CN116143430A - Concrete block and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Concrete block and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN116143430A CN116143430A CN202211606899.2A CN202211606899A CN116143430A CN 116143430 A CN116143430 A CN 116143430A CN 202211606899 A CN202211606899 A CN 202211606899A CN 116143430 A CN116143430 A CN 116143430A
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims abstract description 219
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 219
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 218
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 218
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 102
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000010907 stover Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920005646 polycarboxylate Polymers 0.000 description 3
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
- C04B7/24—Cements from oil shales, residues or waste other than slag
- C04B7/28—Cements from oil shales, residues or waste other than slag from combustion residues, e.g. ashes or slags from waste incineration
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a concrete block and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: 1) Crushing and calcining corn stalks to obtain first corn stalk ash; 2) Grinding the first corn stalk ash to obtain second corn stalk ash; 3) Soaking the second corn stalk ash in citric acid solution, filtering, and drying the solid to obtain third corn stalk ash; 4) And replacing part of cement with the third corn stalk ash to prepare concrete, thereby preparing the concrete block. The invention aims to solve the technical problems of how to digest and utilize the corn straw, so that the effective substances such as oxides and the like contained in the corn straw can be fully utilized, the corn straw can be changed into valuable substances, the resource utilization can be achieved, the performances such as the strength of the concrete block can be improved, and meanwhile, the air pollution caused by the burning of the corn straw can be avoided, so that the invention is more suitable for practical use.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of materials, and particularly relates to a concrete block and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The production of 7 hundred million tons of crop straws per year is the first place in the world. In the growth process of crops, the crops can fix the oxides in the soil in the straw in a biomineralization mode. In different types of crop straw ashThe chemical composition is greatly different from SiO 2 、Al 2 O 3 、Fe 2 O 3 、CaO、K 2 O、MgO、Na 2 O、TiO 2 The silica content of the crop straw ash is about 90%, 70%, 60% and 50% in different proportions in different types of crop straw ash, such as rice, sorghum, rape and wheat straw. Meanwhile, the straw contains a large amount of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and the like, and residual organic impurities are different at different combustion temperatures and combustion times, so that the activity of straw ash is greatly different.
In the crops in China, the corn planting range is the widest, the area is the largest, the total yield is the highest, and a large amount of corn straw waste is produced each year. Because the corn stalks have no effective digestion way, after autumn harvest each year, farmers often burn the corn stalks, on one hand, the air is seriously polluted, the health and traffic safety of people are endangered, and on the other hand, the effective substances such as oxides contained in the plant stalks are also abandoned, so that the waste of resources is also caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a concrete block and a preparation method thereof, and aims to solve the technical problems of how to digest and utilize corn straw, so that effective substances such as oxides contained in the corn straw can be fully utilized, the corn straw can be turned into wealth, the resource utilization can be achieved, the performances such as the strength of the concrete block can be improved, and meanwhile, the air pollution caused by the burning of the corn straw can be avoided, so that the concrete block is more suitable for practical use.
The aim and the technical problems of the invention are realized by adopting the following technical proposal. The invention provides a preparation method of a concrete block, which comprises the following steps:
1) Crushing and calcining corn stalks to obtain first corn stalk ash;
2) Grinding the first corn stalk ash to obtain second corn stalk ash;
3) Soaking the second corn stalk ash in citric acid solution, filtering, and drying the solid to obtain third corn stalk ash;
4) And replacing part of cement with the third corn stalk ash to prepare concrete, thereby preparing the concrete block.
The aim and the technical problems of the invention can be further realized by adopting the following technical measures.
Preferably, in the preparation method, the grain size of the crushed corn straw is less than or equal to 3mm.
Preferably, the aforementioned preparation method, wherein the calcination is performed at 600 to 800 ℃.
Preferably, the preparation method comprises the steps of 2 、Al 2 O 3 And Fe (Fe) 2 O 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The SiO is 2 、Al 2 O 3 And Fe (Fe) 2 O 3 The mass percentage of (2) is 50-75%.
Preferably, the aforementioned method of preparation, wherein the milling is milling the first corn stover ash using a mill ball; the mass ratio of the grinding balls to the first corn stalk ash is 7.5-18:1.
Preferably, the preparation method comprises the step of mixing the grinding balls with the mass ratio of 1:1:1, wherein the grinding balls have the particle size of 10mm, the grinding balls have the particle size of 20mm and the grinding balls have the particle size of 30 mm.
Preferably, the preparation method comprises the steps of, in percentage by mass, the crystallization rate of the second corn stalk ash is 50-70%, the grain size is 70-90 nm, and the activity SiO 2 、Al 2 O 3 And Fe (Fe) 2 O 3 25-30% of the total mass percent.
Preferably, in the aforementioned preparation method, the mass concentration of the citric acid solution is 2-4%; the soaking time is 9-15 h.
Preferably, the preparation method, wherein the pore volume of the third corn stalk ash is 0.13-0.18 cm 3 /g。
The aim of the invention and the technical problems are also achieved by adopting the following technical proposal. The concrete block provided by the invention comprises third corn straw ash; the third corn stalk ashIs obtained by sequentially crushing corn straw, calcining, grinding, soaking in citric acid solution, filtering and drying; the pore volume of the third corn stalk ash is 0.13-0.18 cm 3 /g。
By means of the technical scheme, the concrete block and the preparation method provided by the invention have at least the following advantages:
the concrete block and the preparation method thereof provided by the invention have the advantages that firstly, the corn straw is crushed, then calcined and ground, and the crystallization rate, the grain size and the SiO of the main oxide in the corn straw ash are effectively controlled by controlling the crushing, calcining and grinding processes 2 、Al 2 O 3 And Fe (Fe) 2 O 3 Total content and active SiO 2 、Al 2 O 3 And Fe (Fe) 2 O 3 The content of the additive is added into the concrete, so that the strength of the concrete block is improved; then further removing impurities by controlling the citric acid modification treatment process to enable the impurities to reach the specified pore volume and specific surface area, so that the activity of the corn straw ash is improved; finally, the cement is used as a cementing material, and the cement is partially replaced by the cement in the concrete block, so that the strength of the maize straw ash concrete block can be improved; according to the technical scheme, corn straw waste can be digested in a large amount, so that effective substances such as oxides contained in corn straw can be fully utilized, the corn straw is turned into wealth, the recycling utilization rate of the corn straw is improved, the strength and other performances of the concrete block can be improved, the emission of agricultural waste can be reduced, and air pollution caused by burning of the corn straw is avoided.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the present invention, and is intended to provide a better understanding of the present invention, as it is embodied in the following description, with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an XRD spectrum of a first corn stover ash obtained from the calcination of corn stover;
FIG. 2 is an infrared spectrum of a first corn stover ash obtained from the calcination of corn stover;
FIG. 3 is an XRD spectrum of a second corn stover ash obtained from grinding a first corn stover ash;
fig. 4 is an infrared spectrum of a second corn stover ash obtained from grinding a first corn stover ash.
Detailed Description
In order to further describe the technical means and effects adopted by the invention to achieve the preset aim, the following description refers to the specific implementation, structure, characteristics and effects of a concrete block and a preparation method according to the invention by combining the accompanying drawings and the preferred embodiment.
The invention provides a preparation method of a concrete block, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, crushing corn stalks to form granules with the grain diameter less than or equal to 3 mm; the crushing can be performed by any crushing mode in the field, and the invention is not particularly limited; the particle size of the particles is defined in the present invention to facilitate calcination thereof in a subsequent calcination process and to make calcination more efficient.
And secondly, placing the crushed corn straw particles into a muffle furnace for calcination to obtain first corn straw ash.
The calcination is carried out at 600-800 ℃, and the SiO in the first corn stalk ash is removed by controlling the process parameters of calcination, such as the calcination temperature T and the calcination time T 2 、Al 2 O 3 And Fe (Fe) 2 O 3 The total content of the oxide is controlled within a certain range; FIG. 1 shows XRD patterns of first corn stalk ash obtained by calcining corn stalk, and the crystallization rate and grain size data of the first corn stalk ash after calcination can be obtained by adopting a corresponding formula according to the data of the XRD patterns; the result shows that the crystallization rate of the corn straw ash is continuously increased and the grain size is continuously reduced along with the increase of the calcination temperature; FIG. 2 is an infrared spectrum of a first corn stover ash obtained from the calcination of corn stover, from which SiO can be calculated by integration of FIG. 2 2 、Al 2 O 3 And Fe (Fe) 2 O 3 Specific values of oxide content; from which it is possible to obtainAs a result, it was found that the active SiO contained in the first corn stover ash was increased with increasing calcination temperature 2 、Al 2 O 3 And Fe (Fe) 2 O 3 The content is reduced. The calcination temperature is preferably 700-800 ℃; further preferably, the calcination temperature is 750 to 800 ℃; it is further preferred that the calcination temperature is 750 ℃.
In the technical scheme of the invention, the first corn stalk ash after calcination contains SiO 2 、Al 2 O 3 、Fe 2 O 3 、CaO、MgO、SO 3 、Na 2 O、K 2 O、P 2 O 5 And the like; wherein the invention specifically defines the SiO 2 、Al 2 O 3 And Fe (Fe) 2 O 3 The sum of the mass percentages of the components is 50 to 75 percent, because the corn stalk ash still contains K after calcination 2 O、P 2 O 5 Various impurities such as CaO and MgO, and thus SiO after calcination 2 、Al 2 O 3 And Fe (Fe) 2 O 3 It is unlikely that the sum of the mass percentages of (a) exceeds 80%, or even further improvement of SiO can be achieved by adjusting the calcination temperature and the calcination time 2 、Al 2 O 3 And Fe (Fe) 2 O 3 The content of oxide is not good in comprehensive cost performance; and when the SiO is 2 、Al 2 O 3 And Fe (Fe) 2 O 3 When the sum of the mass percentages is less than 50%, the organic impurities contained in the corn straw ash are too high, which can affect the activity of the corn straw ash; therefore, the technical scheme of the invention preferably selects the SiO 2 、Al 2 O 3 And Fe (Fe) 2 O 3 The sum of the mass percentages of the components is 50 to 75 percent.
And grinding the first corn stalk ash again to obtain second corn stalk ash.
The grinding can be performed by any form of grinding equipment in the prior art, and the invention is not particularly limited; the grinding is to grind the first corn stalk ash by using grinding balls; the quality and efficiency of the grinding is related to the size of the grinding balls used and the mass ratio of the grinding balls to the first corn stover ash, so the size of the grinding balls to the ball-to-material ratio (the ratio of the mass of the grinding balls to the mass of the first corn stover ash) is a key parameter.
In order to obtain a better grinding effect, the grinding balls used in grinding are mixed grinding balls of different particle sizes according to proportion; the grinding balls are preferably mixed grinding balls of 10 mm-diameter grinding balls, 20 mm-diameter grinding balls and 30 mm-diameter grinding balls in a mass ratio of 1:1:1.
FIG. 3 shows XRD patterns of second corn stalk ash obtained by grinding first corn stalk ash, and the crystallization rate and grain size data of the first corn stalk ash after calcination can be obtained by adopting a corresponding formula according to the data of the XRD patterns; as can be seen from the results, when the first corn stalk ash obtained by calcination under the same calcination temperature and calcination time conditions is ground under different ball-to-material ratio conditions, the crystallization rate of the second corn stalk ash is continuously reduced and the grain size is continuously reduced along with the increase of the ball-to-material ratio; FIG. 4 is an infrared spectrum of a second corn stalk ash obtained from grinding a first corn stalk ash, from which SiO can be calculated from the integration of FIG. 4 2 、Al 2 O 3 And Fe (Fe) 2 O 3 Specific values of oxide content; as can be seen from the results, when the first corn stalk ash obtained by calcination under the same calcination temperature and calcination time conditions is ground under different ball-to-material ratio conditions, the infrared spectrum is about 1035cm with the increase of the ball-to-material ratio -1 The peak area is larger, indicating that the activity SiO 2 、Al 2 O 3 And Fe (Fe) 2 O 3 The content increases.
In the invention, the mass ratio of the grinding ball to the first corn stalk ash is preferably 7.5-18:1; further preferably, the mass ratio of the grinding balls to the first corn stalk ash is 10-18:1; further preferably, the mass ratio of the grinding balls to the first corn stalk ash is 12.5-18:1; further preferably, the mass ratio of the grinding balls to the first corn stalk ash is 15-18:1; it is further preferred that the mass ratio of the grinding balls to the first corn stover ash is 18:1.
Said firstGrinding the first corn stalk ash to obtain second corn stalk ash; the crystallization rate of the second corn stalk ash is 50-70%, the grain size is 70-90 nm, and the activity SiO is calculated by mass percent 2 、Al 2 O 3 And Fe (Fe) 2 O 3 25-30% of the total mass percent.
And repeatedly soaking the second corn stalk ash in a citric acid solution, filtering, and drying the solid to obtain third corn stalk ash.
The citric acid solution is used for soaking the second corn stalk ash, so that the organic impurities in the second corn stalk ash are removed, and the pore volume of the second corn stalk ash is enlarged. The concentration of the citric acid solution and the soaking time of the second corn stalk ash in the citric acid solution are key influencing factors for impurity removal. As the concentration of the citric acid solution increases, and as the soaking time of the second corn stover ash in the citric acid solution increases, the pore volume of the second corn stover ash increases. The mass concentration of the citric acid solution is preferably 2-4%; further preferably, the mass concentration of the citric acid solution is 2.5-3.5%; it is further preferred that the mass concentration of the citric acid solution is 3%; the soaking time is 9-15 h; further preferably, the soaking time is 10.5-13.5 hours; further preferably, the soaking time is 12 hours; the pore volume of the third corn stalk ash after being soaked and modified by citric acid is 0.13 cm to 0.18cm 3 /g。
And finally, replacing part of cement with the third corn stalk ash to prepare concrete, thereby preparing the concrete block. The technical scheme of the invention is not particularly limited to the substitution rate of the third corn stalk ash on cement; for convenience of research, the substitution rate of the corn stalk ash to cement in the subsequent embodiment is 30%. But are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The invention also provides a concrete block, which comprises third corn stalk ash; the third corn stalk ash is obtained by crushing corn stalks, calcining, grinding, soaking in citric acid solution, filtering and drying; the pore volume of the third corn stalk ash is 0.13-0.18 cm 3 /g。
According to the technical scheme, the crystallization rate, grain size and SiO of main oxides in the corn straw ash are effectively controlled by crushing, calcining and grinding the corn straw 2 、Al 2 O 3 And Fe (Fe) 2 O 3 Total content and active SiO 2 、Al 2 O 3 And Fe (Fe) 2 O 3 And finally, the third corn straw ash obtained through the steps is used as a cementing material, and the third corn straw ash is added into a concrete formula to partially replace cement, so that the strength of the corn straw ash concrete block can be improved.
The invention will be further described with reference to specific examples, which are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, but rather as falling within the scope of the invention, since numerous insubstantial modifications and adaptations of the invention will now occur to those skilled in the art in light of the foregoing disclosure.
Unless otherwise indicated, materials, reagents, and the like referred to below are commercially available products well known to those skilled in the art; unless otherwise indicated, the methods are all methods well known in the art. Unless otherwise defined, technical or scientific terms used should be given the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
Example 1:
the concrete block added with the second corn stalk ash is prepared by the method, and the concrete block is prepared by the following specific preparation steps:
1) Crushing corn stalks into granules with the grain diameter less than or equal to 3 mm;
2) Calcining the particles in a muffle furnace at 600 ℃ for 90min to obtain first corn stalk ash;
3) Grinding the prepared first corn stalk ash under the condition of a ball-to-material ratio of 18:1 to obtain second corn stalk ash;
4) The concrete is prepared according to the following formula: taking 7 parts of cement of 32.5 parts of PO, 3 parts of second corn stalk ash in the embodiment, 30 parts of stones and sand with the particle size less than or equal to 4.75mm, wherein the substitution amount of the second corn stalk ash to the cement is 30%; adding 3 parts of polycarboxylate water reducer and 5 parts of water, and uniformly mixing;
5) And preparing the uniformly mixed concrete mixture into a concrete block.
The first corn stalk ash of this example was subjected to component detection, and the results are shown in table 1; the performance parameters of the second corn stalk ash of this example and the 28-day compressive strength of the concrete block added with the second corn stalk ash of this example are shown in table 2.
Example 2:
this example prepared a concrete block with added second corn stalk ash, the procedure being the same as example 1 except that the calcination temperature was 650 ℃.
The first corn stalk ash of this example was subjected to component detection, and the results are shown in table 1; the performance parameters of the second corn stalk ash of this example and the 28-day compressive strength of the concrete block added with the second corn stalk ash of this example are shown in table 2.
Example 3:
the procedure of this example was followed to produce a concrete block with added second corn stover ash, with the difference that the calcination temperature was 700 ℃.
The first corn stalk ash of this example was subjected to component detection, and the results are shown in table 1; the performance parameters of the second corn stalk ash of this example and the 28-day compressive strength of the concrete block added with the second corn stalk ash of this example are shown in table 2.
Example 4:
this example prepared a concrete block with added second corn straw ash, the procedure being the same as example 1 except that the calcination temperature was 750 ℃.
The first corn stalk ash of this example was subjected to component detection, and the results are shown in table 1; the performance parameters of the second corn stalk ash of this example and the 28-day compressive strength of the concrete block added with the second corn stalk ash of this example are shown in table 2.
Example 5:
this example prepared a concrete block with added second corn stalk ash, the procedure being the same as example 1 except that the calcination temperature was 800 ℃.
The first corn stalk ash of this example was subjected to component detection, and the results are shown in table 1; the performance parameters of the second corn stalk ash of this example and the 28-day compressive strength of the concrete block added with the second corn stalk ash of this example are shown in table 2.
Example 6:
the procedure of this example was followed to prepare a concrete block with added second corn stalk ash, with the difference of 7.5:1 ball to material ratio.
The first corn stalk ash of this example was subjected to component detection, and the results are shown in table 1; the performance parameters of the second corn stalk ash of this example and the 28-day compressive strength of the concrete block added with the second corn stalk ash of this example are shown in table 2.
Example 7:
the procedure of this example was followed to prepare a concrete block with added second corn stalk ash, with the difference of 10:1 ball to material ratio as in example 4.
The first corn stalk ash of this example was subjected to component detection, and the results are shown in table 1; the performance parameters of the second corn stalk ash of this example and the 28-day compressive strength of the concrete block added with the second corn stalk ash of this example are shown in table 2.
Example 8:
the procedure of this example was followed to prepare a concrete block with added second corn stalk ash, with the difference of a ball to material ratio of 12.5:1 as in example 4.
The first corn stalk ash of this example was subjected to component detection, and the results are shown in table 1; the performance parameters of the second corn stalk ash of this example and the 28-day compressive strength of the concrete block added with the second corn stalk ash of this example are shown in table 2.
Example 9:
the procedure of this example was the same as in example 4 except that the ball to material ratio was 15:1 to prepare a concrete block with the addition of the second corn stalk ash.
The first corn stalk ash of this example was subjected to component detection, and the results are shown in table 1; the performance parameters of the second corn stalk ash of this example and the 28-day compressive strength of the concrete block added with the second corn stalk ash of this example are shown in table 2.
TABLE 1
| Calcination temperature | SiO 2 | Al 2 O 3 | Fe 2 O 3 | Cl | CaO | MgO | SO 3 | Na 2 O | K 2 O | P 2 O 5 | Others |
| 600 | 55.01 | 9.59 | 5.98 | 1.72 | 1.69 | 1.27 | 1.02 | 1.01 | 13.51 | 2.11 | 7.09 |
| 650 | 57.73 | 7.90 | 5.25 | 2.81 | 2.07 | 1.29 | 1.20 | 0.743 | 13.24 | 2.79 | 4.977 |
| 700 | 58.37 | 8.68 | 5.22 | 2.33 | 1.88 | 1.36 | 0.965 | 1.01 | 14.5 | 2.49 | 3.195 |
| 750 | 58.56 | 8.80 | 4.99 | 2.46 | 2.05 | 1.53 | 0.926 | 1.03 | 10.45 | 2.07 | 7.134 |
| 800 | 59.60 | 9.30 | 5.39 | 1.95 | 1.92 | 1.40 | 0.945 | 1.14 | 10.29 | 2.72 | 5.345 |
The calcination temperatures are in units of deg.c in table 1; the content of each oxide is mass percent, and the unit is percent.
TABLE 2
As can be seen from the test data of table 2 above, the addition of the corn stalk ash to concrete produced concrete blocks, and it was found that the strength of the concrete blocks also increased with increasing calcination temperature, as shown by the data of examples 1 to 5 in table 2. This isAs the calcination temperature increases, the crystallization rate of oxide crystal phase is improved, the grain size is refined, although the active SiO is reduced 2 、Al 2 O 3 And Fe (Fe) 2 O 3 The content of organic matters such as cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in the corn straw are reduced, so that the strength of the concrete block obtained by adding the corn straw ash is increased along with the increase of the calcination temperature.
As can also be seen from the test data of table 2 above, the second corn stalk ash was added to the concrete to prepare a concrete block, and it was found that the strength of the concrete block also increased with increasing ball to material ratio, as shown in the data of examples 4 and 6 to 9 of table 2. This is because, with the increase of the ball-to-material ratio, the crystallization rate of the oxide crystal phase is reduced, the grain size is refined, and the activity SiO is improved 2 、Al 2 O 3 And Fe (Fe) 2 O 3 And the content of the concrete block is increased, so that the strength of the concrete block obtained by adding the corn stalk ash is increased.
The process conditions and test data according to examples 1 to 9 of the present invention are preferably followed by a citric acid modification study under the process conditions of example 4.
Example 10:
the concrete block added with the third corn stalk ash is prepared by the method, and the concrete block is prepared by the following specific preparation steps:
1) Crushing corn stalks into granules with the grain diameter less than or equal to 3 mm;
2) Calcining the particles in a muffle furnace at 750 ℃ for 90min to obtain first corn stalk ash;
3) Grinding the prepared first corn stalk ash under the condition of a ball-to-material ratio of 18:1 to obtain second corn stalk ash;
4) Soaking the prepared second corn stalk ash in a citric acid solution with the mass concentration of 2% for 12 hours, filtering, and drying the solid to obtain third corn stalk ash;
5) The concrete is prepared according to the following formula: taking 7 parts of cement of 32.5 parts of PO, 3 parts of third corn stalk ash in the embodiment, 30 parts of stones and sand with the particle size less than or equal to 4.75mm, wherein the substitution amount of the third corn stalk ash to the cement is 30%; adding 3 parts of polycarboxylate water reducer and 5 parts of water, and uniformly mixing;
6) And preparing the uniformly mixed concrete mixture into a concrete block.
The performance parameters of the third corn stalk ash of this example and the 28-day compressive strength of the concrete block added with the third corn stalk ash of this example are shown in table 3.
Example 11
The procedure of this example was identical to that of example 10 except that the mass concentration of citric acid solution was 2.5% to prepare a concrete block to which third corn stalk ash was added.
The performance parameters of the third corn stalk ash of this example and the 28-day compressive strength of the concrete block added with the third corn stalk ash of this example are shown in table 3.
Example 12
The procedure of this example was identical to that of example 10 except that the mass concentration of citric acid solution was 3% to prepare a concrete block to which third corn stalk ash was added.
The performance parameters of the third corn stalk ash of this example and the 28-day compressive strength of the concrete block added with the third corn stalk ash of this example are shown in table 3.
Example 13
The procedure of this example was identical to that of example 10 except that the mass concentration of citric acid solution was 3.5% to prepare a concrete block to which third corn stalk ash was added.
The performance parameters of the third corn stalk ash of this example and the 28-day compressive strength of the concrete block added with the third corn stalk ash of this example are shown in table 3.
Example 14
The procedure of this example was identical to that of example 10 except that the mass concentration of citric acid solution was 4% to prepare a concrete block to which third corn stalk ash was added.
The performance parameters of the third corn stalk ash of this example and the 28-day compressive strength of the concrete block added with the third corn stalk ash of this example are shown in table 3.
Example 15
The procedure of this example was repeated for the third corn stalk ash added concrete block as in example 12, except that the citric acid solution was soaked for 9 hours.
The performance parameters of the third corn stalk ash of this example and the 28-day compressive strength of the concrete block added with the third corn stalk ash of this example are shown in table 3.
Example 16
The procedure of this example was repeated for the third corn stalk ash added concrete block as in example 12, except that the citric acid solution was soaked for 10.5 hours.
The performance parameters of the third corn stalk ash of this example and the 28-day compressive strength of the concrete block added with the third corn stalk ash of this example are shown in table 3.
Example 17
The procedure of this example was repeated for the third corn stalk ash added concrete block as in example 12 except that the citric acid solution was soaked for 13.5 hours.
The performance parameters of the third corn stalk ash of this example and the 28-day compressive strength of the concrete block added with the third corn stalk ash of this example are shown in table 3.
Example 18
The procedure of this example was identical to example 12 except that the soaking time of the citric acid solution was 15 hours.
The performance parameters of the third corn stalk ash of this example and the 28-day compressive strength of the concrete block added with the third corn stalk ash of this example are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 Table 3
Comparative example:
the concrete block without adding corn straw ash is prepared according to the comparative example, and the concrete block is prepared by the following specific steps:
1) The concrete is prepared according to the following formula: taking 10 parts of cement of PO 32.5 and 30 parts of stones and sand with the particle size less than or equal to 4.75mm by mass; then adding 3 parts of polycarboxylate water reducer and 5 parts of water, and uniformly mixing.
The 28-day compressive strength of the concrete block prepared in this comparative example was 35.1MPa.
The effect of citric acid solution concentration and soaking time on 28-day compressive strength of concrete blocks when the citric acid solution is used for soaking and modifying the second corn stalk ash is shown in the following table 4:
TABLE 4 Table 4
The intensity increase rate was calculated based on the intensity value of the comparative example.
As can be seen from the test data of table 4 above, the third corn stalk ash was added to the concrete to prepare a concrete block, and it was found that the strength of the concrete block showed a tendency to increase and decrease with increasing concentration of citric acid solution, as shown in the test data of examples 10 to 14 of table 4; adding the third corn stalk ash to concrete to prepare a concrete block, wherein the strength of the concrete block is found to show a tendency of increasing and decreasing after increasing with increasing soaking time of the second corn stalk ash in citric acid solution, as shown in test data of example 12, and examples 15 to 18 of table 4; the corn straw ash is soaked and modified by the citric acid solution, so that the content of impurities such as cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and the like remained in the corn straw ash is continuously reduced, on one hand, the activity of the corn straw ash is improved, and on the other hand, the pore content of the corn straw ash is also increased, and therefore, the strength of the concrete block added with the third corn straw ash is shown to be increased and then reduced. According to the technical scheme, when the substitution rate of the third corn stalk ash to cement is 30%, the improvement rate of the third corn stalk ash to the strength of the concrete block is as high as 11.68%.
The technical features of the claims and/or the description of the present invention may be combined in a manner not limited to the combination of the claims by the relation of reference. The technical scheme obtained by combining the technical features in the claims and/or the specification is also the protection scope of the invention.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, but any simple modification, equivalent variation and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical substance of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the concrete block is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Crushing and calcining corn stalks to obtain first corn stalk ash;
2) Grinding the first corn stalk ash to obtain second corn stalk ash;
3) Soaking the second corn stalk ash in citric acid solution, filtering, and drying the solid to obtain third corn stalk ash;
4) And replacing part of cement with the third corn stalk ash to prepare concrete, thereby preparing the concrete block.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the grain size of the crushed corn stalks is less than or equal to 3mm.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the calcination is performed at 600 to 800 ℃.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the first corn stover ash comprises SiO 2 、Al 2 O 3 And Fe (Fe) 2 O 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The SiO is 2 、Al 2 O 3 And Fe (Fe) 2 O 3 The mass percentage of (2) is 50-75%.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the milling is milling the first corn stover ash using a mill ball; the mass ratio of the grinding balls to the first corn stalk ash is 7.5-18:1.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the grinding balls are a mixture of grinding balls having a particle size of 10mm, a grinding ball having a particle size of 20mm, and a grinding ball having a particle size of 30mm in a mass ratio of 1:1:1.
7. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the crystallization rate of the second corn stalk ash is 50-70% by mass percentage, the grain size is 70-90 nm, and the activity is SiO 2 、Al 2 O 3 And Fe (Fe) 2 O 3 25-30% of the total mass percent.
8. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the mass concentration of the citric acid solution is 2 to 4%; the soaking time is 9-15 h.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the third corn straw ash has a pore volume of 0.13 cm to 0.18cm 3 /g。
10. The concrete block is characterized by comprising third corn stalk ash; the third corn stalk ash is obtained by crushing corn stalks, calcining, grinding, soaking in citric acid solution, filtering and drying; the pore volume of the third corn stalk ash is 0.13-0.18 cm 3 /g。
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