CN116000384B - Key groove machining alignment device and method for double-key groove gear shaft - Google Patents
Key groove machining alignment device and method for double-key groove gear shaft Download PDFInfo
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- CN116000384B CN116000384B CN202310149137.2A CN202310149137A CN116000384B CN 116000384 B CN116000384 B CN 116000384B CN 202310149137 A CN202310149137 A CN 202310149137A CN 116000384 B CN116000384 B CN 116000384B
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- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention relates to a key slot processing alignment device and an alignment method for a double-key slot gear, which belong to the technical field of machining, and are suitable for positioning and aligning the double-key slots after tooth profile processing is completed on a gear shaft on a planer milling machine. The key groove processing alignment device for the double-key groove gear shaft comprises a contour supporting block, an angle template, a core rod and a dial indicator. The two groups of equal-height supporting blocks are horizontally supported on the workbench, the locating grooves which are preset on the workbench and the locating keys at the bottom of the bottom plate of the equal-height supporting blocks are assembled quickly, so that the axial azimuth horizontal azimuth of the gear shaft is fixed, the direction of a key slot to be machined can be aligned in advance through the angle template, the dial indicator is sucked and fixed on the main shaft of the machine tool through the magnetic fixing seat, the angular template guiding azimuth fixed at the shaft end of the dial indicator translational calibration gear is driven along the X axis, the Y axis or the Z axis through the main shaft, the machining azimuth of the gear shaft is adjusted, and the alignment and positioning before double key slot machining on the gear shaft are realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of machining, in particular to a key groove machining alignment device and an alignment method for a double-key-groove gear, which are suitable for positioning and aligning machining of double key grooves on a gear shaft after tooth-shaped machining is finished on a planer milling machine.
Background
In the prior art, there is a double-key-groove gear shaft for a closed press, the structure of the double-key-groove gear shaft is shown in the figure, and the shaft end of the gear shaft is provided with double key grooves for transmission connection of the gear shaft. The angles of the double tooth grooves distributed along the circumferential direction of the gear shaft are different, so that the transmission force distances of the gear shaft are different under different working conditions. In closed machine tools with different strokes, according to different stroke positions of the top dead center of the machine tool, the circumferentially distributed angles of double-key grooves on the double-key groove gear shaft are closely related to the stroke of the top dead center position in the machine tool stroke, and the distribution angles of the double-key grooves are 180 ︒ or less than 180 ︒, and are more typically distributed in the circumferential direction of the gear shaft of 120 ︒. In order to achieve the meshing precision of the gear on the shaft and the other matched gear after the gear shaft is assembled, the vertical bisector of the bottom of one key slot is required to be overlapped with the vertical bisector of the top of one tooth (the tooth is called as a reference tooth), the vertical bisector of the bottom of the two key slots passes through the central shaft of the gear shaft, and the included angle of the vertical bisector of the bottom of the two key slots is the included angle of the two key slots distributed along the circumferential direction of the gear shaft.
When the planer type milling machine with the machine tool spindle driving head having the degrees of freedom in three directions of XYZ is used for machining the double key grooves, two clamping directions of the gear shafts are adopted, one is that the gear shafts are vertically clamped, the two key grooves are machined according to angles through a rotary workbench, but the clamping height of the gear shafts with overlong shaft length is ultrahigh, the gear shafts cannot be machined and can be horizontally clamped and fixed, for the planer type milling machine without the rotary driving head, the gear shafts are horizontally clamped and machined, the two key grooves to be machined are located in the direction of 180 ︒, the clamping angles and the positioning gear shafts are easy to achieve, the direction of the machined key grooves is adjusted to be horizontal, then the center of the shaft ends of the gear shafts is determined through an edge finder, and the two-side symmetrical machining can be achieved, but when the included angles of the two key grooves are not 180 ︒ in distribution, the difficulty of calibrating and locating positions is large when the second key groove is machined, the deviation of the position of the two key grooves is easy to be caused, the meshing transmission precision of the installed is reduced, the noise is large, and the service life is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem that in the prior art, when a planer type milling machine with three degrees of freedom only processes double keyways of a double-key-groove gear shaft with any included angle, the positioning and aligning accuracy of the key way processing position is poor, the invention provides the key way processing and aligning device for the double-key-groove gear and the aligning method thereof, which are convenient for aligning and positioning the double-key-groove processing position when the gear shaft is fixed in the horizontal direction of a workbench of the planer type milling machine.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a key slot machining alignment device for a double key slot gear, comprising
The machine tool comprises a machine tool workbench, wherein the machine tool workbench is provided with a gear shaft, two groups of contour supporting blocks are axially arranged along the gear shaft, each group of contour supporting blocks is provided with a V-shaped supporting opening which is opened upwards, the bottom of each contour supporting block is provided with a bottom plate, the center of the bottom side of each bottom plate is provided with a positioning key matched with the machine tool workbench, the length direction of each positioning key is parallel to the axial direction of the gear shaft, the machine tool workbench is provided with a positioning guide groove which is matched with the positioning key along the fixing direction of the gear shaft, and the length direction of each guide groove is arranged along the X axis or the Y axis of the machine tool;
the angle template is a sector or isosceles triangle, the sector angle or the angle of the vertex angle of the angle template is equal to the included angle of the vertical bisection surface of the bottom of the double-key groove to be processed on the gear shaft, the angle template is arranged at the shaft end part of the key groove to be processed on the gear shaft, and the two side edges are respectively overlapped with the vertical bisection surface of the key groove to be processed;
the core rods comprise two core rods, the core rods are respectively and symmetrically clamped between tooth grooves with the same number of teeth as the reference tooth compartments, and the core rods are tightly, tightly and fixedly pressed with the tooth grooves through magnetic pressing blocks;
the dial indicator is fixed on a power head of a machine tool spindle through the magnetic fixing seat, can translate along an X axis, a Y axis or a Z axis along with the power head, and is used for correcting the positions of the angle template and the core rod so as to adjust the angle of the gear shaft on the equal-height supporting block, and the position of a key slot to be machined, which is vertical to the middle dividing surface, is horizontal or vertical.
According to the key slot processing alignment device for the double-key slot gear shaft, the equal-height supporting blocks are horizontally supported on the workbench, the locating grooves which are preset on the workbench and the locating keys at the bottom of the bottom plate of the equal-height supporting blocks are quickly assembled, the axial direction of clamping of the equal-height supporting blocks on the workbench can be ensured, the equal-height supporting can realize the horizontal installation of the gear shaft, the direction of a key slot to be processed can be aligned in advance through the angle template, the alignment processing is convenient, the dial indicator is sucked and fixed on the machine tool main shaft through the magnetic fixing seat, and the angular template guiding direction which is fixed at the gear shaft end is horizontally aligned and adjusted through the driving of the main shaft along the X axis, the Y axis or the Z axis, so that the processing direction of the gear shaft is adjusted, and the alignment positioning before the double-key slot processing on the gear shaft is realized.
In order to ensure that the gear shaft is horizontally supported on the workbench, the size and the supporting height of each group of the equal-height supporting blocks are the same, and the outer diameter sizes of the positions of the supporting gear shaft are the same.
As a preferential scheme of the invention, the contact point between the core rod and the tooth slot is positioned on the gear pitch circle after the core rod is tightly pressed and fixed with the tooth slot.
For the mounted position of the angle template at the gear shaft end of being convenient for adjust, angle template surface is equipped with the arc mounting hole of being convenient for with gear shaft end fixing, the arc centre of a circle of arc mounting hole is the summit of angle template, the circumference interval with the central pitch line of arc mounting hole with the radius is equipped with a plurality of screw on the gear shaft, and the circumference interval at adjacent screw center is less than (L-2D), and wherein L is the arc length of arc mounting hole central pitch line, and D is the radial width of arc mounting hole.
In order to be convenient for adjust the measuring angle of percentage table, be equipped with the angle between percentage table and the magnetism fixing base and roll over the linking arm for adjust the position of percentage table measuring head.
In order to achieve the purpose of accurately aligning and positioning the double key groove processing position, the invention also provides an aligning method of the key groove processing aligning device for the double key groove gear shaft, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, stably assembling a positioning key at the bottom of a bottom plate of a contour supporting block in a positioning groove of a machine tool workbench, and fixedly sucking a dial indicator on a power head of a machine tool spindle through a magnetic fixing seat;
step 2, the gear shaft is placed on the V-shaped supporting openings of the equal-height supporting blocks, the positions of the equal-height supporting blocks along the axial direction of the gear shaft are adjusted, the outer diameters of the rotating shaft positions of the supporting teeth of the V-shaped supporting openings of the two groups of equal-height supporting blocks are equal, and the axial line of the gear shaft is detected to be horizontal through the dial indicator;
step 3, taking one of the teeth as a reference tooth on the gear shaft, rotating the gear shaft to visually adjust the direction of the reference tooth to a horizontal direction, and respectively clamping and fixing the core rod in tooth grooves with the same tooth number as the reference tooth, wherein the core rod is adhered and fixed with the tooth grooves through the adsorption action of the magnetic block;
step 4, adjusting a dial indicator measuring head to enable the measuring head of the dial indicator to be horizontally aligned with the outermost edge of the horizontal direction of the core rod, driving a machine tool main shaft to drive the power head to vertically translate on the premise that the position and the angle of the dial indicator relative to the power head are fixed, alternately measuring the indication change of the outermost edges of the two core rods in the horizontal direction, rotating the trimming gear shaft direction according to the measured indication change, enabling the indication change of the outermost edges of the two core rods measured by the dial indicator to be smaller than 0.02mm, fixing the clamping position of the gear shaft on a contour supporting block through a laying auxiliary clamp, and removing the core rod, wherein the center of a reference tooth top on the gear shaft is positioned in the horizontal radial direction of the gear shaft;
step 5, fixing the angle template on the shaft end of a key slot to be machined of the gear shaft, adjusting the azimuth of the angle template to enable the vertex of the angle template to coincide with the center of the gear shaft, enabling one side edge of the angle template to be horizontal and to be positioned in the same radial azimuth with the tooth top vertical bisector of the reference tooth, and enabling the other side edge to correspond to the azimuth of another key slot to be machined;
step 6, finishing chip milling of the first key slot according to the key slot position in the horizontal direction determined in the step 5;
and step 7, releasing the clamping of the spreading clamp on the gear shaft, rotating the angle of the gear shaft to enable the other side edge of the angle template to rotate to the horizontal direction, fixing the gear shaft on the equal-height supporting block through the spreading clamp again, enabling the horizontal radial direction of the gear shaft corresponding to the horizontal side edge of the angle template to be the direction of the vertical bisection surface of the bottom of the other key slot, and starting the machine tool to finish the machining of the second key slot.
Further, in the step 2, the method for detecting that the axis of the gear shaft is horizontal through the dial indicator comprises the following steps: the position of the dial indicator is adjusted to enable the measuring head to be in contact with the highest point of the optical axis of the gear shaft, the dial indicator is driven by the power head of the machine tool spindle to translate along the axial direction of the gear shaft, and the reading variation deviation of the dial indicator is smaller than 0.02mm, so that the fact that the axial horizontal height of the gear shaft is consistent and parallel to the translation direction of the power head of the machine tool is confirmed.
In the step 3, the tooth slot position of the core rod clamping is: the included angle between the center of the clamped tooth groove and the radial direction of the center of the tooth top of the reference tooth is close to 45 ︒ tooth grooves.
In the step 5, the method for calibrating and adjusting the fixed angle template comprises the following steps: firstly, two side edges of an angle template are roughly corresponding to the positions of two key grooves to be processed by visual inspection, and the angle template is fixed through a bolt, so that one side edge of the angle template is horizontal and is positioned on the same horizontal plane with the center of the groove bottom of a reference tooth; the method for detecting and correcting adjustment is that the horizontal side edge of the angle template is measured by moving the dial indicator, so that the indication deviation of each point on the horizontal side edge measured by the dial indicator is smaller than 0.015mm, the horizontal side edge is confirmed to be horizontal, the top point is coincident with the center of the gear shaft, and at the moment, the horizontal side edge of the angle template is coincident with the center line of the bottom of the reference gear.
And milling scraps of the double-key groove by a planer milling machine.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a gear shaft of the present invention with a pre-keyed slot.
Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a keyway process alignment device for a dual-keyway gear shaft of the present application.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the calibration of the reference tooth position on the gear shaft by the core rod and dial indicator.
Fig. 4 is a schematic of the adjustment of the horizontal sides of the angle template by means of a dial indicator.
Wherein, 1 gear shaft; 101 reference teeth; 102 key slots; 103 screw holes; 201 contour support blocks; 202 a bottom plate; 203 positioning keys; 3, a power head; 4, connecting arms; 5, magnetic pressing blocks; 6 percent meter; 7, a core rod; 8 angle templates; 801 arc-shaped mounting holes; a magnetic fixing seat.
Description of the embodiments
The key groove processing alignment device for the double key groove gear shaft and the alignment method using the same according to the present invention will be described in detail below by taking the processing of the double key groove on the gear shaft shown in fig. 1 as an example. The double key grooves on the gear shaft in the following embodiments have a spacing angle alpha of 120 ︒ in the circumferential direction, wherein the groove bottom vertical bisector of one key groove coincides with the center line of the gear shaft and corresponds to the tooth top center of the reference tooth on the other side.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the double key slot machining alignment device for a double key slot gear shaft of the present embodiment is installed on a workbench of a planer type milling machine, and specifically includes a contour supporting block 201, an angle template 8, a core rod 7 and a dial indicator 6, which are installed on the workbench of the planer type milling machine.
Wherein, two groups of equal-height supporting blocks 201 are axially arranged along the gear shaft 1, each group of equal-height supporting blocks 201 is provided with a V-shaped supporting opening which is opened upwards and is used for supporting and limiting the gear shaft, so that the gear shaft 1 is prevented from moving transversely, the size and the supporting height of each group of equal-height supporting blocks 201 are the same, and the outer diameter size of the part for supporting the gear shaft 1 is the same; the bottom of the equal-height supporting block 201 is provided with a bottom plate 202, the bottom plate 202 is horizontally arranged on the workbench and is in a T-shaped stable supporting structure with the equal-height supporting block 201, the center of the bottom side of the bottom plate 202 is provided with a positioning key 203 matched with the workbench of the machine tool, the length direction of the positioning key 203 is parallel to the axial direction of the gear shaft 1, the workbench of the machine tool is provided with a positioning guide groove matched with the positioning key 203 along the fixing direction of the gear shaft 1, and the length direction of the positioning guide groove is arranged along the X axis or the Y axis of the machine tool. Thus, the positioning guide groove and the positioning key 203 at the bottom of the equal-height supporting block are arranged on the machine tool workbench in advance to realize quick positioning and assembling, and the gear shaft is supported and limited and clamped through the V-shaped supporting opening of the equal-height supporting block 201, so that the axial direction and the horizontal height of the gear shaft 1 can be quickly fixed, and the gear shaft 1 is conveniently positioned.
The angle template 8 is a sector or isosceles triangle, as shown in fig. 3, in this embodiment, the sector angle of the angle template 8 is equal to the included angle of the vertical bisection plane of the bottom of the double-key groove to be processed on the gear shaft 1, the angle template 8 is installed at the shaft end of the key groove to be processed on the gear shaft 1, and two side edges are respectively overlapped with the vertical bisection plane of the key groove to be processed, and meanwhile, the two bisection planes intersect with the central axis of the gear shaft 1, and the included angle is alpha, namely 120 ︒; for the mounted position of angle template 8 at gear shaft 1 end of being convenient for, angle template 8 surface is equipped with the arc mounting hole 801 of being convenient for with gear shaft 1 end fixed, the arc centre of a circle of this arc mounting hole 801 is the central summit of angle template 1, the circumference interval of the central pitch line with radius with arc mounting hole 801 on the gear shaft 1 is equipped with a plurality of screw 103, for the installation angle of being convenient for rotate adjusting gear shaft 1, the circumference interval at adjacent screw 103 center is less than (L-2D), wherein L is the arc length of arc mounting hole central pitch line, D is the radial width of arc mounting hole.
In this embodiment, two core rods 7 are symmetrically clamped between tooth grooves with the same number of teeth as the partition teeth of the reference tooth 101, and when the radial size of the core rod is designed, the diameter size of the core rod is calculated according to the parameters of the gear, so that the contact point between the core rod 7 and the tooth profile of the tooth groove is located near the reference circle of the gear after the core rod 7 is tightly pressed and fixed with the tooth groove, and the core rod 7 is tightly sealed and pressed and fixed with the tooth groove through a magnetic pressing block 5.
In the implementation, the dial indicator 6 is fixed on a power head of a machine tool spindle through a magnetic fixing seat 9, and can translate along an X axis, a Y axis or a Z axis along with the power head, so as to calibrate the positions of the angle template 8 and the core rod 7, and adjust the angle of the gear shaft 1 on the equal-height supporting block 201, so that the position of a key slot to be processed vertical to a middle split surface is horizontal or vertical; in order to facilitate the adjustment of the measuring angle of the dial indicator 7 relative to the measured object, an angle-foldable connecting arm 4 is arranged between the dial indicator 7 and the magnetic fixing seat 9 and used for adjusting the position of the measuring head of the dial indicator 7.
According to the key groove processing alignment device for the double-key groove gear shaft, the equal-height supporting block 201 is horizontally supported on the workbench, the locating groove preset on the workbench is quickly assembled with the locating key 203 at the bottom of the bottom plate of the equal-height supporting block 201, the axial direction of clamping of the equal-height supporting block 201 on the workbench can be ensured, the horizontal installation of the gear shaft 1 is realized through equal-height support, the direction of a key groove 102 to be processed can be aligned in advance through the angle template 8, the alignment processing is facilitated, the dial indicator 6 is fixedly absorbed on a machine tool spindle through the magnetic fixing seat 9, the indexing direction of the angle template 8 fixed at the end part of the gear shaft 1 is calibrated by driving the dial indicator 6 to translate along the X axis, the Y axis or the Z axis through the spindle, and therefore the processing direction of the gear shaft 1 is adjusted, and the alignment positioning before the double-key groove processing on the gear shaft is realized.
Example 2
This embodiment further describes, on the basis of embodiment 1, an alignment method when a double key groove of a specific angle on a gear shaft as shown in fig. 1 is machined on a planer type milling machine using the key groove machining alignment device for a double key groove gear of embodiment 1,
the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, firstly, installing a contour supporting block 1, stably assembling a positioning key 203 at the bottom of a bottom plate of the contour supporting block in a positioning groove of a machine tool workbench, and sucking and fixing a dial indicator 6 on a power head 3 of a machine tool spindle through a magnetic fixing seat 9;
step 2, mounting the gear shaft 1, placing the gear shaft 1 on a V-shaped supporting opening of the equal-height supporting block 201, adjusting the position of the equal-height supporting block 201 along the axial direction of the gear shaft 1 to ensure that the outer diameters of the positions of the V-shaped supporting openings of the two groups of equal-height supporting blocks 1 for supporting the gear shaft 1 are equal, so that equal-height supporting of the gear shaft 1 can be realized, and detecting whether the axis of the gear shaft 1 is horizontal or not through a dial indicator 6 for verifying whether the gear shaft 1 is horizontal or not; the specific method comprises the following steps: in this embodiment, the axial supporting direction of the gear shaft on the workbench is parallel to the X-axis, so when detecting whether the gear shaft 1 is parallel to the X-axis, the position of the dial indicator 6 is adjusted to make the measuring head contact with the highest point of the optical axis of the gear shaft 1, and the dial indicator 7 is driven by the power head 3 of the machine spindle along the X-axis direction
That is, when the deviation of the reading change of the dial indicator 6 is smaller than 0.02mm, the axial horizontal height of the gear shaft 1 is confirmed to be consistent and parallel to the translation direction of the machine tool power head 3, namely the X-axis direction.
Step 3, adjusting the angle of the gear shaft, taking one of the teeth as a reference tooth 101 on the gear shaft 1, rotating the gear shaft 1 to adjust the direction of the reference tooth 101 to a horizontal direction by visual inspection, respectively clamping core rods 7 in tooth grooves with the same tooth number as the reference tooth 1, and attaching and clamping the core rods 7 with the tooth grooves through the adsorption action of a magnetic pressing block; in order to reduce measurement errors, the tooth slot position of the core rod 7 is: the included angle between the center of the clamped tooth groove and the center of the tooth crest of the reference tooth 101 is close to 45 ︒ relative to the radial direction of the gear shaft 1, namely after the core rods 7 are pressed and fixed in the tooth groove, the included angle between the centers of the two core rods 7 in the same shaft end face and the connecting line of the center of the gear shaft 1 is close to 90 ︒, so that the consistency of the measured readings is best when the dial indicator 6 moves up and down to measure whether the outer side edges of the core rods 7 are in the same vertical direction;
step 4, the position of the power head is horizontally adjusted along the Y axis or Z, the folding angle of the connecting arm 4 is also adjusted, the measuring head of the dial indicator 6 is horizontally aligned with the outermost edge of the core rod 7 in the horizontal direction, then the position of the dial indicator 6 relative to the power head 9 and the angle of the connecting arm 4 are kept unchanged, the machine tool main shaft is driven to drive the power head 3 to vertically translate, the change of the readings of the outermost edges of the two core rods 7 in the horizontal direction is alternately measured, the direction of the fine adjustment gear shaft 3 is rotated according to the measured change of the readings, the change of the readings of the outermost edges of the two core rods 7 measured by the dial indicator 6 is smaller than 0.02mm, so that it can be confirmed that the upper core rod 7 and the lower core rod 7 are in the same vertical direction, at the moment, the vertical middle-dividing surface of the tooth tops of the reference tooth 101 is the symmetrical center of the two core rods 7, the reference tooth 101 is confirmed to be in the horizontal direction, and then the clamping position of the gear shaft 1 on the equal-height supporting block 201 is fixed through a paving fixture, and the core rod 7 can be removed; so far, the adjustment of the angle of the gear shaft 1 at the stage is completed;
step 5, fixing the angle template 8 on the shaft end of the key slot 102 to be machined of the gear shaft 1, adjusting the position of the angle template 8 to enable the top point of the angle template to coincide with the central shaft of the gear shaft 1, enabling one side edge of the angle template 8 to be horizontal in a visual sense, enabling the side edge to be perpendicular to the tooth top bisector of the reference tooth 102 to be in the same radial position, and enabling the other side edge to correspond to the other key slot position to be machined;
step 6, milling the first key slot according to the key slot position in the horizontal direction determined in the step 5; in this step, the method for calibrating the fixed angle template 8 is as follows: as shown in fig. 4, two sides of the angle template 8 are first visually inspected to approximately correspond to the positions of two key grooves to be machined, and the angle template 8 is fixed at the shaft end of the gear shaft 1 through one bolt, so that one side of the angle template 8 is horizontal and is positioned on the same horizontal plane with the vertical central plane of the tooth top of the reference tooth 101. The specific detection and calibration method comprises the following steps: the angle of the connecting arm 4 is adjusted, the measuring head of the dial indicator 6 is aligned with the side edge of the horizontal direction, the horizontal side edge of the angle template 8 is measured by moving the dial indicator 6 along the Y axis, the indication deviation of each point on the horizontal side edge measured by the dial indicator is smaller than 0.015mm, so that the horizontal side edge is confirmed to be horizontal, the vertex is overlapped with the center of the gear shaft 1, and at the moment, the horizontal side edge of the angle template 8 is overlapped with the tooth top vertical middle-dividing surface of the reference tooth 101 on the same horizontal plane;
and 7, releasing the clamping of the spreading clamp on the gear shaft 1, rotating the angle of the gear shaft 1, rotating the other side edge of the angle template 8 to the horizontal direction by the method of correcting the horizontal edge in the previous step, fixing the gear shaft 1 on the equal-height supporting block 201 again by the spreading clamp, wherein the horizontal radial direction of the gear shaft 1 corresponding to the horizontal side edge of the angle template 8 is the direction of the vertical bisection surface of the bottom of the other key groove, and starting the machine tool to finish the processing of the second key groove.
The key groove processing alignment device for the double-key groove gear shaft and the alignment method thereof are not limited to the two embodiments, and the method for adjusting the key groove position to be processed to the horizontal position convenient for accurate processing can be a vertical position method of course, and belongs to the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A keyway processing alignment device for two keyway gear shafts, characterized by comprising
The machine tool comprises a machine tool workbench, wherein the machine tool workbench is provided with a gear shaft, two groups of contour supporting blocks are axially arranged along the gear shaft, each group of contour supporting blocks is provided with a V-shaped supporting opening which is opened upwards, the bottom of each contour supporting block is provided with a bottom plate, the center of the bottom side of each bottom plate is provided with a positioning key matched with the machine tool workbench, the length direction of each positioning key is parallel to the axial direction of the gear shaft, the machine tool workbench is provided with a positioning guide groove which is matched with the positioning key along the fixing direction of the gear shaft, and the length direction of each guide groove is arranged along the X axis or the Y axis of the machine tool;
the angle template is a sector or isosceles triangle, the angle of the sector or vertex angle of the angle template is equal to the included angle of the vertical bisection surface of the bottom of the double key groove to be processed on the gear shaft, the angle template is arranged at the shaft end part of the key groove to be processed on the gear shaft, the orientation of the angle template is adjusted to enable the vertex of the angle template to coincide with the center of the gear shaft, the two side edges respectively coincide with the vertical bisection surface of the key groove to be processed, meanwhile, one side edge of the angle template is horizontal and is positioned in the same radial orientation with the vertical bisection surface of the tooth top of the reference tooth, and the other side edge corresponds to the key groove to be processed;
the core rods comprise two core rods, the core rods are respectively and symmetrically clamped between tooth grooves with the same number of teeth as the reference tooth compartments, and the core rods are tightly, tightly and fixedly pressed with the tooth grooves through magnetic pressing blocks; the contact point between the core rod and the tooth slot is positioned on the gear pitch circle after the core rod is tightly pressed with the tooth slot;
the dial indicator is fixed on a power head of a machine tool spindle through the magnetic fixing seat, can translate along an X axis, a Y axis or a Y axis along with the power head, and is used for correcting the positions of the angle template and the core rod so as to adjust the angle of the gear shaft on the equal-height supporting block, and the position of a key slot to be machined, which is vertical to the middle dividing surface, is horizontal or vertical.
2. The spline process alignment apparatus for a dual spline gear shaft according to claim 1, wherein each set of the contour support blocks has the same size and support height, and the outer diameter dimensions of the support gear shaft portions are the same.
3. The key slot machining alignment device for the double-key slot gear shaft according to claim 1, wherein the surface of the angle template is provided with an arc-shaped mounting hole which is convenient to fix with the end part of the gear shaft, the arc center of the arc-shaped mounting hole is the top point of the angle template, a plurality of screw holes are arranged on the gear shaft at circumferential intervals with the same radius as the central arc of the arc-shaped mounting hole, the circumferential spacing between the centers of adjacent screw holes is smaller than (L-2D), L is the arc length of the central arc of the arc-shaped mounting hole, and D is the radial width of the arc-shaped mounting hole.
4. The alignment device for keyway processing of a double keyway gear shaft as claimed in claim 1, wherein an angularly foldable connecting arm is provided between the dial indicator and the magnetic fixing base for adjusting the position of the dial indicator measuring head.
5. An alignment method using the key way processing alignment device for a double key way gear shaft according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:
step 1, stably assembling a positioning key at the bottom of a bottom plate of a contour supporting block in a positioning groove of a machine tool workbench, and fixedly sucking a dial indicator on a power head of a machine tool spindle through a magnetic fixing seat;
step 2, the gear shaft is placed on the V-shaped supporting openings of the equal-height supporting blocks, the positions of the equal-height supporting blocks along the axial direction of the gear shaft are adjusted, the outer diameters of the rotating shaft positions of the supporting teeth of the V-shaped supporting openings of the two groups of equal-height supporting blocks are equal, and the axial line of the gear shaft is detected to be horizontal through the dial indicator;
step 3, taking one of the teeth as a reference tooth on the gear shaft, rotating the gear shaft to visually adjust the direction of the reference tooth to a horizontal direction, and respectively clamping and fixing the core rod in tooth grooves with the same tooth number as the reference tooth, wherein the core rod is adhered and fixed with the tooth grooves through the adsorption action of the magnetic block;
step 4, adjusting a dial indicator measuring head to enable the measuring head of the dial indicator to be horizontally aligned with the outermost edge of the horizontal direction of the core rod, driving a machine tool main shaft to drive the power head to vertically translate on the premise that the position and the angle of the dial indicator relative to the power head are fixed, alternately measuring the indication change of the outermost edges of the two core rods in the horizontal direction, rotating the trimming gear shaft direction according to the measured indication change, enabling the indication change of the outermost edges of the two core rods measured by the dial indicator to be smaller than 0.02mm, fixing the clamping position of the gear shaft on a contour supporting block through a laying auxiliary clamp, and removing the core rod, wherein the center of a reference tooth top on the gear shaft is positioned in the horizontal radial direction of the gear shaft;
step 5, fixing the angle template on the shaft end of a key slot to be machined of the gear shaft, adjusting the azimuth of the angle template to enable the top point of the angle template to coincide with the center of the gear shaft, enabling one side edge of the angle template to be horizontal and to be positioned in the same radial azimuth with the tooth top vertical bisector of the reference tooth, and enabling the other side edge to correspond to the other key slot to be machined;
step 6, finishing the processing of the first key slot according to the key slot position in the horizontal direction determined in the step 5;
and step 7, releasing the clamping of the spreading clamp on the gear shaft, rotating the angle of the gear shaft to enable the other side edge of the angle template to rotate to the horizontal direction, fixing the gear shaft on the equal-height supporting block through the spreading clamp again, enabling the horizontal radial direction of the gear shaft corresponding to the horizontal side edge of the angle template to be the direction of the vertical bisection surface of the bottom of the other key slot, and starting the machine tool to finish the machining of the second key slot.
6. The alignment method of the key way processing alignment device for the double key way gear shaft according to claim 5, wherein in the step 2, the method of detecting that the axis of the gear shaft is horizontal by the dial indicator is as follows: the position of the dial indicator is adjusted to enable the measuring head to be in contact with the highest point of the optical axis of the gear shaft, the dial indicator is driven by the power head of the machine tool spindle to translate along the axial direction of the gear shaft, and the reading variation deviation of the dial indicator is smaller than 0.02mm, so that the fact that the axial horizontal height of the gear shaft is consistent and parallel to the translation direction of the power head of the machine tool is confirmed.
7. The aligning method of the key slot machining aligning device for the double-key-slot gear shaft according to claim 5, wherein in the step 3, the center of the key slot clamped by the core rod is radially positioned in the tooth slot with an included angle close to 45 ︒ with the center of the tooth top of the reference tooth.
8. The alignment method for the key way processing alignment device of the double-key way gear shaft according to claim 5, wherein in the step 5, the method for calibrating the fixed angle template is as follows: firstly, two side edges of an angle template are roughly corresponding to the positions of two key grooves to be processed by visual inspection, and the angle template is fixed through a bolt, so that one side edge of the angle template is horizontal and is positioned on the same horizontal plane with the tooth top center of a reference tooth; the method for detecting and correcting adjustment is that the horizontal side edge of the angle template is measured by moving the dial indicator, so that the indication deviation of each point on the horizontal side edge measured by the dial indicator is smaller than 0.015mm, the horizontal side edge is confirmed to be horizontal, the top point is coincident with the center of the gear shaft, and at the moment, the horizontal side edge of the angle template is coincident with the top center line of the reference tooth on the same horizontal plane.
9. The alignment method of the alignment device for machining of the double key groove gear shaft key groove according to claim 5, wherein the double key groove is machined by a planer type milling machine.
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