CN116222150A - 一种包括放散氮气储能发电装置的空分装置 - Google Patents

一种包括放散氮气储能发电装置的空分装置 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN116222150A
CN116222150A CN202211093052.9A CN202211093052A CN116222150A CN 116222150 A CN116222150 A CN 116222150A CN 202211093052 A CN202211093052 A CN 202211093052A CN 116222150 A CN116222150 A CN 116222150A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
nitrogen
energy
heat exchanger
medium
power generation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202211093052.9A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
童莉葛
刘禹锌
尹少武
王立
刘传平
张培昆
瞿楠
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
University of Science and Technology Beijing USTB
Original Assignee
University of Science and Technology Beijing USTB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by University of Science and Technology Beijing USTB filed Critical University of Science and Technology Beijing USTB
Priority to CN202211093052.9A priority Critical patent/CN116222150A/zh
Publication of CN116222150A publication Critical patent/CN116222150A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04406—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system
    • F25J3/04412—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system in a classical double column flowsheet, i.e. with thermal coupling by a main reboiler-condenser in the bottom of low pressure respectively top of high pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04048—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams
    • F25J3/04054—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams of air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0012—Primary atmospheric gases, e.g. air
    • F25J1/0015—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/004—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by flash gas recovery
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0042—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by liquid expansion with extraction of work
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0045—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by vaporising a liquid return stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0201—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration
    • F25J1/0202—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration in a quasi-closed internal refrigeration loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0234—Integration with a cryogenic air separation unit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0235—Heat exchange integration
    • F25J1/0242—Waste heat recovery, e.g. from heat of compression
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
    • F25J1/0245—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control
    • F25J1/0251—Intermittent or alternating process, so-called batch process, e.g. "peak-shaving"
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04012—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling
    • F25J3/0403—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling of nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04078—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression
    • F25J3/04084—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression of nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04078—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression
    • F25J3/0409—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression of oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04163—Hot end purification of the feed air
    • F25J3/04169—Hot end purification of the feed air by adsorption of the impurities
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04187—Cooling of the purified feed air by recuperative heat-exchange; Heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04218—Parallel arrangement of the main heat exchange line in cores having different functions, e.g. in low pressure and high pressure cores
    • F25J3/04224—Cores associated with a liquefaction or refrigeration cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04333—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using quasi-closed loop internal vapor compression refrigeration cycles, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/04351—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using quasi-closed loop internal vapor compression refrigeration cycles, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of nitrogen
    • F25J3/04357—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using quasi-closed loop internal vapor compression refrigeration cycles, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of nitrogen and comprising a gas work expansion loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04375—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc.
    • F25J3/04387—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc. using liquid or hydraulic turbine expansion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04375—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc.
    • F25J3/04393—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc. using multiple or multistage gas work expansion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04521—Coupling of the air fractionation unit to an air gas-consuming unit, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J3/04563—Integration with a nitrogen consuming unit, e.g. for purging, inerting, cooling or heating
    • F25J3/04575—Integration with a nitrogen consuming unit, e.g. for purging, inerting, cooling or heating for a gas expansion plant, e.g. dilution of the combustion gas in a gas turbine
    • F25J3/04581—Hot gas expansion of indirect heated nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04642—Recovering noble gases from air
    • F25J3/04648—Recovering noble gases from air argon
    • F25J3/04654—Producing crude argon in a crude argon column
    • F25J3/04666—Producing crude argon in a crude argon column as a parallel working rectification column of the low pressure column in a dual pressure main column system
    • F25J3/04672—Producing crude argon in a crude argon column as a parallel working rectification column of the low pressure column in a dual pressure main column system having a top condenser
    • F25J3/04678—Producing crude argon in a crude argon column as a parallel working rectification column of the low pressure column in a dual pressure main column system having a top condenser cooled by oxygen enriched liquid from high pressure column bottoms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04642—Recovering noble gases from air
    • F25J3/04648—Recovering noble gases from air argon
    • F25J3/04721—Producing pure argon, e.g. recovered from a crude argon column
    • F25J3/04727—Producing pure argon, e.g. recovered from a crude argon column using an auxiliary pure argon column for nitrogen rejection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04769—Operation, control and regulation of the process; Instrumentation within the process
    • F25J3/04812—Different modes, i.e. "runs" of operation
    • F25J3/04842—Intermittent process, so-called batch process
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/08—Separating gaseous impurities from gases or gaseous mixtures or from liquefied gases or liquefied gaseous mixtures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/24—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using regenerators, cold accumulators or reversible heat exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/04—Compressor cooling arrangement, e.g. inter- or after-stage cooling or condensate removal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2235/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams
    • F25J2235/42—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams the fluid being nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
    • F25J2240/02—Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream
    • F25J2240/12—Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream the fluid being nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
    • F25J2240/90—Hot gas waste turbine of an indirect heated gas for power generation

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种包括放散氮气储能发电装置的空分装置，所述空分装置包括第一氮气压缩机(12)、氮气产品管道以及放散氮气管道，所述氮气产品管道和所述放散氮气管道并联到所述第一氮气压缩机，通过所述第一氮气压缩机加压后输出中压氮气产品和中压放散氮气；以及所述放散氮气储能发电装置包括储能回路和释能发电回路，所述放散氮气储能发电装置将所述中压放散氮气做为冷‑电转化介质，在所述储能回路中将所述中压放散氮气液化存储，并在所述释能发电回路中释能部分存储的液氮进行膨胀发电，所述释能发电回路中释能出口端氮气管道连通到所述氮气产品管道，输出中压氮气作为中压氮气产品。本发明降低了成本，提高了能量和物质利用率。

Description

一种包括放散氮气储能发电装置的空分装置
技术领域
本发明涉及电网调峰、储能发电技术、空分技术领域，特别是指一种包括放散氮气储能发电装置的空分装置和物质回收方法。
背景技术
随着人民生活水平的不断提高，生活用电规模不断提升，这导致了电网供电峰谷差日益增大，由于我国燃煤发电占比高，巨大的供电峰谷差需要大量调峰负荷机组，这使得机组发电效率降低，碳排放量大。同时，由于可再生能源发电输出具有不稳定性，难以满足电网负荷调控需求。储能技术日趋成为解决电网调控负荷的重要支撑技术。低温储能技术(LAES)是一种将电能转化为低温流体(如液空、液氮)的冷能进行储存，并在需要时利用汽化和膨胀手段将冷能转换为电能的储能技术，其具有安全性、无地理限制和环境友好等性质。但独立低温储能技术面临着***不可逆损失大、能量循环回收效率低、初始设备数量多、初始投资大、成本回收期较长等问题。因此，将低温储能技术与现有工艺***的高效匹配是解决其应用限制的重要手段。
作为工业生产领域的重要基础设备，空分工艺广泛应用于煤化工、石油炼化和冶金三大行业。空分工艺制冷能级与低温储能技术相匹配，且由于工业生产过程中存在的供需失衡问题，空分设备长期存在着氧气/氮气放散导致***能量和物质利用率低的现状，这使得空分工艺与低温储能技术具有巨大的结合应用前景。
现阶段，现有技术已经提出利用液空和液氮两种空分储能相关技术，但关于利用空分装置中放散氮气的储能技术在现有技术中未有提到。另外，现有技术中释能过程液氮的回收利用也存在多种方式，将液氮加压复热气化后进行膨胀发电，但该方法仍然存在着冷能间接利用等问题，能源利用率较低。对此，本发明针对空分储能装置储能、释能过程工艺所存在的缺陷，提出了一种在空分装置中利用放散氮气的储能发电装置和物质回收方法，针对放散氮气进行再利用和物质能量的回收，对空分装置与低温储能技术的结合方式做出了新设计。
发明内容
在下文中将给出关于本公开内容的简要概述，以便提供关于本公开内容某些方面的基本理解。应当理解，此概述并不是关于本公开内容的穷举性概述。它并不是意图确定本公开内容的关键或重要部分，也不是意图限定本公开内容的范围。其目的仅仅是以简化的形式给出某些概念，以此作为稍后论述的更详细描述的前序。
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种包括放散氮气储能发电装置的空分装置和物质回收方法，该储能发电装置和物质回收方法以空分装置的放散氮气为储能介质，包括与氮膨胀制冷空分装置共用氮气压缩机的储能过程，和以出口端氮气作为氮气产品替代原氮气产品的释能过程。本发明的物质回收方法，实现空分装置中放散氮气的再利用以及释能过程放散氮气物质能量的有效回收。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供技术方案如下：
本发明提供一种包括放散氮气储能发电装置的空分装置，其特征在于：所述空分装置包括第一氮气压缩机(12)、氮气产品管道以及放散氮气管道，所述氮气产品管道和所述放散氮气管道并联到所述第一氮气压缩机，通过所述第一氮气压缩机加压后输出中压氮气产品和中压放散氮气；以及所述放散氮气储能发电装置包括储能回路和释能发电回路，所述放散氮气储能发电装置将所述中压放散氮气做为冷-电转化介质，在所述储能回路中将所述中压放散氮气液化存储，并在所述释能发电回路中释能部分存储的液氮进行膨胀发电，所述释能发电回路中释能出口端氮气管道连通到所述氮气产品管道，输出中压氮气作为中压氮气产品。
进一步的，其中，所述放散氮气储能发电装置包括第三氮气压缩机(25)、第一换热器(26)、第二换热器(27)、第三换热器(28)、低温膨胀机(29)、液氮储罐(30)、低温油罐(35)、低温油泵(36)、第一储冷罐(45)、第二低温泵(46)、第二储冷罐(47)和第三低温泵(48)，其中，所述储能回路利用所述第三氮气压缩机(25)将所述中压放散氮气加压，利用所述第一换热器(26)、所述第二换热器(27)和所述第三换热器(28)冷却后，利用低温膨胀机(29)将加压后的放散氮气膨胀液化存储于所述液氮储罐(30)中，并且，所述液氮储罐(30)顶部出口的分离氮气经所述第三换热器(28)和所述第二换热器(27)输入至所述第一氮气压缩机(12)机前的输入通道进行储能循环；所述储能回路利用存放于所述低温油罐(35)、所述第一储冷罐(45)和所述第二储冷罐(47)的低温介质对加压后的中压放散氮气提供冷能，通过所述第一换热器(26)、所述第二换热器(27)和所述第三换热器(28)依次将冷能传递给加压后的中压放散氮气。
进一步的，其中，利用所述低温油泵(36)加压所述低温油罐(35)的低温介质进入所述第一换热器(26)，利用所述第二低温泵(46)加压所述第一储冷罐(45)的低温介质进入所述第二换热器(27)，利用所述第三低温泵(48)加压所述第二储冷罐(47)的低温介质进入所述第三换热器(28)提供冷能。
进一步的，其中，所述放散氮气储能发电装置还包括第一低温泵(31)、第四换热器(37)、第五换热器(38)、第六换热器(39)、第三透平膨胀发电机(40)、第七换热器(41)、第四透平膨胀发电机(42)、第八换热器(43)、第五透平膨胀发电机(44)、散热器(34)、高温油罐(32)和高温油泵(33)，其中，所述释能发电回路利用所述液氮储罐(30)中的液氮经所述第一低温泵(31)加压，然后依次在所述第四换热器(37)中被回收冷量、在所述第五换热器(38)中被回收冷量、在所述第六换热器(39)中被回收冷量、在所述第三透平膨胀发电机(40)中进行膨胀发电、在所述第七换热器(41)中被回收冷量、在所述第四透平膨胀发电机(42)中进行膨胀发电、在所述第八换热器(43)中被回收冷量和在所述第五透平膨胀发电机(44)中进行膨胀发电后输出中压氮气作为中压氮气产品。
进一步的，其中，所述释能发电回路利用存放于所述高温油罐(32)的高温介质，利用所述高温油泵(33)加压，依次经所述第八换热器(43)、所述第七换热器(41)和所述第六换热器(39)回收液氮冷能，经所述散热器(34)散热后，存储于所述低温油罐(35)。
进一步的，其中，所述第五透平膨胀发电机(44)的出口端与所述氮气产品管道连通。
进一步的，其中，所述储能回路在谷电期间运行。
进一步的，其中，所述释能发电回路在峰电期间运行。
本发明的上述技术方案的有益效果如下：
本发明考虑到空分装置的电力消费巨大，将低温储能技术与空分工艺进行有机融合，以空分装置中放散气体为原料进行储能发电，不仅能够降低现有低温储能工艺的不可逆损失，还能提高空分工艺的能量和物质利用率，更能实现空分的规模储能和调节电网峰谷差的作用。另外，本发明将空分与低温储能技术结合，可显著降低初始设备数量和投资需求，提高企业的经济效益。上述方案中，通过在氮膨胀制冷空分装置的基础上增设一套以放散氮气为储能介质、储能部分与氮膨胀制冷空分装置共用氮气压缩机、释能部分出口端氮气作为氮气产品替代空分装置的氮气产品的储释能装置，实现氮气产品放散空分装置的物质能量的高效循环利用。该技术既降低了空分装置直接结合低温储能技术时改造的初始设备和资金需求，还提高了空分装置的能量和物质利用率，更降低了峰电期的电能需求和节约了生产用电成本；同时，增加谷期用电负荷、降低峰电用电负荷可以有效平衡电网，促进部分调峰机组转为基负荷机组或大型发电机组，从而提高机组发电效率，实现电网侧的节能减排。
附图说明
参照附图下面说明本公开内容的具体内容，这将有助于更加容易地理解本公开内容的以上和其他目的、特点和优点。附图只是为了示出本公开内容的原理。在附图中不必依照比例绘制出单元的尺寸和相对位置。
图1为现有氮气膨胀制冷空分装置示意图；
图2为本发明的包括放散氮气储能发电装置的空分装置示意图；
图3为本发明的放散氮气储能发电装置的储能回路示意图；
图4为本发明的放散氮气储能发电装置的释能发电回路示意图；
图5为氮气放散率与用电成本节约率的关系图；
图6为峰谷电价比与用电成本节约率的关系图；
其中：1-空气过滤器；2-空气压缩机；3-空冷塔；4-水冷塔；5-冷却水泵；6-冷冻水泵；7-冷水机组；8-分子筛吸附器；9-***；10-电加热器；11-主换热器；12-第一氮气压缩机；13-第二氮气压缩机；14-第一透平膨胀发电机；15-第二透平膨胀发电机；16-低压塔；17-主冷凝蒸发器；18-高压塔；19-过冷器；20-液氧泵；21-粗氩塔；22-粗液氩泵；23-精氩塔；24-精氩泵；25-第三氮气压缩机；26-第一换热器；27-第二换热器；28-第三换热器；29-低温膨胀机；30-液氮储罐；31-第一低温泵；32-高温油罐；33-高温油泵；34-散热器；35-低温油罐；36-低温油泵；37-第四换热器；38-第五换热器；39-第六换热器；40-第三透平膨胀发电机；41-第七换热器；42-第四透平膨胀发电机；43-第八换热器；44-第五透平膨胀发电机；45-第一储冷罐；46-第二低温泵；47-第二储冷罐；48-第三低温泵。
具体实施方式
在下文中将结合附图对本公开内容的示例性公开内容进行描述。为了清楚和简明起见，在说明书中并未描述实现本公开内容的所有特征。然而，应该了解，在开发任何这种实现本公开内容的过程中可以做出很多特定于本公开内容的决定，以便实现开发人员的具体目标，并且这些决定可能会随着本公开内容的不同而有所改变。
在此，还需要说明的是，为了避免因不必要的细节而模糊了本公开内容，在附图中仅仅示出了与根据本公开内容的方案密切相关的管网结构，而省略了与本公开内容关系不大的其他细节。
应理解的是，本公开内容并不会由于如下参照附图的描述而只限于所描述的实施形式。本文中，在可行的情况下，不同实施方案之间的特征可替换或借用、以及在一个实施方案中可省略一个或多个特征。
本发明为解决现有技术中空分装置氮气产品放散时能源利用率低，空分工艺直接结合液氮储能工艺投资设备数量大和储-释能过程能源利用率提升有限等问题，提供一种包括放散氮气储能发电装置的空分装置的分级发电工艺和物质回收方法，实现空分装置放散氮气的物质能量的高效回收与利用。
该方法通过在常规氮气膨胀制冷空分装置的基础上增设液氮储能装置，利用放散氮气作为冷能-电转化介质，将常规释能工艺的直接膨胀发电流程，转换为膨胀至空分装置的氮气产品压力的发电过程与并入空分装置氮气产品管网的物质回收过程相结合的分级发电与物质回收流程，实现空分装置的放散氮气再利用和降低峰值电消耗量。
参见图1，其中相同的附图标记表示相同的元件，图1示出本公开的现有氮气膨胀制冷空分装置示意图。其中，原料空气先在空气过滤器1中去除灰尘，然后在空气压缩机2中加压，并在空冷塔3中进行冷却和洗涤，再经过分子筛吸附器8的吸附和纯化后进入主换热器11被冷却至露点温度，最后进入高压塔18。进入高压塔18的原料空气在塔内进行组分分离，在高压塔18底部得到富氧液空，富氧液空在过冷器19中冷却后进入精氩塔23底部和粗氩塔21顶部进行换热，最后进入低压塔16顶部；在高压塔18中上部抽取部分高纯氮气送入氮气管道；在高压塔18顶部得到高纯度氮气，高纯度氮气经过主冷凝蒸发器17与来自低压塔16底部的液氧进行热交换，冷凝液氮一部分回流到高压塔18，一部分在过冷器19中过冷后送入低压塔16顶部，另一部分作为液氮产品输出。在低压塔16底部得到高纯液氧，液氧经液氧泵20加压后进入主换热器11，经气化和复热后作为氧产品输出；在低压塔16的中部抽出富氩馏分气体送入粗氩塔21底部进行精馏；在低压塔16的中上部抽出污氮气，经过冷器19和主换热器11复热后送往纯化***和预冷***；在低压塔16的顶部抽出高纯氮气，经过冷器19和主换热器11回收冷量后，超出需求量的氮气作为放散氮气进入污氮气管道排出，因此氮气存在放散时能源利用率低，其余进入第一氮气压缩机12进行压缩，加压后的中压氮气一部分作为氮气产品输出，另一部分经第二氮气压缩机13加压后作为高压氮气进入主换热器11。高压氮气在主换热器11中冷却后分为两部分：一部分进入高压塔18上部；另一部分进入第一透平膨胀发电机14进行膨胀发电后，将冷量传递回主换热器11，并进入第二透平膨胀发电机15中进行膨胀发电，最后进入氮气管道。在粗氩塔21的底部获得纯度较高液氧，经粗氩泵22加压后将其送回低压塔16中部；在粗氩塔21的上部获得粗气氩，粗气氩在粗氩塔21顶部与过冷液空换热后，部分回流至粗氩塔21上部，部分直接送入精氩塔23下部；在粗氩塔21顶部的吸热液空重返低压塔16中部参与精馏。在精氩塔23底部获得纯液氩，经精氩泵24加压后作为液氩产品输出。
如图2，为本发明实施例中包括放散氮气储能发电装置的空分装置示意图。从图2中可以看出，该空分装置是在图1所示的现有氮气膨胀制冷空分装置的基础上，增加了以放散氮气为储能介质的液氮储能发电装置(图2中标号25至48，具体结构参见下面图3的储能回路和图4的释能发电回路)，其中，放散氮气并未进入污氮气管道排出，而是进入第一氮气压缩机12进行压缩，加压后的中压氮气一部分作为氮气产品输出，另一部分进入放散氮气储能发电装置，利用放散氮气进行储能和发电，同时将放散氮气储能发电装置中第五透平膨胀发电机44的出口端连通至空分装置的氮气产品管道，完成了放散氮气的储能过程和回收再利用过程。
如图3，为本发明实施例中放散氮气储能发电装置的储能回路示意图。储能过程在谷电期间进行，经过第一氮气压缩机12压缩加压后的放散氮气成为中压氮气，在第三氮气压缩机25中进一步加压，分别被第一换热器26中的低温介质、第二换热器27的低温介质和第三换热器28的低温介质冷却后，进入低温膨胀机29中膨胀至常压，最终作为所要储存的液氮产品进入液氮储罐30，具体地，第一换热器26中的低温介质可以是低温热油，第二换热器27的低温介质可以是甲醇，第三换热器28的低温介质可以是丙烷。在液氮储罐30中的气态氮经第二换热器27和第三换热器28回收冷量后，送至空分装置的氮气管道继续完成储能过程。其中，低温热油经低温油泵36从低温油罐35泵至第一换热器26，并存储于高温油罐32中；甲醇和丙烷分别由第二低温泵46和第三低温泵48驱动，并分别存储于第一储冷罐45和第二储冷罐47中。该过程中，第一低温泵31、散热器34、第三透平膨胀发电机40、第四透平膨胀发电机42和第五透平膨胀发电机44停止运行，其余装置均正常工作。本发明的放散氮气储能发电装置的储能过程不同于现有技术的氮气液化储能装置的设置，现有技术是在空分装置的基础上设置一套独立的氮气液化储能装置，空分装置并不输出中压氮气产品，而是直接输出常压氮气，将空分装置的常压氮气直接从大气压压缩至高压进行液化储能，而本发明的储能过程利用空分装置输出氮气产品的中低压氮气压缩机组即第一氮气压缩机12的冗余压缩能力将放散氮气及储能回流氮气初步压缩至中压。参见图1所示，由于现有技术的空分装置的氮气放散过程中氮气被在低压状态下放散，即在进入第一氮气压缩机12前被旁通至污氮气管道输出，则第一氮气压缩机12的压缩能力并未得到充分利用且处于较低效率的生产状态。通过利用空分装置的中低压氮气压缩机组压缩放散氮气及储能回流氮气的方法，这部分冗余压缩能力被充分利用，不仅提高了第一氮气压缩机12的压缩效率，减少了放散氮气储能发电装置的储能、释能工艺中高压氮气压缩机组即第三氮气压缩机25的压比和能耗，提高了放散氮气的能源利用率，也极大的降低了独立设置的储能、释能工艺的初始设备数量需求，即减少了空分装置直接结合低温储能装置改造的初始设备投资需求，可有效降低现有技术的空分装置进行储能工艺改造的项目回收期。
如图4，为本发明实施例中设计的放散氮气储能发电装置的释能发电回路示意图。释能发电过程在峰电期间进行，液氮储罐30中的液氮经第一低温泵31加压，在第四换热器37、第五换热器38和第六换热器39中回收冷量，进入第三透平膨胀发电机40中进行膨胀发电，第七经换热器41加热后，进入第四透平膨胀发电机42中进行膨胀发电，经第八换热器43加热后，进入第五透平膨胀发电机44中膨胀发电后至空分氮气产品压力，最后作为氮气产品并入空分装置的氮气产品管道输出。同时，将超出需求的放散氮气并入污氮气管道中排出。其中，高温热油经高温油泵33从高温油罐32泵送至第六换热器39、第七换热器41和第八换热器43进行热交换，在经过散热器34散热后存储于低温油罐35。该过程中，第三氮气压缩机25、低温膨胀机29和低温油泵36停止运行，其余装置均正常工作。本发明的释能发电过程不同于现有技术中直接膨胀至常压的常规释能工艺，通过将释能发电回路终端出口的氮气膨胀至空分装置的氮气产品压力，既能发电的同时也再利用了放散氮气，并且放散氮气在释能发电过程的再利用可以降低峰电期间空分装置的氮气生产负荷，即降低了氮气压缩机的进气量和耗电量，不仅提高了空分装置的能源利用效率，更降低了电力生产成本。
下面给出一个实施例，对本公开的具体实施方式做进一步详细描述。本过程以上述空分产氧量75000Nm3·h-1的包括放散氮气储能发电装置的空分装置的分级发电与产品回收方法为例。假设电网峰、平、谷电时长均为8h，电价以表1所示中国北京市工业电价为标准，通过对该工艺流程实施电力需求侧管理，设计选择谷电期间进行放散氮气液化储能，峰电期间进行液氮膨胀发电和产品回收，平电期间只进行空分装置的常规生产，空分装置的精馏***以100％设计负荷下运行。
表1.北京市工业电价标准
Figure BDA0003837785120000131
本发明通过利用ASPEN PLUS V11模拟软件对上述实例的氮气放散率0-50％的储能、释能过程进行建模和初步模拟计算。模拟过程中，压缩机的机械效率为0.98、等熵效率为0.89，透平膨胀机的等熵效率0.9，低温泵的等熵效率为0.75，各管路和设备组件中的能量和阻力损失均忽略不计。
该方法在储能、释能切换过程需要改变氮气压缩机负荷，对于压缩机而言，通常其流量安全运行范围为60％-120％，本实例中，当氮气放散率为50％时，储能过程的第一氮气压缩机12的进气流量最高，为设计量的111.1％，释能过程的氮气压缩机进气流量为设计量的70.1％，符合安全运行范围。
本发明基于该装置储能、释能过程的综合耗电情况，***地分析了其经济效益，图5为氮气放散率对本发明实施案例中空分产氧量75000Nm3·h-1的包括放散氮气储能发电装置的空分装置的分级发电与产品回收工艺用电成本节约率的影响。氮气放散率与用电成本节约率成正相关，当氮气放散率约为50％时，本发明实例节约了2％的用电成本。
图6为峰谷电价比对本发明实施案例中空分产氧量75000Nm3·h-1的包括放散氮气储能发电装置的空分装置的分级发电与产品回收工艺用电成本节约的影响。峰谷电价比与用电成本节约率成正相关，当峰谷电价比越大，包括放散氮气储能发电装置的空分装置的用电成本节约率越高，随着峰谷电价比增大，节约的用电成本增大，当峰谷电价比为3.5时，本发明实例节约了3％的用电成本。
另外，考虑到空分设备在工业领域的应用范围和耗电占比情况，该包括放散氮气储能发电装置的空分装置的分级发电与产品回收工艺将会显著改善我国的电网峰谷用电现状，有效促进我国电网的削峰填谷。提高电网发电机组的稳定性和运行效率，同时推动小中型调峰机组向基负荷机组或被新型大容量发电机组转变，从而降低发电煤耗和碳排放。
上述具体实施方式，仅为说明本发明的技术构思和结构特征，目的在于让熟悉此项技术的相关人士能够据以实施，但以上内容并不限制本发明的保护范围，凡是依据本发明的技术特点所作的任何等效变化或修饰，均应落入本发明的保护范围之内。
以上结合具体的实施方案对本公开内容进行了描述，但本领域技术人员应该清楚，这些描述都是示例性的，并不是对本公开内容的保护范围的限制。本领域技术人员可以根据本公开内容的精神和原理对本公开内容做出各种变型和修改，这些变型和修改也在本公开内容的范围内。

Claims (8)

1.一种包括放散氮气储能发电装置的空分装置，其特征在于：所述空分装置包括第一氮气压缩机(12)、氮气产品管道以及放散氮气管道，所述氮气产品管道和所述放散氮气管道并联到所述第一氮气压缩机，通过所述第一氮气压缩机加压后输出中压氮气产品和中压放散氮气；以及
所述放散氮气储能发电装置包括储能回路和释能发电回路，所述放散氮气储能发电装置将所述中压放散氮气做为冷-电转化介质，在所述储能回路中将所述中压放散氮气液化存储，并在所述释能发电回路中释能部分存储的液氮进行膨胀发电，所述释能发电回路中释能出口端氮气管道连通到所述氮气产品管道，输出中压氮气作为中压氮气产品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的包括放散氮气储能发电装置的空分装置，其中，所述放散氮气储能发电装置包括第三氮气压缩机(25)、第一换热器(26)、第二换热器(27)、第三换热器(28)、低温膨胀机(29)、液氮储罐(30)、低温油罐(35)、低温油泵(36)、第一储冷罐(45)、第二低温泵(46)、第二储冷罐(47)和第三低温泵(48)，其中，所述储能回路利用所述第三氮气压缩机(25)将所述中压放散氮气加压，利用所述第一换热器(26)、所述第二换热器(27)和所述第三换热器(28)冷却后，利用低温膨胀机(29)将加压后的放散氮气膨胀液化存储于所述液氮储罐(30)中，并且，所述液氮储罐(30)顶部出口的分离氮气经所述第三换热器(28)和所述第二换热器(27)输入至所述第一氮气压缩机(12)机前的输入通道进行储能循环；所述储能回路利用存放于所述低温油罐(35)、所述第一储冷罐(45)和所述第二储冷罐(47)的低温介质对加压后的中压放散氮气提供冷能，通过所述第一换热器(26)、所述第二换热器(27)和所述第三换热器(28)依次将冷能传递给加压后的中压放散氮气。
3.根据权利要求2所述的包括放散氮气储能发电装置的空分装置，其中，利用所述低温油泵(36)加压所述低温油罐(35)的低温介质进入所述第一换热器(26)，利用所述第二低温泵(46)加压所述第一储冷罐(45)的低温介质进入所述第二换热器(27)，利用所述第三低温泵(48)加压所述第二储冷罐(47)的低温介质进入所述第三换热器(28)提供冷能。
4.根据权利要求2所述的包括放散氮气储能发电装置的空分装置，其中，所述放散氮气储能发电装置还包括第一低温泵(31)、第四换热器(37)、第五换热器(38)、第六换热器(39)、第三透平膨胀发电机(40)、第七换热器(41)、第四透平膨胀发电机(42)、第八换热器(43)、第五透平膨胀发电机(44)、散热器(34)、高温油罐(32)和高温油泵(33)，其中，所述释能发电回路利用所述液氮储罐(30)中的液氮经所述第一低温泵(31)加压，然后依次在所述第四换热器(37)中被回收冷量、在所述第五换热器(38)中被回收冷量、在所述第六换热器(39)中被回收冷量、在所述第三透平膨胀发电机(40)中进行膨胀发电、在所述第七换热器(41)中被回收冷量、在所述第四透平膨胀发电机(42)中进行膨胀发电、在所述第八换热器(43)中被回收冷量和在所述第五透平膨胀发电机(44)中进行膨胀发电后输出中压氮气作为中压氮气产品。
5.根据权利要求4所述的包括放散氮气储能发电装置的空分装置，其中，所述释能发电回路利用存放于所述高温油罐(32)的高温介质，利用所述高温油泵(33)加压，依次经所述第八换热器(43)、所述第七换热器(41)和所述第六换热器(39)回收液氮冷能，经所述散热器(34)散热后，存储于所述低温油罐(35)。
6.根据权利要求4所述的包括放散氮气储能发电装置的空分装置，其中，所述第五透平膨胀发电机(44)的出口端与所述氮气产品管道连通。
7.根据权利要求1所述的包括放散氮气储能发电装置的空分装置，其中，所述储能回路在谷电期间运行。
8.根据权利要求1所述的包括放散氮气储能发电装置的空分装置，其中，所述释能发电回路在峰电期间运行。
CN202211093052.9A 2022-09-08 2022-09-08 一种包括放散氮气储能发电装置的空分装置 Pending CN116222150A (zh)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202211093052.9A CN116222150A (zh) 2022-09-08 2022-09-08 一种包括放散氮气储能发电装置的空分装置

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202211093052.9A CN116222150A (zh) 2022-09-08 2022-09-08 一种包括放散氮气储能发电装置的空分装置

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN116222150A true CN116222150A (zh) 2023-06-06

Family

ID=86575573

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202211093052.9A Pending CN116222150A (zh) 2022-09-08 2022-09-08 一种包括放散氮气储能发电装置的空分装置

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN116222150A (zh)

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN112963207B (zh) 一种液化空气混合储能与发电一体化***及方法
CN110319652B (zh) 一种用于储释能的空气分离制氧装置
US10100979B2 (en) Liquid air as energy storage
CN110701870B (zh) 一种利用lng冷能的空分装置和方法
CN111043833B (zh) 一种具有储能和发电功能的内压缩空分工艺流程
He et al. A novel air separation unit with energy storage and generation and its energy efficiency and economy analysis
CN114034158B (zh) 一种氢气液化装置
CN113739516B (zh) 一种空分储能耦合富氧燃烧的***及方法
CN217737678U (zh) 一种耦合lng冷能及orc的液化空气储能***
CN112145248B (zh) 具有储能、发电和物质回收功能的外压缩空分工艺流程
WO2014114258A1 (zh) 一种等压分离制取氧氮的空分装置
WO2014114138A1 (zh) 一种等压分离制取氧氮的空分装置
CN111811213A (zh) 具有储能和物质能量资源高效回收的内压缩空分工艺流程
CN115750009A (zh) 碳捕集和液化天然气冷能利用的储能电力调峰***及运行方法
CN116006292A (zh) 一种耦合lng冷能、orc技术和自然热源的液化空气储能***及其工作方法
CN215724557U (zh) 一种空分储能耦合富氧燃烧的***
CN113686099B (zh) 一种基于内压缩空分储能装置的物质回收方法
Wen et al. Simulation and analysis of a peak regulation gas power plant with advanced energy storage and cryogenic CO2 capture
CN110185506B (zh) 一种天然气调压站压力能综合利用***
CN117190625A (zh) 基于lng浅中深冷温区分段式的冷能回收与梯级利用***
US20230212768A1 (en) Device and method for producing hydrogen and byproduct oxygen by using green electricity electrolyzed water
CN109595461B (zh) 一种lng再气化与液态空气制备***及工作方法
CN113670003B (zh) 高安全性的储能、发电和物质回收外压缩空分工艺流程
CN114777412B (zh) 一种具有热虹吸式氢过冷器的氢气液化装置
CN116222150A (zh) 一种包括放散氮气储能发电装置的空分装置

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination