CN116115707B - 防治奶牛腐蹄病的浓缩型泡沫药浴液及其制备方法 - Google Patents
防治奶牛腐蹄病的浓缩型泡沫药浴液及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于兽用消毒液技术领域,公开了一种防治奶牛腐蹄病的浓缩型泡沫药浴液,所述浓缩型泡沫药浴液由以下质量分数的组分制成:聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐1~8%、邻苯二甲醛1~2%、中药提取物12~20%、清凉剂5~10%、发泡剂5~10%、稳泡剂1~3%、防冻剂10~15%、色素1~3%、pH调节剂0.1~0.3%,余量为纯化水;所述中药提取物由以下重量份的组分制成:芙蓉叶3~5份、蒲公英3~5份、泽兰2~3份、天葵子2~3份、白及1~2份和生地1~2份。本发明浓缩型泡沫药浴液可视化蹄浴效果好,药浴液利用率高,具有实用性强、方便快捷、成本低等优势。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于兽用消毒液技术领域,涉及一种防治奶牛腐蹄病的浓缩型泡沫药浴液及其制备方法。
背景技术
奶牛腐蹄病是一种高度接触性传染病,由坏死梭杆菌和节瘤拟杆菌等致病菌混合感染引起,导致奶牛趾间皮肤及深层软组织化脓坏死。奶牛腐蹄病会造成奶牛过早淘汰,发情延迟或停止,产奶量降低,治疗费用增加等诸多不良后果,从而给奶牛养殖户造成巨大经济损失。
在实际生产中,奶牛养殖者常常没有主动采取预防奶牛肢蹄问题或肢蹄病的综合防范措施,等到问题显现了才采取治疗措施。这时,奶牛已经患病,治疗过程较为复杂,问题较难解决。因此,有必要采取预防措施,才能避免奶牛跛行甚至瘫痪,产奶量骤降,需支付奶牛肢蹄病的治疗费用。
蹄浴可对奶牛蹄部起到清洁和消毒的双重作用,是重要的蹄保健方法,可降低蹄部疾病的发病率。传统蹄浴液最常用的药物是硫酸铜和***。但是,硫酸铜对环境造成重金属污染,***具有致癌性和刺激性。
浓缩型泡沫药浴液是一种新型蹄浴液,具有黏附性和渗透性好、清洁消毒效率高、良好的可观性和操作性、使用方便、成本低等优势。泡沫药浴液与动物蹄部接触后通过润湿、乳化、渗透等作用方式,延长消毒时间,完成深度清洁消毒。并且,泡沫可较长时间覆盖在动物蹄部,操作人员根据泡沫覆盖情况可清楚把控动物蹄浴过程,直观性更强。通过蹄部粘药浴液泡沫情况,区分哪些动物蹄部完成清洁消毒,达到可视化药浴清洁消毒的目的。使用时在蹄浴池加入适量浓缩液,加入100~200倍量水,反刍动物走过蹄浴池,即可发挥防治腐蹄病的作用。
专利CN107837398A公开了一种复合型奶牛蹄浴液及其制备方法,取5份的戊二醛、1份的苯扎氯铵、1份的硫酸铜、1份硫酸锌、1份积雪草提取物、1份硫酸铝、1份脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、0.1份盐酸和0.01份酸性湖蓝与30份的去离子水混合,搅拌2h,静置1h,即得。该浴液的pH值为2.0。但是该复合型奶牛蹄浴液含有对环境产生重金属污染的硫酸铜,且不含发泡剂、稳泡剂、防冻剂等成分,使用不便且不具有可视化消毒的功效。
专利CN108836938B公开了一种环保复合型泡沫蹄浴液及其制备方法,包含以下组分:戊二醛1~20份,季铵盐1~20份,纳米银单质0.1~0.3份,发泡剂1~15份,稳泡剂0.5~5份,多元醇8~10份,色素0.1~0.6份,去离子水10~30份;制备所得泡沫蹄浴液在低温环境下保持稳定不结冰,利于蹄浴液的使用和存储,含有的杀菌成分在病患处滞留更长的时间,缓慢渗入动物蹄趾间,直接作用于病患处,有效杀灭病菌。但处方中戊二醛对眼睛、皮肤和粘膜有较强的刺激作用,且纳米银单质成本较高。
因此,研制出一种清洁消毒效果佳、使用方便、成本低廉的防治奶牛腐蹄病的浓缩型泡沫药浴液,在养殖业生产实践中具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种防治奶牛腐蹄病的浓缩型泡沫药浴液及其制备方法,具有可视化蹄浴效果好,药浴液利用率高,具有实用性强、方便快捷、成本低等优势。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
本发明提供一种防治奶牛腐蹄病的浓缩型泡沫药浴液,所述浓缩型泡沫药浴液由以下质量分数的组分制成:聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐1~8%、邻苯二甲醛1~2%、中药提取物12~20%、清凉剂5~10%、发泡剂5~10%、稳泡剂1~3%、防冻剂10~15%、色素1~3%、pH调节剂0.1~0.3%,余量为纯化水;
所述中药提取物由以下重量份的组分制成:芙蓉叶3~5份、蒲公英3~5份、泽兰2~3份、天葵子2~3份、白及1~2份和生地1~2份。
在一个技术方案中,所述清凉剂为冰片和薄荷脑的混合物。
在一个技术方案中,所述发泡剂为月桂醇聚醚硫酸酯钠、月桂醇硫酸酯钠、椰油醇聚醚硫酸酯钠、或月桂醇聚醚硫酸铵中的一种。
在一个技术方案中,所述稳泡剂为椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱、月桂基丙基甜菜碱、椰油酰胺丙基氧化胺、或椰油酰氨基丙酸钠中的的一种。
在一个技术方案中,所述防冻剂为甘油。
在一个技术方案中,所述色素为亮蓝、栀子蓝或藻蓝中的一种。
本发明还提供上述防治奶牛腐蹄病的浓缩型泡沫药浴液的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1:按上述重量份称取各中药组分原料,加入10倍量的水浸泡中药组分原料,煎煮后将煎液过滤;药渣分别再加10倍重量份水煎煮2次,煎液过滤后,合并滤液;将滤液减压浓缩至浸膏,加入乙醇使含醇量达到60%,搅匀,静置;取上清液,回收乙醇至无醇味,过滤,得中药提取物;
步骤2:称取上述质量百分数的各组分,向中药提取物中加入占纯化水总质量30~40%的纯化水,然后依次加入聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐、邻苯二甲醛、发泡剂、稳泡剂、清凉剂以及防冻剂,搅拌均匀;
步骤3:加入剩余的纯化水、色素、pH调节剂,调节pH值为3.5~6.5,搅拌均匀,即得防治奶牛腐蹄病的浓缩型泡沫药浴液。
本发明药浴液成分中:
(1)聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐是一种新型多用途杀菌高分子聚合物,在水溶液中会产生电离,其亲水基部分含有强烈的正电性,吸附通常呈负电性的各类细菌、病毒,进入细胞膜,抑制膜内脂质体合成,造成菌体凋亡,达到佳杀菌效果。聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐具有长效广谱杀灭和抑制各种微生物、不易产生抗药性细菌、低毒无害、无皮肤和粘膜刺激、表面处理无腐蚀等特点。
(2)邻苯二甲醛又被称为新型高效消毒剂OPA,可全面替代戊二醛,其有如下5特点:
1)更快速:即开即用,无需激活、混合或稀释;5min实现高水平消毒;比戊二醛节省50%~75%时间;缩短了消毒循环周期,提高周转率。
2)更安全:无需特殊的通风装置;无OSHA允许暴极限;无吸入毒性,黏膜毒性;近十年广泛使用至今未见急性毒性、致畸变、致突变报道。
3)更高效:广泛杀菌效力;5分钟即可杀灭2%戊二醛耐受的分枝杆菌,尤其是龟型分支杆菌菌株。
4)更温和:不含任何表面活性剂;接近中性PH值;广泛的材料相容性。
5)更持久:在高负荷使用,平均可持续使用的消毒循环>戊二醛(戊二醛约40个循环)。
(3)冰片:
功能主治:通诸窍,散郁火,去翳明目,消肿止痛。治中风口噤,热病神昏,惊痫痰迷,气闭耳聋,喉痹,口疮,中耳炎,痈肿,痔疮,目亦翳膜,蛲虫病。归经:入心、肺经。性味:辛苦,凉。
1)《唐本草》:"主心腹邪气,风湿积聚,耳聋。明目,去目赤肤翳。"
2)李杲:"治骨痛。"
3)《会约医镜》:"治肢节疼痛。"
(4)薄荷脑:
功能主治:疏风;清热。主风热感冒;头痛;目赤;咽喉肿痛;齿痛;皮肤瘙痒。性味:味辛;性凉。
薄荷脑能选择性地刺激人体皮肤或黏膜的冷觉感受器,产生冷觉反射和冷感,引起皮肤黏膜血管收缩(实际上皮肤保持正常);另外对深部组织的血管也可引起收缩,而产生治疗作用。外用可以消炎,止痛,止痒,促进血液循环,减轻浮肿等;内服以复方制剂中可缓解局部炎症(咽喉炎)及治疗感冒,并有健胃,驱风作用。
(5)甘油:
甘油水溶液是最早、最传统的防冻液。与其他防冻剂(如丙二醇)相比,甘油具有毒性很低的优势。甘油除了可作为防冻剂,也可以作为保湿剂,它可以牢牢的锁住水分,在肌肤的表面形成一层水膜,起到补水保湿作用的同时又能在肌肤表层构造一层保护膜。尤其是在冬季的时候,使用甘油,能够迅速滋养干燥粗糙的肌肤,使肌肤得到舒缓,水润保湿。
本发明中药提取物来自组分:
(1)芙蓉叶:
功能主治:清肺凉血;解毒消肿。主肺热咳嗽;目赤肿痛;痈疽肿毒;恶疮;缠身蛇丹;脓疱疮;肾盂肾炎;水火烫伤;毒蛇咬伤;跌打损伤。性味:辛;苦;凉。归经:肺;肝经。
1)李时珍:木芙蓉花并叶,气平而不寒不热,味微辛而性滑涎粘,其治痈肿之功,殊有神效。近时疡医秘其名为清凉膏、清露散、铁箍散,皆此物也。其方治一切痈疽发背,乳痈恶疮,不拘已成未成,已穿未穿,并用芙蓉叶,或根皮,或花,或生研,或干研末,以蜜调涂于肿处四围,中间留头,干则频换。初起者,即觉清凉,痛止肿消。已成者,即脓聚毒出。已穿者,即脓出易敛。或加生赤小豆末,尤妙。(《纲目》)
2)黄元御:木芙蓉,清利消散,善败肿毒,一切疮疡,大有捷效,涂饮俱善。(《玉楸药解》)
(2)蒲公英:
功能主治:清热解毒,利尿散结。治急性乳腺炎,淋巴腺炎,瘰疬,疔毒疮肿,急性结膜炎,感冒发热,急性扁桃体炎,急性支气管炎,胃炎,肝炎,胆囊炎,***。性味:苦,甘,寒。归经:入肝、胃经。
1)《本草图经》:敷疮,又治恶刺及狐尿刺。
2)《本草衍义补遗》:化热毒,消恶肿结核,解食毒,散滞气。
3)《滇南本草》:敷诸疮肿毒,疥癞癣疮;祛风,消诸疮毒,散瘰疬结核;止小便血,治五淋癃闭,利膀胱。
4)《医林纂要》:补脾和胃,泻火,通乳汁,治噎膈。
5)《纲目拾遗》:疗一切毒虫蛇伤。
6)广州部队《常用中草药手册》:清热解毒,凉血利尿,催乳。治疔疮,皮肤溃疡,眼疾肿痛,消化不良,便秘,蛇虫咬伤,***。
7)治疳疮疔毒:蒲公英捣烂覆之,别更捣汁,和酒煎服,取汗。(《纲目》)
8)治多年恶疮及蛇螫肿毒:蒲公英捣烂,贴。(《救急方》)
(3)泽兰:
功能主治:活血化瘀;行水消肿;解毒消痈。主妇女经闭;痛经;产后瘀滞腹痛;症瘕浮肿;跌打损伤;痈肿疮毒。归经:归肝;脾经。性味:味苦;辛;性微温。
1)《本草经疏》:泽兰,苦能泄热,甘能和血,酸能入肝,温通营血。佐以益脾土之药,而用防己为之使,则主大腹水肿,身面四肢浮肿,骨节中水气。《日华子》《药性论》总其泄热和血,行而带补之能也。
2)《本草通玄》:泽兰,芳香悦脾,可以快气,疏利悦肝,可以行血,流行营卫,畅达肤窍,遂为女科上剂。
3)《本草求真》:泽兰,虽书载有和血舒脾、长养肌肉之妙,然究皆属入脾行水,入肝治血之味,是以九窍能通,关节能利,宿食能破,月经能调,症瘕能消,水肿能散,产后血淋腰痛能止,吐血、衄血、目痛、风瘫、痈毒、扑损能治。观此,则书所云舒脾和血,不过因其水消血除之意,岂真舒脾和血之味也乎。入补气补血之味同投,则消中有补,不致损真,诚佳品也。
4)《本经》:主乳妇内衄,中风余疾,大腹水肿,身面四肢浮肿,骨节中水,金疮,痈肿疮脓。
5)《雷公炮炙论》:能破血,通久积。
6)《日华子本草》:通九窍,利关脉,养血气,破宿血,消症瘕,产前产后百病,通小肠,长肉生肌,消扑损瘀血,治鼻洪吐血,头风目痛,妇人劳瘦,丈夫面黄。
7)《医林纂要》:补肝泻脾,和气血,利筋脉。主治妇人血分,调经去瘀。
8)《岭南采药录》:治蛇伤,散毒疮。
(4)天葵子:
功能主治:清热,解毒,消肿,散结,利尿。治痈肿,瘰疬,疔疮,淋浊,带下,肺虚咳嗽,疝气,癫痫,小儿惊风,痔疮,跌打损伤。毒蛇咬伤。归经:归肝、胃经。性味:甘苦,寒。
1)《滇南本草》:散诸疮肿,攻痈疽,排脓定痛,治瘰疬,消散结核,治妇人奶结,乳汁不通,红肿疼痛,乳痈,乳岩坚硬如石,服之或散或溃。
2)《百草镜》:清热,治痈疽肿毒,疔疮,跌扑,疯犬伤,疝气,痔疮,劳伤。
3)《本草求原》:主内伤痰火,消瘰疬恶疮,浸酒佳。
4)《贵阳民间药草》:清热解毒。治癫痫、蛇咬伤。
5)《贵州草药》:定惊,镇痛,平喘,解毒。
6)《陕西中草药》:“治蛇、虫咬伤,跌打损伤,***,皮肤干燥。”
(5)白及:
功能主治:收敛止血,消肿生肌。用于咳血吐血,外伤出血,疮疡肿毒,皮肤皲裂;肺结核咳血,溃疡病出血。归经:归肺、肝、胃经。性味:苦、甘、涩,微寒。
1)《纲目》:白及,性涩而收,故能入肺止血,生肌治疮也。
2)《本草经疏》:白及,苦能泄热,辛能散结,痈疽皆由荣气不从,逆于肉里所生;败疽伤阴死肌,皆热壅血瘀所致,故悉主之也。胃中邪气者,即邪热也;贼风痱缓不收,皆血分有热,湿热伤阴之所生也,入血分以泄热,散结逐腐,则诸证靡不瘳矣。
3)《本草汇言》:白及,敛气,渗痰,止血,消痈之药也。此药质极粘腻,性极收涩,味苦气寒,善入肺经。凡肺叶破损,因热壅血瘀而成疾者,以此研末日服,能坚敛肺藏,封填破损,痈肿可消,溃败可托,死肌可去,脓血可洁,有托旧生新之妙用也。如肺气郁逆,有痰有火有血,迷聚于肺窍气管之中,此属统体一身气道之故,理直清肺之原,降气之逆,痰血清而火自退矣,若徒用此药,粘腻封塞,无益也。
4)《本草经百种录》:白及,气味冲淡和平,而体质滑润,又极粘腻,入于筋骨之中,能和柔滋养,与正气相调,则微邪自退也。
5)《本草求真》:白及,方书既载功能入肺止血,又载能治跌扑折骨,汤火灼伤,恶疮痈肿,败疽死肌,得非似收不收,似涩不涩,似止不止乎?不知书言功能止血者,是因性涩之谓也;书言能治痈疽损伤者,是因味辛能散之谓也。此药涩中有散,补中有破,故书又载去腐、逐瘀、生新。
6)《本草正义》:白及,《本经》主痈肿恶疮败疽,伤阴死肌,《别录》除白癣疥虫,皆以痈疡外敷及掺药言之。味苦辛而气寒,故能消散血热之痈肿;性粘而多脂,则能疗败疽之死肌;苦辛之品,又能杀虫,则除白癣、疥虫,外疡消肿生肌之要药也。主胃中邪气者,则苦寒之品,能除胃热耳。惟贼风痱缓不收,其义未详,不敢强解。白及治肺痈,世每疑其腻滞而不敢用,然苦寒本清肺胃,又能补伤,苟非火焰极盛之时,而臭痰腥秽之气,已惭退舍,即可用以兼补兼清,不致助痰留患,与二冬、玉竹等比也。
7)《药性论》:治结热不消,主阴下痿,治面上疹疱,令人肌滑。
8)《唐本草》:手足皲拆,嚼以涂之。
9)《日华子本草》:止惊邪、血邪,痫疾,赤眼,症结,发背,瘰疬,肠风,痔瘘,刀箭疮扑损,温热疟疾,血痢,汤火疮,生肌止痛,风痹。
10)《本草图经》:治金疮不瘥,痈疽方中多用之。
(6)生地:
功能主治:清热凉血,养阴,生津。用于热病舌绛烦渴,阴虚内热,骨蒸劳热,内热消渴,吐血,衄血,发斑发疹。归经:归心,肝,肾经。性味:甘,寒。
1)治跌骨碎破:用生地黄捣烂,熨热过之,日夜数易。若血聚,以针决之。(《卫生易简方》)
2)治伤肢折臂,断筋损骨,但有皮相连者:用生地黄研汁,好酒和服,一月筋皮连续;并杵碎,炒热封损处。(《卫生易简方》)
3)通经脉,补虚弱,强脚膝,润肌肤:生地黄一斤取汁,牛膝制了末二两。上件药,搅匀,银石器中熬,可丸即丸,如梧桐子大。每服三十丸,食前酒下。(《普济方》)
与现有技术相比,本发明的优点如下:
1、本发明浓缩型泡沫药浴液由消毒剂、复方中药护蹄剂、清凉剂、发泡剂、稳泡剂、防冻剂、色素、pH调节剂和纯化水组成,可视化蹄浴效果好,药浴液利用率高,具有实用性强、方便快捷、成本低等优势。
2、本发明处方中的消毒剂包括聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐和邻苯二甲醛,杀菌消毒能力强,且对人畜安全无刺激,达到防治反刍动物腐蹄病的目的。
3、本发明处方中的中药提取物源自芙蓉叶、蒲公英、泽兰、天葵子、白及、生地。诸药见本草各典,安全有效。芙蓉叶、蒲公英清热解毒;泽兰、天葵子;白及、生地止血生肌;诸药合用,可清热解毒、消肿排脓、止血生肌,达到标本兼治的目的,从而防治反刍动物腐蹄病,进行蹄部保健,增加养殖户收益。
4、本发明处方中的清凉剂包括冰片和薄荷脑,不仅可给反刍动物带来蹄部清凉舒适感,还具有芳香防腐去浊秽的效果。
5、本发明处方中的发泡剂、稳泡剂可使药浴液泡沫细腻丰富,粘附力强,双重渗透,增加了药浴液与反刍动物蹄部及病原微生物的接触时间,从而实现更高效、更彻底的清洁消毒效果;色素使泡沫更加直观,药浴过程更易把控;防冻剂使药浴液在北方寒冷冬季不易冷冻,更方便使用。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1、实施例4、实施例7~8和对比例4的泡沫药浴液的发泡力测试图。
具体实施方式
以下实施例用于说明本发明,但不用来限定本发明的保护范围。若未特别指明,实施例中所用技术手段为本领域技术人员所熟知的常规手段。下述实施例中的试验方法,如无特别说明,均为常规方法。
实施例1
以配制1kg泡沫药浴液为例,按照以下质量百分数称取本实施例泡沫药浴液的各组分:
上述浓缩型泡沫药浴液的制备步骤如下:
步骤1:按下列重量份称取各中药组分原料:芙蓉叶150g、蒲公英250g、泽兰110g、天葵子100g、白及50g和生地100g,加入10倍量的水浸泡中药组分原料,煎煮后将煎液过滤;药渣分别再加10倍重量份水煎煮2次,煎液过滤后,合并滤液;将滤液减压浓缩至浸膏,加入乙醇使含醇量达到60%,搅匀,静置;取上清液,回收乙醇至无醇味,过滤,得中药提取物;
步骤2:向中药提取物中加入占纯化水总质量35%的纯化水,然后依次加入上述质量百分数的聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐、邻苯二甲醛、发泡剂、稳泡剂、清凉剂以及防冻剂,搅拌均匀;步骤3:加入上述质量百分数的剩余的纯化水、色素、pH调节剂,调节pH值为4.5,搅拌均匀,即得防治奶牛腐蹄病的浓缩型泡沫药浴液。
实施例2
以配制1kg泡沫药浴液为例,按照以下质量百分数称取本实施例泡沫药浴液的各组分:
上述浓缩型泡沫药浴液的制备步骤同实施例1。
实施例3
以配制1kg泡沫药浴液为例,按照以下质量百分数称取本实施例泡沫药浴液的各组分:
上述浓缩型泡沫药浴液的制备步骤同实施例1。
实施例4
以配制1kg泡沫药浴液为例,按照以下质量百分数称取本实施例泡沫药浴液的各组分:
上述浓缩型泡沫药浴液的制备步骤如下:
步骤1:按下列重量份称取各中药组分原料:芙蓉叶150g、蒲公英250g、泽兰125g、天葵子125g、白及60g和生地90g,加入10倍量的水浸泡中药组分原料,煎煮后将煎液过滤;药渣分别再加10倍重量份水煎煮2次,煎液过滤后,合并滤液;将滤液减压浓缩至浸膏,加入乙醇使含醇量达到60%,搅匀,静置;取上清液,回收乙醇至无醇味,过滤,得中药提取物;
步骤2:称取上述质量百分数的泡沫药浴液各组分,向中药提取物中加入占纯化水总质量30~40%的纯化水,然后依次加入聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐、邻苯二甲醛、发泡剂、稳泡剂、清凉剂以及防冻剂,搅拌均匀;
步骤3:加入剩余的纯化水、色素、pH调节剂,调节pH值为4,搅拌均匀,即得防治奶牛腐蹄病的浓缩型泡沫药浴液。
实施例5
本实施例与实施例4中泡沫药浴液的组成及用量相同,不同之处在于制备中药提取物的各组分用量不同,上述浓缩型泡沫药浴液的制备步骤如下:
步骤1:按下列重量份称取各中药组分原料:芙蓉叶180g、蒲公英210g、泽兰100g、天葵子130g、白及85g和生地95g,加入10倍量的水浸泡中药组分原料,煎煮后将煎液过滤;药渣分别再加10倍重量份水煎煮2次,煎液过滤后,合并滤液;将滤液减压浓缩至浸膏,加入乙醇使含醇量达到60%,搅匀,静置;取上清液,回收乙醇至无醇味,过滤,得中药提取物;
步骤2:称取上述质量百分数的泡沫药浴液各组分,向中药提取物中加入占纯化水总质量30~40%的纯化水,然后依次加入聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐、邻苯二甲醛、发泡剂、稳泡剂、清凉剂以及防冻剂,搅拌均匀;
步骤3:加入剩余的纯化水、色素、pH调节剂,调节pH值为4,搅拌均匀,即得防治奶牛腐蹄病的浓缩型泡沫药浴液。
实施例6
本实施例与实施例4中泡沫药浴液的组成及用量相同,不同之处在于中药提取物中各组分用量不同,上述浓缩型泡沫药浴液的制备步骤如下:
步骤1:按下列重量份称取各中药组分原料:芙蓉叶225g、蒲公英200g、泽兰125g、天葵子100g、白及75g和生地75g,加入10倍量的水浸泡中药组分原料,煎煮后将煎液过滤;药渣分别再加10倍重量份水煎煮2次,煎液过滤后,合并滤液;将滤液减压浓缩至浸膏,加入乙醇使含醇量达到60%,搅匀,静置;取上清液,回收乙醇至无醇味,过滤,得中药提取物;
步骤2:称取上述质量百分数的泡沫药浴液各组分,向中药提取物中加入占纯化水总质量30~40%的纯化水,然后依次加入聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐、邻苯二甲醛、发泡剂、稳泡剂、清凉剂以及防冻剂,搅拌均匀;
步骤3:加入剩余的纯化水、色素、pH调节剂,调节pH值为4,搅拌均匀,即得防治奶牛腐蹄病的浓缩型泡沫药浴液。
实施例7
以配制1kg泡沫药浴液为例,本实施例泡沫药浴液由以下质量百分数的组分组成:
上述浓缩型泡沫药浴液的制备步骤同实施例1。
实施例8
以配制1kg泡沫药浴液为例,本实施例泡沫药浴液由以下质量百分数的组分组成:
上述浓缩型泡沫药浴液的制备步骤同实施例1。
对比例1
与实施例8相比,聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐的质量百分数由8%降为0.1%,其他与实施例8相同。
对比例2
与实施例8相比,制备中药提取物的组分中缺少芙蓉叶,其他与实施例8相同。
对比例3
与实施例8相比,制备中药提取物的组分中缺少天葵子,其他与实施例8相同。
对比例4
与实施例8相比,发泡剂月桂醇聚醚硫酸酯钠的质量百分数由10%降为1%,其他与实施例8相同。
实验例1小鼠急性经口毒性试验
检验依据:《消毒技术规范》(2002年版)2.3.1。
样品处理及剂量配制:实施例1、实施例4、实施例7~8泡沫药浴液产品100倍稀释应用液。
试验动物:昆明种小鼠,清洁级,体重18g~22g,80只,雌雄各半。由西安交通大学医学部实验动物中心提供,实验动物合格证号:937。
给予方式:禁食过夜(自由饮水),次日早按剂量经口一次性给予受试物,灌胃量20mL/kg。
实验步骤:80只小鼠(雌雄各半),一次灌胃剂量5000mg/kg体重,观察14天,记录死亡、中毒情况。
结果:80只小鼠(雌雄各半)在14天观察期内未出现明显中毒症状,无死亡,大体解剖未见明显异常。结果见表1。
表1泡沫药浴液急性经口毒性试验结果
结果:本发明泡沫药浴液100倍稀释应用液小鼠急性经口LD50>5000mg/kg体重。根据急性经口毒性分级标准,本发明制备的产品的应用液对小鼠急性经口毒性属于实际无毒级。
实验例2:一次完整皮肤刺激实验
检验依据:《消毒技术规范》(2002年版)2.3.3。
样品处理及剂量配制:实施例1、实施例4、实施例7~8泡沫药浴液产品。
试验动物:新西兰免,普通级,雄兔12只,体重2.0kg~3.0kg,由陕西君行生物科技有限公同提供,合格证号:61003200000478。
试验操作步骤:试验前2h用宠物修剪器去除动物背部脊柱两侧的毛,去毛范围,左右各约3cm×3cm,并检查皮肤是否完好,次日将受试物0.5mL直接涂于家兔一侧去毛皮肤上,涂抹面积2.5cm×2.5cm,然后用4层纱布和一层硫酸纸覆盖其上,再用无刺激胶布加以固定:另一侧作为空白对照,4小时后用温水去除残留受试物。分别于去除受试物后的1h、24h、48h观察皮肤刺激反应并评分。结果见表2。
表2实施例1、实施例4、实施例7~8产品对家兔一次光整皮肤刺激反应
结论:实施例1、实施例4、实施例7~8产品对家兔一次光整皮肤刺激反应平均积分为“0”,按照皮肤刺激强度分级标准评定,实施例1、实施例4、实施例7~8产品对家兔皮肤刺激反应级别为无刺激性。
实验例3:应用本发明浓缩型泡沫药浴液预防奶牛腐蹄病
在某奶牛场选取650头年龄、体重均一,蹄部健康的奶牛,随机分为13组,每组50头,对照组蹄浴池中仅加入水,其他各组向蹄浴池中添加本发明浓缩型泡沫药浴液和150倍水,每周进行4次蹄浴,使用12周,统计各组奶牛腐蹄病患病率。
表3不同中兽药颗粒治疗猪瘟病的统计结果
组别 | 奶牛(头) | 腐蹄病患病奶牛(头) | 腐蹄病患病率 |
实施例1 | 50 | 1 | 2% |
实施例2 | 50 | 2 | 4% |
实施例3 | 50 | 1 | 2% |
实施例4 | 50 | 1 | 2% |
实施例5 | 50 | 2 | 4% |
实施例6 | 50 | 1 | 2% |
实施例7 | 50 | 1 | 2% |
实施例8 | 50 | 2 | 4% |
对比例1 | 50 | 9 | 18% |
对比例2 | 50 | 8 | 16% |
对比例3 | 50 | 6 | 12% |
对比例4 | 50 | 5 | 10% |
对照组 | 50 | 11 | 22% |
结果表明,在保护范围内,调动各有效成分的比例,对反刍动物腐蹄病的防治效果差异不大。但是,如果随意减少消毒剂比例或中药提取物比例或某辅料比例,将会导致对反刍动物腐蹄病的防治效果变差。本发明由消毒剂、中药提取物、清凉剂、发泡剂、稳泡剂、防冻剂、色素、pH调节剂和纯化水组成的浓缩型泡沫药浴液对反刍动物腐蹄病具有明显防治效果,可有效降低腐蹄病发病率。
实验例4:发泡力及稳泡性能测试
泡沫形成后黏附表面,通过润湿、渗透、乳化、混悬、反絮凝、分散与增溶等较复杂的物理作用、化学作用、降低物体之间的黏合力和固液之间的表面张力,使物体表面有机物生物膜分解;同时再通过消毒成分对表面、缝隙内的细菌、病毒进行杀灭和消毒。防治反刍动物腐蹄病的浓缩型泡沫药浴液的发泡力对消毒效果有关键作用。
将实施例1、实施例4、实施例7~8与对比例4的防治反刍动物腐蹄病的浓缩型泡沫药浴液产品稀释200倍达到使用浓度,依据《GB/T 13173-2021表面活性剂洗涤剂试验方法》进行发泡力测试,其结果见图1。
从图1可以看出,实施例1、实施例4、实施例7~8的发泡力及稳泡性能相差不大;对比例4的发泡力及稳泡性能明显下降。因此,本发明中发泡剂对发泡力及稳泡性能有重要影响。
以上所述之实施例,只是本发明的较佳实施例而已,仅仅用以解释本发明,并非限制本发明实施范围,对于本技术领域的技术人员来说,当然可根据本说明书中所公开的技术内容,通过置换或改变的方式轻易做出其它的实施方式,故凡在本发明的原理上所作的变化和改进等,均应包括于本发明申请专利范围内。
Claims (7)
1.一种防治奶牛腐蹄病的浓缩型泡沫药浴液,其特征在于,所述浓缩型泡沫药浴液由以下质量分数的组分制成:聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐1~8%、邻苯二甲醛1~2%、中药提取物12~20%、清凉剂5~10%、发泡剂5~10%、稳泡剂1~3%、防冻剂10~15%、色素1~3%、pH调节剂0.1~0.3%,余量为纯化水;
所述中药提取物由以下重量份的组分制成:芙蓉叶3~5份、蒲公英3~5份、泽兰2~3份、天葵子2~3份、白及1~2份和生地1~2份;
中药提取物的制备方法包括以下步骤:按上述重量份称取各中药组分原料,加入10倍量的水浸泡中药组分原料,煎煮后将煎液过滤;药渣分别再加10倍重量份水煎煮2次,煎液过滤后,合并滤液;将滤液减压浓缩至浸膏,加入乙醇使含醇量达到60%,搅匀,静置;取上清液,回收乙醇至无醇味,过滤,得中药提取物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种防治奶牛腐蹄病的浓缩型泡沫药浴液,其特征在于,所述清凉剂为冰片和薄荷脑的混合物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种防治奶牛腐蹄病的浓缩型泡沫药浴液,其特征在于,所述发泡剂为月桂醇聚醚硫酸酯钠、月桂醇硫酸酯钠、椰油醇聚醚硫酸酯钠、或月桂醇聚醚硫酸铵中的一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种防治奶牛腐蹄病的浓缩型泡沫药浴液,其特征在于,所述稳泡剂为椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱、月桂基丙基甜菜碱、椰油酰胺丙基氧化胺、或椰油酰氨基丙酸钠中的一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种防治奶牛腐蹄病的浓缩型泡沫药浴液,其特征在于,所述防冻剂为甘油。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种防治奶牛腐蹄病的浓缩型泡沫药浴液,其特征在于,所述色素为亮蓝、栀子蓝或藻蓝中的一种。
7.权利要求1~6任一项所述的防治奶牛腐蹄病的浓缩型泡沫药浴液的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤1:按权利要求1所述重量份称取各中药组分原料,加入10倍量的水浸泡中药组分原料,煎煮后将煎液过滤;药渣分别再加10倍重量份水煎煮2次,煎液过滤后,合并滤液;将滤液减压浓缩至浸膏,加入乙醇使含醇量达到60%,搅匀,静置;取上清液,回收乙醇至无醇味,过滤,得中药提取物;
步骤2:称取权利要求1所述质量百分数的各组分,向中药提取物中加入占纯化水总质量30~40%的纯化水,然后依次加入聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐、邻苯二甲醛、发泡剂、稳泡剂、清凉剂以及防冻剂,搅拌均匀;
步骤3:加入剩余的纯化水、色素、pH调节剂,调节pH值为3.5~6.5,搅拌均匀,即得防治奶牛腐蹄病的浓缩型泡沫药浴液。
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