CN116046292A - Water leakage judging method and device for hydropower station water inlet facility - Google Patents
Water leakage judging method and device for hydropower station water inlet facility Download PDFInfo
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- CN116046292A CN116046292A CN202310180560.9A CN202310180560A CN116046292A CN 116046292 A CN116046292 A CN 116046292A CN 202310180560 A CN202310180560 A CN 202310180560A CN 116046292 A CN116046292 A CN 116046292A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of hydropower stations, and discloses a water leakage judging method and device for water inlet facilities of a hydropower station, aiming at solving the problem of hysteresis in water leakage detection of the water inlet facilities of the conventional hydropower station, wherein the scheme mainly comprises the following steps: acquiring the angular speed, the angular acceleration, the working water head and the generator output power of the generator set, and calculating the over-machine flow of the generator set based on a predetermined formula according to the angular speed, the angular acceleration, the working water head and the generator output power; and obtaining the flow in the pressure steel pipe, calculating the difference value between the flow in the pressure steel pipe and the overload flow to obtain a flow difference, and judging whether water leakage exists or not according to the flow difference and the rated flow of the generator set. The invention improves the timeliness, accuracy and comprehensiveness of water leakage monitoring of the water inlet facilities of the hydropower station, reduces the monitoring cost and is suitable for the hydropower station.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydropower stations, in particular to a water leakage judging method and device for a hydropower station water inlet facility.
Background
Hydropower stations are flooded with water to cause accidents of factory buildings, so that electric equipment can be submerged, huge property loss is caused, and even personal safety accidents are caused. From the accident situation of the flooding factory building, mainly there are inlet valve rupture, roof leakage and other water leakage facilities, tail water back-filling factory building and mountain floods and other external water directly rushing into the entrance of factory building. The first situation occurs relatively faster and the second two situations occur more slowly, leaving more time for the production personnel to dispose and escape, thus requiring enhanced monitoring and pre-disposal of the influent facility effluent. When the volute or the top cover leaks water, the water inlet ball valve can be closed rapidly by emergency closing; when the water inlet valve is broken and leaks water, the water inlet accident door or the pressure regulating well accident door at the upper end is closed in an emergency mode, water flow can be closed rapidly, and water inflow into a factory building is reduced as much as possible.
In order to prevent water from leaking out of a large amount of water in water inlet facilities such as water inlet valves and top covers of a hydropower station and causing flooding of a factory building, a set of waterproof flooding factory building control system is generally configured in the current mode, at least 3 sets of water level annunciators are arranged at the lowest layer of the factory building, three-selection-two logic judgment is adopted, and a water inlet valve and an accident door are closed in emergency linkage after the flooding of the factory building is determined. However, the mode of adopting the water level annunciator arranged at the bottommost gallery of the plant to monitor the accumulated water mainly has the hysteresis defect, because a water flowing process is needed from the occurrence of water leakage of the water inlet valve or the top cover to the occurrence of accumulated water in the bottommost gallery of the plant, the room floor where the valve or the top cover is often arranged is impacted and submerged by a large amount of water leakage at the moment, so that the water leakage accident can be monitored and judged near the leakage point at the first time, and the water inlet valve and the accident door are closed in a linkage way earlier, thereby being the key for reducing the personal and property loss of the water flooded plant.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem of hysteresis in water leakage detection of the existing hydropower station water inlet facilities, and provides a water leakage judging method and device for the hydropower station water inlet facilities.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
in one aspect, a water leakage judging method for a water inlet facility of a hydropower station is provided, and the method comprises the following steps:
acquiring the angular speed, the angular acceleration, the working water head and the generator output power of the generator set, and calculating the over-machine flow of the generator set based on a predetermined formula according to the angular speed, the angular acceleration, the working water head and the generator output power;
and obtaining the flow in the pressure steel pipe, calculating the difference value between the flow in the pressure steel pipe and the overload flow to obtain a flow difference, and judging whether water leakage exists or not according to the flow difference and the rated flow of the generator set.
Further, the formula for calculating the overload flow rate of the generator set is as follows:
in which Q 2 For the flow rate of the generator set, J Z For the moment of inertia of the generator set, ω is the angular velocity of the generator set, α is the angular acceleration of the generator set, P e And H is the working water head of the generator set, and E is the energy consumed by the angular speed of the generator set under the no-load condition.
Further, the energy E consumed by the angular velocity of the generator set under no-load conditions is calculated by the following formula:
E＝K 2 ω 2 +K 1 ω+K 0 ；
wherein omega is the angular velocity of the generator set, K 0 、K 1 And K 2 Is a coefficient.
Further, the coefficient K 0 、K 1 And K 2 The determining method of (1) comprises the following steps:
when the generator set is in an idle condition, the energy E consumed by the angular velocity has the following relation with the idle flow and the working water head: e=9.81 QH, from which the following expression can be derived:
9.81QH＝K 2 ω 2 +K 1 ω+K 0 ；
wherein Q is the no-load flow of the generator set, and H is the working water head of the generator set;
when the generator set is in an idle condition, acquiring a working water head H of the generator set, and respectively acquiring idle flow Q of the generator set at different angular speeds omega;
fitting the expression according to the recorded angular velocity omega and no-load flow Q by adopting a least square index method to obtain a coefficient K 0 、K 1 And K 2 。
Further, the idle flow rate Q nr Obtained by measurement by a flow rate detection device installed in the penstock.
Further, judging whether water leakage exists according to the flow difference and the rated flow of the generator set, specifically comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of repeatedly obtaining the flow of the generator set and the flow in the pressure steel pipe, respectively calculating corresponding flow differences, and calculating average flow difference according to the flow differences calculated repeatedly, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
in the method, in the process of the invention,
delta Q is the flow difference, T is the number of flow differences;
and judging whether water leakage exists or not according to the average flow difference and the rated flow of the generator set.
Further, judging whether water leakage exists according to the average flow difference and the rated flow of the generator set, and specifically comprising the following steps:
and setting a threshold according to the rated flow, judging whether the average flow difference is larger than the threshold, if so, judging that water leakage exists, otherwise, judging that water leakage does not exist.
Further, the threshold value is 5%Q r I.e. when meeting
When water leakage is judged to exist, wherein ∈>
For average flow difference, Q r Is the rated flow of the generator set.
Further, the method further comprises:
when meeting the requirements
When the water leakage alarm signal is sent out after the time is delayed for a preset time length;
when meeting the requirements
And (3) after a preset time delay, sending out a water leakage alarm signal, and closing the water inlet valve and/or the accident door.
In another aspect, there is provided a water leakage judging device for a hydropower station water intake facility, the device comprising at least: a controller for:
acquiring the angular speed, the angular acceleration, the working water head and the generator output power of the generator set, and calculating the over-machine flow of the generator set based on a predetermined formula according to the angular speed, the angular acceleration, the working water head and the generator output power;
and obtaining the flow in the pressure steel pipe, calculating the difference value between the flow in the pressure steel pipe and the overload flow to obtain a flow difference, and judging whether water leakage exists or not according to the flow difference and the rated flow of the generator set.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: according to the water leakage judging method and device for the hydropower station water inlet facility, disclosed by the invention, the machine-passing flow of the water inlet facility is directly monitored and calculated, so that judgment can be made at the first time, and the timeliness of water leakage detection is improved. Meanwhile, the rotation kinetic energy change of the generator set is fully considered by a pre-established formula, so that the accurate calculation of the flow of the passing machine can be realized under the full working condition, the accurate judgment of whether water leakage occurs or not under the full working condition is further realized, and the comprehensiveness of water leakage detection is improved. Besides the water flow in the pressure steel pipe is obtained by arranging the flow measuring equipment on the pressure steel pipe, other monitoring equipment such as sensors are not required to be additionally arranged, and the conventional hydropower station is generally provided with the ultrasonic flow measuring equipment on the pressure steel pipe for monitoring the conventional flow of the unit, so that the monitoring cost and the maintenance workload are reduced. The invention can realize the water leakage monitoring of the whole flow passage from the arrangement position of the flow measuring equipment of the pressure steel pipe to the outlet of the rotating wheel, can realize seamless monitoring and improves the water leakage monitoring range. And because the ultrasonic current measurement and the counter calculation of the machine flow of the generator set have the characteristics of high precision, the leakage water quantity can be accurately monitored, graded alarm can be made according to the leakage water quantity, and different linkage treatment measures can be made according to the alarm level. And by carrying out mean value processing on the calculated flow difference, accidental fluctuation errors in the original data acquisition process are eliminated, the actual water leakage situation is reflected more reliably and truly, and false alarm is prevented.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a water leakage judging method of a hydropower station water inlet facility according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is a logic schematic diagram of a water leakage judging device of a hydropower station water inlet facility according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention aims to improve timeliness, accuracy and comprehensiveness of water leakage monitoring of a hydropower station water inlet facility, and simultaneously reduce monitoring cost, and provides a water leakage judging method and device of the hydropower station water inlet facility, wherein the main technical scheme comprises the following steps: acquiring the angular speed, the angular acceleration, the working water head and the generator output power of the generator set, and calculating the over-machine flow of the generator set based on a predetermined formula according to the angular speed, the angular acceleration, the working water head and the generator output power; and obtaining the flow in the pressure steel pipe, calculating the difference value between the flow in the pressure steel pipe and the overload flow to obtain a flow difference, and judging whether water leakage exists or not according to the flow difference and the rated flow of the generator set.
It can be understood that the flow in the pressure steel pipe is detected through the existing flow measuring equipment, meanwhile, the over-machine flow of the generator set is reversely calculated through the angular speed, the angular acceleration, the working water head and the output power of the generator set based on a pre-established formula, then the flow difference between the flow in the pressure steel pipe and the over-machine flow is calculated, and the theoretical flow difference is always greater than or equal to zero. When the flow difference is smaller, the vast majority of water enters the unit, at the moment, water leakage is judged not to exist, when the flow difference is larger, the situation that part of water does not enter the unit is judged to occur, and at the moment, water leakage accidents are judged to occur, so that real-time accurate judgment on whether water leakage occurs in water inlet facilities is achieved.
Examples
Referring to fig. 1, the water leakage judging method for a hydropower station water inlet facility according to the embodiment of the invention includes:
step 1, obtaining the angular speed omega, the angular acceleration alpha, the working water head H and the output power P of a generator set e According to the angular velocity omega, the angular acceleration alpha, the working head H and the generator output power P e And calculates the overload flow Q of the generator set based on a predetermined formula 2 ；
It can be understood that under different head conditions, the energy E consumed to maintain the constant idle angular velocity of the water turbine is approximately constant, and the relationship between the energy E consumed to maintain the constant idle angular velocity of the water turbine and the angular velocity ω of the generator set is approximately:
E＝K 2 ω 2 +K 1 ω+K 0 ；
wherein K is 0 、K 1 And K 2 Is the coefficient, K 2 ω 2 Represents wind resistance, eddy current loss, etc., K 1 Omega represents friction, hysteresis loss, etc., K 0 Representing the start-up energy.
In the present embodiment, the coefficient K in the above formula 0 、K 1 And K 2 The determination may be made by:
and step A, when the generator set is in an idle condition, the energy E consumed by the angular velocity, the idle flow Q and the working water head H have the following relation: e=9.81 QH, from which the following expression can be derived:
9.81QH＝K 2 ω 2 +K 1 ω+K 0 ；
step B, when the generator set is in an idle condition, acquiring a working water head H of the generator set, and respectively acquiring idle flow Q of the generator set at different angular speeds omega;
step C, fitting the expression by adopting a least square index method according to the recorded angular velocity omega and the no-load flow Q to obtain a coefficient K 0 、K 1 And K 2 。
Specifically, the coefficient K 0 、K 1 And K 2 The method is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of obtaining through an idle load debugging test, recording a current working water head H when a generator set is started in an idle load mode, recording the idle load flow under the condition of a plurality of constant idle load angular speeds, and taking the idle load flow as an idle load flow Q, wherein the idle load flow Q can be obtained through measurement of an ultrasonic flow measuring device arranged in a pressure steel pipe.
The following table gives a table of the different angular velocities ω versus the idle flow Q under nominal head conditions:
the least squares index method is then used to fit the expression 9.81 qh=k 2 ω 2 +K 1 ω+K 0 Further, the coefficient K in the expression is obtained 0 、K 1 And K 2 。
It will be appreciated that there is real-time dynamic power balancing when the genset is in any operating condition, such as genset start, grid connection, or overspeed. The embodiment approximately expresses the real-time dynamic power balance of the hydroelectric generating set under any water head and rotating speed through the following formula:
9.81Q 2 H-E＝J Z ωα+P e ；
in which Q 2 For the flow rate of the generator set, J Z For the moment of inertia of the generator set, ω is the generatorAngular velocity of the group, alpha is the angular acceleration of the generator set, P e And H is the working water head of the generator set, and E is the energy consumed by the angular speed of the generator set under the no-load condition.
According to the formula, the overload flow Q of the generator set can be calculated under any working condition 2 The method comprises the following steps:
the flow Q of the passing machine is completed through the steps 2 Is established by the calculation formula of (2). In practical application, the angular velocity omega, the angular acceleration alpha, the working water head H and the generator output power P of the generator set are obtained e Angular velocity omega, angular acceleration alpha, working head H and generator output power P of generator set e Inputting a calculation formula to obtain the overload flow Q of the generator set 2 。
Step 2, obtaining the flow Q in the penstock 1 Calculating the flow Q in the pressure steel pipe 1 And the flow rate Q of the passing machine 2 Obtaining a flow difference DeltaQ according to the flow difference DeltaQ and the rated flow Q of the generator set r Judging whether water leakage exists or not.
For a general hydropower station, ultrasonic flow measurement devices are arranged in the penstock, and the embodiment can detect the flow Q in the penstock through the ultrasonic flow measurement devices 1 In m 3 /s。
In this embodiment, the machine-passing flow Q of the generator set may be obtained multiple times 2 And flow rate Q in pressure steel pipe 1 Respectively calculating corresponding flow difference delta Q, and calculating average flow difference according to the flow difference delta Q calculated for multiple times
Then->
And rated flow Q of generator set r Judging whether water leakage exists or not.
Wherein the average flow difference
The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
by means of average value processing of the calculated flow difference, sporadic fluctuation errors in the original data acquisition process can be eliminated, actual water leakage conditions can be reflected more reliably and truly, and false alarms are prevented.
In this embodiment, the rated flow Q of the unit may be determined r Setting a threshold value according to the average flow difference
And judging the water leakage condition according to the magnitude relation between the water leakage condition and the threshold value. Specifically, when the average flow rate is poor +.>
If the water leakage is larger than the threshold value, judging that water leakage exists, otherwise, judging that water leakage does not exist.
Comprehensively considering the accuracy and the error of the actual situation, the embodiment sets the threshold value as 5%Q r I.e. when meeting
And judging that water leakage exists when the water leakage exists.
In order to facilitate the staff to know that the water leakage accident occurs and ensure the safety of the hydropower station, the embodiment also determines the average flow difference
The size of the system is used for carrying out hierarchical alarm and linkage control, and the system specifically comprises the following steps:
when meeting the requirements
When the water leakage alarm signal is sent out after the time is delayed for a preset time length;
when meeting the requirements
And (3) after a preset time delay, sending out a water leakage alarm signal, and closing the water inlet valve and/or the accident door.
The preset duration may be set according to practical situations, and this embodiment is not limited to this, for example, 5 seconds.
It will be appreciated that when the average flow rate is poor
When the threshold value is exceeded but the water leakage condition is smaller, the water leakage alarm can be sent out through the alarm device so as to achieve the purpose of prompting staff. When the average flow difference->
When the threshold value is exceeded and the water leakage condition is serious, the purpose of ensuring the safety of the hydropower station can be achieved by sending out a water leakage alarm and cutting off a water inlet valve or an accident door.
In summary, according to the water leakage judging method for the hydropower station water inlet facility provided by the embodiment, the monitoring and calculation are directly performed on the machine-passing flow of the water inlet facility, so that the judgment can be made at the first time, and the timeliness of water leakage detection is improved. Meanwhile, the rotation kinetic energy change of the generator set is fully considered by a pre-established formula, so that the accurate calculation of the flow of the passing machine can be realized under the full working condition, the accurate judgment of whether water leakage occurs or not under the full working condition is further realized, and the comprehensiveness of water leakage detection is improved. Besides the water flow in the pressure steel pipe is obtained by arranging the flow measuring equipment on the pressure steel pipe, other monitoring equipment such as sensors are not required to be additionally arranged, and the conventional hydropower station is generally provided with the ultrasonic flow measuring equipment on the pressure steel pipe for monitoring the conventional flow of the unit, so that the monitoring cost and the maintenance workload are reduced. The embodiment can realize the water leakage monitoring of the whole flow passage from the arrangement position of the flow measuring equipment of the pressure steel pipe to the outlet of the rotating wheel, can realize seamless monitoring and improves the water leakage monitoring range. And because the ultrasonic current measurement and the counter calculation of the machine flow of the generator set have the characteristics of high precision, the leakage water quantity can be accurately monitored, graded alarm can be made according to the leakage water quantity, and different linkage treatment measures can be made according to the alarm level. And by carrying out mean value processing on the calculated flow difference, accidental fluctuation errors in the original data acquisition process are eliminated, the actual water leakage situation is reflected more reliably and truly, and false alarm is prevented.
Referring to fig. 2, based on the above technical solution, this embodiment further provides a water leakage judging device for a water inlet facility of a hydropower station, where the device at least includes: a controller for:
acquiring the angular speed, the angular acceleration, the working water head and the generator output power of the generator set, and calculating the over-machine flow of the generator set based on a predetermined formula according to the angular speed, the angular acceleration, the working water head and the generator output power;
and obtaining the flow in the pressure steel pipe, calculating the difference value between the flow in the pressure steel pipe and the overload flow to obtain a flow difference, and judging whether water leakage exists or not according to the flow difference and the rated flow of the generator set.
It can be understood that, since the water leakage judging device of the hydropower station water inlet facility according to the embodiment of the present invention is a device for implementing the water leakage judging method of the hydropower station water inlet facility according to the embodiment, for the device disclosed in the embodiment, the description is simpler, and the relevant places refer to the part of the description of the method.
Claims (10)
1. The water leakage judging method for the water inlet facility of the hydropower station is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
acquiring the angular speed, the angular acceleration, the working water head and the generator output power of the generator set, and calculating the over-machine flow of the generator set based on a predetermined formula according to the angular speed, the angular acceleration, the working water head and the generator output power;
and obtaining the flow in the pressure steel pipe, calculating the difference value between the flow in the pressure steel pipe and the overload flow to obtain a flow difference, and judging whether water leakage exists or not according to the flow difference and the rated flow of the generator set.
2. The method for determining water leakage in a water inlet facility of a hydropower station according to claim 1, wherein the equation for calculating the excess flow of the generator set is as follows:
in which Q 2 For the flow rate of the generator set, J Z For the moment of inertia of the generator set, ω is the angular velocity of the generator set, α is the angular acceleration of the generator set, P e And H is the working water head of the generator set, and E is the energy consumed by the angular speed of the generator set under the no-load condition.
3. The water leakage judging method for a hydropower station water inlet facility according to claim 2, wherein the energy E consumed by the generator set in the angular velocity under the no-load condition is calculated by the following formula:
E＝K 2 ω 2 +K 1 ω+K 0 ；
wherein omega is the angular velocity of the generator set, K 0 、K 1 And K 2 Is a coefficient.
4. The method for determining water leakage in a hydropower station water intake facility according to claim 3, wherein the coefficient K 0 、K 1 And K 2 The determining method of (1) comprises the following steps:
when the generator set is in an idle condition, the energy E consumed by the angular velocity has the following relation with the idle flow and the working water head: e=9.81 QH, from which the following expression can be derived:
9.81QH＝K 2 ω 2 +K 1 ω+K 0 ；
wherein Q is the no-load flow of the generator set, and H is the working water head of the generator set;
when the generator set is in an idle condition, acquiring a working water head H of the generator set, and respectively acquiring idle flow Q of the generator set at different angular speeds omega;
fitting the expression according to the recorded angular velocity omega and no-load flow Q by adopting a least square index method to obtain a coefficient K 0 、K 1 And K 2 。
5. The method for determining water leakage in a hydropower station water intake facility according to claim 4, wherein the no-load flow rate Q is obtained by measuring a flow rate detecting device installed in the penstock.
6. The water leakage judging method for a hydropower station water intake facility according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein judging whether or not there is a water leakage based on the flow amount difference and a rated flow amount of a generator set, specifically comprises:
the method comprises the steps of repeatedly obtaining the flow of the generator set and the flow in the pressure steel pipe, respectively calculating corresponding flow differences, and calculating average flow difference according to the flow differences calculated repeatedly, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
in the method, in the process of the invention,
delta Q is the flow difference, T is the number of flow differences;
and judging whether water leakage exists or not according to the average flow difference and the rated flow of the generator set.
7. The method for judging water leakage in a water inlet facility of a hydropower station according to claim 6, wherein judging whether water leakage exists or not based on the average flow difference and a rated flow of a generator set, comprises:
and setting a threshold according to the rated flow, judging whether the average flow difference is larger than the threshold, if so, judging that water leakage exists, otherwise, judging that water leakage does not exist.
8. The method for determining water leakage in a water inlet facility of a hydroelectric power plant according to claim 7, wherein the threshold value is 5%Q r I.e. when meeting
When water leakage is judged to exist, wherein ∈>
For average flow difference, Q r Is the rated flow of the generator set.
9. The water leakage judging method for a hydropower station water intake facility according to claim 8, wherein the method further comprises:
when meeting the requirements
When the water leakage alarm signal is sent out after the time is delayed for a preset time length;
when meeting the requirements
And (3) after a preset time delay, sending out a water leakage alarm signal, and closing the water inlet valve and/or the accident door.
10. A water leakage judging device for a hydropower station water inlet facility, the device comprising at least: a controller for:
acquiring the angular speed, the angular acceleration, the working water head and the generator output power of the generator set, and calculating the over-machine flow of the generator set based on a predetermined formula according to the angular speed, the angular acceleration, the working water head and the generator output power;
and obtaining the flow in the pressure steel pipe, calculating the difference value between the flow in the pressure steel pipe and the overload flow to obtain a flow difference, and judging whether water leakage exists or not according to the flow difference and the rated flow of the generator set.
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