CN110701870B - 一种利用lng冷能的空分装置和方法 - Google Patents

一种利用lng冷能的空分装置和方法 Download PDF

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CN110701870B
CN110701870B CN201910826062.0A CN201910826062A CN110701870B CN 110701870 B CN110701870 B CN 110701870B CN 201910826062 A CN201910826062 A CN 201910826062A CN 110701870 B CN110701870 B CN 110701870B
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air
refrigerant
cold energy
lng
air separation
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CN110701870A (zh
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薛鲁
江楚标
贾盛兰
孙宁
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Suzhou Xinglu Air Separation Plant Science And Technology Development Co ltd
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Suzhou Xinglu Air Separation Plant Science And Technology Development Co ltd
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    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04012—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling
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    • F25J3/0403—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling of nitrogen
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    • F25J2270/904—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration by liquid or gaseous cryogen in an open loop

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种利用LNG冷能的空分装置，包括对原料空气进行压缩和净化的空气压缩净化***、对压缩净化后的原料空气进行精馏而获取空分产品的大冷箱***、用于实现LNG与为大冷箱***提供冷能的氮之间换热的小冷箱***、利用出小冷箱***的天然气冷能的制冷剂循环***、利用出制冷剂循环***的天然气冷能的冷却剂循环***。本发明能够使液化天然气的冷能得到更好的梯级利用，使液体空分产品的单位能耗得到了进一步降低，可节省设备投资，取得更好的经济效益和减排效益。

Description

一种利用LNG冷能的空分装置和方法
技术领域
本发明属于空分技术领域，具体涉及一种利用LNG冷能的空分装置和方法。
背景技术
现有技术中，常利用LNG来为空分装置提供冷能，但目前存在对LNG冷能利用不足的问题。例如发明专利CN101943512B等文献公开的利用液化天然气冷能的空气分离方法，这些方法虽然用浅冷NG来冷却作为原料空压机中间冷却器、末级冷却器及空压机及低温氮压机油冷却器与电机的冷却液乙二醇水溶液，实现了冷能的梯级利用，但这种梯级利用效率不高，原料空压机的压缩热也白白浪费了。因此，有必要改进现有的空分装置和方法来提高LNG冷能的利用率。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种提高LNG冷能利用率，从而降低空分产品的单位能耗、节省设备投资，取得更好的经济效益和减排效益的空分装置。
为达到上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：
一种利用LNG冷能的空分装置，包括对原料空气进行压缩和净化的空气压缩净化***、对压缩净化后的原料空气进行精馏而获取空分产品的大冷箱***、用于实现LNG与为所述大冷箱***提供冷能的氮之间换热的小冷箱***、利用出所述小冷箱***的天然气冷能的制冷剂循环***、利用出所述制冷剂循环***的天然气冷能的冷却剂循环***。
优选的，所述制冷剂循环***包括通过制冷剂循环通路相连接的制冷剂液化过冷器、制冷剂加压泵、与所述空气压缩净化***中的原料空气换热的原料空气冷却器以及膨胀发电机组/制冷剂增压透平膨胀机组，所述出所述小冷箱***的天然气通过所述制冷剂液化过冷器。
所述原料空气冷却器包括中间冷却器和末级冷却器。
优选的，所述冷却剂循环***包括冷却剂换热器，出所述制冷剂循环***的天然气和冷却剂均通过所述冷却剂换热器。
优选的，所述空气压缩净化***包括依次设置的原料空压机、原料空气冷却器和纯化器。
优选的，所述大冷箱***包括依次设置的主换热器和精馏塔***。
优选的，所述小冷箱***包括LNG-氮换热器和液氮过冷器。
优选的，由所述大冷箱***输出的低温氮气经低温低压氮压机或制冷剂增压透平膨胀机组后送入所述小冷箱***。
本发明还提供一种上述空分装置采用的利用LNG冷能的空分方法，所述空分方法为：梯级利用LNG的冷能，先将LNG送入小冷箱***中与氮换热，并利用换热后的液氮为精馏原料空气而获得空分产品提供冷能；再将出所述小冷箱***的天然气送入制冷剂循环***中与制冷剂换热，并利用换热后的制冷剂去冷却压缩后的空气，被空气气化升温后的所述制冷剂去膨胀发电机组或制冷剂增压透平膨胀机组膨胀做功；最后将出所述制冷剂循环***的天然气送入冷却剂循环***中与冷却剂换热，并利用换热后的冷却剂来冷却需冷却的设备。
由于上述技术方案运用，本发明与现有技术相比具有下列优点：本发明能够使液化天然气的冷能得到更好的梯级利用，并将压缩机的废热也利用了起来，使液体空分产品的单位能耗得到了进一步降低，可节省设备投资，取得更好的经济效益和减排效益。
附图说明
附图1为本发明的实施例一的工艺流程示意图。
附图2为本发明的实施例二的工艺流程示意图。
附图3为本发明的实施例三的工艺流程示意图。
附图4为本发明的实施例三的工艺流程示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图所示的实施例对本发明作进一步描述。
实施例一：一种可同时发电的利用LNG冷能的空分装置，包括空气压缩净化***A、大冷箱***B、小冷箱***C、制冷剂循环***D和冷却剂循环***E。
空气压缩净化***A用于对原料空气进行压缩和净化，其包括依次设置的原料空压机1、原料空气冷却器2和纯化器3。原料空气冷却器2包括中间冷却器和末级冷却器。原料空气冷却器2中用制冷剂作冷媒。
大冷箱***B用于对压缩净化后的原料空气102进行精馏而获取空分产品。大冷箱***B包括依次设置的主换热器5和精馏塔***，而精馏塔***则包括上塔8、下塔10、主冷凝蒸发器9、氮液化器6和/或氧液化器14、液氮气液分离器7、11以及液氮过冷器12和液空液氧过冷器13，还可以包括氩***。大冷箱***B内液空、液氮、液氧的过冷***是可以任意组织的，可以合在一起过冷，也可以另外组织过冷。
小冷箱***C用于实现LNG与为大冷箱***提供冷能的氮之间换热。小冷箱***包括LNG-氮换热器18和液氮过冷器19。在LNG-氮换热器18的氮气出口管上还可以设置报警联锁的碳氢化合物检测仪以确保装置的安全。
制冷剂循环***D用来利用出小冷箱***C的天然气的冷能。它包括通过制冷剂循环通路相连接的制冷剂液化过冷器21、制冷剂加压泵23、与空气压缩净化***A中的原料空气换热的原料空气冷却器2以及膨胀发电机组22，出小冷箱***C的天然气通过制冷剂液化过冷器21与制冷剂401换热。制冷剂可以是R22，也可以是R134a，R143a或物性类似的其它制冷剂。为节省占地，方便配管和便于保温，制冷剂液化过冷器21也可以放在小冷箱***C内。
冷却剂循环***E用来利用出制冷剂循环***D的天然气的冷能。它包括冷却剂换热器27，出制冷剂循环***D的天然气和冷却剂501均通过冷却剂换热器27并进行换热。本实施例中，冷却剂为乙二醇水溶液。
原料空气经空气过滤器吸入，先进入原料空压机1中压缩达到0.5Mpa左右，压缩后的原料空气101在原料空气冷却器2中换热降温后去纯化器3除去二氧化碳、水、乙炔等杂质，得到压缩净化后的原料空气102。纯化器3用大冷箱来的废氮加热再生吹冷，然后废氮放空。
净化后的压缩原料空气102在主换热器5中与返流气体换热降温到规定温度后送入下塔10。空气在下塔10经初步分离后，在底部得到富氧液空103，在顶部得到压力氮气。抽出一部分压力氮气104进入氮气液化器6中与从小冷箱来的节流后液氮206换热液化后返回下塔10的顶部，实现冷量的传递。其余压力氮气进入主冷凝蒸发器9，在其中被上塔8底部的液氧冷凝成液氮。该液氮的一部分送回下塔顶以维持下塔的精馏工况，另一部分液氮111经液氮过冷器12过冷后大部分节流送入上塔8顶部参与精馏，少部分送入气液分离器11作为液氮产品。从小冷箱***来的节流后液氮206液化104后的多余部分207经液氮过冷器12过冷后送入气液分离器11作为液氮产品。出气液分离器7及氮气液化器6的压力氮气109在主换热器5复热后出冷箱，与出低温低压氮压机15的压力氮气汇合。出下塔的富氧液空103经液空液氧过冷器13过冷后节流送入上塔8中部参与精馏。送入上塔8的液氮111的大部分、富氧液空103与主冷凝蒸发器9蒸发的气氧进行再次精馏，从上塔8顶部得到低压氮气107，从上部得到污氮气106，从中部得到氩馏分，在底部得到液氧，部分液氧在主冷凝蒸发器9与从下塔顶部来的氮气换热使氮气液化成为液氮，液氧气化成氧气后参与上塔的精馏，部分液氧105从上塔底部抽出，经液空液氧过冷器13过冷后作为产品引出。从上塔8上部得到的污氮气106在液氮过冷器12，液空液氧过冷器13及主换热器5中复热出冷箱后去空气纯化器3作为再生气或放空。从上塔中部抽出的氩馏分则送入制氩***制取产品液氩，该制氩***是本行业技术人员所熟知的，在此不再细述。
从上塔8顶部得到的低压氮气107在液氮过冷器12，液空液氧过冷器13及主换热器5中复热，一部分低压氮作为产品GN2引出大冷箱***B，一部分低压氮气110从主换热器中部设定温度位置抽出。这部分低温氮气110出大冷箱***B后送入低温低压氮压机15压缩，出低温低压氮压机15后与从大冷箱***出来的压力氮109汇合成201后送入小冷箱***C。
氮气201进入LNG-氮换热器18中多次循环进行换热。首先其在LNG-氮换热器18中被冷却到-100℃~-150℃后与升温到相同温度的返流压力氮气202汇合后送入低温中压氮气压缩机一段16被压缩成压力氮气203，压力氮气203再进入LNG-氮换热器18冷却到-100℃~-150℃后，再与升温到相同温度的返流压力氮气204汇合后进入低温中压氮气压缩机组的二段17进行压缩，压缩后形成高压氮气205，高压氮气205进入LNG-氮换热器18与加压到规定压力的LNG及两股返流氮气202和204换热液化后，再进入液氮过冷器19中被两股返流氮气202、204进一步过冷后分成三路，一路经再节流成返流202，一路即返流204，一路206送大冷箱***而为大冷箱***提供冷能，将冷量传递给用于空分的精馏***。
进LNG-氮换热器18的LNG分成两路，一路301复热到0℃以上去管网，另一路还有一定冷能的浅冷NG302进入制冷剂循环***D中的制冷剂液化过冷器21，与其中的制冷剂401换热而使其液化并过冷，过冷后的制冷剂经制冷剂加压泵23加压到规定压力后送原料空压机中间冷却器和末级冷却器2去冷却原料空气，气化升温后的制冷剂401再去膨胀发电机组22膨胀降压降温并带动发电机发电，制冷剂则实现循环。中间冷却器（可以是一个，也可以是两个）和末级冷却器可以合在一起组成一个换热器与制冷剂换热，也可以分开设置组成2到3个换热器分别与制冷剂换热，然后再将2到3股制冷剂汇合成401后再进膨胀发电机组22。
出制冷剂液化过冷器21的NG302还有一些冷能，再送入冷却剂换热器27（即乙二醇水溶液换热器）与冷却剂501（即乙二醇水溶液）进行换热使冷却剂501（即乙二醇水溶液）降温，降温后的冷却剂501（即乙二醇水溶液）送原料空压机、低温氮压机和膨胀发电机组的油冷却器及电机冷却器等设备处作为冷却剂，升温后的冷却剂501（即乙二醇水溶液）经冷却剂循环泵26（即乙二醇水溶液泵）增压后实现循环。出冷却剂换热器27的NG302已达0℃以上，与301汇合后送接收站NG输出管网。
低温低压氮压机15也可以不用，这时装置的液氮产量将减少，低温低压氮气110这一路也可相应取消。
由以上方案可知，上述空分装置采用的利用LNG冷能的空分方法为：梯级利用LNG的冷能，先将LNG送入小冷箱***C中与氮换热，并利用换热后的液氮为精馏原料空气而获得空分产品提供冷能；再将出小冷箱***C的天然气的送入制冷剂循环***D中与制冷剂换热，并利用换热后的制冷剂冷却压缩后的空气（液化过冷后的制冷剂与压缩后的空气进行换热），被空气压缩后的废热气化升温后的制冷剂去膨胀发电机组22膨胀做功，提供动能；最后将出制冷剂循环***D的天然气送入冷却剂循环***E中与冷却剂换热，并利用换热后的冷却剂来冷却需冷却的设备。
实施例二：如附图2所示，一种可同时发电的利用LNG冷能的空分方法和装置，其与实施例一的主要不同是：上塔8主要是产气氧112而不是产液氧105。从小冷箱***C来的液氮206节流后的一部分去氧液化器14液化并过冷从上塔底部引出的气氧112使其成为液氧产品。
其中的低温低压氮压机15也可以不用，这时装置的液氮产量将减少，低温低压氮气110这一路也可相应取消。
实施例三：如附图3所示，一种可同时将低温低压氮气增压到工艺要求压力的利用LNG冷能的空分方法和装置，其与实施例一的主要不同是：低温低压氮气110是用制冷剂增压透平膨胀机组，即两台并连的冷剂增压透平膨胀机24、25的增压端串联压缩使其到达工艺要求压力的。冷剂增压透平膨胀机组24、25的膨胀端是并联的，增压端是串联的。出换热器2的制冷剂401被分成三路：一路去增压透平膨胀机24，一路去增压透平膨胀机25，其余的制冷剂经节流后与增压透平膨胀机24、25膨胀端出口的制冷剂汇合后去制冷剂液化过冷器21。如多余的冷剂较多，也可再设一膨胀机组发电。则出小冷箱***C的天然气的送入制冷剂循环***D中与制冷剂换热而使其液化过冷，液化过冷后的制冷剂与压缩后的空气换热，吸收空气废热后的制冷剂为制冷剂增压透平膨胀机组24、25提供动能。在该实施例中，从小冷箱***C来的液氮206经再次节流后的一部分去氧液化器14，在其中液化并过冷从上塔8底部引出的气氧112，使其成为液氧产品。
若膨胀机的增压端可以实现用两个叶轮串联增压，这时用一台膨胀机24就可能使低温低压氮气增压到工艺要求，这样就可以减少一台冷剂膨胀机25。
实施例四：如附图4所示，一种可同时将低温低压氮气增压到工艺要求压力的利用LNG冷能的空分方法和装置，其与实施例三的主要不同是：既使用了氮液化器6，又使用了氧液化器14。
应该指出，本发明不局限于上述的具体实施方式，上述的具体实施方式仅仅是示意性的，并不是限制性的，无论是液体空分装置，还是同时生产部分液体产品的内压缩流程空分装置，只要将出LNG-氮换热器的浅冷NG用来液化过冷制冷剂并将压缩机的压缩废热利用起来通过膨胀机组发电或使低压（低温）氮气增压到工艺要求的压力以取代低压（低温）氮压机，则均属于本发明的保护范围之内。
由以上各实施例可知，本发明提供了两套基本实施方案，两套方案都用小冷箱***C内生产的液氮为大冷箱***B提供冷能和部分液氮产品。第一套方案使用了以制冷剂为工质的两台增压透平膨胀机24、25，通过增压端的串联增压使低温低压氮气增压到工艺所要求的压力，以取代原来的低温低压氮压机。第二套方案则使用了制冷剂膨胀发电机组发电自用。上述方案的核心在用制冷剂作为原料空压机中间与末级冷却器2的冷却液，制冷剂吸收压缩空气的压缩废热后气化升温，然后去透平膨胀机发电机组22发电或冷剂增压透平膨胀机组24、25增压低温低压氮气到满足工艺要求。无论冷能空分的其余部分流程如何组织，由LNG换热器得到的送大冷箱***B的液氮降压后与谁换热（出下塔顶气氮，出上塔底气氧，进冷箱空气等），也无论出制冷剂液化器21的NG余冷作何利用，也无论要不要同时生产高纯液氧、内压缩氧氮产品等，只要使用了以上既能满足原料空压机中冷、末冷的冷却需要，又利用了原料空压机的压缩废热使之发电或使低温低压氮气增压到工艺要求的某种冷剂，就都是使用了本专利的核心技术。
该方案既具备了利用液化天然气冷能的空分方法可大幅度降低液体空分产品的单位电耗、可获得大量液氮产品、氩提取率高、不消耗冷却水等优点，又使浅冷天然气的冷能及原料空压机排气的废热通过制冷剂循坏实现了膨胀发电自用或取代原来的低温低压氮压机压缩低温低压氮气，使液化天然气的冷能获得了更好的梯级利用，使液体空分产品的单位能耗得到了进一步降低，可节省设备投资，取得更好的经济效益和减排效益。
本发明在现有利用LNG冷能的空分流程和装置的基础上，发展了LNG冷能的梯级利用技术，将冷能空分中LNG的浅冷冷能与原料空压机的压缩废热巧妙的组织利用起来组成发电循环发电自用或采用冷剂增压透平膨胀机增压低温低压氮气以取代原来的低温低压氮压机，通过制冷剂循环既实现了发电自用或使低温低压氮气增压以取代原来的低温低压氮压机，又不改变空压机二、三级的进气温度和末级出口的排气温度，也不改变压缩机油冷却器及电机的冷却液和冷却温度，使LNG冷能得到了更有效的利用，并将压缩空气的废热也利用了起来，从而使液体空分产品的单位电耗有明显降低，CO2减排量也明显增加，可取得更好的经济效益和社会效益。经验证，可使液体空分产品的单位电耗在原有基础上再降低约7%，使CO2减排量再增加约7%，有效增大了LNG冷能的利用效益并进一步降低了液体空分产品的成本和设备投资。在设计条件完全相同的情况下，本发明利用液化天然气冷能的空分装置其液体空分产品的单位电耗可从原来的0.36KWh/Nm3降至0.33Wh/Nm3左右，是最先进常规流程的约41%，且不消耗冷剂水，是发展循环经济、节能减排的有效举措，具有明显的社会效益和经济效益。
上述实施例只为说明本发明的技术构思及特点，其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人士能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施，并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围。凡根据本发明精神实质所作的等效变化或修饰，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (7)

1.一种利用LNG冷能的空分装置，其特征在于：所述利用LNG冷能的空分装置包括对原料空气进行压缩和净化的空气压缩净化***、对压缩净化后的原料空气进行精馏而获取空分产品的大冷箱***、用于实现LNG与为所述大冷箱***提供冷能的氮之间换热的小冷箱***、利用出所述小冷箱***的天然气冷能的制冷剂循环***、利用出所述制冷剂循环***的天然气冷能的冷却剂循环***；
所述制冷剂循环***包括通过制冷剂循环通路相连接的制冷剂液化过冷器、制冷剂加压泵、与所述空气压缩净化***中的原料空气换热的原料空气冷却器以及膨胀发电机组/制冷剂增压透平膨胀机组，所述出所述小冷箱***的天然气通过所述制冷剂液化过冷器；
由所述大冷箱***输出的低温氮气经制冷剂增压透平膨胀机组后送入所述小冷箱***。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种利用LNG冷能的空分装置，其特征在于：所述原料空气冷却器包括中间冷却器和末级冷却器。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种利用LNG冷能的空分装置，其特征在于：所述冷却剂循环***包括冷却剂换热器，出所述制冷剂循环***的天然气和冷却剂均通过所述冷却剂换热器。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种利用LNG冷能的空分装置，其特征在于：所述空气压缩净化***包括依次设置的原料空压机、原料空气冷却器和纯化器。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种利用LNG冷能的空分装置，其特征在于：所述大冷箱***包括依次设置的主换热器和精馏塔***。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种利用LNG冷能的空分装置，其特征在于：所述小冷箱***包括LNG-氮换热器和液氮过冷器。
7.一种采用权利要求1-6任一项所述利用LNG冷能的空分装置来梯级利用LNG冷能的空分方法，其特征在于：所述空分方法为：在所述空气压缩净化***中对原料空气进行压缩和净化，在所述大冷箱***中对压缩和净化后的原料空气进行精馏而获取空分产品，由所述大冷箱***输出的低温氮气经制冷剂增压透平膨胀机组后送入所述小冷箱***，所述LNG送入所述小冷箱***中与所述低温氮气换热，并利用换热后的液氮为精馏原料空气而获得空分产品提供冷能；再将出所述小冷箱***的天然气送入制冷剂循环***中与制冷剂换热，并利用换热后的制冷剂去冷却压缩后的空气，被空气气化升温后的所述制冷剂去为膨胀发电机组或制冷剂增压透平膨胀机组膨胀做功；最后将出所述制冷剂循环***的天然气送入冷却剂循环***中与冷却剂换热，并利用换热后的冷却剂来冷却需冷却的设备。
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