabling the water molecules to enter the carbon nano tube film;
(3) Placing the carbon nano tube film obtained in the step (2) in chlorosulfonic acid again to enable chlorosulfonic acid to react with water molecules to generate hydrogen chloride gas, so that the carbon nano tube film expands with expansion multiple of more than 500;
(4) Drawing the expanded carbon nanotube film obtained in the step (3), wherein the amplitude of the drawing is 50% -500%;
(5) Repeating the step (1) for a plurality of times on the carbon nano tube film after the drafting treatment;
(6) Performing high-temperature vacuum annealing heat treatment on the carbon nanotube film obtained in the step (5) to obtain a high-strength and high-conductivity carbon nanotube film, wherein the temperature of the high-temperature vacuum annealing heat treatment is below 300 ℃, and the vacuum degree is less than 10 -2 Pa；
The tensile strength of the high-strength and high-conductivity carbon nano tube film is in the order of GPa, and the conductivity is 10 6 S/m level.
The embodiment of the invention also provides the high-strength and high-conductivity carbon nano tube film prepared by the method.
The embodiment of the invention also provides application of the post-treatment method for greatly improving the mechanical and electrical properties of the carbon nanotube film in preparing the high-performance carbon nanotube film composite material.
Correspondingly, the embodiment of the invention also provides a high-performance carbon nano tube film composite material which is formed by compounding the high-strength and high-conductivity carbon nano tube film prepared by the post-treatment method for greatly improving the performance of the carbon nano tube film and a high-performance material, wherein the high-performance material comprises at least any one of graphene, mxene and other materials.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) The post-treatment method provided by the invention can ensure that the mechanical property of the floating carbon nano tube film with the largest production capacity at present reaches 2GPa at the highest (the mechanical property is at the leading level in the world at present), removes the dependence of the high-performance film on an array method and the floating carbon nano tube film grown by drafting, further realizes the great reduction of the production cost and improves the feasibility of industrial mass production;
2) The high-strength and high-conductivity carbon nanotube film prepared by the method has higher surface flatness, is beneficial to compounding the carbon nanotube film with other materials, builds a composite interface with stronger binding force, and is further beneficial to greatly improving the final force and electrical performance of the composite material (the carbon nanotube film is pursued to have higher surface flatness, and after fiber densification, the surface is provided with a sawtooth structure); and the thickness of the prepared high-strength and high-conductivity carbon nanotube film is close to hundred nanometers, so that the defect number caused by the large size of the film is reduced, and the exertion of the intrinsic excellent force and electrical property of the carbon nanotube is facilitated.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following description will briefly explain the drawings used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a densification and drawing process for a carbon nanotube film in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2a is a schematic view of the microstructure of a pristine carbon nanotube film;
FIG. 2b is a microstructure of a densified +0% drawn carbon nanotube film according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2c is a microstructure of a densified +50% drawn carbon nanotube film according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2d is a microstructure of a densified +200% drawn carbon nanotube film according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3a is a graph showing the tensile mechanical properties of densified drawn carbon nanotube film according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3b is a schematic diagram of the electrical properties of a densified drawn carbon nanotube film according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4a is a graph of micro-fracture morphology of pristine carbon nanotube films;
FIG. 4b is a graph of micro-fracture morphology of densified +0% drawn carbon nanotube film according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4c is a graph of micro-fracture morphology of densified +50% drawn carbon nanotube film in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4d is a graph of micro-fracture morphology of a densified +200% drawn carbon nanotube film according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic drawing showing the thickness of a drawn densified carbon nanotube film according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to solve the problems, the inventor of the present invention has provided a post-treatment method capable of greatly improving the force and electrical properties of a carbon nanotube film based on the protonation of chlorosulfonic acid to the carbon nanotube, the expansion of chlorosulfonic acid to the carbon nanotube film, and the orientation force of an electric dipole through long-term research and a great deal of practice. The method comprises fully soaking the carbon nanotube film in chlorosulfonic acid, greatly puffing the carbon nanotube film, greatly stretching the carbon nanotube film, and annealing the carbon nanotube film, wherein the densification and the greatly stretching of the carbon nanotube film can realize tensile strength GPa magnitude and electric conductivity of 10 6 And (3) preparing the high-performance carbon nano tube film with the S/m or so.
The technical scheme, the implementation process, the principle and the like are further explained as follows.
The post-treatment method for greatly improving the performance of the carbon nano tube film provided by one aspect of the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) Fully soaking the original carbon nano tube film in chlorosulfonic acid, and standing to enable chlorosulfonic acid molecules to enter the inside of the carbon nano tube film;
(2) Placing the carbon nano tube film fully soaked in chlorosulfonic acid obtained in the step (1) in air, enabling chlorosulfonic acid molecules in the carbon nano tube film to fully react with water molecules in the air, generating sulfuric acid molecules in the carbon nano tube film, and enabling the water molecules to enter the carbon nano tube film;
(3) Placing the carbon nano tube film obtained in the step (2) in chlorosulfonic acid again to enable chlorosulfonic acid to perform chemical reaction with water molecules to generate hydrogen chloride gas so as to enable the carbon nano tube film to expand;
(4) Drawing the expanded carbon nanotube film obtained in the step (3), wherein the amplitude of the drawing is 50% -500%;
(5) Repeating the step (1) for a plurality of times on the carbon nano tube film after the drafting treatment;
(6) Performing high-temperature vacuum annealing heat treatment on the carbon nanotube film obtained in the step (5) to obtain a high-strength and high-conductivity carbon nanotube film, wherein the temperature of the high-temperature vacuum annealing heat treatment is below 300 ℃, and the vacuum degree is less than 10 -2 Pa。
The reaction mechanism of the invention is as follows: based on the protonation of chlorosulfonic acid on the carbon nano tube, the expansion of chlorosulfonic acid on the carbon nano tube film and the orientation force of electric dipoles, the full infiltration of the carbon nano tube film in the chlorosulfonic acid solution realizes the full filling of chlorosulfonic acid molecules in the carbon nano tube film, and then the rapid expansion of the carbon nano tube film is realized through the massive generation of hydrogen chloride gas in the reaction process of chlorosulfonic acid molecules and water; on the basis of the expansion effect of the chemical reaction on the carbon nanotube film, relaxation stretching is conducted, so that the great orientation of the carbon nanotubes in the film is realized; by high-temperature vacuum heat treatment and orientation force action of electric dipoles, the method realizes the large densification of the microstructure of the carbon nanotube film. Finally, by improving the orientation degree of the carbon nano tube in the film and the densification degree of the carbon nano tube film, the mechanical property, the electrical property and the like of the floating catalytic carbon nano tube film are greatly improved.
In some embodiments, step (1) of the post-treatment method specifically includes: fully soaking the original carbon nano tube film in chlorosulfonic acid solution, and standing for more than 12 hours to enable chlorosulfonic acid molecules to enter the inside of the carbon nano tube film until the carbon nano tube film is in a soft state. The invention relates to the soaking of a carbon nano tube film in chlorosulfonic acid, and experiments show that the densification degree of the carbon nano tube film can be improved by drafting the carbon nano tube film in any protonated acid, so that the mechanical, electrical and even thermal properties of the carbon nano tube film are improved.
In some embodiments, step (2) of the post-processing method specifically includes: placing the carbon nano tube film fully soaked in chlorosulfonic acid in moist air, so that chlorosulfonic acid molecules in the carbon nano tube film can fully react with water molecules in the air, thereby generating sulfuric acid molecules in the carbon nano tube film, enabling the water molecules to enter the carbon nano tube film, and enabling the surface of the carbon nano tube film to be free of hydrogen chloride white fog.
In some embodiments, in step (3), the expanded carbon nanotube film has an expansion factor of 500 times or more, preferably 500 to 1000 times, and an expansion range of up to 5 μm to 5000 μm in thickness. The invention skillfully and comprehensively utilizes the protonation of the chlorosulfonic acid to the carbon nano tube film and the expansion of the chlorosulfonic acid and water reaction to the microstructure of the carbon nano tube. Thereby realizing the great improvement of the stretching degree of the carbon nano tube film.
In some embodiments, step (4) of the post-processing method specifically includes: stretching the expanded carbon nanotube film by 50-500%, preferably 200-400%, and keeping the carbon nanotube film stationary for more than 2 hours after the carbon nanotube film is straightened; and then straightening and standing again, repeating the steps for more than three times until the stretching of the carbon nano tube film is finally realized, wherein the stretching amount is any in the range of 50-500%, and the stretching amount can be selected according to experimental requirements. Because of the large macroscopic size and force, additional manual (or machine) force is required to provide large draft force during the draft process.
In some embodiments, step (5) of the post-treatment method specifically includes: and (3) soaking the drawn carbon nano tube film in chlorosulfonic acid again, and standing for more than 12 hours. The invention relates to multiple expansion of a carbon nano tube film in chlorosulfonic acid, so as to gradually improve the stretching degree of the carbon nano tube film.
In some embodiments, step (6) of the post-processing method specifically includes: placing the carbon nano tube film which is soaked with chlorosulfonic acid again in vacuum annealing equipment, and for the carbon nano tube filmVacuumizing the reaction chamber of the vacuum annealing equipment until the vacuum is pumped to be less than 10 -2 And heating the vacuum annealing equipment at the heating rate of less than 10 ℃/min at the heating temperature of not higher than 300 ℃ (100 ℃ -300 ℃) for not lower than 3 hours when Pa, so that chlorosulfonic acid in the carbon nano tube film is completely removed.
In consideration of optimization of experimental effect, the invention selects the temperature and vacuum degree of annealing heat treatment in the implementation process; when the temperature is higher (above 300 ℃) and the vacuum is lower (> 10) -2 Pa), the densification degree of the carbon nano tube film is lower, when the temperature is lower (not higher than 300 ℃), and the vacuum degree is higher (less than 10) -2 Pa, especially < 10 -4 Pa), the densification degree of the carbon nanotube film is higher, and the improvement range of the mechanical, electrical and other properties of the final carbon nanotube film is also large.
In addition, in the high-temperature vacuum annealing heat treatment process of the carbon nanotube film, the surface of the film needs to be flattened, so that the appearance of the film is kept.
Another aspect of the embodiments of the present invention also provides a high strength, high conductivity carbon nanotube film made by the foregoing method of making.
Further, the tensile strength of the high-strength and high-conductivity carbon nano tube film is in the order of GPa, and the conductivity is 10 6 S/m level.
Further, the thickness of the high-strength and high-conductivity carbon nano tube film is more than hundred nanometers.
In summary, the high-strength and high-conductivity carbon nanotube film prepared by the method has higher surface flatness (rough surface of the film can be caused by rolling, hot pressing and graphitization treatment), which is beneficial to compositing the carbon nanotube film with other materials, constructing a composite interface with stronger bonding force, and further being beneficial to greatly improving the final force, electrical property and other properties of the composite material.
The invention provides good process conditions for compounding high-performance materials such as densification carbon nano tubes, graphene, mxene and the like, is beneficial to the preparation of the composite material of the carbon nano tube film with higher electrical performance and more functions, and greatly improves the application field of the carbon nano tubes in actual production and life.
Another aspect of the embodiments of the present invention further provides a post-processing method for greatly improving the performance of the carbon nanotube film or an application of the high-strength and high-conductivity carbon nanotube film in preparing a high-performance carbon nanotube film composite material.
The surface evenness of the carbon nano tube film reaches the scale level of a single carbon nano tube, and the physical deposition of a continuous metal film with the thickness of about 10nm can be carried out on the surface of the carbon nano tube film.
Accordingly, another aspect of the embodiment of the present invention also provides a high-performance carbon nanotube film composite material, which is formed by compounding the high-strength, high-conductivity carbon nanotube film prepared by the post-treatment method for greatly improving the performance of the carbon nanotube film with a high-performance material, wherein the high-performance material includes at least any one of graphene, mxene and the like, but is not limited thereto.
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to a number of preferred embodiments and accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention. The experimental methods, in which specific conditions are not noted in the following examples, are generally conducted under conventional conditions or under conditions recommended by the manufacturer.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, a post-processing method for greatly improving the performance of a carbon nanotube film according to the embodiment includes the following specific technical steps:
1. adequate infiltration of carbon nanotube film in chlorosulfonic acid liquid
And (3) taking a carbon nanotube film with a certain length and width (such as 1 cm-50 cm or any length and any width not less than 1 cm), fixing on a clamp, keeping the carbon nanotube film in an extending state, then placing the carbon nanotube film in chlorosulfonic acid solution, ensuring that the carbon nanotube film is fully immersed into the chlorosulfonic acid solution, and standing for more than 12 hours until the carbon nanotube film is thoroughly in a soft state.
In the experimental process of the step, the clamp is required to fix the carbon nanotube film, so that the appearance of the carbon nanotube film in the experimental process is kept, and the film is prevented from curling.
2. Expansion process technology and drawing treatment of carbon nano tube film
Placing the carbon nano tube film fully soaked in chlorosulfonic acid in humid air to enable chlorosulfonic acid molecules in the carbon nano tube film to fully react with moisture in the air, generating sulfuric acid molecules in the carbon nano tube film, and continuously utilizing strong water absorption of the sulfuric acid molecules to enable water molecules to slowly enter the carbon nano tube film until no hydrogen chloride white fog is generated on the surface of the carbon nano tube.
On the basis of the previous step, placing the carbon nanotube film in chlorosulfonic acid solution, utilizing the generation of hydrogen chloride gas in the chemical reaction of chlorosulfonic acid and water molecules to greatly expand the carbon nanotube film, then carrying out a certain amount of stretching (any stretching amount of 50% -500% for ensuring that the film is always in a tightening state, and determining by experiments) on the expanded carbon nanotube film, and keeping the carbon nanotube film still for more than 2 hours after the film is straightened; and then straightening and standing are carried out, the process is carried out for more than three times until the large stretching of the carbon nano tube film is finally realized (the final maximum stretching amount is reached), and then the carbon nano tube film is placed in chlorosulfonic acid for more than 12 hours. This example will perform multiple recycling steps because the film is prone to breakage if a large number of stretches are performed at one time.
3. High-temperature vacuum annealing treatment of carbon nanotube film
Placing the carbon nano tube film immersed in the chlorosulfonic acid solution in a vacuum annealing furnace, vacuumizing the furnace tube space where the sample is located, and vacuumizing to be less than 10 -2 During Pa, the tubular furnace is heated, the heating rate is less than 10 ℃/min, and the heating temperature cannot be highAnd (3) at 300 ℃ (100 ℃ -300 ℃) for not less than 3 hours, and finally, the complete removal of chlorosulfonic acid in the carbon nanotube film is realized.
The inventors also performed characterization and testing of the finally obtained carbon nanotube film in terms of:
(1) Influence of microstructure of carbon nanotube film
Fig. 2 a-2 d show the rule of influence of the stretching densification on the microstructure of the carbon nanotube, wherein fig. 2a is a schematic microstructure diagram of the original state carbon nanotube film, fig. 2b is a microstructure diagram of the densified +0% stretched carbon nanotube film, fig. 2c is a microstructure diagram of the densified +50% stretched carbon nanotube film, and fig. 2d is a microstructure diagram of the densified +200% stretched carbon nanotube film. When the carbon nano tube film is only densified (after the carbon nano tube film is soaked in chlorosulfonic acid, high-temperature vacuum annealing treatment is directly carried out), no drafting treatment is carried out, namely 0% drafting is carried out, a large amount of pores on the surface of the carbon nano tube are removed, the obvious fluffy state of the microstructure is eliminated, and the obvious densification of the microstructure of the carbon nano tube film is realized; however, a certain number of pits still exist on the surface of the carbon nanotube film, and the distribution of the carbon nanotubes is still in a disordered state.
After densification +50% drafting treatment is carried out on the carbon nanotube film, no micro pits are observed on the surface of the film, and the carbon nanotube distribution on the surface of the film presents higher orientation, so that the flatness of the surface of the film is obviously improved; however, after careful observation, the washed carbon nanotube structure was still observed with the film surface, indicating that the 50% drawing treatment improved the flatness of the film surface, but the surface still had a certain uneven feel. After densification +200% drawing treatment is performed on the carbon nanotube film, no nanometer micro pits exist on the surface of the film, most of tubular structures of the carbon nanotubes are almost not observed, and the experimental result shows that the densification degree of the microstructure of the carbon nanotube film is further greatly improved.
(2) Influence of mechanical and electrical properties of carbon nanotube films
Fig. 3 a-3 b show the effect of densification + orientation drawing post-treatment on the mechanical and electrical properties of the carbon nanotube film. As shown in fig. 3a, the result shows that the mechanical strength of the original carbon nanotube is about 100MPa, and the mechanical strength of the carbon nanotube film is improved to about 300MPa after densification treatment; after densification +50% drafting treatment is carried out on the film, the strength of the film is improved to about 600MPa, and when the drafting degree is further improved to 200%, the tensile strength of the carbon nanotube film is more than GPa, and further, the preparation of the high-strength film with the GPa magnitude is realized based on the floating catalytic carbon nanotube film. As shown in FIG. 3b, the result shows that the conductivity of the pristine carbon nanotube film is 0.8X10 5 S/m. After densification treatment only, the conductivity of the carbon nanotube film reaches 1×10 6 S/m, the conductivity slightly decreases after the drawing, but when the drawing amount increases, the conductivity shows an upward trend, and finally reaches 0.8X10 6 S/m or so, still has a higher conductivity level. The results show that the preparation of the high-strength and high-conductivity carbon nano tube film is realized through the drafting post-treatment of densification +200% based on the floating carbon nano tube film with the largest production capacity at present, the performance of the high-strength and high-conductivity carbon nano tube film is at the leading level in the world, and the preparation technology has great social significance for the practical engineering application of the film.
(3) Influence of fracture morphology of carbon nanotube film
The effect of densification and drawing post-treatment processes shown in fig. 4 a-4 d on the fracture morphology of the carbon nanotube film shows that after the original state carbon nanotube film is broken, the fracture wire drawing length is 20-30 μm, the fracture morphology is fluffy, and the original state carbon nanotube film is mainly slipped between the carbon nanotubes to realize the final breaking of the film, as shown in fig. 4 a. When the carbon nanotube film is only densified, after the film breaks, the wire drawing length at the break is about 10 μm, and the wire drawing length is obviously reduced, as shown in fig. 4b, which shows that the friction force between the carbon nanotubes is greatly increased, and part of the carbon nanotubes start to break in the process of breaking the film, so that the appearance of broken wires is weakened. When densification and drawing treatment are carried out on the carbon nanotube film, the occurrence of wire drawing is basically not observed at the fracture of the film, and the fracture flatness is higher, so that the friction acting force between the carbon nanotubes is strong, the fracture of the film is mainly based on the fracture of the carbon nanotubes, as shown in fig. 4c and 4d, the full representation of the intrinsic high-strength characteristic of the carbon nanotubes on the macroscopic film is further promoted, and the final mechanical property of the macroscopic film is greatly improved.
The thickness of the high-strength and high-conductivity carbon nano tube film prepared by the embodiment is close to hundred nanometers, as shown in fig. 5, the thickness is 1500nm, so that the defect number caused by the large size of the film is reduced, and the exertion of the intrinsic excellent mechanical and electrical properties of the carbon nano tube is facilitated.
In addition, the inventors have conducted experiments with other materials, process operations, and process conditions as described in this specification with reference to the foregoing examples, and have all obtained desirable results.
While the invention has been described with reference to an illustrative embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various other changes, omissions and/or additions may be made and substantial equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed for carrying out this invention, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A post-treatment method for greatly improving the performance of a carbon nano tube film is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Fully soaking the original carbon nano tube film in chlorosulfonic acid, and standing to enable chlorosulfonic acid molecules to enter the inside of the carbon nano tube film;
(2) Placing the carbon nano tube film fully soaked in chlorosulfonic acid obtained in the step (1) in air, enabling chlorosulfonic acid molecules in the carbon nano tube film to fully react with water molecules in the air, generating sulfuric acid molecules in the carbon nano tube film, and enabling the water molecules to enter the carbon nano tube film;
(3) Placing the carbon nano tube film obtained in the step (2) in chlorosulfonic acid again to enable chlorosulfonic acid to react with water molecules to generate hydrogen chloride gas, so that the carbon nano tube film expands with expansion multiple of more than 500;
(4) Drawing the expanded carbon nanotube film obtained in the step (3), wherein the amplitude of the drawing is 50% -500%;
(5) Repeating the step (1) for a plurality of times on the carbon nano tube film after the drafting treatment;
(6) Performing high-temperature vacuum annealing heat treatment on the carbon nanotube film obtained in the step (5) to obtain a high-strength and high-conductivity carbon nanotube film, wherein the temperature of the high-temperature vacuum annealing heat treatment is below 300 ℃, and the vacuum degree is less than 10 -2 Pa；
The tensile strength of the high-strength and high-conductivity carbon nano tube film is in the order of GPa, and the conductivity is 10 6 S/m level.
2. The post-treatment method for greatly improving the performance of a carbon nanotube film according to claim 1, wherein the step (1) comprises: fully soaking the original carbon nano tube film in chlorosulfonic acid solution, and standing for more than 12 hours to enable chlorosulfonic acid molecules to enter the inside of the carbon nano tube film until the carbon nano tube film is in a soft state.
3. The post-treatment method for greatly improving the performance of a carbon nanotube film according to claim 1, wherein the step (2) comprises: placing the carbon nano tube film fully soaked in chlorosulfonic acid in moist air, so that chlorosulfonic acid molecules in the carbon nano tube film can fully react with water molecules in the air, thereby generating sulfuric acid molecules in the carbon nano tube film, enabling the water molecules to enter the carbon nano tube film, and enabling the surface of the carbon nano tube film to be free of hydrogen chloride white fog.
4. The post-treatment method for greatly improving the performance of a carbon nanotube film according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the expansion ratio of the expanded carbon nanotube film is 500 to 1000 times.
5. The post-treatment method for greatly improving the performance of a carbon nanotube film according to claim 1, wherein the step (4) comprises: stretching 50% -500% and preferably 200% -400% of the expanded carbon nanotube film, and keeping the carbon nanotube film stationary for more than 2 hours after the carbon nanotube film is straightened; and then straightening and standing again, and repeating the steps for more than three times until the stretching of the carbon nano tube film is finally realized.
6. The post-treatment method for greatly improving the performance of a carbon nanotube film according to claim 1, wherein the step (5) comprises: and (3) soaking the drawn carbon nano tube film in chlorosulfonic acid again, and standing for more than 12 hours.
7. The post-treatment method for greatly improving the performance of a carbon nanotube film according to claim 1, wherein the step (6) comprises: placing the carbon nano tube film re-infiltrated with chlorosulfonic acid in vacuum annealing equipment, and vacuumizing a reaction chamber of the vacuum annealing equipment until the vacuum is pumped to be less than 10 -2 And heating the vacuum annealing equipment at the heating rate of less than 10 ℃/min at the heating temperature of not higher than 300 ℃, preferably 100-300 ℃ for not lower than 3 hours when Pa, so that chlorosulfonic acid in the carbon nano tube film is completely removed.
8. The post-treatment method for greatly improving the performance of a carbon nanotube film according to any one of claims l to 7, wherein: the thickness of the high-strength and high-conductivity carbon nano tube film is more than hundred nanometers.
9. Use of the post-treatment method according to any one of claims l-8 for the preparation of high performance carbon nanotube film composites.
10. A high-performance carbon nanotube film composite material, which is formed by compounding the high-strength and high-conductivity carbon nanotube film prepared by the post-treatment method for greatly improving the performance of the carbon nanotube film according to any one of claims 1 to 8 with a high-performance material, wherein the high-performance material comprises at least any one of graphene and Mxene.
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