CN112687951B - Low-temperature-resistant high-voltage type soft package lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Low-temperature-resistant high-voltage type soft package lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The low-temperature-resistant high-voltage soft package lithium ion battery comprises a positive plate, a negative plate, a diaphragm, electrolyte and an aluminum-plastic film, wherein the positive plate comprises positive slurry and aluminum foil, the negative plate comprises negative slurry and copper foil, the electrolyte is low-temperature electrolyte and comprises lithium salt, solvent and additive, the lithium salt comprises LiPF6 and LiBOB, the solvent comprises EC, EMC, PC, PA and EA, and EC/EMC/PC/PA/EA =22:18:8:36: 16; the additives include VC and FEC. The low-temperature-resistant soft package lithium battery can discharge at 0.5C and 1.0C multiplying power at the temperature of-40 ℃, the upper limit cut-off voltage of charge is up to 4.4V, and the volumetric specific energy density and the mass specific energy density of the battery are effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a low-temperature-resistant high-voltage soft package lithium ion battery and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of lithium ion batteries.
Background
With the development of lithium battery technology, the application range of the lithium ion battery is wider and wider, the performance index of the lithium battery is more and more severe due to the expansion of the application field, and the index of the market end for products can be gradually widened along with the application.
With the wide application of lithium ion batteries, the development of low-temperature lithium ion batteries has been receiving much attention at home and abroad. Although the discharge capacity of the lithium ion battery at the multiplying power of 0.2C, 0.5C and 1C at the temperature of-40 ℃ can meet the requirement of the low-temperature field, the working voltage of the battery is within the range of 2.5-4.2V, the energy density is about 420Wh/L, the energy density is low, the increase of the volume ratio energy of the low-temperature battery is inhibited, particularly in some special fields and on equipment with extremely strict weight requirement, the existing low-temperature lithium battery has obvious defects, and the further application of the lithium ion battery in the field is inhibited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a low-temperature-resistant high-voltage soft package lithium ion battery and a preparation method thereof, aiming at overcoming the defects of the prior art, the low-temperature-resistant high-voltage soft package lithium ion battery can discharge at 0.5C and 1.0C multiplying power at the temperature of-40 ℃, the upper limit cut-off voltage of charge is as high as 4.4V, and the volumetric specific energy density and the mass specific energy density of the battery are effectively improved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the low-temperature-resistant high-voltage soft package lithium ion battery comprises a positive plate, a negative plate, a diaphragm, electrolyte and an aluminum-plastic film, wherein the positive plate comprises positive slurry and aluminum foil, the negative plate comprises negative slurry and copper foil, the electrolyte is low-temperature electrolyte and comprises lithium salt, an organic solvent and an additive, the lithium salt comprises LiPF6 and LiBOB, the organic solvent comprises EC, EMC, PC, PA and EA, and EC/EMC/PC/PA/EA =22:18:8:36: 16; the additives include VC and FEC.
The viscosity of the positive electrode slurry is 7000 +/-2000 mpa.s, and the positive electrode slurry comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 67-70% of positive electrode solid matter and 30-33% of solvent NMP, wherein the positive electrode solid matter comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 91.5-94% of high voltage type lithium cobaltate, 2.2-2.7% of conductive agent SP, 1.2-1.8% of conductive carbon black ECP and 2.6-4% of polyvinylidene fluoride binder.
According to the low-temperature-resistant high-voltage soft package lithium ion battery, the viscosity of the negative electrode slurry is 2000 +/-1000 mpa.s, and the negative electrode slurry comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 50% -53% of negative electrode solid matter and 47% -50% of solvent water; the negative electrode solid matter comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 93-95% of negative pole artificial graphite, 1.6-2.2% of conductive agent SP, 1.4-1.8% of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and 2.0-3.0% of SBR binder.
According to the low-temperature-resistant high-voltage soft package lithium ion battery, the negative artificial graphite is quick-charging artificial graphite with the particle size of 8-11 microns, the negative artificial graphite is a composite material of a secondary particle carbonized product and a single particle, and the mass ratio of the secondary particle carbonized product to the single particle is 1: 1.
according to the low-temperature-resistant high-voltage soft package lithium ion battery, the concentration of the lithium salt is 1.1mol/L, the mass content of LiPF6 is 11-14%, the mass content of LiBOB is 2-3%, the mass content of LiPF6 and LiBOB is 14-16%, the mass content of VC is 3%, and the mass content of FEC is 2% in the electrolyte.
In the low-temperature-resistant high-voltage soft package lithium ion battery, the diaphragm is a PE diaphragm, the air permeability is 150-300s/100mL, and the thickness is 16-18 μm.
A preparation method of a low-temperature-resistant high-voltage soft package lithium ion battery comprises the steps of preparing a positive plate, preparing a negative plate, assembling and grading, wherein the grading process comprises the following steps: injecting electrolyte, pre-sealing, activating, forming, secondary packaging and grading to prepare the flexible package battery, wherein the forming process is high-temperature pressure forming, the high-temperature pressure is 0.2-0.4mpa of surface pressure, the temperature is 55 +/-2 ℃, and the cold-pressing pressure is 0.5-1.0mpa of surface pressure, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
a. standing for 3 min;
b. charging at 0.2C for 60min with constant current, and limiting voltage to 4.05V;
c. standing for 1 min;
d. and (4) charging at a constant current of 0.6C for 50min, and limiting the voltage to 4.2V.
The low-temperature-resistant high-voltage soft package lithium ion battery has the activation temperature of 40-45 ℃ and the activation time of 36-48 h.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the voltage application range of the soft package type lithium ion battery prepared by the invention is 2.5-4.4V, 0.5C and 1.0C discharge can be carried out at minus 40 ℃, the 0.5C discharge capacity can reach more than 70% of the nominal capacity, the 1.0C discharge capacity can reach more than 60% of the nominal capacity, the volumetric specific energy of the soft package type lithium ion battery is improved by 60-100Wh/L compared with the existing battery, and the 0.2C discharge capacity can reach more than 90% of the nominal capacity under the condition of high temperature 60 ℃.
The electrolyte adopted by the invention contains a certain amount of LiBOB in lithium salt, can form a film on the surface of a high-voltage positive electrode material, effectively prevents the side reaction of the electrolyte and the electrode material, has better film forming capability on the surface of negative electrode graphite, has better oxidation stability to the positive electrode, and can effectively improve the cycle performance of the battery.
In the preparation process of the battery, the limitation of the activation temperature and the activation time can effectively improve the wettability of the electrolyte and the liquid retention amount of the electrolyte, thereby improving the cycle performance of the battery, and under the premise of the same other conditions, the cycle life of 0.5C can be prolonged by more than 100 weeks.
In the preparation process of the battery, the formation temperature and the time are limited, so that the battery has better film forming capability on the graphite surface of the negative electrode when being charged for the first time, the uniformity of the film forming of the battery is ensured, and the cycle of the battery under the charging voltage of 4.4V and the stability of 1.0C discharge under the condition of low temperature of-40 ℃ are effectively improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a comparison graph of the low temperature resistant high voltage soft-package lithium ion battery prepared by the present invention discharging at 0.5C rate at-40 ℃ and the existing soft-package lithium ion battery discharging at 0.5C rate at-40 ℃;
FIG. 2 is a comparison graph of 1.0C rate discharge at-40 ℃ of a low temperature resistant high voltage soft-package lithium ion battery prepared by the present invention and 1.0C rate discharge at-40 ℃ of the existing soft-package lithium ion battery;
fig. 3 is a comparison graph of 0.2C rate discharge at 60 ℃ of the low-temperature-resistant high-voltage soft-package lithium ion battery prepared by the present invention and 0.2C rate discharge at 60 ℃ of the conventional soft-package lithium ion battery.
Detailed Description
The organic solvent of the electrolyte is added with PA and EA, so that the low-temperature performance of the battery can be effectively maintained, the electrolyte LiBOB is used for forming a film on the surface of a high-voltage positive electrode material, the side reaction of the electrolyte and the electrode material is prevented to a certain extent, meanwhile, the electrolyte has better film forming capability on the surface of negative electrode graphite, has better oxidation stability on the positive electrode, and can effectively improve the cycle performance of the battery; the additive FEC is beneficial to dissolving lithium salt, improves the wettability of an electrode and a diaphragm, and improves the capacity exertion and low-temperature performance of the battery.
High-pressure lithium cobalt oxide is selected from the positive electrode slurry, so that the charging voltage of the battery can be increased to 4.4V; the negative electrode slurry is prepared from high-rate artificial graphite and a composite material of a secondary particle carbonized product and a single particle of the high-rate artificial graphite, so that the high-rate artificial graphite can meet the requirements of quick charging performance and low-temperature rate discharging performance on one hand, and can also meet the high-temperature performance of the battery on the other hand.
The soft package type lithium ion battery prepared by the invention can discharge at 0.5C and 1.0C at the temperature of minus 40 ℃, the 0.5C discharge capacity can reach more than 70 percent of the nominal capacity, and the 1.0C discharge capacity can reach more than 60 percent of the nominal capacity (the 0.5C discharge capacity of the existing low-temperature battery with the working voltage of 2.5V to 4.2V can reach 80 percent of the nominal capacity, the 1.0C discharge capacity can reach 70 percent of the nominal capacity, although the low-temperature multiplying power discharge performance is excellent, the lithium ion battery with the required volume ratio and weight ratio can not reach the capacity, only by the mode of increasing the voltage, the volume ratio energy of the soft package type lithium ion battery can be increased by 60 to 100Wh/L compared with the existing battery), and the discharge capacity of 0.2C can reach more than 90 percent of the nominal capacity under the condition of high temperature 60 ℃ (the discharge capacity of the existing low-temperature battery with the working voltage of 2.5V-4.2V is equivalent to the discharge capacity).
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
Positive plate: the positive electrode paste comprises aluminum foil and positive electrode paste coated on the aluminum foil, wherein the positive electrode composition is prepared from 68% of solid matters and 32% of solvent NMP; wherein the solid substance comprises 92% of high voltage type lithium cobaltate, 2.5% of conductive agent SP, 1.5% of conductive carbon black ECP and 4% of polyvinylidene fluoride binder, and the solid substance is prepared by dry powder mixing, mud stirring, high viscosity stirring and viscosity adjustment to 6500 mpa.s.
And (3) negative plate: comprises copper foil and negative electrode slurry coated on the copper foil, wherein the negative electrode component consists of 53 percent of solid matter and 47 percent of solvent water; wherein the solid matter comprises 93.5 percent of negative pole artificial graphite, 2 percent of conductive agent SP, 1.5 percent of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and 3.0 percent of SBR binder, and the viscosity is adjusted to 2200mpa.s by dry powder mixing, mud stirring, CMC stirring and high viscosity stirring.
A diaphragm: the PE diaphragm with the air permeability of 220s/100mL is adopted as the diaphragm, the thickness is 16 mu m, and the porosity is 45%.
Electrolyte solution: the concentration of lithium salt is 1.1mol/L, the solvent proportion EC/EMC/PC/PA/EA =22:18:8:36:16, the content of LiPF6 and LiBOB in the electrolyte is 15 percent in total, the content of additives including VC is 2.5 percent, and the content of FEC is 2.5 percent
The preparation process of the soft package lithium battery comprises the following steps:
preparing a positive plate: coating the positive electrode slurry on an aluminum foil, and forming a positive plate through rolling, splitting, welding a tab, rubberizing and baking;
preparing a negative plate: coating the negative electrode slurry on a copper foil, and rolling, slitting, welding a tab, rubberizing and baking to form a negative electrode sheet;
assembling: winding the positive plate, the negative plate and the diaphragm to form a winding core, then measuring short circuit, loading an aluminum-plastic film, packaging, measuring short circuit, pressing an angle and baking to form a semi-finished product battery cell;
capacity grading: and injecting electrolyte, pre-sealing, activating, forming, secondary packaging and grading to prepare the flexible package battery.
In the preparation process, the activation temperature is 40-45 ℃, the time is 36h, and the formation adopts high-temperature pressure formation, and the specific implementation is as follows:
hot pressing pressure of 0.2mpa, temperature of 55 deg.C, and cold pressing pressure of 1.0mpa
The pressure formation process comprises the following steps:
A. standing for 3min
B.0.2C current constant current charging, time limit is 60min, and limit voltage is 4.05V
C. Standing for 1min
D.0.6C current constant current charging, the time limit is 50min, and the limit voltage is 4.2V.
The low-temperature-resistant high-voltage type soft package lithium ion battery prepared by the method has the following test results: the voltage range is 2.5-4.4V; 70.2% of 0.5C discharge capacity at-40 ℃, 71.3%; 62.1 percent and 60.8 percent of 1.0C discharge capacity at minus 40 ℃; 91.83% of 0.2C discharge capacity and 92.4% of the discharge capacity at 60 ℃, and 66.2% and 65.7% of the residual capacity after 400 times of 0.5C circulation.
Example 2
Positive plate: the positive electrode slurry comprises aluminum foil and positive electrode slurry coated on the aluminum foil, wherein the positive electrode component is composed of 70% of solid matter and 30% of solvent NMP; the solid matter comprises 94% of high voltage type lithium cobaltate, 2.2% of conductive agent SP, 1.2% of conductive carbon black ECP and 2.6% of polyvinylidene fluoride binder, and is prepared by dry powder mixing, mud stirring, high viscosity stirring and viscosity adjusting to 7000 mpa.s.
And (3) negative plate: comprises copper foil and negative electrode slurry coated on the copper foil, wherein the negative electrode component consists of 51 percent of solid matter and 49 percent of solvent water; the solid matter comprises 93% of negative pole artificial graphite, 2.2% of conductive agent SP, 1.8% of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and 3.0% of SBR binder, and the solid matter is prepared by dry powder mixing, mud stirring, CMC stirring and high-viscosity stirring, wherein the viscosity is adjusted to 2500 mpa.s.
A diaphragm: the diaphragm adopts a PE diaphragm with air permeability of 220s/100ml, the thickness is 16um, and the porosity is 45%.
Electrolyte: the concentration of lithium salt is 1.1mol/L, the solvent proportion EC/EMC/PC/PA/EA =22:18:8:36:16, the content of LiPF6 and LiBOB in the electrolyte is 15 percent, the content of VC as an additive is 2.0 percent, and the content of FEC is 3.0 percent
The preparation process of the soft package lithium battery comprises the following steps:
preparing a positive plate: coating the positive electrode slurry on an aluminum foil, and forming a positive plate through rolling, splitting, welding a tab, rubberizing and baking;
preparing a negative plate: coating the negative electrode slurry on a copper foil, and rolling, slitting, welding a tab, rubberizing and baking to form a negative electrode sheet;
assembling: winding the positive plate, the negative plate and the diaphragm to form a winding core, then measuring short circuit, loading an aluminum-plastic film, packaging, measuring short circuit, pressing an angle and baking to form a semi-finished product battery cell;
capacity grading: and injecting electrolyte, pre-sealing, activating, forming, secondary packaging and grading to prepare the flexible package battery.
In the preparation process, the activation time is high temperature of 40-45 ℃ and 48 hours, and the formation adopts high-temperature pressure formation, and the specific implementation is as follows:
hot pressing pressure of 0.4mpa, temperature of 56 deg.C, and cold pressing pressure of 1.0mpa
The pressure formation process comprises the following steps:
A. standing for 3min
B.0.2C current constant current charging, time limit is 60min, and limit voltage is 4.05V
C. Standing for 1min
D.0.6C current constant current charging, the time limit is 50min, and the limit voltage is 4.2V.
The low-temperature-resistant high-voltage type soft package lithium ion battery prepared by the method has the following test results: the voltage range is 2.5-4.4V; 72.5% of 0.5C discharge capacity at-40 ℃, 72.8%; 62.7 percent and 63.1 percent of 1.0C discharge capacity at minus 40 ℃; the 0.2C discharge capacity at 60 ℃ is 92.0 percent, 92.2 percent, the 0.5C cycle is 400 times, and the residual capacity is 65.4 percent and 65.8 percent.
Comparative example 1
In the preparation process of the lithium battery, the activation time is 24h, other conditions are the same as those of the example 1, and the test result of the prepared battery is as follows: the voltage range is 2.5-4.4V; 70.5 percent and 70.7 percent of 0.5C discharge capacity at minus 40 ℃; 60.5 percent and 61.1 percent of 1.0C discharge capacity at minus 40 ℃; 92.05% of 0.2C discharge capacity, 91.38% of the discharge capacity, and 300 times of 0.5C cycle under the condition of 60 ℃, and 55.8% and 56.3% of the residual capacity. The activation time is short, and the cycle service life of the prepared battery is reduced by 100 times compared with that of the lithium battery prepared by the method.
Comparative example 2
In the preparation process of the lithium battery, the activation time is 55h, other conditions are the same as those of the example 2, and the test result of the prepared battery is as follows: the voltage range is 2.5-4.4V; 71.5 percent and 71.8 percent of 0.5C discharge capacity at minus 40 ℃; 63.7% of 1.0C discharge capacity at-40 ℃ and 62.9%; 91.74 percent of 0.2C discharge capacity at 60 ℃, 92.13 percent of the discharge capacity, 300 times of 0.5C circulation, 62.3 percent of residual capacity and 64.7 percent of residual capacity. The activation time is too long, and the cycle service life of the prepared battery is reduced by 100 times compared with that of the lithium battery prepared by the method.
Comparative example 3
In the preparation process of the lithium battery, the activation temperature is 40-50 ℃, the activation time is 24h, the high-temperature pressure formation temperature is 60 ℃, other conditions are the same as the conditions of the example 1, and the test result of the prepared battery is as follows: the voltage range is 2.5-4.4V; 70.85% and 70.96% of 0.5C discharge capacity at-40 ℃; 59.2% of 1.0C discharge capacity at-40 ℃, 54.52%; the 0.2C discharge capacity at 60 ℃ is 91.92%, 91.96%, and the residual capacity is 63.8% and 65.1% after 0.5C circulation for 300 times. In the preparation process of the battery, the activation time is short, the formation temperature is too high, the discharge capacity of the prepared battery at low temperature of 1.0C is lower than 60 percent, and the cycle service life of the prepared battery is reduced by 100 times compared with the cycle service life of the lithium battery prepared under the condition of the invention.
Comparative example 4
In the preparation process of the lithium battery, the activation temperature is 40-50 ℃, the activation time is 40h, in the high-temperature pressure formation, the hot-pressing pressure is 0.6mpa of surface pressure, the temperature is 57 ℃, the cold-pressing pressure is 1.2mpa of surface pressure, other conditions are the same as those of the example 2, and the test result of the prepared battery is as follows: the voltage range is 2.5-4.4V; 69.81% and 68.20% of 0.5C discharge capacity at-40 ℃; 50.73% of 1.0C discharge capacity at-40 ℃, 52.55% >; the 0.2C discharge capacity at 60 ℃ is 92.01 percent, 92.34 percent, the 0.5C cycle is 220 times, and the residual capacity is 60.49 percent and 62.15 percent. In the high-temperature pressure formation process, when the hot pressing pressure and the cold pressing pressure exceed the surface pressure range defined by the invention, the 0.5C discharge capacity of the prepared lithium battery is lower than 70 percent at low temperature, the 1.0C discharge capacity is lower than 60 percent, and the cycle service life of the lithium battery is reduced by 200 times compared with the cycle service life of the lithium battery prepared under the condition of the invention.
The discharge conditions of the soft package type lithium battery prepared by the formula and the method of the invention at minus 40 ℃ and 0.5C and 1.0C multiplying power are compared with the discharge conditions of the existing lithium battery, the existing soft package type lithium battery is not subjected to activation and high-temperature pressure formation in the preparation process, and the components of the electrolyte and the positive and negative electrode slurry are different from those of the invention. Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the discharge capacity of the low-temperature-resistant high-voltage soft-package lithium battery prepared by the invention is lower than that of the existing product, but the initial discharge voltage is higher, the initial voltage drop of 0.5C discharge of the soft-package lithium battery prepared by the invention is about 3.7V at a low temperature of-40 ℃, the initial voltage drop of the existing battery product is about 3.52V, the initial voltage drop of 1.0C discharge of the soft-package lithium battery prepared by the invention is about 3.32V at a low temperature of-40 ℃, and the initial voltage drop of 1.0C discharge of the existing battery product is about 3.18V.
Referring to fig. 3, the 0.2C rate discharge of the lithium battery prepared according to the present invention at 60C is compared with the discharge of the conventional lithium battery under the same conditions. During high-temperature discharge, the initial voltage drop of the low-temperature-resistant high-voltage lithium battery prepared by the invention is about 4.38V, and the initial voltage drop of the battery of the existing lithium battery product is about 4.18V.
Claims (6)
1. The preparation method of the low-temperature-resistant high-voltage soft package lithium ion battery comprises a positive plate, a negative plate, a diaphragm, electrolyte and an aluminum-plastic film, wherein the positive plate comprises positive slurry and aluminum foil, and the negative plate comprises negative slurry and copper foil, and is characterized in that: the electrolyte is a low-temperature electrolyte and comprises lithium salt, a solvent and an additive, wherein the lithium salt comprises LiPF6 and LiBOB, the solvent comprises EC, EMC, PC, PA and EA, and EC/EMC/PC/PA/EA =22:18:8:36: 16; the additives comprise VC and FEC; the preparation method comprises the steps of preparing the positive plate, preparing the negative plate, assembling and grading, wherein the grading process comprises the following steps: injecting electrolyte, pre-sealing, activating, forming, secondary packaging and grading to prepare the flexible package battery, wherein the forming process is high-temperature pressure forming, the high-temperature pressure is 0.2-0.4mpa of surface pressure, the temperature is 55 +/-2 ℃, and the cold-pressing pressure is 0.5-1.0mpa of surface pressure, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
a. standing for 3 min;
b. charging at 0.2C for 60min with constant current, and limiting voltage to 4.05V;
c. standing for 1 min;
d. charging at constant current of 0.6C for 50min and at 4.2V;
the activation temperature is 40-45 ℃, and the activation time is 36-48 h.
2. The preparation method of the low-temperature-resistant high-voltage soft package lithium ion battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: the viscosity of the positive electrode slurry is 7000 +/-2000 mpa.s, and the positive electrode slurry comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 67-70% of positive electrode solid matter and 30-33% of solvent NMP, wherein the positive electrode solid matter comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 91.5-94% of high voltage type lithium cobaltate, 2.2-2.7% of conductive agent SP, 1.2-1.8% of conductive carbon black ECP and 2.6-4% of polyvinylidene fluoride binder.
3. The preparation method of the low-temperature-resistant high-voltage soft package lithium ion battery according to claim 2, characterized in that: the viscosity of the negative electrode slurry is 2000 +/-1000 mpa.s, and the negative electrode slurry comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 50% -53% of negative electrode solid matter and 47% -50% of solvent water; the negative electrode solid matter comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 93-95% of negative pole artificial graphite, 1.6-2.2% of conductive agent SP, 1.4-1.8% of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and 2.0-3.0% of SBR binder.
4. The preparation method of the low-temperature-resistant high-voltage soft package lithium ion battery according to claim 3, characterized in that: the negative electrode artificial graphite is quick-charging artificial graphite with the particle size of 8-11 microns, the negative electrode artificial graphite is a composite material of a secondary particle carbonized product and single particles, and the mass ratio of the secondary particle carbonized product to the single particles is 1: 1.
5. the method for preparing the low-temperature-resistant high-voltage soft package lithium ion battery according to claim 4, wherein the concentration of the lithium salt is 1.1mol/L, and in the electrolyte, the mass content of LiPF6 is 11-14%, the mass content of LiBOB is 2-3%, the mass content of LiPF6 and LiBOB is 14-16%, the mass content of VC is 3%, and the mass content of FEC is 2%.
6. The preparation method of the low-temperature-resistant high-voltage soft package lithium ion battery according to claim 5, characterized in that: the diaphragm is a PE diaphragm, the air permeability of the PE diaphragm is 150-300s/100mL, and the thickness of the PE diaphragm is 16-18 μm.
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