CN116195470A - Method for cultivating fruiting of oospore oudemansiella radiata and application thereof - Google Patents
Method for cultivating fruiting of oospore oudemansiella radiata and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating fruiting of oospore oudemansiella radiata and application thereof, wherein the method comprises the following steps: 1) Digging a furrow for planting fungus sticks in a cultivation field; 2) Vertically arranging fungus sticks in the furrow, and covering the fungus sticks with a soil covering material for post-culturing of the fungus sticks; 3) Watering, keeping the temperature in the greenhouse at 25-26 ℃, and culturing until fruiting; wherein the earthing material comprises 30-50 parts by weight of loam and 50-70 parts by weight of turfy soil. The invention carries out cross mixing on loam, sandy soil and turf which are commonly used in production, and then the fruiting time of the oospore oudemansiella is advanced and the yield is up to, wherein the oospore oudemansiella is high in biological efficiency when the soil covering material is 30 parts by weight of natural loam, 70 parts by weight of turf and 1 part by weight of quicklime.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of edible fungus cultivation, in particular to a method for promoting fruiting of oospore oudemansiella radiata and application thereof.
Background
The Oriental Lepidium oospore (Oudemansiella raphanipes), commonly called Collybia velutipes, belongs to the fungus kingdom, basidiomycota, agaricales, the family of the Mortierella, the genus of the Oriental Lepidium, the wild Oriental Lepidium is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical areas such as south Africa, east Asia, south Asia, etc., and is mainly distributed in Yun Guichuan etc. in China. The oospore oudemansiella is fresh and tender in meat quality, is rich in various amino acids, polysaccharides and microelements, and is a large fungus with great economic value which is successfully domesticated and cultivated in recent years. The fungus has large fruiting body, tender, crisp and refreshing fungus cover, rich protein, amino acid, vitamins and microelements, unique taste, and good medicinal value such as antioxidant, antitumor and pathogenic bacteria inhibiting effects.
The earthing can provide the environment required by the edible fungi from the nutrition stage to the propagation stage, is a key step for the transformation of mycelium into fruiting bodies, provides energy and nutrient substances for the growth, the differentiation and the development of the mycelium of the edible fungi, and influences the characteristics of fruiting body yield, fruiting uniformity and the like. The oospore oudemansiella is also an edible fungus with soil covering favorable for fruiting, but the yield is lower, the fruiting time is longer, and the soil covering material is highly dependent, so that the problems limit the large-area popularization and planting of the oospore oudemansiella.
Current research on the oospore oudemansiella radiata mainly focuses on cultivation technology, biological characteristics and submerged fermentation. The research on the growth influence of different earthing materials is still less, and even Yan Ping, wu Qiuyun, ke Zhi and the like are researched on the influence of earthing materials such as coal cinder, laterite, black soil, sandy soil, reed slag, chaff and the like on the yield, nutritional ingredients and fruiting body growth and development of the oospore buddleia mushroom, and the result shows that the earthing materials with better air permeability such as the laterite and coal cinder mixed soil, black and red sand mixed soil and reed slag are higher than the traditional pure loam soil and have good properties, but the related research mostly adopts the bag-in-bag earthing fruiting method to test a small number of fungus bags, and are suitable for geographic and climatic conditions in south of China, and the difference of the environment in south of China is larger, so that the oospore buddleia earthing materials and the method suitable for large-scale planting in the greenhouse in the north of China based on a large-scale cultivation test are to be researched.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for cultivating the fruiting of the oudemansiella oospore with high fruiting speed and high fruiting yield and application thereof.
The invention provides a method for cultivating fruiting of oospore oudemansiella radiata, which comprises the following steps:
1) Digging a furrow for planting fungus sticks in a cultivation field;
2) Vertically arranging fungus sticks in the furrow, and covering the fungus sticks with a soil covering material for post-culturing of the fungus sticks;
3) Watering, keeping the temperature in the greenhouse at 25-26 ℃, and culturing until fruiting;
wherein the earthing material comprises 30-50 parts by weight of loam and 50-70 parts by weight of turfy soil.
Wherein the earthing material comprises 30-50 parts by weight of loam, 50-70 parts by weight of turfy soil and 1 part by weight of quicklime.
Wherein the earthing material consists of 30 parts by weight of loam, 70 parts by weight of turfy soil and 1 part by weight of lime.
Wherein the content of ammonium nitrogen in the earthing material is 5.04-16.30mg/kg, the content of nitrate nitrogen is 103.30-327.33mg/kg, the content of quick-acting phosphorus is 65.37-76.36mg/kg, the content of organic matters is 79.77-134.00g/kg, and the pH value of the earthing material is 7.55-7.88.
Wherein the content of ammonium nitrogen in the soil covering material is 12.43-16.30mg/kg, the content of nitrate nitrogen is 281.00-327.33mg/kg, the content of quick-acting phosphorus is 65.37-66.97mg/kg, the content of organic matters is 79.77-134g/kg, the content of total salt is 6.19-7.48g/kg, and the pH of the soil covering material is 7.55.
Wherein the content of ammonium nitrogen in the earthing material is 16.30mg/kg, the content of nitrate nitrogen is 327.33mg/kg, the content of quick-acting phosphorus is 65.37mg/kg, the content of organic matters is 134.00g/kg, the content of total salt is 7.48g/kg, and the pH of the earthing material is 7.55.
Wherein the planting distance of the fungus sticks in each furrow in the step 2) is 2-3cm, and the thickness of the covering soil is 3-5cm.
The invention also provides a soil covering material for cultivating fruiting of the oospore oudemansiella radiata, wherein the soil covering material comprises 30-50 parts by weight of loam and 50-70 parts by weight of turfy soil.
Wherein the earthing material comprises 30-50 parts by weight of loam, 50-70 parts by weight of turfy soil and 1 part by weight of quicklime.
Wherein the earthing material consists of 30 parts by weight of loam, 70 parts by weight of turfy soil and 1 part by weight of lime.
Wherein the content of ammonium nitrogen in the earthing material is 5.04-16.30mg/kg, the content of nitrate nitrogen is 103.30-327.33mg/kg, the content of quick-acting phosphorus is 65.37-76.36mg/kg, the content of organic matters is 79.77-134.00g/kg, and the pH value of the earthing material is 7.55-7.88.
Wherein the content of ammonium nitrogen in the earthing material is 12.43-16.30mg/kg, the content of nitrate nitrogen is 281-327mg/kg, the content of quick-acting phosphorus is 65.37-66.97mg/kg, the content of organic matters is 79.77-134g/kg, the content of total salt is 6.19-7.48g/kg, and the pH of the earthing material is 7.55.
Wherein the content of ammonium nitrogen in the earthing material is 16.30mg/kg, the content of nitrate nitrogen is 327.33mg/kg, the content of quick-acting phosphorus is 65.37mg/kg, the content of organic matters is 134.00g/kg, the content of total salt is 7.48g/kg, and the pH of the earthing material is 7.55.
The application of the method and the earthing material in cultivating the oospore oudemansiella radiata with high yield and or high biological efficiency is also within the protection scope of the invention.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention advances fruiting time of the oospore oudemansiella cultivated by cross mixing loam, sandy soil and turf which are commonly used in production and then used as a covering material, wherein the covering material has highest biological efficiency when the covering material comprises 30 parts by weight of natural loam, 70 parts by weight of turf soil and 1 part by weight of quicklime.
The earthing affects the growth and development of fruiting bodies of the Aldrich mushroom, the fruiting amount is small and irregular when the earthing is not used, the fruiting period is long, and the good earthing material can maintain the environmental conditions required by hypha growth and fruiting body development, can mechanically stimulate the fruiting body growth and promote primordia formation. Different basic properties such as texture, pore structure and the like of different earthing materials lead to different moisture preservation, heat preservation and ventilation degrees, and further lead to different occurrence time of fruiting body primordia. The invention uses the earthing material which is prepared by mixing 50 parts by weight of turfy soil, 50 parts by weight of loam and 1 part by weight of quicklime, the primordium time and fruiting time are early, the yield per unit area is highest, and the single mushroom weight, the diameter and thickness of the fungus cover, the diameter of the base part of the fungus handle and the length of the fruiting body of the oudemansiella oospore fruiting body are all superior to those of other treatments. It can be seen that the addition of turf to the casing can advance primordia and fruiting time, shortening the production cycle, probably because the secretion of certain bacteria and microorganisms in the turf soil induces the mycelium to kink to form primordia, which in turn form fruiting bodies.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the yield (A) and biological efficiency (B) of the Aldrich-mushroom treated with different earth materials in example 1, the same letters indicate no significant difference between groups (P.gtoreq.0.05); different letters indicate significant differences between groups (P < 0.05).
Fig. 2 is a graph showing the comparison of physical and chemical properties of the covering materials before and after the cultivation of the oospore oudemansiella oospore in example 1, wherein P <0.05 is shown and P <0.01 is shown.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the comparison of physicochemical properties of the casing materials before the different casing materials in example 1 are used for planting the Aldrich's mushroom; the same letter indicates no significant difference between groups (P.gtoreq.0.01); different letters indicate significant differences between groups (P < 0.01).
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the cultivation of the oospore oudemansiella radiata in example 2, process 1: covering soil containing 0% turf, treatment 2: the earthing contains 20% turf, and treatment 3: the earthing contains 50% turf, and treatment 4: the earthing contains 70% turf, and treatment 5: the cover soil contains 100% turf, and I-III represent repetition.
FIG. 5 is a comparison of physicochemical properties of the casing materials before and after the different casing materials in example 2 were used to plant the Aldrich's mushroom; the same letter indicates no significant difference between groups (P.gtoreq.0.01); different letters indicate significant differences between groups (P < 0.01).
FIG. 6 shows physicochemical properties of the casing material before the different casing materials in example 2 were used for planting the Aldrich's mushroom; the same letter indicates no significant difference between groups (P.gtoreq.0.01); different letters indicate significant differences between groups (P < 0.01).
FIG. 7 shows the yield and biological efficiency of cultivation of Aldrich less than Oriental Mucor in different proportions of turf as a cover material in example 2, A: yield; b: biological efficiency, the same letter indicates no significant difference between groups (P.gtoreq.0.05); different letters indicate significant differences between groups (P < 0.05).
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings that are presented to illustrate the invention and not to limit the scope thereof. The examples provided below are intended as guidelines for further modifications by one of ordinary skill in the art and are not to be construed as limiting the invention in any way.
The experimental methods in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, are conventional methods, and are carried out according to techniques or conditions described in the literature in the field or according to the product specifications. Materials, reagents and the like used in the examples described below are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
The oospore oudemansiella oospore cultivation fungus sticks in the following examples are purchased from a fungus stick manufacturing plant of edible fungi in mountain eastern lotus, and the weight of a single fungus stick dry material is 550g; the soil covering matrixes are natural loam (RT) with the depth of 15-20cm in an oospore oudemansiella radiata planting furrow from a greenhouse, locally purchased sandy Soil (ST) and turfy soil (CT) respectively.
In the examples below, data were calculated using Microsoft Excel 2016, statistical analysis was performed using DPS v7.05 software, and the difference significance test between groups was performed using Duncan's new complex polar error test, with capital letters representing 0.01 level, lowercase letters representing 0.05 level, no significant differences between treatments of the same letter, and significant differences between treatments of different letters.
Example 1
This example was performed in 2021 spring on a seed culture planting base in the Tongzhou area of Beijing. Test was carried out in a solar greenhouse with a greenhouse size (L.times.W.times.H) of 70.times.6.8.times.4.5 m and a capacity of 2142m 3 . The natural loam in this example is a natural loam 15-20cm deep in a cultivation bed of oospore oudemansiella radiata collected in a cultivation greenhouse of edible fungus planting bases in the Tongzhou area of Beijing city in spring.
The embodiment adopts a random block design, three kinds of soil (natural loam (RT), local purchased sandy Soil (ST) and turfy soil (CT)) are subjected to different mixing treatments to prepare four kinds of earthing materials, wherein the earthing materials are CT+RT: mixing 50 parts by weight of turfy soil, 50 parts by weight of loam and 1 part by weight of quicklime uniformly for later use; st+rt group: mixing 50 parts by weight of sandy soil, 50 parts by weight of loam and 1 part by weight of quicklime uniformly for later use; ct+st group: mixing and stirring 50 parts by weight of turfy soil, 50 parts by weight of sandy soil and 1 part by weight of quicklime uniformly for later use; control RT group: mixing 100 parts by weight of natural loam and 1 part by weight of quicklime, and stirring uniformly for later use.
Planting Aldrich mushroom with the four earth covering materials, repeating each treatment for 3 times for 12 furrows, wherein each furrow has a length of 6m, a width of 1.2m, and an area of 7.2m 2 The thickness of the covering soil is 3-5cm, the planting distance of the fungus sticks is 2-3cm, 282 fungus sticks are vertically arranged in each furrow, fungus is cultivated for 3-5d after the covering soil, then watering is carried out, the temperature in the greenhouse is kept at 25-26 ℃, if the temperature is too high, shading and cooling are carried out, and the fruiting is managed by adopting conventional fruiting management measures.
Observing the growth conditions of different treatment oospore oudemansiella in the whole growing period, recording the occurrence time and production period (the time interval from soil covering to end tide mushroom) of each treatment, timely harvesting, selecting 90 mature first tide mushroom fruiting bodies (30 for each treatment group) for each treatment, and measuring the single mushroom weight, the mushroom cap diameter, the mushroom cap thickness, the base diameter and the fruiting body length; meanwhile, 1kg of fresh fruiting body is collected in each treatment and sent to a Bonnet biological company to measure the nutritional ingredients such as moisture, ash, protein, fat, crude fiber, carbohydrate and the like by adopting a national standard method.
Biological efficiency (%) = (fresh weight of oospore oudemansiella oospore/dry weight of culture material) ×100
Data processing is performed according to the method, and the result is as follows:
1 Effect of different soil-covering treatments on the formation of primordium and production cycle of Aldrich-sporisodon
The method is characterized in that four different earth materials are used for planting the oospore oudemansiella radiata (table 1), the oospore oudemansiella radiata treated by the four earth materials can normally fruiting, when turf is added in the earth materials, the primordium and fruiting time are advanced, the production period is shortened, wherein the primordium of a furrow using CT+ST group earth materials is earliest, the production period is shortest, and the time is 120d after earth covering; the furrow times of using the CT+RT group earthing material have the production period of 122d; the furrow primordium using the RT group soil covering material appears at the latest and the production period is longest, which is 132d after soil covering. It can be seen that the addition of sandy soil or turf can result in the early fruiting of the oospore oudemansiella in comparison with loam used in conventional production, but the mixing of loam with turf and the mixing of turf with sandy soil is more beneficial to shortening the production cycle of the oospore oudemansiella in comparison with the addition of sandy soil in loam.
2 effects of different soil-covering treatments on fruiting body yield and biological efficiency of Aldrich-mushroom
The yield and biological efficiency of the different soil-covered oospore oudemansiella radiata are significantly different. Overall, ct+rt group>CT+ST group>ST+RT group>RT group. The highest yield per unit area of CT+RT group is 10167.5g/m 2 The yield is highest, the single-rod yield can reach 275.08g, and the biological efficiency is high50.01%. The yields of the ct+st group and the st+rt group were significantly lower than those of the ct+rt group, but there was no significant difference between the two, and the yields of the RT group were significantly lower than those of the other treatments (as shown in fig. 1). The results show that compared with loam used in conventional production, the addition of sandy soil or turf can significantly improve the yield of the oospore oudemansiella radiata, and the yield of the oospore oudemansiella radiata added with turf in the covering soil is higher than that of sandy soil.
3 influence of different soil-covering treatments on agronomic traits of fruiting bodies of Aldrich-mushroom
The agronomic traits of fruiting bodies of the different soil-covered mushrooms were determined, evaluated and analyzed (table 2), and the different soil-covered treatments had different degrees of influence on the agronomic traits of fruiting bodies of the oomycete mushrooms, and the current data show that the soil-covered treatments significantly affected the cap thickness and the petiole base diameter, and that the cap thickness and the petiole base diameter of fruiting bodies of the oomycete mushrooms treated with turf in pure loam or in the soil were higher than those of fruiting bodies of the petiole base in the soil-covered soil, and in particular, the cap thickness and the petiole base diameter of fruiting bodies of ct+rt groups were significantly higher than those of ct+st groups, but were not significantly different from RT groups and st+rt groups. The soil covering treatment has little influence on the weight of single mushrooms, the diameter of fungus covers and the length of fruiting bodies, but the CT+RT group is used as the soil covering material as a whole, and the weight, the diameter and the thickness of fungus covers, the diameter of fungus handle bases and the length of fruiting bodies of the oosporidium parvum are superior to those of other treatments.
4. Determination of physicochemical properties of soil covered with different turf proportions
Five-point sampling method is adopted to collect soil samples of the oospore oudemansiella radiata earthing materials with different turf proportions, each treatment is repeated three times, and 260g of each sample is collected and placed in a clean self-sealing bag and rapidly placed on ice to be brought back to a laboratory. The sample was subjected to impurity removal using a sieve with a 2mm aperture, and divided into two parts, and a part of the soil was air-dried and used for physical and chemical property measurement (average value of the measured sample in Table 3).
Measuring the water content of soil by adopting a gravimetric method; measuring the total nitrogen content of the soil by a Kjeldahl nitrogen determination method; leaching effective ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in soil by adopting sodium chloride solution, and measuring the content of the effective ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen by using a continuous flow analyzer method; leaching by adopting sodium bicarbonate solution, and determining quick-acting phosphorus in soil by a molybdenum-antimony colorimetric method; measuring the organic matter content of soil by adopting a potassium dichromate capacity method; measuring the pH value of the soil by an acidometer method; soil total salt content was determined by mass method, specific method is reference Bao Shidan (2000).
The results are shown in Table 3 and FIGS. 2 to 3, wherein the significance of the difference between the physicochemical properties of the soil of the earth covering before and after the planting is analyzed in FIG. 2, and the significance of the difference between the physicochemical properties of the materials of different earth covering is analyzed in FIG. 3.
TABLE 3 physicochemical Properties of different earthing materials before and after planting
Example 2
The example was carried out in the sunlight greenhouse of the edible fungus planting base in the Tongzhou area of Beijing in spring 2020, the greenhouse size (LxW x H) was 70 x 6.8x4.5 m, and the capacity was 2142m 3 . The natural loam in the embodiment is the natural loam with the depth of 15 cm to 20cm in a planting furrow of the oospore oudemansiella radiata collected in a planting greenhouse of an edible fungus planting base in the Tongzhou area of Beijing city in spring of 2020.
The dry weight of the single fungus stick is 500g; preparing mixed soil according to the proportion of 0%,20%,50%,70% and 100% of the turfy soil in the mixture of loam and turfy soil; adding quicklime with the mass accounting for 1% of the mass of the mixed soil into the mixed soil with different proportions, and uniformly stirring to obtain a covering soil material; 5 sets of earth-covering materials were obtained, designated as earth-covering materials 1-5, respectively (represented by 0%,20%,50%,70% and 100% in Table 4 and FIGS. 4-7, respectively).
The thickness of the covering soil is 3-5cm. Each treatment was repeated 3 times for a total of 15 furrows (as shown in FIG. 3Shown). Each ridge (length 2.3m, width 1.2 m) had an area of 2.76m 2 The planting distance of the fungus sticks is 2-3cm, and 105 fungus sticks/furrow are planted in each treatment. Planting the oospore oudemansiella in a mode of planting in the year 2020, wherein 9-10 of 4 months, cleaning a cultivation site, then simply sterilizing with lime, vertically arranging and planting the bacterial sticks in parallel furrows, earthing, culturing for 3-5d, then watering, keeping the temperature in the greenhouse at 25-26 ℃, and taking out the shade and cooling if the temperature is higher than 25 ℃, and managing by adopting conventional fruiting management measures after fruiting.
2. Determination of physicochemical properties of soil covered with different turf proportions
Five-point sampling method is adopted to collect soil samples of the oospore oudemansiella radiata earthing materials with different turf proportions, each treatment is repeated three times, and 260g of each sample is collected and placed in a clean self-sealing bag and rapidly placed on ice to be brought back to a laboratory. The sample was subjected to impurity removal using a sieve with a 2mm aperture, and divided into two parts, and a part of the soil was air-dried and used for physical and chemical property measurement (average value of the measured sample in Table 4).
Measuring the water content of soil by adopting a gravimetric method; measuring the total nitrogen content of the soil by a Kjeldahl nitrogen determination method; leaching effective ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in soil by adopting sodium chloride solution, and measuring the content of the effective ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen by using a continuous flow analyzer method; leaching by adopting sodium bicarbonate solution, and determining quick-acting phosphorus in soil by a molybdenum-antimony colorimetric method; measuring the organic matter content of soil by adopting a potassium dichromate capacity method; measuring the pH value of the soil by an acidometer method; soil total salt content was determined by mass method, specific method is reference Bao Shidan (2000).
The results are shown in fig. 5-6 and table 4, the physicochemical properties of the soil covered with soil change significantly as the turf proportion increases, wherein the content of total nitrogen, total salt and organic matters increases gradually as the turf proportion increases; effective NH along with the increase of the turf proportion 4 + N, although fluctuating in mid-course, overall exhibits an upward trend; the effective phosphorus content is firstly reduced and then increased, but reaches the highest value when the turf proportion reaches 100%; effective NO 3 The- (N) shows a trend of rising and then reducing, but the two indexes have no obvious difference in the earthing materials with different turf proportions; density and simulationThe volume weight shows a decreasing trend along with the increase of the turf proportion, and the pH value shows M-shaped fluctuation, but is in a normal range.
TABLE 4 physicochemical Properties of soil covered with different turf ratios
2. Determination of fruit body yield and data analysis
Observing the growth condition of the different processed oospore oudemansiella in the whole growing period, recording the fruiting time of each treatment, selecting 40 mature fruiting bodies in each treatment, measuring the single mushroom weight, the fungus cover diameter, the fungus cover thickness, the basal diameter and the fruiting body length, harvesting the mature fruiting bodies every day, counting the yield in groups, and calculating the yield per unit area, the single stick yield and the biological efficiency.
Biological efficiency (%) = (fresh weight of oospore oudemansiella oospore/dry weight of culture material) ×100
As a result, as shown in fig. 7, the yield increased significantly with the addition of turf in the casing material, but the yield of the oospore adelomycete increased not linearly but showed M-shaped fluctuations, and the biological efficiency after the addition of 70% and 100% of turf in the casing material was significantly higher than that of the control and 20% of turf, but the biological efficiency was not significantly different between the treatment of the addition of 70% of turf and the treatment of the addition of 100% of turf.
The Aldrich mushroom is planted in different soil covering materials in 4 months and 9-10 days in 2020, primordia appear successively in 8-13 days in 6 months, and primordia are found for the first time in 8 days in 6 months until 31 days in 8 months have rare fruiting. The fruiting time of the oospore oudemansiella is different in the whole, but not obvious, and particularly, when turf is added into the earthing material, the fruiting time is advanced.
The invention explores the influence of the grass carbon, sandy soil and loam with different grass carbon proportion on the production of the oospore oudema mushroom as the covering materials, and the results show that 1) the covering materials with different grass carbon proportions have certain differences in physicochemical properties, the grass carbon is added into the covering materials, the fruiting time is advanced, the yield is obviously increased, the biological efficiency of the oospore oudema mushroom is highest when the composition in the covering materials is 30 parts by weight of natural loam, 70 parts by weight of grass carbon soil and 1 part by weight of quicklime, and the single-stick yield is 279.21g and can reach 55.84%. 2) Among the combinations of different soils in example 1, the ct+rt group was the highest in yield and biological efficiency as a mulch material, the average single stick could reach 275.08g and 50.01%, the diameter of the base of the mushroom stem was large, the mushroom cap was full, and the agronomic trait was best.
The earthing affects the growth and development of fruiting bodies of the Aldrich mushroom, the fruiting amount is small and irregular when the earthing is not used, the fruiting period is long, and the good earthing material can maintain the environmental conditions required by hypha growth and fruiting body development, can mechanically stimulate the fruiting body growth and promote primordia formation. Different basic properties such as texture, pore structure and the like of different earthing materials lead to different moisture preservation, heat preservation and ventilation degrees, and further lead to different occurrence time of fruiting body primordia. In the embodiment 1 of the invention, the primordial time of occurrence of the CT+ST group and the CT+RT group and the fruiting time are earlier than those of the ST+RT group and the RT group. It can be seen that the addition of turf to the casing can advance primordia and fruiting time, shortening the production cycle, probably because the secretion of certain bacteria and microorganisms in the turf soil induces the mycelium to kink to form primordia, which in turn form fruiting bodies.
In the embodiment 1 of the invention, the different earthing treatments have remarkable influence on the yield of the oospore oudemansiella, wherein when CT+RT groups are used as earthing materials, the yield is highest, and the biological efficiency reaches 50.01 percent and is far higher than the earthing effect of the traditional loam. The result is also proved in other edible fungi which need to be cultivated by soil covering, such as pleurotus nebrodensis, agaricus bisporus, phlebopus portentosus and the like, and the invention discovers that the yield can be obviously improved and the agronomic characters are good by adding turf into the soil covering. This is probably due to the fact that the water retention and air permeability of peatmoss are superior to those of conventional loam, and the maximum water holding capacity can reach 90% (common loam is only 20% -30%).
Different soil-covering treatments have different degrees of influence on the fruiting body traits of the oudemansiella oospore. When the CT+RT group is used as a soil covering material, the fruiting body single mushroom has larger weight, the fruiting body fungus cover diameter, fungus cover thickness and base diameter are the largest, and the comprehensive commodity characters are superior to those of other treatments. The nutrition components of the fruiting bodies of the edible fungi mainly depend on strains, matrix formulas and the like, so that the nutrition components of the fruiting bodies of the oospore oudemansiella radiata are not greatly influenced by different soil covering treatments in the study. The CT+RT group is used as a covering material, the defect of soil hardening is avoided while the original moisture-preserving, heat-preserving and fattening characteristics of pure loam are provided, the air permeability is good, the method is more suitable for the growth and development of the Aldrich-sporisorium reiliana, the primordium is promoted to be rapidly formed, the growth and thickening of the sporocarp stipe and the enlargement and thickening of the fungus cover are promoted, the fruiting rate and the biological efficiency are improved, finally, higher yield and economic benefit are obtained, and the mixed turf in the covering soil can promote the growth and development of the Aldrich-sporisorium reiliana.
The present invention is described in detail above. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention can be practiced in a wide range of equivalent parameters, concentrations, and conditions without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and without undue experimentation. While the invention has been described with respect to specific embodiments, it will be appreciated that the invention may be further modified. In general, this application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention following, in general, the principles of the invention and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the invention pertains. The application of some of the basic features may be done in accordance with the scope of the claims that follow.
Claims (10)
1. A method for cultivating fruiting of oudemansiella oospore, comprising the steps of:
1) Digging a furrow for planting fungus sticks in a cultivation field;
2) Vertically arranging fungus sticks in the furrow, and covering the fungus sticks with a soil covering material for post-culturing of the fungus sticks;
3) Watering, keeping the temperature in the greenhouse at 25-26 ℃, and culturing until fruiting;
wherein the earthing material comprises 30-50 parts by weight of loam and 50-70 parts by weight of turfy soil.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the earth covering material comprises 30-50 parts by weight loam, 50-70 parts by weight peatmoss and 1 part by weight quicklime.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the earth covering material has an ammonium nitrogen content of 5.04-16.30mg/kg, a nitrate nitrogen content of 103.30-327.33mg/kg, a quick-acting phosphorus content of 65.37-76.36mg/kg, an organic content of 79.77-134.00g/kg and a pH of 7.55-7.88.
4. A method according to claim 3, wherein the earth covering material has an ammonium nitrogen content of 16.30mg/kg, a nitrate nitrogen content of 327.33mg/kg, a quick-acting phosphorus content of 65.37mg/kg, an organic content of 134.00g/kg, a total salt content of 7.48g/kg and a pH of 7.55.
5. The method according to claim 3, wherein the planting distance of the fungus sticks in each furrow in the step 2) is 2-3cm, and the soil covering thickness is 3-5cm.
6. A casing material for cultivating fruiting of oospore oudemansiella radiata, characterized in that the casing material comprises a mixture of 30-50 parts by weight of loam and 50-70 parts by weight of turfy soil.
7. The casing material according to claim 6, wherein the casing material is 30 parts by weight loam, 70 parts by weight peatmoss and 1 part by weight quicklime.
8. The earth covering material according to claim 6, characterized in that the earth covering material has an ammonium nitrogen content of 5.04-16.30mg/kg, a nitrate nitrogen content of 103.30-327.33mg/kg, a quick-acting phosphorus content of 65.37-76.36mg/kg, an organic content of 79.77-134g/kg and a pH of 7.55-7.88.
9. The earth covering material according to claim 8, characterized in that the earth covering material has an ammonium nitrogen content of 16.30mg/kg, a nitrate nitrogen content of 327.33mg/kg, a quick-acting phosphorus content of 65.37mg/kg, an organic content of 134.00g/kg, a total salt content of 7.48g/kg, and a pH of 7.55.
10. Use of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 and the earth covering material according to any one of claims 6 to 9 for cultivating high-yield and/or biologically efficient oospore oudemansiella.
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