CN116211933B - 一种抗球虫病的中药组合物及其应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种抗球虫病的中药组合物及其应用,涉及中药技术领域。按重量份计,该中药组合物包括以下组分:青蒿10‑20份、秦皮10‑20份、使君子10‑14份、苦楝皮8‑12份、贯叶连翘5‑10份、炒地榆4‑8份、穿心莲4‑8份、黄芪8‑12份和熟地黄5‑10份。本发明还提供了该中药组合物在制备抗球虫病的药物中的应用。本发明提供的中药组合物中,青蒿、秦皮、使君子和苦楝皮的组合主要起杀虫驱虫作用;贯叶连翘、炒地榆和穿心莲,凉血消肿,收敛止血,利湿;黄芪和熟地黄,补中益气,增强免疫力。本发明提供的中药组合物主要以驱虫解毒为主,止痢止血、补中益气为辅,各中药之间互相协同,从而发挥其抗球虫效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中药技术领域,特别是涉及一种抗球虫病的中药组合物及其应用。
背景技术
鸡球虫病是由一种或多种艾美耳属球虫(Eimeria)引起的一类重要的寄生虫病,它主要寄生于鸡肠道黏膜上皮细胞,临床上主要表现为严重腹泻,排出的粪便中夹杂很多血液,部分患病鸡还会表现出明显的神经症状,表现为昏迷不能正常站立,在出现症状2~3d后死亡。鸡球虫病以出血性肠炎、血痢、雏鸡发病率高、生长迟缓、饲料转化率低和死亡率高为特征,会明显降低鸡的生产性能,给养禽业造成巨大的经济损失。鸡球虫病具有发病急、发病率高、致死率高、危害大的特点。
鸡球虫的发育包括3个生殖阶段:孢子生殖、裂殖生殖和配子生殖。鸡球虫的发育分为体内发育和体外发育,体内发育过程相较于体外发育更为复杂。感染性卵囊被鸡吞食后,卵囊经过胃的机械作用后破碎释放出孢子囊,随后由于胆汁和胰蛋白酶的作用在小肠内脱囊,释放出子孢子后进入小肠上皮细胞,进而完成裂殖生殖和配子生殖,最后形成卵囊排出体外。卵囊在适宜的湿度、氧气和温度等外界条件下完成孢子生殖后再次形成感染性卵囊,进而开始下—轮感染。
目前国内外防治球虫病有化学药物防治、添加抗生素、球虫疫苗免疫等方法,但长久使用化学药物和抗生素会导致耐药性的产生和禽类产品药物残留等问题,不但不能有效控制鸡球虫病,还会对人的身体造成伤害。而球虫疫苗因其研制和应用上的问题得不到很好地推广。中草药具有耐药性低、药物残留少、提高机体免疫力及促进动物机体生长等西药不可比拟的优点,因此,开发一种中草药制剂来替代传统抗球虫药物,来防治养鸡生产中的球虫危害,是非常必要的。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种抗球虫病的中药组合物及其应用,以解决上述现有技术存在的问题,本发明的中药组合物具有良好的抗球虫效果。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供了如下方案:
本发明提供一种抗球虫病的中药组合物,按重量份计,所述中药组合物包括以下组分:青蒿10-20份、秦皮10-20份、使君子10-14份、苦楝皮8-12份、贯叶连翘5-10份、炒地榆4-8份、穿心莲4-8份、黄芪8-12份和熟地黄5-10份。
优选地,按重量份计,所述中药组合物包括以下组分:青蒿15份、秦皮15份、使君子12份、苦楝皮10份、贯叶连翘8份、炒地榆6份、穿心莲6份、黄芪10份和熟地黄5份。
本发明还提供上述的中药组合物在制备抗球虫病的药物中的应用。
进一步地,所述球虫病为鸡球虫病。
本发明还提供一种抗球虫病的药物,所述药物的原料包括上述的中药组合物。
进一步地,所述药物还包括药学上可接受的辅料。
进一步地,所述药物的剂型包括汤剂、膏剂、颗粒剂、片剂或丸剂。
本发明还提供一种上述的药物的制备方法,包括利用溶剂对上述的中药组合物进行活性成分提取,制备得到所述药物的步骤。
进一步地,所述溶剂包括水和/或乙酸乙酯。
优选地,所述溶剂为水和乙酸乙酯,所述中药组合物中的青蒿、秦皮、使君子和苦楝皮利用乙酸乙酯进行提取,所述中药组合物中的贯叶连翘、炒地榆、穿心莲、黄芪和熟地黄的活性成分利用水进行提取。
青蒿:味苦、辛,性寒,《神农本草经》中记载青蒿有退虚热,凉血、解暑、治疟的功效,同时还具有抗病毒、抗疟原虫、利胆、解热、镇痛、抗炎、抗肿瘤、降压、抗心律失常等作用。
秦皮:为木犀科植物苦栃白蜡树、白蜡树、尖叶白蜡树或宿柱白蜡树的干燥枝皮或干皮。秦皮具有清热燥湿,收涩止痢,止带,明目之功效。用于湿热泻痢,赤白带下,目赤肿痛,目生翳膜。
使君子:为使君子科植物使君子Quisqualis indica L.的干燥成熟果实,用于治疗蛔虫病,蛲虫病,虫积腹痛,小儿疳积。
苦楝皮:味苦,性寒,归肝、脾、胃经,具有杀虫,疗癣,用于治疗蛔虫病,蛲虫病,虫积腹痛等证。
贯叶连翘:为藤黄科植物贯叶连翘Hypericumperforatum L.的全草,具有收敛止血,调经通乳,清热解毒,利湿之功效。
炒地榆:性寒,具有清热解毒、凉血止血、消肿止痛、抗菌等功效。
穿心莲:为爵床科穿心莲属植物穿心莲的干燥地上部分,具有清热解毒,凉血,消肿,燥湿的功效。
黄芪:具有补气升阳、固表止汗、利水消肿、生津养血、行滞通痹、托毒排脓、敛疮生肌的功效。
熟地黄:具有补血滋阴,益精填髓的功效。
本发明公开了以下技术效果:
本发明提供的中药组合物中,青蒿、秦皮、使君子和苦楝皮的组合主要起杀虫驱虫作用,其中青蒿对球虫有一定的杀灭作用;秦皮中的生物碱能够抑制球虫卵囊的孢子化,降低卵囊的传染力;使君子和苦楝皮可以促进虫体和卵囊的排出。贯叶连翘、炒地榆和穿心莲,凉血消肿,收敛止血,利湿。黄芪和熟地黄,补中益气,增强免疫力。本发明提供的中药组合物主要以驱虫解毒为主,止痢止血、补中益气为辅,各中药之间互相协同,从而发挥其抗球虫效果。
具体实施方式
现详细说明本发明的多种示例性实施方式,该详细说明不应认为是对本发明的限制,而应理解为是对本发明的某些方面、特性和实施方案的更详细的描述。
应理解本发明中所述的术语仅仅是为描述特别的实施方式,并非用于限制本发明。另外,对于本发明中的数值范围,应理解为还具体公开了该范围的上限和下限之间的每个中间值。在任何陈述值或陈述范围内的中间值,以及任何其他陈述值或在所述范围内的中间值之间的每个较小的范围也包括在本发明内。这些较小范围的上限和下限可独立地包括或排除在范围内。
除非另有说明,否则本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有本发明所述领域的常规技术人员通常理解的相同含义。虽然本发明仅描述了优选的方法和材料,但是在本发明的实施或测试中也可以使用与本文所述相似或等同的任何方法和材料。本说明书中提到的所有文献通过引用并入,用以公开和描述与所述文献相关的方法和/或材料。在与任何并入的文献冲突时,以本说明书的内容为准。
在不背离本发明的范围或精神的情况下,可对本发明说明书的具体实施方式做多种改进和变化,这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。由本发明的说明书得到的其他实施方式对技术人员而言是显而易见得的。本发明说明书和实施例仅是示例性的。
关于本文中所使用的“包含”、“包括”、“具有”、“含有”等等,均为开放性的用语,即意指包含但不限于。
实施例1
原料配方:青蒿150g、秦皮150g、使君子120g、苦楝皮100g、贯叶连翘80g、炒地榆60g、穿心莲60g、黄芪100g和熟地黄50g。
制备方法:
(1)按照上述原料配方称取各中药原料,混合后粉碎(低于20目),之后加入2610mL水,之后大火煮沸,文火熬煮2h后过滤,得到第一滤液和残渣;
(2)步骤(1)得到的残渣再加水1305mL,大火煮沸,文火熬煮1h后过滤,得到第二滤液;
(3)合并第一滤液和第二滤液,再浓缩至固形物含量为60wt%,得到中药膏剂A。
实施例2
原料配方:青蒿200g、秦皮100g、使君子100g、苦楝皮120g、贯叶连翘50g、炒地榆80g、穿心莲80g、黄芪80g和熟地黄100g。
制备方法:
(1)按照上述原料配方称取各中药原料,混合后粉碎(低于20目),之后加入2730mL水,之后大火煮沸,文火熬煮2h后过滤,得到第一滤液和残渣;
(2)步骤(1)得到的残渣再加水1365mL,大火煮沸,文火熬煮1h后过滤,得到第二滤液;
(3)合并第一滤液和第二滤液,再浓缩至固形物含量为60wt%,得到中药膏剂B。
实施例3
原料配方:青蒿100g、秦皮200g、使君子140g、苦楝皮80g、贯叶连翘100g、炒地榆40g、穿心莲40g、黄芪120g和熟地黄80g。
制备方法:
(1)按照上述原料配方称取各中药原料,混合后粉碎(低于20目),之后加入2700mL水,之后大火煮沸,文火熬煮2h后过滤,得到第一滤液和残渣;
(2)步骤(1)得到的残渣再加水1350mL,大火煮沸,文火熬煮1h后过滤,得到第二滤液;
(3)合并第一滤液和第二滤液,再浓缩至固形物含量为60wt%,得到中药膏剂C。
实施例4
同实施例1,区别仅在于,制备方法如下:
(1)按照原料配方称取青蒿、秦皮、使君子和苦楝皮,混合后粉碎(低于20目),之后加入1560mL乙酸乙酯,60℃搅拌萃取1h,之后过滤,得到滤液;
(2)滤液减压蒸干溶剂,将蒸干物加水,混合均匀后得到固形物含量为60wt%的中药膏剂D1;
(3)按照原料配方称取其余中药原料,按照实施例1的方法制备得到固形物含量为60wt%的中药膏剂D2;
(4)合并D1和D2,得到中药膏剂D。
对比例1
同实施例1,区别仅在于,将青蒿替换为常山,制备得到中药膏剂E。
对比例2
同实施例1,区别仅在于,将苦楝皮替换为川楝子,制备得到中药膏剂F。
效果验证
以下以实施例1和实施例4为例,对本发明的中药组合物的抗球虫效果进行说明:
1.方法
1.1试验设计
试验鸡采用玉林市的养殖场提供的健康灵山鸡雏鸡600只,随机分成6组,每组100只。将其中5组的鸡,于15日龄分别用灌胃针经嗦囊感染1×105个柔嫩艾美尔球虫(Eimeriatenella)卵囊;第6组不做感染处理,作为阴性对照。在感染的第1天到第7天,分别按照表1所示,以将药物拌至饲料的方式对各组进行给药处理。
表1
组别 | 是否感染卵囊 | 药物 | 给药剂量 |
阴性对照组 | 否 | 蒸馏水 | 50mg/kg/d |
阳性对照组 | 是 | 蒸馏水 | 50mg/kg/d |
药物试验组1 | 是 | 中药膏剂A | 50mg/kg/d |
药物试验组2 | 是 | 中药膏剂D | 50mg/kg/d |
药物对照组1 | 是 | 中药膏剂E | 50mg/kg/d |
药物对照组2 | 是 | 中药膏剂F | 50mg/kg/d |
1.2药效判断标准
(1)相对增重
感染后第0d、8d早晨逐只空腹称重,记录并计算各组的相对增重率。
增重率=(M8-M0)m0×100%,其中M0为感染后第0d早晨空腹称重的重量,M8为感染后第8d早晨空腹称重的重量。
相对增重率=药物试验组或阳性对照药组的增重率/阴性对照组的增重率×100%。
(2)存活率
存活率(%)=(组内鸡存活数/组内鸡总数)×100%。
(3)病变值
试验第8天,各组鸡逐只称重后处死,剖取盲肠,按照以下计分标准进行盲肠病变记分,两侧盲肠病变不一致者以严重一侧为准,计分标准:
+0分:无肉眼病变;
+1分:盲肠壁有很少量散在的淤血点,肠壁不增厚,内容物正常;
+2分:病变数量较多,盲肠内容物明显带血,盲肠壁稍增厚,内容物正常;
+3分:盲肠内有多量血液和有盲肠芯(血凝块或灰白色干酪样的香蕉型块状物),盲肠壁肥厚明显,盲肠中粪便含量少;
+4分:盲肠内充满大量血液和肠芯而盲肠肿大,肠芯中含有粪渣或不含,死亡鸡只也记4分。
病变值=病变记分×10。
(4)盲肠内容物卵囊值
刮取盲肠内容物按照Mc Master's法计克卵囊数,算出卵囊比数,并按表2换算成卵囊值。
卵囊比数=(药物试验组或阴性对照组卵囊数/阳性对照组卵囊数)×100%。
表2卵囊比数与卵囊值的转换
卵囊比数 | 0-1% | 1-25% | 26-50% | 51-75% | 76-100% |
卵囊值 | 0 | 5 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
(5)抗球虫指数(ACI)
ACI=(相对增重率+存活率)-(病变值+卵囊值)。
疗效判定:当ACI小于120时,判定为疗效差;当ACI为120-160时,判定为疗效中等;当ACI为160-180时,判定为疗效良好;当ACI大于180时,判定为疗效优秀。
2.结果
统计各实验组的存活率、相对增重率、病变值和卵囊值,并计算抗球虫指数,结果见表3。同时,除阴性对照组外,各组鸡都在感染球虫4-5d出现严重血便,两个药物试验组在6d后血便逐渐停止。根据表3可以看出,实施例1和实施例4制备的中药膏剂显著缓解了球虫攻毒对鸡增重的影响;两个药物试验组的病变值和卵囊值显著低于阳性对照组;从抗球虫指数来看,药物试验组1和2的抗球虫指数分别为162.9和180.5,分别显示出良好和优秀的抗球虫效果。总之,结果显示,实施例1和实施例4制备的中药膏剂均能有效治疗鸡球虫病。
将本发明中药组合物中的青蒿、苦楝皮替换为具有类似的抑制球虫作用的药味后,治疗效果显著降低,这说明本发明中药组合物中的青蒿、秦皮、使君子和苦楝皮存在一定的配伍关系,起到了协同增效的作用。
另外,本发明考虑到在中药提取中,不同的提取工艺往往会造成提取物中有效成分的差异,为了实现本发明的中药组合物中抗球虫活性成分的高效提取,从而进一步提高抗球虫效果,本发明分别用极性较大的水和极性较小的乙酸乙酯进行有效成分提取,其中,水提取的主要是亲水性成分,乙酸乙酯提取的主要是亲脂性成分,结果发现以乙酸乙酯为溶剂提取青蒿、秦皮、使君子和苦楝皮活性成分而制备的中药膏剂,获得了更高的抗球虫效果。本发明推测,在本发明的中药组合物中,主要起抗球虫效果的是其中的亲脂性成分。
表3
以上所述的实施例仅是对本发明的优选方式进行描述,并非对本发明的范围进行限定,在不脱离本发明设计精神的前提下,本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案做出的各种变形和改进,均应落入本发明权利要求书确定的保护范围内。
Claims (2)
1.一种具有体内驱球虫作用的药物,其特征在于,所述药物是由从中药组合物中提取的活性成分和药学上可接受的辅料制成;
按重量份计,所述中药组合物由以下组分组成:青蒿15份、秦皮15份、使君子12份、苦楝皮10份、贯叶连翘8份、炒地榆6份、穿心莲6份、黄芪10份和熟地黄5份;
所述活性成分的提取方法包括:
称取青蒿、秦皮、使君子和苦楝皮后,利用乙酸乙酯进行提取,得到乙酸乙酯提取物;
称取贯叶连翘、炒地榆、穿心莲、黄芪和熟地黄后,利用水进行提取,得到水提取物;
将所述乙酸乙酯提取物和所述水提取物合并,即得所述活性成分。
2.根据权利要求1所述的药物,其特征在于,所述药物的剂型为汤剂、膏剂、颗粒剂、片剂或丸剂。
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