CN116083737A - Method and system for producing nickel matte by nickel-containing solid waste - Google Patents
Method and system for producing nickel matte by nickel-containing solid waste Download PDFInfo
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- CN116083737A CN116083737A CN202310040284.6A CN202310040284A CN116083737A CN 116083737 A CN116083737 A CN 116083737A CN 202310040284 A CN202310040284 A CN 202310040284A CN 116083737 A CN116083737 A CN 116083737A
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 268
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 135
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 15
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 37
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000009270 solid waste treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 101000993059 Homo sapiens Hereditary hemochromatosis protein Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910003271 Ni-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- OSMSIOKMMFKNIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;silicon Chemical compound [Ca]=[Si] OSMSIOKMMFKNIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001030 Iron–nickel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013064 chemical raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002816 nickel compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- WWNBZGLDODTKEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidenenickel Chemical compound [Ni]=S WWNBZGLDODTKEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005486 sulfidation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
- C22B23/02—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by dry processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
- C22B23/02—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by dry processes
- C22B23/026—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by dry processes from spent catalysts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B4/00—Electrothermal treatment of ores or metallurgical products for obtaining metals or alloys
- C22B4/04—Heavy metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B4/00—Electrothermal treatment of ores or metallurgical products for obtaining metals or alloys
- C22B4/08—Apparatus
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/001—Dry processes
- C22B7/002—Dry processes by treating with halogens, sulfur or compounds thereof; by carburising, by treating with hydrogen (hydriding)
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of nickel-containing solid waste treatment, and discloses a method and a system for producing nickel matte from nickel-containing solid waste. The method comprises the following steps: mixing and drying the nickel-containing solid waste and the vulcanizing agent; mixing the dried material with a reducing agent and a flux, and feeding the mixture into an oxygen-enriched side-blown molten pool smelting furnace for vulcanization reaction to obtain a mixed melt; the side part of the oxygen-enriched side-blown molten pool smelting furnace is provided with a spray gun, and energy and oxygen-enriched air/pure oxygen are blown into the furnace through the spray gun to stir the mixed melt; the mixed melt directly flows into an electrothermal settling furnace from a discharge port of an oxygen-enriched side-blown bath smelting furnace through a chute to perform settling separation of nickel matte and slag, and the nickel matte and slag are discharged. The invention combines the oxygen-enriched side-blown molten pool smelting furnace with the electric heating sedimentation furnace, the oxygen-enriched side-blown molten pool smelting furnace only carries out smelting without separation, the spray gun is vigorously stirred to fully carry out the reaction, the produced mixed melt directly flows into the electric heating sedimentation furnace, and the nickel matte and the slag are separated calmly, thereby ensuring the efficient, continuous and stable operation of the process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nickel-containing solid waste treatment, in particular to a method and a system for producing nickel matte from nickel-containing solid waste.
Background
The HW46 nickel-containing waste source is mainly the basic chemical raw material manufacturing industry and the battery manufacturing industry, and mainly comprises reaction residues, unqualified products, obsolete products, waste products and the like generated in the nickel compound production process; sludge and waste water generated in the production process of nickel-hydrogen batteries are treated by waste residues and waste water, and a waste nickel catalyst is used.
The recovery treatment of the nickel-containing solid waste mainly adopts a wet method, and along with the rapid development of new energy automobiles, the recycling recovery and reutilization technology of the nickel-containing solid waste is also gradually paid attention to. The low nickel matte is produced by smelting nickel-containing solid waste fire method, then converting into high nickel matte, and the slag produced by smelting is general solid waste, so that industry acceptance is obtained. Therefore, the novel pyrometallurgical technology of nickel-containing solid waste, which is simple, efficient and stable, is developed, and has great significance.
At present, a blast furnace smelting technology is adopted in some documents, materials such as calcium sulfate, nickel-containing solid waste and the like are proportioned and bricked, then low-nickel matte with high iron content and low sulfur content is obtained through blast furnace smelting, and then the low-nickel matte is blown into high-nickel matte, and the high-nickel matte is leached to produce nickel sulfate. For example, chinese application publication No. CN108950215a discloses a method for treating low-grade nickel-containing waste, which comprises dewatering and drying nickel-containing waste, pressing the dried nickel-containing waste into bricks, smelting the obtained nickel-containing waste bricks by using an oxygen-enriched blast furnace to obtain nickel matte and slag, casting the matte into anode plates, and electrolyzing the anode plates by using a diaphragm electrolysis method to obtain metallic nickel and nickel electrolysis waste liquid, wherein the low-grade nickel-containing waste can be treated, and the recovery rate of nickel can reach more than 95%.
To sum up, the existing blast furnace processes nickel-containing solid wastes, which have the following disadvantages: (1) smaller scale treatments; (2) complicated material preparation, and drying after brick making; (3) The oxygen enrichment concentration is about 32%, the fuel is coke, and the fuel heat efficiency is not high; (4) The flue gas contains a large amount of carbon monoxide, has great influence on the environment, and becomes the most fatal factor in the process.
Disclosure of Invention
According to one embodiment of the invention, the method and the system for producing nickel matte by using nickel-containing solid waste are provided. The above object can be achieved by the following embodiments of the present invention:
according to one aspect of the invention, the method for producing nickel matte from nickel-containing solid waste comprises the following steps:
mixing the nickel-containing solid waste and a vulcanizing agent, and drying;
mixing the dried material with a reducing agent and a flux, and sending the mixture into an oxygen-enriched side-blown molten pool smelting furnace for vulcanization reaction to obtain a mixed melt; the side part of the oxygen-enriched side-blown molten pool smelting furnace is provided with a spray gun, the distance between the spray gun and the furnace bottom is 300-400 mm, energy and oxygen-enriched air/pure oxygen are blown into the furnace through the spray gun, and the mixed melt is stirred;
the mixed melt flows into the electrothermal settling furnace from the discharge port of the oxygen-enriched side-blown bath smelting furnace through the chute to perform settling separation of nickel matte and slag, the nickel matte is discharged from the nickel matte discharge port, and the slag is discharged from the slag discharge port.
Optionally, the oxygen-enriched side-blown bath smelting furnace takes the form of a "hearth-less" furnace.
Optionally, the oxygen concentration of the oxygen-enriched air is more than or equal to 60 percent, and the pressure of the blown gas is 0.1MPa to 0.35MPa.
Optionally, the furnace temperature is 1300-1450 ℃ during the vulcanization reaction.
Optionally, the discharge port of the oxygen-enriched side-blown bath smelting furnace is a siphon discharge or a burn-in discharge, wherein the slag surface exceeds the slag port by more than 100mm when the discharge port is the burn-in discharge.
Optionally, drying to a water content of not higher than 10%.
Optionally, the sedimentation separation time of the electric heating sedimentation furnace is 2-6 h, and the operating temperature of the furnace body is 1300-1500 ℃.
Optionally, the nickel matte discharge port of the electrothermal settling furnace is arranged at a position 100mm away from the furnace bottom, and the slag discharge port is arranged at a position 500-600 mm away from the furnace bottom.
Optionally, the nickel matte is sold after being crushed by water, and the slag is sold as general solid waste after being crushed by wind or water; if the iron content in the nickel matte product is higher than 10%, the nickel matte is sent into an oxidation heat preservation furnace for converting and removing iron, high nickel matte with qualified iron and converting slag are produced, the high nickel matte is sent into water for crushing and granulating, and the converting slag is returned to an electric heating sedimentation furnace.
Optionally, the oxygen-enriched side-blown molten pool smelting furnace is further provided with a group of electrodes for heat preservation of the melt in an emergency state.
Optionally, the top of the oxygen-enriched side-blown molten pool smelting furnace is higher than the electrothermal settling furnace or is arranged at the same height as the electrothermal settling furnace.
Optionally, the vulcanizing agent is gypsum slag or sulfur-containing waste.
Optionally, the reducing agent is one or more of coke, graphite powder and carbon.
Optionally, the energy blown by the spray gun is one or more of natural gas, coal dust and organic solvent.
According to another aspect of the invention, the system for producing nickel matte by using nickel-containing solid waste comprises a drying furnace, an oxygen-enriched side-blown molten pool smelting furnace and an electric heating sedimentation furnace, wherein the drying furnace is used for drying the proportioned nickel-containing solid waste and a vulcanizing agent proportioner; the oxygen-enriched side-blown molten pool smelting furnace is used for receiving the proportioned dried materials, reducing agent and flux and carrying out vulcanization reaction to obtain mixed melt; the side part of the oxygen-enriched side-blown molten pool smelting furnace is provided with a spray gun which is 300-400 mm away from the furnace bottom and is used for blowing energy and oxygen-enriched air/pure oxygen into the furnace to stir the mixed melt; the inlet of the electrothermal settling furnace is connected with the discharge port of the oxygen-enriched side-blown molten pool smelting furnace through a chute and is used for receiving the mixed melt discharged from the discharge port, settling and separating nickel matte and slag, discharging the nickel matte from the nickel matte discharge port and discharging the slag from the slag discharge port.
The beneficial effects are that: according to the embodiment of the invention, the oxygen-enriched side-blown molten pool smelting furnace and the electric heating sedimentation furnace are combined, the oxygen-enriched side-blown molten pool smelting furnace only carries out smelting without separation, and the produced mixed melt directly flows into the electric heating sedimentation furnace to carry out calm separation of nickel matte and slag, so that the efficient, continuous and stable operation of the process is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for producing nickel matte from nickel-containing solid waste in an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a side-blown lean furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Fig. 1 schematically shows a flow of a method for producing nickel matte from nickel-containing solid waste in an embodiment of the invention. The method for producing nickel matte by using the nickel-containing solid waste in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1) After the ingredients of the nickel-containing solid waste and the gypsum slag are added into a dryer, drying is carried out until the water content is not higher than 10%. The sulfidizing agent in this example is of course not limited to gypsum slag, but may be other sulfur-containing waste materials.
(2) And after the dried material is mixed with coke, quartz stone and limestone, the mixture is sent into an oxygen-enriched side-blown molten pool smelting furnace, namely a side-blown depletion furnace, for vulcanization reaction. In this embodiment, the reducing agent is coke, but the reducing agent is not limited to this, and may be graphite powder, carbon, or other materials containing C.
In the vulcanization reaction process in the side-blowing depletion furnace, the main reaction equation is as follows:
NiO+CaSO 4 +C→Ni 3 S 2 +CaO+CO(g)
Fe 3 O 4 +CaSO 4 +C→FeS+CaO+CO(g)
in addition to the sulfidation reaction, the following reduction reactions occur to yield the Ni-Fe alloy:
NiO+C→Ni+CO(g)
Fe 3 O 4 +C→Fe+CO(g)
the oxygen-enriched side-blown molten pool smelting furnace adopts a hearth-free form. The side part of the oxygen-enriched side-blown molten pool smelting furnace is provided with the spray gun which is only about 300-400 mm, such as 400mm, from the furnace bottom and is close to the furnace bottom, and the spray gun is arranged at the position, so that the stirring effect can be effectively improved while the heat is provided for the furnace body, and the furnace bottom is prevented from forming an alloy frozen layer to cause dead furnace. Natural gas and oxygen-enriched air (or 99.6% pure oxygen) are blown in, the oxygen concentration of the oxygen-enriched air is more than or equal to 60%, specifically 60-99.6%, and the gas pressure is 0.1-0.35 MPa.
The energy blown in by the spray gun is natural gas, and heat is provided for the reaction, and besides the natural gas, the energy can be other energy sources such as coal dust, organic solvent and the like; the oxygen-enriched air serves as fuel as a fuel gas, and may be pure oxygen in addition to the oxygen-enriched air. Natural gas and oxygen-enriched air (or pure oxygen) are blown into the side-blown lance, but oxygen is deficient for natural gas, preventing the excess oxygen from oxidizing nickel matte.
The gas blown into the furnace body by the spray gun not only provides heat for the furnace body, but also strengthens the reaction dynamics through the blown natural gas and oxygen-enriched air or pure oxygen, so that the nickel-iron alloy which is possibly deposited can be stirred and lifted for the second time to be fully mixed with slag and perform vulcanization reaction, the deposition of Ni-Fe alloy in the high-iron and low-sulfur nickel matte at the furnace bottom is prevented, and the 'dead furnace' caused by the formation of an alloy freezing layer at the furnace bottom is prevented. The nickel matte and slag produced by smelting in the side-blown depletion furnace are not separated, only the smelting process is completed, and the nickel matte and slag directly flow into the sedimentation electric furnace through the flow tank, and the sedimentation separation is carried out by the electric furnace, so that the high efficiency, the continuity and the stability of the smelting process are ensured.
The side-blowing lean furnace discharge port is arranged as a siphon discharge or a burn hole discharge, for example, two or more, wherein the siphon discharge can prevent unreacted materials from being discharged from the slag port; when the burning hole is discharged, the slag surface exceeds the slag hole by more than 100mm, and the discharge of materials without complete reaction can be prevented.
In addition, when the vulcanization reaction is carried out in the side-blowing depletion furnace, the furnace temperature is controlled to 1300-1450 ℃. The oxygen-enriched side-blown molten pool smelting furnace is also provided with a group of electrodes for heat preservation of the melt in an emergency state.
(3) The mixed melt produced by the side-blown lean furnace, namely the melt slag mixture, directly flows into the electric heating sedimentation furnace, namely the sedimentation electric furnace from the discharge port through the chute, the nickel matte and the slag are sedimentated and separated through the electric heating sedimentation furnace, and the sedimentated and separated nickel matte and slag are discharged through the respective discharge ports. The nickel matte discharge port is arranged at a position 100mm away from the furnace bottom, and the slag discharge port is arranged at a position 500-600 mm away from the furnace bottom.
After 2-6 h sedimentation, clarifying and separating the high-nickel matte and slag in the electric heating sedimentation furnace, wherein the high-nickel matte is sold after water crushing, and the slag is sold after wind crushing or water crushing as general solid waste. The qualified high nickel matte product contains 65-73% of nickel, 4-10% of iron and 18-23% of sulfur. The nickel content of the slag is less than 0.3%.
In addition, the top of the oxygen-enriched side-blown molten pool smelting furnace is higher than the electric heating sedimentation furnace or is arranged at the same height as the electric heating sedimentation furnace, so that the high-efficiency, continuous and stable operation of the production process can be further improved. The operation temperature of the electric heating sedimentation furnace body is 1300-1500 ℃.
In addition, if the iron content of the raw materials is high, and the iron content in the high-nickel matte product is higher than 10%, a matched oxidation heat preservation furnace is needed, the high-nickel matte with the iron content exceeding the standard is sent to the oxidation heat preservation furnace for converting and removing iron, the high-nickel matte with the qualified iron and converting slag are produced, the high-nickel matte is sent to water for crushing and granulating, and the converting slag is returned to the sedimentation electric furnace. And delivering the flue gas produced by the side-blowing lean furnace and the sedimentation electric furnace or the oxidation heat preservation furnace to desulfurization treatment, and discharging the tail gas after reaching the standard.
The embodiment utilizes the high efficiency and the continuity of the oxygen-enriched/pure oxygen side-blown molten pool smelting technology, reduces and vulcanizes in the oxygen-enriched side-blown molten pool smelting furnace, and severely agitates nickel matte and slag through a spray gun so as to fully carry out the reaction; the produced mixed melt is subjected to calm settling separation of nickel matte and slag in an electric heating settling furnace, the problems in the production process of copper-containing solid waste, zinc leaching slag and the like in the oxygen-enriched side-blown molten pool smelting technology are fully considered, the oxygen-enriched side-blown molten pool smelting furnace is designed to be free of a hearth, the nickel matte and slag produced in smelting are not separated, the nickel matte and slag which are possibly deposited can be stirred and lifted for a second time to be fully mixed with the slag, and the 'dead furnace' caused by an alloy freezing layer formed at the bottom of the furnace is prevented.
The application creatively combines the side-blowing jet combustion depletion technology and the electric heating temperature raising sedimentation technology together, and has the following advantages when the molten slag is depleted and sedimentated by using a 'molten slag side-blowing depletion furnace and an electric heating sedimentation furnace': first, the improvement of chemical kinetics conditions results in a higher hearth energy rate without requiring too large hearth area and too high electrode powerThe investment cost is lower, and the heat dissipation of the furnace body is also less, and the operation cost is also low. And secondly, the excellent chemical dynamics condition of the side-blown impoverishment furnace is combined with the relatively calm and weak stirring molten pool of the electric heating sedimentation furnace, so that the valuable metals with chemical loss in the molten slag are impoverishment efficiently, the valuable metals with physical loss in the molten slag are well sedimentated, and finally, the content of the valuable metals in the tailings can be controlled within an acceptable range. Then, the chemical kinetics is improved so that Fe in the slag 3 O 4 Good reduction and inhibition are obtained, the reduction of the accretion ensures the volume of the molten pool, which is also beneficial to the depletion and sedimentation of valuable metals. And the volume of the molten pool is ensured, and the safety of a water quenching system is ensured after the tailings contain valuable metals. Finally, the problem that the reducing agent floats on the surface of the molten pool and burns in a large area is avoided, and the service life of the upper furnace body is also ensured.
The present application is further described in conjunction with the following specific examples:
example 1:
adding nickel-containing solid waste (low Fe) and gypsum slag into a dryer, and dehydrating and drying until the water content is 10%; the flux is quartz stone and limestone, and the silicon-calcium ratio SiO in the raw materials is equal to that of the raw materials 2 Cao=1.5; the reducing agent is coke, and the addition amount of the coke accounts for 5 percent of the total weight of the raw materials. The furnace temperature is 1300-1450 ℃, and the thickness of the melt mixed by the nickel matte and the slag is 800mm. Natural gas and O containing are injected into the furnace through a side-blowing spray gun 2 70% of oxygen-enriched air, wherein the ratio of oxygen to natural gas in the oxygen-enriched air is 1.98:1, oxygen shortage and melt pressure of 0.3MPa.
The side-blowing lean furnace is provided with two melt-hole burning discharge ports, and the fully reacted mixed melt of nickel matte and slag flows into the electric heating sedimentation furnace through a flow tank and is discharged every 6 hours. When the burning hole is discharged, the slag surface exceeds the slag hole by more than 100mm, so that the discharge of materials without complete reaction is prevented. The power of the electric heating sedimentation furnace is about 100kVA/t melt, and the operating temperature of the furnace body is 1300-1500 ℃. After clarification and separation in a settling period of 5 hours, the nickel matte is discharged from a nickel matte port and is crushed and granulated by water; slag is discharged from a slag discharge port and is crushed and granulated by wind.
The nickel matte produced by the sedimentation furnace contains 65% of Ni, 7% of Fe and 20% of S. The slag contains 0.15% of Ni.
Example 2:
adding nickel-containing solid waste (high Fe) and nickel sulfide waste into a dryer, and dehydrating and drying until the water content is 8%; the flux is quartz stone and limestone, and the silicon-calcium ratio SiO in the raw materials is equal to that of the raw materials 2 Cao=1.5; the reducing agent is carbon, and the addition amount of the carbon accounts for 5.5 percent of the total weight of the raw materials. The furnace temperature is 1300-1400 ℃, and the thickness of the melt mixed by the nickel matte and the slag is 800-1200 mm. Natural gas and O containing are injected into the furnace through a side-blowing spray gun 2 80% of oxygen-enriched air, the ratio of oxygen to natural gas in the oxygen-enriched air being 1.95:1, under-oxygen and melt pressure of 0.35MPa.
The side-blowing lean furnace is provided with two siphon discharge ports, and the mixed melt of fully reacted nickel matte and slag flows into the electric heating sedimentation furnace through a flow tank and is discharged every 8 hours. The power of the electric heating sedimentation furnace is about 100kVA/t melt, and the furnace body operation temperature is 1450 ℃. After clarification and separation in a settling period of 6 hours, the high Fe nickel matte is discharged from a nickel matte port, flows into an oxidation holding furnace for converting and removing iron, and slag is discharged from a slag discharge port and is crushed and granulated by water.
Blowing the high Fe nickel matte in an oxidation heat preservation furnace to remove iron, and conveying the produced qualified high Ni matte to water for crushing and granulating, and returning the blowing slag to a sedimentation electric furnace.
The high nickel matte in the oxidation holding furnace contains Ni 60%, fe 9% and S21%. The slag contains 0.2% of Ni.
The description of the present invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, and is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the invention in the form disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, and to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the invention for various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.
Claims (12)
1. A method for producing nickel matte by nickel-containing solid waste, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
mixing the nickel-containing solid waste and a vulcanizing agent, and drying;
mixing the dried material with a reducing agent and a flux, and sending the mixture into an oxygen-enriched side-blown molten pool smelting furnace for vulcanization reaction to obtain a mixed melt; the side part of the oxygen-enriched side-blown molten pool smelting furnace is provided with a spray gun, the distance between the spray gun and the furnace bottom is 300-400 mm, energy and oxygen-enriched air/pure oxygen are blown into the furnace through the spray gun, and the mixed melt is stirred;
the mixed melt flows into the electrothermal settling furnace from the discharge port of the oxygen-enriched side-blown bath smelting furnace through the chute to perform settling separation of nickel matte and slag, the nickel matte is discharged from the nickel matte discharge port, and the slag is discharged from the slag discharge port.
2. The method for producing nickel matte by using nickel-containing solid waste according to claim 1, wherein,
the oxygen-enriched side-blown molten pool smelting furnace adopts a hearth-free form;
the oxygen concentration of the oxygen-enriched air is more than or equal to 60 percent, and the pressure of the blown gas is 0.1MPa to 0.35MPa.
3. The method for producing nickel matte by nickel-containing solid waste according to claim 1, wherein the furnace temperature is 1300 ℃ to 1450 ℃ during the vulcanization reaction.
4. The method for producing nickel matte by using nickel-containing solid waste according to claim 1, wherein the discharge port of the oxygen-enriched side-blown molten pool smelting furnace is a siphon discharge or a hole burning discharge, and the slag surface exceeds the slag port by more than 100mm when the discharge port is the hole burning discharge.
5. The method for producing nickel matte by using nickel-containing solid waste according to claim 1, wherein the nickel matte is dried to a water content of not more than 10%.
6. The method for producing nickel matte by using nickel-containing solid waste according to claim 1, wherein the sedimentation separation time of the electric heating sedimentation furnace is 2-6 h, and the furnace body operation temperature is 1300-1500 ℃.
7. The method for producing nickel matte from nickel-containing solid waste according to claim 1, wherein the nickel matte discharge port of the electric heat sedimentation furnace is arranged at a position 100mm from the furnace bottom, and the slag discharge port is arranged at a position 500-600 mm high from the furnace bottom.
8. The method for producing nickel matte from nickel-containing solid waste according to claim 1, wherein the nickel matte is sold after being crushed by water, and slag is sold after being crushed by wind or water as general solid waste; if the iron content in the nickel matte product is higher than 10%, the nickel matte is sent into an oxidation heat preservation furnace for converting and removing iron, high nickel matte with qualified iron and converting slag are produced, the high nickel matte is sent into water for crushing and granulating, and the converting slag is returned to an electric heating sedimentation furnace.
9. The method for producing nickel matte from nickel-containing solid waste according to claim 1, wherein the oxygen-enriched side-blown bath smelting furnace is further provided with a set of electrodes for heat preservation of the melt in an emergency.
10. The method for producing nickel matte by using nickel-containing solid waste according to claim 1, wherein the top of the oxygen-enriched side-blown molten pool smelting furnace is higher than or equal to the electric heating sedimentation furnace.
11. The method for producing nickel matte by using nickel-containing solid waste according to claim 1, wherein,
the vulcanizing agent is gypsum slag or sulfur-containing waste;
the reducing agent is one or more of coke, graphite powder and carbon;
the energy blown in by the spray gun is one or more of natural gas, coal dust and organic solvent.
12. A system for use in a method for producing nickel matte from nickel-containing solid waste according to any of claims 1-11, comprising:
the drying furnace is used for drying the nickel-containing solid waste after the batching and the vulcanizing agent batching;
the oxygen-enriched side-blown molten pool smelting furnace is used for receiving the dried materials after the ingredients, reducing agent and flux and carrying out vulcanization reaction to obtain mixed melt; the side part of the oxygen-enriched side-blown molten pool smelting furnace is provided with a spray gun which is 300-400 mm away from the furnace bottom and is used for blowing energy and oxygen-enriched air/pure oxygen into the furnace to stir the mixed melt;
the inlet of the electrothermal settling furnace is connected with the discharge port of the oxygen-enriched side-blown bath smelting furnace through a chute and is used for receiving the mixed melt discharged from the discharge port, settling and separating nickel matte and slag, discharging the nickel matte from the nickel matte discharge port and discharging the slag from the slag discharge port.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2024037659A1 (en) * | 2023-09-18 | 2024-02-22 | 广东邦普循环科技有限公司 | Method for preparing high-nickel matte by combining ternary iron-aluminum slag with laterite-nickel ore |
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| CN102735047A (en) * | 2012-07-19 | 2012-10-17 | 昆明理工大学 | Method and equipment for depleting furnace slag of electric melting furnace of side-blowing melting pool |
| CN110205501A (en) * | 2019-07-08 | 2019-09-06 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Reduction nickel-containing material prepares the device of nickel matte |
| CN113502402A (en) * | 2021-06-08 | 2021-10-15 | 金川集团股份有限公司 | Direct nickel smelting method by top-side composite smelting |
| CN115386736A (en) * | 2022-08-04 | 2022-11-25 | 广东邦普循环科技有限公司 | Method for treating laterite-nickel ore by oxygen-enriched side-blown converter |
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| CN102735047A (en) * | 2012-07-19 | 2012-10-17 | 昆明理工大学 | Method and equipment for depleting furnace slag of electric melting furnace of side-blowing melting pool |
| CN110205501A (en) * | 2019-07-08 | 2019-09-06 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Reduction nickel-containing material prepares the device of nickel matte |
| CN113502402A (en) * | 2021-06-08 | 2021-10-15 | 金川集团股份有限公司 | Direct nickel smelting method by top-side composite smelting |
| CN115386736A (en) * | 2022-08-04 | 2022-11-25 | 广东邦普循环科技有限公司 | Method for treating laterite-nickel ore by oxygen-enriched side-blown converter |
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