CN115993641B - Method for extracting passive source surface wave dispersion curve - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for extracting a passive source surface wave dispersion curve, and relates to the field of passive source surface wave exploration of metal ore earthquakes; the method comprises the following steps: acquiring a surface wave data set on a target survey line; performing frequency domain conversion on the surface wave data set to obtain a plurality of groups of power spectrum data; calculating the cross correlation of the power spectrum of the seismic source and the power spectrum of the node in each group of power spectrum data to obtain a plurality of groups of seismic record data; performing time domain conversion on each group of seismic record data to obtain a plurality of groups of seismic data; carrying out radon transformation and frequency domain transformation on each group of seismic data to obtain a plurality of surface wave spectrum data; for any one of the surface wave frequency spectrum data, determining the maximum value of a plurality of related seismic wave energies as a value of a surface wave phase velocity corresponding to the frequency; drawing a surface wave dispersion curve according to the values of the surface wave phase velocities; the invention can realize the extraction of the dispersion curve under the condition of non-uniform or irregular array arrangement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of passive source surface wave exploration of metal ore earthquakes, in particular to a method for extracting a passive source surface wave dispersion curve.
Background
Compared with active source seismic exploration, the passive source seismic exploration of metal ores has the advantages of low cost, capability of exploration in urban areas of villages and towns and the like. One of the key problems of passive source surface wave exploration is how to extract dispersion curves from the acquired surface wave data. The space autocorrelation method (SPAC method) and the frequency-wave number method (F-K method) are two types of dispersion curve pickup methods mainly adopted in passive source surface wave exploration at present. The spatial autocorrelation method mainly arranges a circular or triangular detector array, and then, because of the influence of some conditions, some irregular, L-shaped and linear shapes are also innovated. The data processing flow of the method comprises the following steps: the spatial autocorrelation coefficients of the detectors on all receiving points are calculated, and a dispersion curve of the surface wave phase velocity is obtained through a relation between the spatial autocorrelation coefficients and the first zero-order Bezier function. The frequency-wave number method is to determine an accurate dispersion curve by peaks in a frequency spectrum on the assumption that the data are basically surface waves.
Although the array arrangement of the method is flexible, the number of arranged measuring points is large, more detectors are required, the detectors are required to be uniformly distributed on a detection area, and the track pitches of the detectors are different. Therefore, during field actual data acquisition, due to the obstruction of topography and topography, detectors cannot be completely arranged in a theoretically required mode, and the extraction result is greatly error caused by unequal spatial arrangement.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for extracting a passive source surface wave dispersion curve, which can realize the extraction of the dispersion curve under the condition of non-uniform or irregular array arrangement.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:
a method of extracting a passive source surface wave dispersion curve, the method comprising:
Acquiring a surface wave data set on a target survey line; the target survey line is provided with a seismic source and N nodes; the face wave data set includes: n sets of face wave data; a set of face wave data corresponding to one of the nodes; the face wave data each include: the location of the source, the location of the node, the energy of the seismic wave at the source and the energy of the seismic wave at the node; the surface wave data set is determined according to the shot set data;
performing frequency domain conversion on the surface wave data set to obtain a plurality of groups of power spectrum data; the power spectrum data includes: a power spectrum of the seismic source and a power spectrum of the node;
Calculating the cross correlation of the power spectrum of the seismic source and the power spectrum of the node in each group of the power spectrum data to obtain a plurality of groups of seismic record data; the seismic record data includes correlated seismic wave energy between a source and a node;
performing time domain conversion on each group of the seismic record data to obtain a plurality of groups of seismic data;
carrying out radon transformation and frequency domain conversion on each group of seismic data to obtain a plurality of surface wave spectrum data; each of said surface wave spectral data comprising a frequency and a corresponding plurality of said associated seismic wave energies;
For any of the surface wave spectrum data, determining the maximum value of a plurality of related seismic wave energies in the surface wave spectrum data as a value of a surface wave phase velocity corresponding to the frequency in the surface wave spectrum data;
And drawing a surface wave dispersion curve according to a plurality of values of the surface wave phase velocity.
Optionally, the performing frequency domain conversion on the surface wave data set to obtain multiple groups of power spectrum data specifically includes:
filtering the surface wave data set to obtain a filtered surface wave data set;
and carrying out Fourier transform on the filtered surface wave data set to obtain a plurality of groups of power spectrum data.
Optionally, the calculation formula of the cross-correlation is:
Wherein, Representing the real part of the seismic record data; /(I)Fourier transform as a time domain green's function G (x A,xB, ω); ρ is the mass density; c is the propagation velocity of the seismic wave; /(I)A power spectrum for the seismic source; /(I)Power spectrum for the node; the </is the overall average of the space,/>Is power spectrum data; /(I)Transpose the power spectrum of the seismic source; omega is the angular velocity of vibration; x A is the location of the source; x B is the position of the node.
Optionally, the calculation formula of the radon transform is:
Where ρ is the slope, τ is the intercept, u (t, x) is the seismic data, and u (τ, p) is the data obtained by radon transform of the seismic data.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects:
The embodiment of the application provides a method for extracting a passive source surface wave dispersion curve, which is used for obtaining a plurality of groups of power spectrum data by carrying out frequency domain conversion on an obtained surface wave data group on a target survey line; calculating the cross correlation of the power spectrum of the seismic source and the power spectrum of the node in each group of power spectrum data to obtain a plurality of groups of seismic record data; performing time domain conversion on each group of seismic record data to obtain a plurality of groups of seismic data; carrying out radon transformation and frequency domain conversion on each group of seismic data to obtain a plurality of surface wave spectrum data; for any one of the surface wave frequency spectrum data, determining the maximum value of a plurality of related seismic wave energies in the surface wave frequency spectrum data as the value of the surface wave phase velocity corresponding to the frequency in the surface wave frequency spectrum data; according to the method, the surface wave dispersion curve is drawn according to the values of the surface wave phase velocities, and the requirement of equal layout is avoided in the process of extracting the surface wave dispersion curve through cross-correlation calculation and various transformations, so that the problem of space aliasing can be well suppressed, and the acquired data has higher robustness in the environment of processing topography and terrain, so that the method can realize the extraction of the dispersion curve under the condition of non-uniform or irregular array arrangement.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for extracting a passive source surface wave dispersion curve according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of calculated time domain seismic data provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a computed time domain seismic data cut-out provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the energy of the spectrum of the surface wave dispersion according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the surface dispersion provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of shot gather data according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention aims to provide a method for extracting a passive source surface wave dispersion curve, which can realize the extraction of the dispersion curve under the condition of non-uniform or irregular array arrangement.
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for extracting a passive source surface wave dispersion curve, where the method includes:
Step 100: acquiring a surface wave data set on a target survey line; a seismic source and N nodes are arranged on the target survey line; the face wave data set includes: n sets of face wave data; one group of face wave data corresponds to one node; the face wave data all include: the location of the source, the location of the node, the energy of the seismic wave at the source and the energy of the seismic wave at the node; the face wave data set is determined from the shot gather data. A schematic drawing of the shot gather data is shown in fig. 6. The surface wave data set on the target line is measured by a plurality of detectors, and the surface wave data set is surface wave data including seismic wave energy continuously received for a period of time. The survey acquisition means of the surface wave dataset is a survey based on passive source earthquakes.
Step 200: performing frequency domain conversion on the surface wave data set to obtain a plurality of groups of power spectrum data; power spectrum data, comprising: a power spectrum of the source and a power spectrum of the node.
The step 200 specifically includes:
And filtering the surface wave data set to obtain a filtered surface wave data set.
And the surface wave data set is intercepted in a certain period of time, and then the preprocessing operations such as filtering and denoising are carried out to obtain the filtered surface wave data set.
And carrying out Fourier transform on the filtered surface wave data set to obtain a plurality of groups of power spectrum data.
The calculation formula of the fourier transform at this time is:
Wherein F (ω) is power spectrum data; f (t) is filtered shot gather data.
Step 300: and calculating the cross correlation of the power spectrum of the seismic source and the power spectrum of the node in each group of power spectrum data to obtain a plurality of groups of seismic record data. The seismic record data includes correlated seismic wave energy between the source and the node.
The calculation formula of the cross-correlation calculation is as follows:
Wherein, Representing the real part of the seismic record data; /(I)Fourier transform as a time domain green's function G (x A,xB, ω); ρ is the mass density; c is the propagation velocity of the seismic wave; /(I)A power spectrum for the seismic source; /(I)Power spectrum for the node; the </is the overall average of the space,/>Is power spectrum data; /(I)Transpose the power spectrum of the seismic source; omega is the angular velocity of vibration; x A is the location of the source; x B is the position of the node. /(I)And/>Is the product of the associated seismic wave energy. In addition, refer to transposed computation of vectors.
Step 400: and performing time domain conversion on each group of seismic record data to obtain a plurality of groups of seismic data.
Step 500: carrying out radon transformation and frequency domain conversion on each group of seismic data to obtain a plurality of surface wave spectrum data; each of the face wave spectral data includes a frequency and a corresponding plurality of associated seismic wave energies.
Step 600: for any one of the surface wave spectrum data, a maximum value of a plurality of relevant seismic wave energies in the surface wave spectrum data is determined as a value of a surface wave phase velocity corresponding to a frequency in the surface wave spectrum data.
I.e. the seismic data P in the time domain is transformed into the Radon domain by Radon transform (Radon transform). The calculation formula of the radon transform is:
Where ρ is the slope, τ is the intercept, u (t, x) is the seismic data, and u (τ, p) is the data obtained by radon transform of the seismic data. The data in fig. 2 is Radon domain seismic data. The data were then simply excised in the Radon domain as shown in fig. 3. In the above formula, x is a seismic trace corresponding to seismic data, and t is time.
Specifically, τ -p domain data is converted to τ -v domain using the relationship v=1/p. Recorded as u (τ, v).
And carrying out Fourier transform on the obtained tau-v domain data along the time direction to obtain f-v domain data. The calculation formula of the fourier transform here is:
Where ω=2pi f, and thus a surface wave dispersion spectrum energy map can be obtained as shown in fig. 4. In the spectrum of the surface wave dispersion energy, the maximum value of the energy corresponding to any frequency is the value of the phase velocity of the surface wave.
Step 700: and drawing a surface wave dispersion curve according to the values of the surface wave phase velocities. Namely, a plurality of values of the surface wave phase velocity are sequentially connected to obtain a surface wave dispersion curve. FIG. 5 shows the V R -f dispersion curve of the surface wave. In practical application, the dispersion curve can be connected with the depth of the target measuring line to obtain the underground speed attribute of the seismic wave at the single node position, so that the structure or the material distribution condition of the underground material can be detected. If the dispersion curve is applied to metal ore exploration, the internal structure of the metal ore and the distribution condition of each metal can be obtained finally.
The invention has been applied to data testing, where the data contains 30 lanes and the sampling time is 4s. The invention does not adopt the conventional space autocorrelation method and frequency-wave number method to extract the passive source surface wave dispersion curve, and changes the method into the method that firstly, reconstruction interference is carried out on shot set data acquired by a detector, and then, after sparse Radon transformation is carried out on a reconstructed wave field, a dispersion curve is extracted from a surface wave dispersion energy spectrogram. The method avoids the requirement that the spatial autocorrelation method and the frequency-wave number method need to be equally arranged in space for the detectors, and simultaneously, compared with the frequency-wave number method, the method can better suppress the problem of spatial aliasing, and compared with the conventional method, the method has higher robustness when processing the acquired data under the environment with special topography. The invention can carry out wave field separation under the condition of non-uniform sampling or irregular observation system, thereby solving the problem of extracting a dispersion curve when the array is unevenly arranged in the actual data acquisition process of passive source surface wave exploration.
In the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described in a different point from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to refer to each other.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein with reference to specific examples, the description of which is intended only to assist in understanding the methods of the present invention and the core ideas thereof; also, it is within the scope of the present invention to be modified by those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the present teachings. In view of the foregoing, this description should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method of extracting a passive source surface wave dispersion curve, the method comprising:
Acquiring a surface wave data set on a target survey line; the target survey line is provided with a seismic source and N nodes; the face wave data set includes: n sets of face wave data; a set of face wave data corresponding to one of the nodes; the face wave data each include: the location of the source, the location of the node, the energy of the seismic wave at the source and the energy of the seismic wave at the node; the surface wave data set is determined according to the shot set data;
performing frequency domain conversion on the surface wave data set to obtain a plurality of groups of power spectrum data; the power spectrum data includes: a power spectrum of the seismic source and a power spectrum of the node;
Calculating the cross correlation of the power spectrum of the seismic source and the power spectrum of the node in each group of the power spectrum data to obtain a plurality of groups of seismic record data; the seismic record data includes correlated seismic wave energy between a source and a node;
performing time domain conversion on each group of the seismic record data to obtain a plurality of groups of seismic data;
carrying out radon transformation and frequency domain conversion on each group of seismic data to obtain a plurality of surface wave spectrum data; each of said surface wave spectral data comprising a frequency and a corresponding plurality of said associated seismic wave energies;
For any of the surface wave spectrum data, determining the maximum value of a plurality of related seismic wave energies in the surface wave spectrum data as a value of a surface wave phase velocity corresponding to the frequency in the surface wave spectrum data;
And drawing a surface wave dispersion curve according to a plurality of values of the surface wave phase velocity.
2. The method for extracting a passive source surface wave dispersion curve according to claim 1, wherein the performing frequency domain conversion on the surface wave data set to obtain multiple sets of power spectrum data specifically includes:
filtering the surface wave data set to obtain a filtered surface wave data set;
and carrying out Fourier transform on the filtered surface wave data set to obtain a plurality of groups of power spectrum data.
3. The method for extracting a passive source surface wave dispersion curve according to claim 1, wherein the calculation formula of the cross correlation is:
Wherein, Representing the real part of the seismic record data; /(I)Fourier transform as a time domain green's function G (x A,xB, ω); ρ is the mass density; c is the propagation velocity of the seismic wave; /(I)A power spectrum for the seismic source; /(I)Power spectrum for the node; the </is the overall average of the space,/>Is power spectrum data; /(I)Transpose the power spectrum of the seismic source; omega is the angular velocity of vibration; x A is the location of the source; x B is the position of the node.
4. The method for extracting a passive source surface wave dispersion curve according to claim 1, wherein the calculation formula of the radon transform is:
Where ρ is the slope, τ is the intercept, u (t, x) is the seismic data, and u (τ, p) is the data obtained by radon transform of the seismic data.
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| Wakata 等.JOURNAL OF OCEANOGRAPHY.2007,第63卷(第3期),第483-490页. * |
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