CN116190655A - Slurry dispersion system, negative electrode slurry and lithium ion battery - Google Patents

Slurry dispersion system, negative electrode slurry and lithium ion battery Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116190655A
CN116190655A CN202310101980.3A CN202310101980A CN116190655A CN 116190655 A CN116190655 A CN 116190655A CN 202310101980 A CN202310101980 A CN 202310101980A CN 116190655 A CN116190655 A CN 116190655A
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slurry
negative electrode
lithium ion
slurry dispersion
ion battery
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刘�文
王星会
李吉蓉
郭超
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Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/026Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/027Negative electrodes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of batteries, and particularly relates to a novel slurry dispersion system, negative electrode slurry and a lithium ion battery. The novel slurry dispersion comprises a conductive agent, a solvent and an additive, wherein the additive contains a compound shown as a general formula I, and R is shown as a general formula I 1 、R 2 、R 3 And R is 4 Are all selected from-CH 3 ,‑CH 2 CH 3 ,‑CH=CH 2 ,‑Ph,‑OOCH 2 CH 3 ,‑OCH 3 ,‑OCH 2 CH 3 One of OPh, -OH and-COOH, and n is 8-10. The invention also provides a negative electrode slurry containing the novel slurry dispersion system and an active substance, and provides a lithium ion battery, wherein the lithium ion battery comprises a positive electrode, a negative electrode, electrolyte and a separation film, the negative electrode comprises a negative electrode membrane and a current collector, and the negative electrode membrane is formed by coating the negative electrode slurry on the current collector. The invention is adoptedThe dispersibility, rheological property, uniformity and stability of the negative electrode slurry of the slurry dispersion system are improved, so that the negative electrode slurry has uniform conductivity and proper viscosity, and the first effect and the cycle performance of the lithium ion battery are improved.

Description

Slurry dispersion system, negative electrode slurry and lithium ion battery
The present application is a divisional application based on the invention application with application number 201910526969.5, application date 2019, month 06 and 18, and the invention name of "a slurry dispersion system, negative electrode slurry and lithium ion battery".
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of batteries, and particularly relates to a novel slurry dispersion system, negative electrode slurry and a lithium ion battery.
Background
The power battery is the core of the new energy automobile industry. Battery paste is the most critical factor in the overall battery pole piece manufacturing process. The battery slurry is formed by uniformly dispersing active substances, binders and conductive agents in a solvent through stirring, and belongs to a typical high-viscosity solid-liquid two-phase suspension system.
The lithium ion battery cathode slurry needs to be uniform and stable, and the cathode slurry materials comprise: the active material, the binder, the conductive carbon and the dispersing agent have different particle sizes and different surface energies. The problem of uneven slurry dispersion often occurs in the preparation process of the negative electrode slurry, so that the granularity of the slurry is obviously increased, the problems of filter core blockage and coated particle scratch of the negative electrode slurry, coating breakage, poor cold pressing appearance, low quality and the like are caused, and the problems of conductive property deterioration, and cyclic lithium precipitation are more seriously caused.
Currently, in order to solve the problem of uneven dispersion of the negative electrode slurry, there are generally the following approaches: (1) The method can improve the dispersion condition of the sizing agent to a certain extent by increasing the rotating speed of a dispersion disc of the stirring tank, but the mechanical shearing force of the stirring paddle rapidly reduces the sizing agent viscosity of the prosthesis, so that the stability of the sizing agent is reduced, and the coating is also defective. In addition, the solution does not significantly improve the problem of large slurry particles; (2) The method can effectively improve the dispersion of the slurry, but the modified graphite objectively increases the cost of the battery core, so that the application range is narrower.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems in the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a slurry dispersion system, a negative electrode slurry, and a lithium ion battery, in which active materials and conductive agents in the negative electrode slurry are fully soaked in a solvent, so as to further increase the solid content of the negative electrode slurry, and further improve the dynamic performance of the lithium ion battery.
To achieve the above object, in a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a slurry dispersion system comprising: a conductive agent, a solvent and an additive, wherein the additive contains aromatic rings, and the number of rings contained in the aromatic rings is 1-3.
In a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a negative electrode slurry comprising: an active material and a slurry dispersion according to the first aspect of the present invention.
In a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a lithium ion battery comprising: the anode comprises an anode membrane and a current collector, wherein the anode membrane is formed by coating the anode slurry according to the second aspect of the invention on the current collector.
Compared with the prior art, the invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a slurry dispersion system containing an additive, wherein the additive contains aromatic rings, the number of rings contained in the aromatic rings is 1-3, the polar and nonpolar functional groups on the molecules of the additive and a solvent form intermolecular acting force, the unique plane structure of the aromatic rings can fully infiltrate active substances and conductive agents in the solvent, the risk of agglomeration of conductive agent powder in the slurry is greatly reduced, the dispersion time of the lithium ion battery negative electrode slurry is obviously shortened, the solid content of the negative electrode slurry can be improved, the rebound of a negative electrode plate after the slurry is coated is reduced, the dynamic performance of a lithium ion battery is improved, when the number of the aromatic rings of the additive is 3, the dispersion effect of the additive is shown to be optimal because a large delocalized system is formed among the aromatic rings, the dispersion effect of the improved active substances and the conductive agents is more obvious, but the difficulty of the solubility of the additive is easily caused when the number of the aromatic rings is too much, and the performance is optimal when the number of the aromatic rings is comprehensively considered to be 3. It is worth to say that when the number of aromatic rings is less than 3, the effect of improving the active substance and the conductive agent can be achieved, and the purpose of the invention is achieved.
Detailed Description
The slurry dispersion system according to the first aspect of the present invention, the negative electrode slurry according to the second aspect, and the lithium ion battery according to the third aspect are described in detail below.
First, a slurry dispersion system according to the first aspect of the present invention will be described, the slurry dispersion system comprising: a conductive agent, a solvent and an additive, wherein the additive contains aromatic rings, and the number of rings contained in the aromatic rings is 1 to 3.
To avoid uneven dispersion of the negative electrode slurry and agglomeration of the conductive agent powder, the additive in the slurry dispersion system should enable the conductive agent and the solvent to be fully soaked, and form a stable dispersion system with the active substances of the negative electrode slurry through intermolecular acting force and surface binding force. The inventor finds that when the additive in the slurry dispersion system contains aromatic rings, the additive can provide a good plane structure and form strong combination with the negative electrode conductive agent powder, so that the conductive agent powder is firstly combined with the additive preferentially before agglomeration in the slurry, and is stably and uniformly dispersed in a solvent, and the negative electrode slurry has uniform conductivity and proper viscosity. More specifically, in order to uniformly disperse the conductive agent and the additive in the slurry dispersion system in the solvent, the number of rings contained in the additive should not be excessively high in order to provide optimum surface energy while promoting uniform substance particle size, and preferably the number of rings contained in the aromatic ring is 1 to 3. When the number of aromatic rings of the additive is 3, the dispersion effect is exhibited as the optimum performance because a large delocalized system is formed between the aromatic rings, so that the dispersion effect for improving the active material and the conductive agent is more obvious, but when the number of aromatic rings is too large, the difficulty of the solubility of the additive is easily caused, so that the optimum performance is obtained when the number of aromatic rings is 3 in comprehensive consideration. The solvent is selected from common solvents for preparing the anode slurry, such as one or more solvents selected from water, alcohol, ether, ketone, pyrrolidone and amide solvents.
Further, the chemical structure of the additive has a certain influence on the properties of the slurry dispersion. The chemical structure of the additive should have a certain chain structure and a certain plane structure, and the additive must have the characteristics of stable chemical property and stable existence in electrolyte as an independent component.
Preferably, the additive comprises a compound of formula I, wherein formula I is as follows:
Figure BDA0004073503310000041
/>
wherein R is 1 、R 2 、R 3 And R is 4 Are all selected from-CH 3 ,-CH 2 CH 3 ,-CH=CH 2 ,-Ph,-OOCH 2 CH 3 ,-OCH 3 ,-OCH 2 CH 3 One of OPh, -OH and-COOH, and n is 8-10.
More preferably, the compound represented by the general formula I satisfies R 1 、R 2 、R 3 And R is 4 Are all selected from-OCH 2 CH 3 -one of OPh, -OH and-COOH.
More specifically, the additive is selected from one or more of the following formulas 1 to 12:
Figure BDA0004073503310000042
/>
Figure BDA0004073503310000051
further, the kind of the conductive agent has a certain influence on the performance of the slurry dispersion system, and the kind of the conductive agent should enable the conductive agent to have stronger binding force with the aromatic ring on the additive, so that agglomeration of conductive agent powder into large particles in the solvent is avoided.
Preferably, the conductive agent is selected from one or more of conductive carbon, acetylene black, super-P, carbon nanotubes, furnace black, carbon fiber, graphite, conductive graphite, copper powder and nickel powder.
Furthermore, by adding a proper amount of thickener into the slurry dispersion system, the viscosity of the anode slurry obtained after the slurry dispersion system and the active substances are mixed can be more in line with the viscosity range of a coating window, and meanwhile, the special structure of the additive can effectively improve the coating of the thickener on the surface of graphite and can improve the first effect of the obtained battery cell.
Preferably, the slurry dispersion system further comprises a thickener, wherein the thickener is sodium carboxymethyl cellulose CMC.
Further, the addition amount of the additive in the slurry dispersion system has a great influence on the performance of the slurry dispersion system, if the addition amount of the additive is too small, the powder in the slurry is also likely to be partially agglomerated, the particle size non-uniformity and polarization phenomenon of the obtained negative electrode cannot be effectively avoided, and if the addition amount of the additive is too large, the relative content of the conductive agent in the slurry is reduced, so that the conductivity of the negative electrode is reduced.
Preferably, the additive is present in an amount of 0.01wt% to 3wt%, preferably 0.1wt% to 2wt% based on the total weight of the slurry dispersion.
Further, in a specific embodiment, in order to obtain a negative electrode slurry more conforming to the viscosity range of the coating window and obtaining better rheological property, a certain amount of thickener may be added for adjustment, and the addition of the additive may effectively improve the usage amount of the thickener, so that the usage amount of the thickener is greatly reduced, because the additive may enhance consistency of the slurry after the addition of the additive, local agglomeration of the slurry is reduced, so that the usage amount of the thickener may be reduced to a certain extent.
Preferably, the thickener is present in an amount of 0.1wt% to 5wt%, preferably 0.5wt% to 2wt% based on the total weight of the slurry dispersion.
Next, a negative electrode slurry according to a second aspect of the present invention is described, the negative electrode slurry comprising: an active material and a slurry dispersion according to the first aspect of the present invention.
In the negative electrode slurry according to the second aspect of the present invention, the active material is selected from a series of negative electrode materials including soft carbon, hard carbon, artificial graphite, natural graphite, silicon oxygen compound, silicon carbon composite, lithium titanate, and the like, which are common materials for lithium ion secondary batteries.
Further, the proportioning relationship between the active material and the slurry dispersion system plays a critical role in the uniformity and stability of the anode slurry and the subsequent coating quality. If the amount of the active material is too large, the proportion of the slurry dispersion system is correspondingly reduced, the agglomeration risk is possibly increased, and if the amount of the active material is too small, the dispersion performance is improved, but the circularity and the multiplying power performance of the negative electrode are reduced, and the performance of the lithium ion battery is further affected.
Preferably, the weight ratio of active material to slurry dispersion is (85-100): 1-4.5, preferably in the range of (90-98): 1-2.
Finally, a lithium ion battery according to a third aspect of the present invention is provided, comprising: the anode comprises an anode membrane and a current collector, wherein the anode membrane is formed by coating the anode slurry according to the second aspect of the invention on the current collector.
In order to describe the technical content, constructional features, achieved objects and effects of the technical solution in detail, the following description is made in detail with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that these examples are illustrative only of the present application and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application.
The batteries of examples 1 to 18 and comparative examples 1 to 2 were each prepared as follows.
(1) Preparing a negative plate: adding the additive shown in table 1, the conductive agent acetylene black and the thickener sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) dry powder into water according to the mass ratio in the table, uniformly mixing to prepare a slurry dispersion system, adding the negative electrode active material, stirring at a high speed for 60min, dispersing at a high speed for 60min after stirring, adding styrene-butadiene rubber emulsion (SBR), stirring for 30min, preparing a negative electrode slurry, and testing the granularity and viscosity of the negative electrode slurry; and uniformly coating the negative electrode slurry on a negative electrode current collector copper foil, drying, and then carrying out cold pressing and slitting to prepare the lithium ion battery negative electrode plate.
(2) Preparation of a positive plate: positive electrode active material Li (Ni 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 )O 2 Uniformly mixing acetylene black serving as a conductive agent and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) serving as a binder according to a mass ratio of 97:2:1, and adding the mixture into N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) serving as a solvent to prepare anode slurry with certain viscosity; the positive electrode slurry was uniformly coated on a positive electrode current collector aluminum foil. And (5) cold pressing after drying, and cutting the pole piece to obtain the positive pole piece to be wound.
(3) Preparation of a separation film: selecting a polyethylene microporous film as a porous isolating film substrate; uniformly mixing inorganic aluminum oxide powder, polyvinylpyrrolidone and an acetone solvent according to a weight ratio of 3:1.5:5.5 to prepare slurry, coating the slurry on one surface of a substrate, drying and splitting to prepare the isolating film.
(4) Preparation of electrolyte: lithium hexafluorophosphate is dissolved in a mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate and methyl ethyl carbonate (the volume ratio of the ethylene carbonate to the dimethyl carbonate to the methyl ethyl carbonate is 1:2:1), so that the required electrolyte is obtained.
(5) Preparation of a lithium ion battery: and winding the positive plate, the negative plate and the isolating film to obtain a battery core, and then performing procedures such as packaging, electrolyte injection, formation, exhaust and the like to obtain the lithium ion battery, and performing performance test of the lithium ion battery.
Next, a method for testing the granularity and viscosity of the negative electrode slurry and a method for testing the performance of the lithium ion battery will be described.
(6) The granularity test of the cathode slurry adopts the following method:
the cathode slurry after stirring was tested for granularity by using a malvern 3000 granularity tester, and the data included: dv10, dv50, dv90, dv99.
(7) The viscosity test of the negative electrode slurry adopts the following method:
taking a proper amount of negative electrode slurry, using a viscosity tester at 25 ℃, selecting a proper rotor, adjusting a proper rotating speed, testing the viscosity of the slurry and recording.
The test method for the first efficiency and the service life of the battery core of the lithium ion battery is as follows:
(8) The first efficiency test of the lithium ion battery adopts the following method:
to characterize the effect of coating graphite with the negative electrode slurry of the present invention, the first coulombic efficiencies of the example lithium ion battery and the comparative example lithium ion battery were tested. The specific method comprises the following steps: and taking metal lithium as an electrode, and testing according to the operation rule of a battery charge-discharge tester at the temperature of 23+/-2 ℃, wherein the tested half-battery discharge specific capacity (lithium removal) is divided by the charge specific capacity (lithium intercalation) to obtain the first coulombic efficiency.
(9) The service life test of the battery cell adopts the following method:
in order to characterize the influence of the lithium ion battery cathode slurry and the comparative lithium ion battery cathode slurry on the cycle life of a battery core, the lithium ion battery manufactured by the cathodes obtained in the methods of examples 1-18 and comparative examples 1-2 is charged and discharged for the first time at a current of 0.5C (namely, a current value of theoretical capacity is completely discharged in 2H), charged into constant current and constant voltage charge, the termination voltage is 4.3V, the current is 0.05C, the discharge termination voltage is 2.8V, then the battery is placed for 24H, the battery is subjected to charge and discharge test under the same conditions, constant current and constant voltage charge is carried out by 1C, the termination voltage is 4.3V, the current is 0.05C, the current is discharged by 1C, the discharge termination voltage is 2.8V, the discharge capacity Cb is recorded for the first time in the cycle life detection of the battery core BOL (Before of life), the test condition is that the cycle life is carried out for 400 times under the normal temperature condition, the voltage range is 2.8-4.3V, the intermediate placement is 5min, the cycle capacity is recorded, the rate Cb is the cycle life of the battery is the cycle life of the battery, and the Ce is the cycle life of the battery.
Table 1 parameters relating to the negative electrode sheets provided in examples 1-18 and comparative examples 1-2
Figure BDA0004073503310000091
Figure BDA0004073503310000101
TABLE 2 results of testing the negative electrode pastes prepared in examples 1-18 and comparative examples 1-2
Figure BDA0004073503310000102
Figure BDA0004073503310000111
TABLE 3 results of Performance test of lithium ion batteries prepared in examples 1-18 and comparative examples 1-2
Figure BDA0004073503310000112
Figure BDA0004073503310000121
From the above table data, it can be seen that the slurry dispersion system prepared by using the additives with the same structure provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the types of the additives, the proportion of the thickener and the weight ratio of the active material to the slurry dispersion system all affect the size of the slurry granularity, thereby further affecting the performance of the battery. It can be seen from the table that the smaller the slurry particle size Dv50, the higher the uniformity and stability of the resulting slurry dispersion, the lower the probability of agglomeration of the conductive agent powder into large particles, and the better the initial efficiency and cycle performance of the lithium ion battery prepared (examples 3, 8, 13). The slurry dispersion system prepared by the additives with different structures has the structure that the particle size Dv50 of the slurry obtained by the additives with the structure of the formula 2 is smaller, and the initial effect and the cycle performance of the prepared lithium ion battery are better (the example 2 and the example 8). When the additive structure is the same and the addition ratio of the additive and the thickener is the same, the amount of the active material is too large (example 14), and the proportion of the slurry dispersion system is correspondingly reduced, so that the risk of agglomeration may be increased. If the amount of the active material is too small (examples 11 and 13), the dispersibility is improved, but the cycle property and the rate performance of the negative electrode are also reduced, thereby affecting the performance of the lithium ion battery. The additive and the thickener are matched in proper proportion, so that the granularity of the slurry is more uniform, the additive is mainly used for enabling the slurry to be uniformly dispersed, and the thickener is mainly used for enabling the slurry mixture to be maintained at a certain viscosity, so that the slurry is ensured to be coated on the current collector more effectively, the proportion of the additive and the thickener in the slurry is required to meet a certain proportion range, and the additive and the thickener are matched for use, so that the slurry can maintain a certain viscosity and has a relatively uniform chemical composition, and the electrochemical performance of the lithium ion battery is ensured.
It should be noted that, although the foregoing embodiments have been described herein, the scope of the present invention is not limited thereby. Therefore, changes and modifications made to the embodiments described herein, or equivalent structures or equivalent flow transformations by employing the principles of the present invention, based on the innovative concepts of the present invention, will be apparent to those skilled in the art and may be practiced, directly or indirectly, in other relevant fields.

Claims (9)

1. A slurry dispersion comprising:
a conductive agent;
a solvent; and
an additive, characterized in that: the additive comprises a compound shown in a general formula I, wherein the general formula I has the following structure:
Figure FDA0004073503300000011
wherein R is 1 、R 2 、R 3 And R is 4 Are all selected from-CH 3 ,-CH 2 CH 3 ,-CH=CH 2 ,-Ph,-OOCH 2 CH 3 ,-OCH 3 ,-OCH 2 CH 3 One of OPh, -OH and-COOH, and n is 8-10.
2. The slurry dispersion according to claim 1, wherein the compound of formula i satisfies R 1 、R 2 、R 3 And R is 4 Are all selected from-OCH 2 CH 3 -one of OPh, -OH and-COOH.
3. The slurry dispersion system according to claim 1, wherein the conductive agent is selected from one or more of conductive carbon, acetylene black, super-P, carbon nanotubes, furnace black, carbon fibers, graphite, conductive graphite, copper powder and nickel powder.
4. The slurry dispersion according to claim 1, further comprising a thickener which is sodium carboxymethyl cellulose CMC.
5. Slurry dispersion according to claim 1, characterized in that the content of the additive is 0.01-3 wt%, preferably 0.1-2 wt%, of the total weight of the slurry dispersion.
6. Slurry dispersion according to claim 4, characterised in that the thickener is present in an amount of 0.1 to 5wt%, preferably 0.5 to 2wt%, based on the total weight of the slurry dispersion.
7. A negative electrode slurry comprising:
an active substance; a kind of electronic device with high-pressure air-conditioning system
The slurry dispersion of any one of claims 1-6.
8. The negative electrode slurry according to claim 7, wherein the weight ratio of the active material to the slurry dispersion is (85-100): 1-4.5, preferably in the range of (90-98): 1-2.
9. A lithium ion battery, comprising: positive pole, negative pole, electrolyte and barrier film, the negative pole contains negative pole diaphragm and current collector, its characterized in that: the negative electrode film is formed by coating the negative electrode slurry according to claim 7 or 8 on the current collector.
CN202310101980.3A 2019-06-18 2019-06-18 Slurry dispersion system, negative electrode slurry and lithium ion battery Pending CN116190655A (en)

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