CN116124737A - Lithium battery thermal runaway multicomponent online analysis system and method based on TDLAS - Google Patents
Lithium battery thermal runaway multicomponent online analysis system and method based on TDLAS Download PDFInfo
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- CN116124737A CN116124737A CN202310383836.3A CN202310383836A CN116124737A CN 116124737 A CN116124737 A CN 116124737A CN 202310383836 A CN202310383836 A CN 202310383836A CN 116124737 A CN116124737 A CN 116124737A
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Abstract
The application provides a TDLAS-based lithium battery thermal runaway multicomponent online analysis system and a TDLAS-based lithium battery thermal runaway multicomponent online analysis method. In the system, a combustion experiment cabin is of a cavity structure and is provided with an air inlet and an air extraction opening which are communicated with the cavity, two optical windows are symmetrically arranged on a cabin wall, and glass experiment windows are arranged on the optical windows; a heating device is arranged in the cabin body of the combustion experiment cabin, a lithium battery to be tested is placed in the heating device, and the lithium battery to be tested can be automatically heated; the TDLAS tester is located in the outside of the combustion experiment compartment, including: the laser emission end and the laser receiving end are respectively opposite to two optical windows symmetrically arranged on the bulkhead of the combustion experiment cabin; the air extraction unit is communicated with the air extraction opening and is used for vacuumizing the combustion experiment cabin to a preset pressure; the air inlet unit is communicated with the air inlet and is used for filling inert gas into the combustion experiment cabin to the standard atmospheric pressure after vacuumizing to the preset pressure in the combustion experiment cabin.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of battery safety, in particular to a TDLAS-based lithium battery thermal runaway multicomponent online analysis system and a TDLAS-based lithium battery thermal runaway multicomponent online analysis method.
Background
The lithium battery has the advantages of high energy density, high voltage, low self-discharge rate, environmental friendliness and the like, is widely used in the fields of mobile communication, electronic appliances and the like, but safety accidents of the lithium battery also frequently occur, and safety detection of the performance of the lithium battery becomes a daily work, and the detection of the performance of the battery through a standard system is a way for solving whether the battery is safe and reliable.
In order to improve the use safety performance of the lithium battery, a complex mechanism of thermal runaway of the lithium battery must be understood more deeply, at present, organizations at home and abroad make various corresponding safety tests of the lithium battery, and the safety test items are generally classified into four types of electrical tests, mechanical tests, thermal tests and environmental simulation tests through detection standards.
Although there are many methods for thermal testing of lithium batteries at present, according to the complex characteristics of lithium batteries and the complex mechanism of thermal reaction, a reasonable thermal testing method needs to be found out to ensure the accuracy and safety of the measurement result.
Thus, there is a need to provide a solution to the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
It is an object of the present application to provide a TDLAS based lithium battery thermal runaway multicomponent online analysis system and method to solve or alleviate the problems of the prior art described above.
In order to achieve the above object, the present application provides the following technical solutions:
the application provides a lithium cell thermal runaway multicomponent on-line analysis system based on TDLAS, includes: the device comprises a combustion experiment cabin, a TDLAS tester, an air extraction unit and an air inlet unit; the combustion experiment cabin is of a cavity structure and is provided with an air inlet and an air extraction opening which are communicated with the cavity, two optical windows are symmetrically arranged on the bulkhead, and the optical windows are provided with glass experiment windows; a heating device is arranged in the combustion experiment cabin body, a lithium battery to be tested is placed in the heating device, and the lithium battery to be tested can be automatically heated; the TDLAS tester is located the outside of burning experimental cabin, includes: the laser emission end and the laser receiving end are respectively opposite to two optical windows symmetrically arranged on the bulkhead of the combustion experiment cabin; the air extraction unit is communicated with the air extraction opening and is used for vacuumizing the combustion experiment cabin to a preset pressure; the air inlet unit is communicated with the air inlet and is used for filling inert gas into the combustion experiment chamber to standard atmospheric pressure after the combustion experiment chamber is vacuumized to a preset pressure.
Preferably, a horizontal bottom row frame is arranged in the cavity of the combustion experiment cabin; the heating device includes: heating frame, battery fixed unit and heating unit, the heating frame includes: a horizontal moving platform and a vertical moving platform; the horizontal moving platform is detachably connected to the horizontal bottom frame and can move along a first direction on the horizontal bottom frame; the vertical moving platform is detachably connected to the horizontal moving platform and can move up and down along the vertical direction on the horizontal moving platform; the first direction is the connecting line direction of the two optical windows; the battery fixing unit is located on the vertical moving platform and comprises: the lithium battery to be tested is placed between the fixed steel plate and the clamping steel plate, and the lithium battery to be tested is clamped through the clamping pull rod; the heating unit is located between the lithium battery to be tested and the fixed steel plate, and a plurality of heating rods are arranged on the heating unit.
Preferably, the horizontal moving platform comprises: the experimental bottom plate, the first fixing frame and the first connecting corner fitting; the experiment bottom plate is arranged on the horizontal bottom travelling frame, is matched with the inner wall of the cavity of the combustion experiment cabin, and is provided with a movable through groove along the first direction; the first fixing frame comprises: the two vertical fixing pieces are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the movable through groove, and the lower ends of the two vertical fixing pieces are connected through the vertical connecting pieces; the first connecting corner fitting is located above the movable through groove and comprises a first connecting portion and a second connecting portion, the first connecting portion is detachably connected with the vertical connecting piece, and the second connecting portion is detachably connected with the horizontal bottom frame.
Preferably, the vertical moving unit includes: the second fixing frame, the second connecting corner fitting and the first heat insulation plate; the second fixing frame comprises: the device comprises two horizontal fixing pieces and two horizontal connecting pieces, wherein the end parts of the two horizontal fixing pieces are connected through the horizontal connecting pieces; the two second connecting corner pieces are used for detachably connecting the two horizontal fixing pieces to the vertical fixing piece respectively, and the second connecting corner pieces are connected with the bottom surfaces of the horizontal fixing pieces; the two ends of the first heat insulating plate are respectively located on the top surfaces of the two horizontal fixing pieces, the two end surfaces of the first heat insulating plate are respectively flush with the outer side surfaces of the two horizontal fixing pieces, and the first heat insulating plate is located on the battery fixing unit.
Preferably, the battery fixing unit further includes: the second heat insulation plates are two, one is located between the clamping steel plate and the lithium battery to be tested, and the other is located between the fixed steel plate and the heating plate.
Preferably, the combustion experiment chamber comprises: the combustion chamber is internally provided with a bearing part, and the side wall of the combustion chamber is provided with the optical window, the air inlet and the air extraction opening; the heat preservation component is positioned in the combustion chamber and is positioned on the bearing part, the heating device is arranged in the heat preservation component, and a through hole opposite to the optical window is formed in the side wall of the heat preservation component; and a gap is reserved between the outer side wall of the heat preservation component and the inner side wall of the combustion chamber.
Preferably, the insulation assembly is comprised of 1260 grade alumina fiberboard.
Preferably, the glass experiment window is wedge-shaped, is obliquely arranged on the optical window outwards along the radial direction, and has a first included angle smaller than a second included angle, wherein the first included angle is an included angle between the inner surface of the glass experiment window and a vertical plane; the second included angle is an included angle between the outer surface of the glass experiment window and the vertical plane.
Preferably, the inner surface and the outer surface of the glass experiment window are plated with a broadband antireflection film, and the wavelength range of the broadband antireflection film is 1260 nanometers to 2340 nanometers; and the average reflectivity of the inner surface and the outer surface of the glass experimental window is less than 1 percent.
The embodiment of the application also provides a TDLAS-based lithium battery thermal runaway multicomponent online analysis method, which adopts any one of the TDLAS-based lithium battery thermal runaway multicomponent online analysis systems to perform thermal runaway test on a lithium battery to be tested, wherein the TDLAS-based lithium battery thermal runaway multicomponent online analysis system comprises: the device comprises a combustion experiment cabin, a TDLAS tester, an air extraction unit and an air inlet unit; the analysis method comprises the following steps: opening the air extraction unit, vacuumizing the combustion experiment cabin to 0.04 megapascals, and filling argon into the combustion experiment cabin to the standard atmospheric pressure; opening an operation port of the combustion experiment cabin, and placing the lithium battery to be tested in a heating device in the combustion experiment cabin for heating; the TDLAS tester is opened, a laser emission end of the TDLAS tester is aligned with a glass experiment window on the combustion experiment cabin to emit laser, and the laser emission end of the TDLAS tester receives the laser; stopping heating the lithium battery to be tested when the combustion experiment cabin is subjected to severe exhaust and gas flows rapidly in the cavity of the combustion experiment cabin; after recording the experimental data for 15 minutes, the TDLAS tester is shut down; and after the temperature in the combustion experiment cabin is recovered to be normal, collecting the flue gas in the combustion experiment cabin by using an air bag.
Advantageous effects
In the lithium battery thermal runaway multicomponent on-line analysis system based on TDLAS that this embodiment provided, the combustion experiment cabin is cavity structure, and is provided with air inlet and the extraction opening of intercommunication cavity, when carrying out the thermal runaway test of lithium battery, through the air extraction unit that links to each other with the extraction opening, with the evacuation of combustion experiment in-cabin to predetermineeing pressure, because the air inlet links to each other the air inlet unit that links to each other, fill inert gas to standard atmospheric pressure in the combustion experiment cabin to effectively avoid the material that the lithium battery released in the combustion process and the air in the combustion experiment cabin to take place chemical reaction, make measuring data more accurate.
After the combustion experiment cabin is vacuumized to the preset pressure, the heating device arranged in the combustion experiment cabin is controlled to automatically heat the lithium battery to be tested, so that potential danger caused by manual triggering of thermal runaway in the traditional lithium battery thermal runaway test is avoided, and the thermal runaway triggering of the lithium battery is safer and more stable.
The TDLAS tester is located the burning experiment cabin outside, and its laser emission end and laser receiving end just are respectively just two optical windows of symmetrical arrangement on the burning experiment cabin bulkhead for when heating device treats the lithium cell of testing, laser emission end emission test laser, pass the back in by the cavity in burning experiment cabin, receive by the laser receiving end, detect the gas in the burning experiment cabin in real time through the change of test laser power, and then confirm whether the lithium cell of waiting to test takes place the burning.
After the combustion of the lithium battery to be tested is finished, the flue gas in the combustion experiment cabin is collected, and then the temperature, the gas type and the gas concentration in the experiment cabin can be measured based on the coordinated diode absorption spectrum technology.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and do not constitute an undue limitation to the application. Wherein:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a TDLAS-based lithium battery thermal runaway multicomponent online analysis system provided in accordance with some embodiments of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a combustion chamber provided in accordance with some embodiments of the present application;
FIG. 3 is view A-A of the view shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a partial view at B in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a lower furnace provided in accordance with some embodiments of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a top view of the view shown in FIG. 5;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of a horizontal bottom rack according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the structure of an upper furnace cover provided according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a heating device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 10 is another schematic structural view of a heating device according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a horizontal bottom rack provided according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 12 is a schematic structural view of a thermal insulation assembly according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 13 is an axial cross-sectional view of the insulation assembly of FIG. 12;
fig. 14 is a flow chart of a TDLAS-based lithium battery thermal runaway multicomponent online analysis method according to some embodiments of the present application.
Reference numerals illustrate:
100. a combustion experiment cabin; 200. an air intake unit; 300. an air extraction unit;
101. a lower furnace body; 102. a furnace cover is arranged; 103. a thermal insulation assembly; 104. a heating device; 105. a support part; 106. a horizontal bottom row rack; 107. glass experiment window; 111. an optical window; 121. a plug connection port; 131. an operation port; 113. a bottom plate; 123. a heat-insulating cylinder; 133. a top plate; 114. an experimental bottom plate; 124. a first fixing frame; 134. the second fixing frame; 144. a battery fixing unit; 154. a heating unit; 124A, vertical fixtures; 124B, vertical connectors; 124C, a first connection angle; 134A, horizontal fixtures; 134B, horizontal connectors; 134C, second connection angle; 144A, fixing a steel plate; 144B, clamping the steel plate.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with embodiments. Various examples are provided by way of explanation of the present application and not limitation of the present application. Indeed, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and variations can be made in the present application without departing from the scope or spirit of the application. For example, features illustrated or described as part of one embodiment can be used on another embodiment to yield still a further embodiment. Accordingly, it is intended that the present application include such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.
The lithium battery mainly comprises an anode, a cathode, a diaphragm, an organic electrolyte and a battery shell, wherein the battery shell is divided into a steel shell, an aluminum shell, a nickel-plated iron shell, an aluminum-plastic film and the like, so that the requirements related to the thermal test of the lithium battery are numerous, the thermal test cannot be carried out in an open environment, otherwise, the explosion of the lithium battery in a heated state can cause the splashing of shell fragments, and the laboratory personnel have great potential danger.
The research on the complex mechanism of the lithium battery involves the research on which gases are released from the interior of the battery after the lithium battery is in thermal runaway, and the released gases are different due to the difference of the composition, the result and the chemical state of each battery, so that the state of the gases after the combustion of the lithium battery, such as the concentration of the gases, the types of the gases and the like, can be accurately detected, and the method is one of the purposes of the combustion experiment of the lithium battery.
At present, in the analysis and detection of thermal runaway of a lithium ion battery, main technical means comprise: meteorological chromatograph (GC), thermal conductivity type gas analyzer, electrochemical type gas analyzer, infrared absorber, meteorological Mass Spectrum (MS) analysis, fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrum, vacuum ultraviolet, etc., but when this kind of analysis technique is used for final component analysis of thermal runaway product of lithium ion battery, the measurement period is long, and the gas information change of the thermal runaway transient state cannot be reflected. Moreover, conventional electrochemical gas sensors are temperature sensitive and susceptible to non-target gas interference, and are not suitable for quantitative investigation of various characteristic gases for thermal runaway.
Based on the above, the applicant provides a multi-component online analysis system for thermal runaway of a lithium battery based on TDLAS (Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy), which is compared with the traditional GC, MS, FTIR and other analysis methods, the system adopts a laser detection technology to carry out non-invasive detection, does not need to process a sample, does not damage the sample, can directly detect gas released by thermal runaway of the lithium battery in a very short time (1 second), can detect very small gas concentration change, provides accurate thermal runaway early warning information, and further takes measures to avoid accidents. In the detection process, the detection speed is high, the precision and the sensitivity are high, samples do not need to be processed, the detection method is more convenient and efficient, and compared with the traditional analysis method, the detection method has lower cost and higher expandability.
As shown in fig. 1 to 13, the TDLAS-based lithium battery thermal runaway multicomponent online analysis system includes: combustion chamber 100, TDLAS tester, air extraction unit 300, and air intake unit 200. The combustion experiment cabin 100 is of a cavity structure, an air inlet and an air extraction opening which are communicated with the cavity are formed in the cavity structure, two optical windows 111 are symmetrically formed in the bulkhead, and a transparent glass experiment window 107 is arranged in the optical windows 111; a heating device 104 is arranged in the combustion experiment cabin 100, and a lithium battery to be tested is placed on the heating device 104 and can be automatically heated. Specifically, by arranging an aviation plug on the bulkhead of the combustion experiment cabin 100 and electrically connecting the aviation plug with the heating unit 154 in the heating device 104, when the lithium battery to be tested needs to be heated, the automatic electric heating of the lithium battery to be tested is realized through an external power supply.
Through the air extraction unit 300 that is connected with the extraction opening of combustion experiment room 100, before treating the lithium cell heating, with the evacuation in the combustion experiment room 100 to preset pressure (0.04 megapascal), then, owing to the air inlet unit 200 who links to each other with the air inlet of combustion experiment layer, fill inert gas to standard atmospheric pressure in the combustion experiment room 100 to effectively avoid treating the lithium cell in the combustion process release the material with take place chemical reaction with the air in the combustion experiment room 100, make the data of measurement more accurate.
After the combustion experiment chamber 100 is vacuumized to the preset pressure, the heating device 104 arranged in the combustion experiment chamber 100 is controlled to automatically heat the lithium battery to be tested, so that potential danger caused by manual triggering of thermal runaway in the traditional lithium battery thermal runaway test is avoided, and the triggering of the thermal runaway of the lithium battery is safer and more stable.
Meanwhile, when the lithium battery to be tested is heated, test laser is emitted to the combustion experiment chamber 100 through a TDLAS tester positioned at the outer side of the combustion experiment chamber 100, specifically, a laser emitting end and a laser receiving end of the TDLAS tester are respectively opposite to two optical windows 111 symmetrically arranged on a bulkhead of the combustion experiment chamber 100, the emitted test laser is used for detecting the gas in the combustion experiment chamber 100 through the power change of the emitted test laser after passing through the combustion experiment chamber 100, the output wavelength of a semiconductor laser (laser emitter) is tuned through current and temperature, the absorption spectrum of the gas in the combustion experiment chamber 100 is scanned, the gas concentration in the combustion experiment chamber 100 is obtained through detecting the absorption intensity of the absorption spectrum, the automatic and real-time non-contact detection of the thermal runaway of the lithium battery is realized, and the sensitivity and the accuracy of the thermal runaway early warning are improved.
In this application, the combustion experiment module 100 includes: the combustion chamber and the heat preservation subassembly 103, heat preservation subassembly 103 place in the combustion chamber, and leave the clearance between the lateral wall of heat preservation subassembly 103 and the inside wall of combustion chamber, carry out evacuation and filling argon gas to the combustion chamber through extraction opening, air inlet.
The combustion chamber consists of a lower furnace body 101 and an upper furnace cover 102, wherein the lower furnace body 101 is of a cylindrical structure with an upper end opening and a lower end being sealed, the upper furnace cover 102 is connected with the upper end surface of the lower furnace body 101 through a bolt in a fastening manner, and sealing elements are arranged at the joint surfaces of the upper furnace cover 102 and the lower furnace body 101 so as to further improve the sealing effect between the upper furnace cover 102 and the lower furnace body 101.
The optical windows 111 are symmetrically arranged on the outer side wall of the lower furnace body 101 along a first direction, the symmetrically arranged observation windows and operation windows are arranged along a second direction, and the plug connectors 121 are arranged along a third direction, wherein the first direction, the second direction and the third direction are all radial of the lower furnace body 101, the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction, included angles between the third direction and the first direction and between the third direction and the second direction are acute angles, and the first direction is the connecting line direction of the two optical windows 111. And the optical window 111 is located above the observation window in the axial direction (vertical direction) of the lower furnace body 101, and the observation window is located above the plug connection port 121. Here, the optical window 111, the through window, the operation window, and the plug connection port 121 are all sealed by connection flanges.
At the bottom of the lower furnace body 101, an exhaust port and an intake port are provided in the axial direction, and at the same time, a waste gas port is provided on the side wall of the lower furnace body 101. The exhaust port is connected with the air extraction unit 300 (vacuum unit) through an exhaust pipe, the air inlet is connected with the air inlet unit 200 (argon bottle) through an air inlet pipe, and the exhaust port is connected with the air bag through an exhaust pipe. Wherein, the exhaust pipeline, the air inlet pipeline and the waste gas pipeline are respectively provided with a pressure gauge and a corresponding control electromagnetic valve. In addition, the air inlet is further coated with a heat insulation material so as to reduce heat loss in the experimental process.
The lower furnace body 101 has a plurality of exhaust ports, specifically, two exhaust ports are arranged on the side wall of the lower furnace body 101 along the vertical direction, and an air inlet arranged at the bottom of the lower furnace body 101 is multiplexed into the exhaust ports, namely, a tee joint is arranged at the air inlet and is respectively connected with the air inlet, an air inlet pipeline and an exhaust pipeline and is controlled through corresponding electromagnetic control valves. The two exhaust ports arranged on the side wall of the lower furnace body 101 and the exhaust port arranged on the bottom are connected with the air bag after being converged through a pipeline.
In this application, the heat preservation component 103 is placed in the combustion chamber, specifically, the lower furnace body 101 in the combustion chamber is provided with a supporting portion 105, and the heat preservation component 103 is located on the supporting portion 105. The supporting part 105 is welded into a frame structure by sectional materials and is welded with the inner side wall of the lower furnace body 101, and the heat preservation component 103 is detachably connected to the frame structure of the supporting part 105 through bolts.
Wherein, the insulation assembly 103 includes: the bottom plate 113, the top plate 133 and the heat preservation barrel 123, the heat preservation barrel 123 is the tubular structure with two open ends, and the bottom plate 113 and the top plate 133 are detachably connected to the two ends of the heat preservation barrel 123. The upper surface of the bottom plate 113 is provided with a mounting groove, the mounting groove extends along the first direction, a horizontal bottom row frame 106 is arranged in the mounting groove, and a bolt fastener sequentially penetrates through the horizontal bottom row frame 106 and the mounting groove from top to bottom and is then connected to the frame structure of the bearing part 105 in a threaded manner.
Through holes corresponding to the optical window 111, the operation window, the observation window and the plug connection port 121 are respectively formed in the side wall of the heat preservation cylinder 123; the heating device 104 is installed in the heat-insulating cylinder 123, and specifically, the heating device 104 is detachably connected to the horizontal bottom frame 106. Here, the heat insulation cylinder 123, the bottom plate 113 and the top plate 133 are made of 1260-grade alumina fiber plates, so as to effectively enhance the heat insulation and heat preservation effects of the heat insulation assembly 103.
In this application, the heating device 104 is located in the heat-insulating cylinder 123 and detachably mounted on the horizontal bottom frame 106. Specifically, the heating device 104 includes: a heating frame, a battery fixing unit 144, and a heating unit 154; wherein, the heating frame includes: the horizontal moving platform and the vertical moving platform are detachably connected to the horizontal bottom frame 106 and can move on the horizontal bottom frame 106 along a first direction; the vertical moving platform is detachably connected to the horizontal moving platform and can move up and down along the vertical direction on the horizontal moving platform. The battery fixing unit 144 is seated on the vertical moving platform, and includes: the lithium battery to be tested is placed between the fixed steel plate 144A and the clamping steel plate 144B, and is clamped by the clamping pull rod. Therefore, the horizontal moving platform moves along the first direction, the vertical moving platform moves along the vertical direction, the battery fixing unit 144 is driven to move along the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, and the horizontal position and the vertical position of the lithium battery to be tested are adjusted so as to measure the gas concentration and the temperature at different positions in the combustion experiment cabin in the experimental process based on the fixed detection view angle of the TDLAS.
In a specific example, the horizontal moving platform includes: experimental floor 114, first mount 124, and first connection corner piece 124C; the test floor 114 is located on the horizontal bottom rack 106, and is adapted to the inner wall of the cavity of the combustion test chamber 100, and has a moving through slot along the first direction. Specifically, the experimental bottom plate 114 is in a circular plate shape, the radial dimension is matched with the inner wall of the heat insulation cylinder 123, a moving through groove is formed in the middle of the experimental bottom plate 114 along the radial direction, the moving through groove is matched with the mounting groove, and the moving through groove is located above the mounting groove.
The first fixing frame 124 includes: the vertical fixing members 124A and the vertical connecting members 124B, two vertical fixing members 124A are provided, the two vertical fixing members 124A are symmetrically distributed at two ends of the moving through groove, and the lower ends are connected through the vertical connecting members 124B. Namely, the lower end surfaces of the two vertical fixing pieces 124A are respectively located on the upper surface of the experimental bottom plate 114, and the two ends of the vertical connecting piece 124B are respectively connected with the side walls of the two vertical fixing pieces 124A and straddle the movable through groove along the width direction of the movable through groove; that is, the two vertical fixing members 124A and the vertical connecting member 124B of the first fixing frame 124 constitute a u-shaped structure, the bottom surface of which is seated on the experiment floor 114 and can be adjusted in the first direction on the experiment floor 114.
The first connecting corner piece 124C is located above the moving through slot, and includes a first connecting portion and a second connecting portion, where the first connecting portion is detachably connected to the vertical connecting piece 124B, and the second connecting portion is detachably connected to the horizontal bottom frame 106. Specifically, the first connection portion and the second connection portion of the first connection corner piece 124C form an L-shaped structure, and since the horizontal bottom frame 106 is disposed in the mounting groove, the vertical connection piece 124B is perpendicular to the horizontal bottom frame 106 and is located above the horizontal bottom frame 106, and the connection between the first fixing frame 124 and the horizontal bottom frame 106 can be achieved through the detachable connection between the L-shaped structure of the first connection corner piece 124C and the horizontal bottom frame 106 and the vertical connection piece 124B; and the first fixing frame 124 is fastened to the horizontal bottom bracket 106 after being adjusted to a proper position by the movement of the first fixing frame 124 in the first direction.
In this embodiment, the vertical moving unit includes: the second fixing frame 134, the second connection angle 134C, and the first heat insulation board. Wherein, the second fixing frame 134 includes: the horizontal fixing frames and the horizontal connecting pieces 134B are two, and the end parts of the two horizontal fixing frames are connected through the horizontal connecting pieces 134B. That is, the two horizontal fixing frames and the horizontal connecting piece 134B form a U-shaped structure, and the bottom surface of the U-shaped structure is connected with the side wall of the vertical fixing piece 124A on the first fixing frame 124.
Two second connecting corner pieces 134C are provided, the two second connecting corner pieces detachably connect the two horizontal fixing pieces 134A to the vertical fixing piece 124A respectively, and the second connecting corner pieces 134C are connected with the bottom surfaces of the horizontal fixing pieces 134A. Here, the second connection angle 134C adopts the same L-shaped structure as the first connection angle 124C, and the detachable connection between the horizontal fixing piece 134A and the vertical fixing piece 124A is achieved. After the height position of the second fixing frame 134 is adjusted, the second fixing frame 134 can be fastened to the first fixing frame 124 through the second connecting corner piece 134C.
A first heat insulation plate is disposed on the upper surface of the second fixing frame 134, and the battery fixing unit 144 is seated on the first heat insulation plate, so that heat dissipation of the lithium battery to be tested in the heating process is reduced through the first heat insulation plate. Wherein, both ends of the first heat insulating plate are respectively located on top surfaces of the two horizontal fixing pieces 134A, and both end surfaces of the first heat insulating plate are respectively flush with outer side surfaces of the two horizontal fixing pieces 134A.
In this application, a heating unit 154 is placed between the lithium battery to be tested and the fixed steel plate 144A, and specifically, the heating unit 154 includes: the lithium battery testing device comprises a heating plate and a heating rod, wherein the heating rod is inserted into the heating plate from the upper end face of the heating plate along the vertical direction, and the side face of the heating plate is contacted with the side face of the lithium battery to be tested. Through the effect of clamping pull rod, press from both sides the lithium cell that awaits measuring and hot plate clamp between fixed dry plate and clamp steel plate 144B to effectively prevent to wait to test the lithium cell in-process of heating, the splashing of lithium cell thermal runaway explosion product.
The lithium battery to be tested is placed in the battery fixing unit 144, and downward heat dissipation in the heating process of the lithium battery to be tested is reduced through the first heat insulation plate, and in order to further reduce the heat dissipation in the periphery of the heating process of the lithium battery to be tested, second heat insulation plates are respectively arranged between the lithium battery to be tested and the fixing steel plate 144A and between the lithium battery to be tested and the clamping steel plate 144B. Specifically, the second separator plate has two, and one of the two second heat insulating plates is located between the clamping steel plate 144B and the lithium battery to be tested, and the other is located between the fixing steel plate 144A and the heating plate. Thereby, heat dissipation in the heating process of the lithium battery to be tested is effectively reduced, and the efficiency of the heating device 104 is effectively improved.
In this application, adopt the mode of electrical heating to improve the experimental temperature of waiting to test lithium cell, specifically, install aviation plug at plug connector 121 to be connected with the heating rod electricity, then external power supply controls the power supply, avoids operating personnel's direct triggering heating, makes the more convenient safety of heating operation.
When the lithium battery to be tested starts to be heated, the TDLAS tester is turned on at the same time, the laser emitting end emits two parallel test lasers, and the test lasers are received by the laser receiving end after passing through the glass experiment window 107 arranged on the optical window 111. The non-contact detection is carried out on the combustion and guarantee of the lithium battery to be tested through the change of the emission power and the receiving power of the test laser, the non-contact on-line detection of toxic and harmful gas is realized, the data information of different times and different positions of the lithium battery thermal runaway target gas is obtained, and the change of the gas temperature, the concentration and the like in the early cabin of the lithium battery thermal runaway is detected.
In this application, glass experiment window 107 is wedge, radially outwards inclines to install in optical window 111, and sets up the rubber pad between glass experiment window 107 and installation face, improves sealed effect on the one hand, on the other hand improves the installation stability of glass experiment window 107 at optical window 111. In the installation process of the glass experiment window 107, an included angle (a first included angle) between the inner surface of the glass experiment window 107 and the vertical plane is smaller than an included angle between the outer surface of the glass experiment window 107 and the vertical plane, so that refraction and scattering of test laser when passing through the glass experiment window 107 are effectively reduced, power loss is reduced, and measuring effect and measuring accuracy are improved. Further, the average reflectivity of the inner and outer surfaces of the glass experiment window 107 was less than 1%, reducing the reflection of the test laser light as it passed through the glass experiment window 107 for further power loss.
Specifically, the included angle between the inner surface and the outer surface of the glass experiment window 107 is 3 degrees, the first included angle is 2 degrees, the inner surface and the outer surface of the glass experiment window 107 are both coated with a broadband antireflection film, the wavelength range of the broadband antireflection film is 1260 nm to 2340 nm, so as to improve the temperature control of different gases (CO, CO) generated during thermal runaway of the lithium battery 2 、CH 4 HF, etc.), realizing real-time monitoring of gases of different absorption wavelengths.
As shown in fig. 14, the present application further provides a TDLAS-based multi-component online analysis method for thermal runaway of a lithium battery, and by adopting the TDLAS-based multi-component online analysis system for thermal runaway of a lithium battery, a thermal runaway test is performed on a lithium battery to be tested, including:
step S101, the air extracting unit 300 is opened to vacuumize the combustion experiment chamber 100 to 0.04 megapascal, and then argon is filled into the combustion experiment chamber 100 to the standard atmospheric pressure.
Step S102, opening an operation port 131 of the combustion experiment chamber 100, and placing a lithium battery to be tested in a heating device 104 in the combustion experiment chamber 100 for heating; and the TDLAS tester is opened, the laser emission end of the TDLAS tester is aligned with the glass experiment window 107 on the combustion experiment chamber 100 to emit laser, and the laser emission end of the TDLAS tester receives the laser.
And step S103, in response to the severe exhaust of the combustion experiment chamber 100, stopping heating the lithium battery to be tested when the gas rapidly flows in the cavity of the combustion experiment chamber 100.
Step S104, after recording experimental data for 15 minutes, shutting down the TDLAS tester; after the temperature in the combustion experiment chamber 100 is recovered to be normal, the safety airbag is used for collecting the smoke in the combustion experiment chamber 100.
In the experimental process, when the monitoring instrument shows the rapid increase of the slope of the temperature curve in the combustion experiment chamber 100 (the derivative of the temperature point is not equal), the severe exhaust in the combustion experiment chamber 100 is illustrated, the gas flows rapidly in the combustion experiment chamber 100, the heating is stopped, and the temperature, the gas (CO, CO) in the combustion experiment chamber 100 are detected by the NI data acquisition card within 15 minutes 2 、CH 4 HF, etc.) at a concentration of 100 hzThe frequency was recorded multiple times until the combustion chamber 100 was returned to ambient temperature (25 degrees celsius). Here, the airbag is required to be resistant to strong acid and strong alkali, organic solvent and melting temperature exceeding 200 degrees celsius so as to realize safe collection of smoke generated after combustion of the lithium battery.
In order to further improve the safety, an overpressure protection device (safety valve) is also provided on the upper furnace cover 102, the overload pressure of the safety valve being 1MPa. Safety protection fence is laid around the combustion experiment cabin 100, personnel are forbidden to enter the safety fence in the pressurizing process, the experiment control cabinet is arranged outside the safety fence, and the personnel do not enter the safety fence in the experiment process.
The analysis host computer of the TDLAS tester is connected with the laser transmitter by adopting a coaxial cable, and is connected with the collimation of the laser transmitting end by an optical fiber, and dimming is carried out after primary installation is finished; after the experiment starts, the analysis host computer is electrified and preheated for 1 minute and then is subjected to open measurement, measurement data are displayed through a display interface of the analysis host computer and are connected with the cloud controller through an RS232 interface, data and commands are transmitted, and remote closed-loop control of the experiment process is achieved.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the same, but rather, various modifications and variations may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A TDLAS-based lithium battery thermal runaway multicomponent online analysis system, comprising: the device comprises a combustion experiment cabin, a TDLAS tester, an air extraction unit and an air inlet unit;
the combustion experiment cabin is of a cavity structure and is provided with an air inlet and an air extraction opening which are communicated with the cavity, two optical windows are symmetrically arranged on the bulkhead, and the optical windows are provided with glass experiment windows; a heating device is arranged in the combustion experiment cabin body, a lithium battery to be tested is placed in the heating device, and the lithium battery to be tested can be automatically heated;
the TDLAS tester is located the outside of burning experimental cabin, includes: the laser emission end and the laser receiving end are respectively opposite to two optical windows symmetrically arranged on the bulkhead of the combustion experiment cabin;
the air extraction unit is communicated with the air extraction opening and is used for vacuumizing the combustion experiment cabin to a preset pressure;
the air inlet unit is communicated with the air inlet and is used for filling inert gas into the combustion experiment chamber to standard atmospheric pressure after the combustion experiment chamber is vacuumized to a preset pressure.
2. The TDLAS-based lithium battery thermal runaway multicomponent online analysis system of claim 1, wherein a horizontal bottom rack is disposed in a cavity of the combustion experiment compartment;
the heating device includes: a heating frame, a battery fixing unit and a heating unit,
the heating rack includes: a horizontal moving platform and a vertical moving platform; the horizontal moving platform is detachably connected to the horizontal bottom frame and can move along a first direction on the horizontal bottom frame; the vertical moving platform is detachably connected to the horizontal moving platform and can move up and down along the vertical direction on the horizontal moving platform; the first direction is the connecting line direction of the two optical windows;
the battery fixing unit is located on the vertical moving platform and comprises: the lithium battery to be tested is placed between the fixed steel plate and the clamping steel plate, and the lithium battery to be tested is clamped through the clamping pull rod;
the heating unit is located between the lithium battery to be tested and the fixed steel plate, and a plurality of heating rods are arranged on the heating unit.
3. The TDLAS based lithium battery thermal runaway multicomponent online analysis system of claim 2, wherein the horizontal movement platform comprises: the experimental bottom plate, the first fixing frame and the first connecting corner fitting;
the experiment bottom plate is located on the horizontal bottom travelling frame, is matched with the inner wall of the cavity of the combustion experiment cabin, and is provided with a movable through groove along the first direction;
the first fixing frame comprises: the two vertical fixing pieces are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the movable through groove, and the lower ends of the two vertical fixing pieces are connected through the vertical connecting pieces;
the first connecting corner fitting is located above the movable through groove and comprises a first connecting portion and a second connecting portion, the first connecting portion is detachably connected with the vertical connecting piece, and the second connecting portion is detachably connected with the horizontal bottom frame.
4. The TDLAS based lithium battery thermal runaway multicomponent online analysis system of claim 3, wherein the vertically movable platform comprises: the second fixing frame, the second connecting corner fitting and the first heat insulation plate;
the second fixing frame comprises: the device comprises two horizontal fixing pieces and two horizontal connecting pieces, wherein the end parts of the two horizontal fixing pieces are connected through the horizontal connecting pieces;
the two second connecting corner pieces are used for detachably connecting the two horizontal fixing pieces to the vertical fixing piece respectively, and the second connecting corner pieces are connected with the bottom surfaces of the horizontal fixing pieces;
the two ends of the first heat insulating plate are respectively located on the top surfaces of the two horizontal fixing pieces, the two end surfaces of the first heat insulating plate are respectively flush with the outer side surfaces of the two horizontal fixing pieces, and the first heat insulating plate is located on the battery fixing unit.
5. The TDLAS based lithium battery thermal runaway multicomponent online analysis system of claim 2, wherein the battery fixation unit further comprises: the second heat insulation plates are two, one is located between the clamping steel plate and the lithium battery to be tested, and the other is located between the fixed steel plate and the heating plate.
6. The TDLAS based lithium battery thermal runaway multicomponent online analysis system of claim 1, wherein the combustion experiment pod comprises: the combustion chamber is internally provided with a bearing part, and the side wall of the combustion chamber is provided with the optical window, the air inlet and the air extraction opening;
the heat preservation component is positioned in the combustion chamber and is positioned on the bearing part, the heating device is arranged in the heat preservation component, and a through hole opposite to the optical window is formed in the side wall of the heat preservation component; and a gap is reserved between the outer side wall of the heat preservation component and the inner side wall of the combustion chamber.
7. The TDLAS based lithium battery thermal runaway multicomponent online analysis system of claim 6, wherein the insulation assembly is comprised of 1260 grade alumina fiberboard.
8. The TDLAS-based lithium battery thermal runaway multicomponent online analysis system of claim 1, wherein the glass experimental window is wedge-shaped, is mounted radially outward in the optical window, and has a first included angle that is smaller than a second included angle, wherein the first included angle is an included angle between an inner surface of the glass experimental window and a vertical plane; the second included angle is an included angle between the outer surface of the glass experiment window and the vertical plane.
9. The TDLAS based lithium battery thermal runaway multicomponent online analysis system of claim 1, wherein both the inner and outer surfaces of the glass experimental window are coated with a broadband antireflection film having a wavelength in the range of 1260 nm to 2340 nm; and the average reflectivity of the inner surface and the outer surface of the glass experimental window is less than 1 percent.
10. A TDLAS-based lithium battery thermal runaway multicomponent online analysis method, characterized in that a TDLAS-based lithium battery thermal runaway multicomponent online analysis system according to any one of claims 1-9 is used for performing a thermal runaway test on a lithium battery to be tested, wherein the TDLAS-based lithium battery thermal runaway multicomponent online analysis system comprises: the device comprises a combustion experiment cabin, a TDLAS tester, an air extraction unit and an air inlet unit; the analysis method comprises the following steps:
opening the air extraction unit, vacuumizing the combustion experiment cabin to 0.04 megapascals, and filling argon into the combustion experiment cabin to the standard atmospheric pressure;
opening an operation port of the combustion experiment cabin, and placing the lithium battery to be tested in a heating device in the combustion experiment cabin for heating; the TDLAS tester is opened, a laser emission end of the TDLAS tester is aligned with a glass experiment window on the combustion experiment cabin to emit laser, and the laser emission end of the TDLAS tester receives the laser;
stopping heating the lithium battery to be tested when the combustion experiment cabin is subjected to severe exhaust and gas flows rapidly in the cavity of the combustion experiment cabin;
after recording the experimental data for 15 minutes, the TDLAS tester is shut down; and after the temperature in the combustion experiment cabin is recovered to be normal, collecting the flue gas in the combustion experiment cabin by using an air bag.
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