CN108693560B - Scattered wave imaging method and system based on cross-correlation channel - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a scattered wave imaging method and system based on cross-correlation channels. The method comprises the following steps: inputting a seismic data gather, a velocity model and initialized imaging parameters; forward calculating the travel time from the wave detection point to the imaging point; converting the seismic data gather into a cross-correlation gather; performing scattered wave imaging by using the cross-correlation channel set; and outputting the scattered wave imaging result. According to the technical scheme, the scale of the data channel set is expanded by utilizing the cross-correlation channel set, and low signal-to-noise ratio data imaging is facilitated. In addition, the influence of the path from the shot point to the scattering point is eliminated based on the related scattered wave imaging method, and the influence of the speed model error on the scattered wave imaging precision is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of seismic exploration, relates to the field of data processing (microseism data, VSP (vertical seismic profiling) data, ground seismic data and the like), and particularly relates to a method and a system for performing scattered wave imaging by utilizing cross-correlation channel data.
Background
Small-scale geological target bodies such as faults, cracks (seams) and holes in the stratum are common oil and gas migration channels and reservoirs, and have important significance for oil and gas exploration. The scattered wave energy reflects important information about these anomalies of subsurface media. Accurate imaging of scattered waves is key to improving the imaging of these geological anomalies. Therefore, it is necessary to protect scattered wave information and accurately image the scattered wave information in seismic data processing, and research on methods for improving diffracted wave imaging effects is increasingly emphasized by researchers.
Scattered waves and reflected waves can be processed without separation, and scattered wave field imaging is generally carried out by using a pre-stack migration method such as kirchhoff migration and wave equation migration. In addition, in order to effectively identify the small-scale abnormal body on the seismic imaging section, the reflection wave field and the diffraction wave field can be separated based on the kinematic characteristic difference of the reflection wave and the scattering wave, and then the diffraction wave field is imaged, so that the target imaging of the reinforced diffraction body is realized. Whether scattered wave separation is carried out or not, the scattered wave imaging method is greatly influenced by the offset velocity model; when the geological structure is complex, the effect of scattered wave imaging is restricted because a good offset velocity model cannot be obtained.
Therefore, there is a need in the art for a better scattered wave imaging method.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to introduce a method for performing scattered wave imaging by using cross-correlation channel data aiming at the problem of scattered wave imaging. Compared with the traditional pre-stack migration method such as kirchhoff migration, the method achieves the purpose of reducing the influence of the speed model error on the scattered wave imaging precision without calculating the travel from the shot point to the scattering point.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a scattered wave imaging method based on cross-correlation channels, the method comprising: inputting a seismic data gather, a velocity model and initialized imaging parameters; forward calculating the travel time from the wave detection point to the imaging point; converting the seismic data gather into a cross-correlation gather; performing scattered wave imaging by using the cross-correlation channel set; and outputting the scattered wave imaging result.
Optionally, calculating the trip from the demodulator point to the imaging point comprises:
travel time from the demodulator probe to all the imaging points is calculated by using the coordinates of the demodulator probe and the imaging range of the seismic data gather and by using a travel time correction algorithm (such as two-point ray tracing or a solution function equation algorithm).
Further, converting the seismic data gather into a cross-correlation gather includes:
reading in a seismic data gather, wherein the number of data tracks in the gather is N;
for the ith track, obtaining a cross-correlation function between the jth track and the ith track, wherein i is 1, 2.
Changing the value of i, and repeatedly obtaining the cross-correlation function between the jth data channel and the ith data channel until the cross-correlation function between any two channels is calculated, so as to obtain a cross-correlation channel set.
Alternatively, using formula cij(t)＝∫si(τ)·sj(τ + t) d τ to obtain the cross-correlation function between the jth data track and the ith data track, wherein cij(t) represents the cross-correlation gather, si(t) and sj(t) represents the ith and jth traces of seismic data, respectively.
Further, the scattered wave imaging using the cross-correlation gather includes:
reading in any one of the cross-correlation data cij(t) determining the coordinates r of two detectors of the seismic data from which the cross-correlation trace data was generatediAnd rj；
Calculating the travel time difference delta t between any imaging point x and two detectors in the imaging rangeij(x)；
For any imaging point x, using the calculated travel time difference Δ tij(x) Extracting sampling point values of corresponding moments in the cross-correlation data channels;
multiplying the sample point value by the amplitude correction factor 1/(r)i-x)(rj-x), outputting and superimposing at the imaging point x;
and repeating the steps until all data tracks in the relevant track set are calculated.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a scattered wave imaging system based on cross-correlation traces, the system comprising:
a memory storing seismic data gathers, a velocity model, initialization imaging parameters, and executable instructions;
a processor, the processor calling the data stored in the memory, executing the executable instructions to accomplish the following steps:
forward calculating the travel time from the wave detection point to the imaging point;
converting the seismic data gather into a cross-correlation gather;
performing scattered wave imaging by using the cross-correlation channel set;
and outputting the scattered wave imaging result.
According to the technical scheme, the scale of the data channel set is expanded by utilizing the cross-correlation channel set, and low signal-to-noise ratio data imaging is facilitated. In addition, the influence of the path from the shot point to the scattering point is eliminated based on the related scattered wave imaging method, and the influence of the speed model error on the scattered wave imaging precision is reduced.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the detailed description which follows.
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The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by describing in more detail exemplary embodiments thereof with reference to the attached drawings, in which like reference numerals generally represent like parts throughout.
Figure 1 shows a flow chart of the steps of the method.
FIG. 2 shows a flow chart for scattered wave imaging using cross-correlated gathers, according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the result of single scattering point model imaging according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While the preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present invention may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein.
The invention belongs to the field of seismic data processing, and particularly relates to a method for performing scattered wave imaging by using cross-correlation channel data. The travel time of a scattered wavefield as it is excited by a shot point and scattered by the scattering point to a receiver point may be expressed as the sum of the travel time of the wavefield from the shot point to the scattering point and the travel time of the wavefield from the scattering point to the receiver point. When two paths of seismic data are subjected to cross correlation, the influence of travel time of a wave field from a shot point to a scattering point is eliminated; the cross-correlation trace also retains travel time information from the scattered wave. Therefore, the invention provides a scattered wave imaging method based on a cross-correlation gather, which eliminates the influence of a path from a shot point to a scattered point based on related scattered wave imaging, reduces the influence of a speed model error on the scattered wave imaging precision, and is beneficial to scattered wave imaging under low speed model precision.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, there is provided a scattered wave imaging method based on cross-correlation channels, the method including: inputting a seismic data gather, a velocity model and initialized imaging parameters; forward calculating the travel time from the wave detection point to the imaging point; converting the seismic data gather into a cross-correlation gather; performing scattered wave imaging by using the cross-correlation channel set; and outputting the scattered wave imaging result.
In the imaging method, the velocity model is a known condition, is given before imaging, and the initial imaging parameters can comprise an imaging range, an imaging aperture and the like.
Calculating travel time from the demodulator probe to all imaging points by using the coordinates and imaging range of the demodulator probe of the seismic data gather and a travel time correction algorithm (such as two-point ray tracing or a solution function equation algorithm); the calculated travel time will be used in subsequent cross-correlated gather imaging.
Optionally, the seismic gathers are converted into cross-correlation gathers, and the cross-correlation gathers also contain travel time information from the scattered waves. The specific steps for converting the seismic data gather into the cross-correlation gather are as follows:
reading in a seismic data gather, wherein the number of data tracks in the gather is N;
for the ith track (i ═ 1, 2.., N-1), the jth track (j ═ i +1, i + 2.., N) and the cross-correlation function (c) between the jth track and the jth track are obtainedij(t)＝∫si(τ)·sj(τ+t)dτ)；si(t) and sj(t) represents the ith and jth traces of seismic data, respectively.
Repeating the steps until the cross-correlation function between any two channels is calculated, and finally obtaining a cross-correlation channel set cij(t)。
Next, scattered wave imaging is performed using the cross-correlated gathers.
The travel time of the seismic wave field excited by the shot point and scattered by the scattering point to the geophone can be expressed as
tr＝tsi+tir(1)
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,tsitravel time of the wave field from shot point to scattering point; t is tirIs the travel time of the wavefield from the scattering point to the receiving point. Detector r1Sum detector r2When received seismic traces are cross-correlated, the travel time t of the wave field from the shot point to the scattering pointsiSimilarly, the difference in the travel time of the wavefield from the scattering point to the two detectors will be extracted from the cross-correlation data trace.
Under the constant velocity model, when the travel time difference of a wave field from a scattering point to two fixed detection points is fixed, the possible positions of the scattering point are on a hyperbola taking the two detection points as focuses. When scattered wave information is received by a plurality of detection points, any two detection points can determine a hyperbola, and the intersection point of the hyperbolas is the position of the real scattering point.
According to the embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 2, the specific steps of scattered wave imaging by using cross-correlation gathers are as follows:
reading in a cross-correlation gather, and initializing parameters (including an imaging range, a migration aperture and the like);
reading in any one of the cross-correlation data cij(t) determining the coordinates r of two detectors of the seismic data from which the cross-correlation trace data was generatediAnd rj；
Calculating the travel time difference delta t between any imaging point x and two detectors in the imaging rangeij(x)；
For any imaging point x, using the calculated travel time difference Δ tij(x) Extracting sampling point values of corresponding moments in the cross-correlation data channels;
multiplying the sample point value by the amplitude correction factor 1/(r)i-x)(rj-x), outputting and superimposing at the imaging point x;
and repeating the steps until all the data tracks in the relevant track set are calculated.
The method of the invention converts the seismic gather into the cross-correlation gather, expands the scale of the data gather and is beneficial to low signal-to-noise ratio data imaging. In addition, the cross-correlation channel carries out scattered wave imaging, so that the influence of the path from the shot point to the scattered point can be eliminated, and the influence of the speed model error on the scattered wave imaging precision can be reduced.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a scattered wave imaging system based on cross-correlation traces, the system comprising:
a memory storing seismic data gathers, a velocity model, initialization imaging parameters, and executable instructions;
a processor, the processor calling the data stored in the memory, executing the executable instructions to accomplish the following steps:
forward calculating the travel time from the wave detection point to the imaging point;
converting the seismic data gather into a cross-correlation gather;
performing scattered wave imaging by using the cross-correlation channel set;
and outputting the scattered wave imaging result.
Further, there is provided a scattered wave imaging system based on cross-correlation trace, the system comprising:
a unit for inputting a seismic data gather, a velocity model and initialization imaging parameters;
forward a unit for calculating the travel time from the demodulator probe to the imaging point;
a unit for converting seismic data gathers into cross-correlation gathers;
a unit for performing scattered wave imaging by using the cross-correlation gather;
and a unit outputting a scattered wave imaging result.
Examples
The embodiment utilizes the scattered wave imaging method based on the cross-correlation channel to image the scattered wave. In this embodiment, the method is verified by using a single scattering point model.
In the embodiment, the model data comprises 32 detectors, the transverse coordinate of each detector is 0m, the depth coordinate of each detector is 500-1120 m, and the interval is 20 m; the scattering point coordinates are (500m, 800 m); the real speed is 4000m/s at constant speed and the offset speed is 5000 m/s.
Fig. 3 shows the single scattering point model imaging result, and it can be seen from fig. 3 that the velocity model error has less influence on the scattered wave imaging error. Model tests show that the imaging method of the invention is effective.
Having described embodiments of the present invention, the foregoing description is intended to be exemplary, not exhaustive, and not limited to the embodiments disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments.
Claims (4)
1. A method for scattered wave imaging based on cross-correlation traces, the method comprising:
inputting a seismic data gather, a velocity model and initialized imaging parameters;
forward calculating the travel time from the wave detection point to the imaging point;
converting the seismic data gather into a cross-correlation gather;
performing scattered wave imaging by using the cross-correlation channel set;
outputting a scattered wave imaging result;
wherein converting the seismic data gather into a cross-correlation gather comprises:
reading in a seismic data gather, wherein the number of data tracks in the gather is N;
for the ith data track, a cross-correlation function between the jth data track and the ith data track is obtained, wherein i is 1, 2.
Changing the value of i, repeatedly obtaining a cross-correlation function between the jth data channel and the ith data channel until the cross-correlation function between any two channels is completely calculated, and obtaining a cross-correlation channel set;
wherein, using formula cij(t)＝∫si(τ)·sj(τ + t) d τ to obtain the cross-correlation function between the jth data track and the ith data track, wherein cij(t) represents the cross-correlation gather, si(t) and sj(t) representing the ith and jth traces of seismic data, respectively;
wherein the scattered wave imaging using the cross-correlation gather comprises:
reading in any one of the cross-correlation data cij(t) determining the coordinates r of two detectors of the seismic data from which the cross-correlation trace data was generatediAnd rj；
Calculating the travel time difference delta t between any imaging point x and two detectors in the imaging rangeij(x)；
For any imaging point x, using the calculated travel time difference Δ tij(x) Extracting sampling point values of corresponding moments in the cross-correlation data channels;
multiplying the sample point value by the amplitude correction factor 1/(r)i-x)(rj-x), outputting and superimposing at the imaging point x;
and repeating the steps until all data tracks in the relevant track set are calculated.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein calculating the travel from the probe point to the imaging point comprises:
and calculating the travel time from the demodulator probe to all the imaging points by adopting a travel time correction algorithm according to the coordinates of the demodulator probe and the imaging range of the seismic data gather.
3. A scattered wave imaging system based on cross-correlation traces, the system comprising:
a memory storing seismic data gathers, a velocity model, initialization imaging parameters, and executable instructions;
a processor, the processor calling the data stored in the memory, executing the executable instructions to accomplish the following steps:
forward calculating the travel time from the wave detection point to the imaging point;
converting the seismic data gather into a cross-correlation gather;
performing scattered wave imaging by using the cross-correlation channel set;
outputting a scattered wave imaging result;
wherein converting the seismic data gather into a cross-correlation gather comprises:
reading in a seismic data gather, wherein the number of data tracks in the gather is N;
for the ith data track, a cross-correlation function between the jth data track and the ith data track is obtained, wherein i is 1, 2.
Changing the value of i, repeatedly obtaining a cross-correlation function between the jth data channel and the ith data channel until the cross-correlation function between any two channels is completely calculated, and obtaining a cross-correlation channel set;
wherein, using formula cij(t)＝∫si(τ)·sj(τ + t) d τ to obtain the cross-correlation function between the jth data track and the ith data track, wherein cij(t) represents the cross-correlation gather, si(t) and sj(t) representing the ith and jth traces of seismic data, respectively;
wherein the scattered wave imaging using the cross-correlation gather comprises:
reading in any one of the cross-correlation data cij(t) determining the coordinates r of two detectors of the seismic data from which the cross-correlation trace data was generatediAnd rj；
Calculating the travel time difference delta t between any imaging point x and two detectors in the imaging rangeij(x)；
For any imaging point x, using the calculated travel time difference Δ tij(x) Extracting sampling point values of corresponding moments in the cross-correlation data channels;
multiplying the sample point value by the amplitude correction factor 1/(r)i-x)(rj-x), outputting and superimposing at the imaging point x;
and repeating the steps until all data tracks in the relevant track set are calculated.
4. The cross-correlation trace-based scattered wave imaging system of claim 3, wherein forward computing the travel from the demodulator to the imaging point comprises:
and calculating the travel time from the demodulator probe to all the imaging points by adopting a travel time correction algorithm according to the coordinates of the demodulator probe and the imaging range of the seismic data gather.
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| CN102426387A (en) * | 2011-09-15 | 2012-04-25 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | Seismic scattering wave imaging method |
| CN104765064A (en) * | 2015-03-25 | 2015-07-08 | 中国科学院声学研究所 | Microseism interference imaging method |
| CN106154328A (en) * | 2015-04-16 | 2016-11-23 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of micro-seismic event identification pick-up method based on cross-correlation and system thereof |
| CN106526674A (en) * | 2016-11-14 | 2017-03-22 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Three-dimensional full waveform inversion energy weighted gradient preprocessing method |
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| CN102426387A (en) * | 2011-09-15 | 2012-04-25 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | Seismic scattering wave imaging method |
| CN104765064A (en) * | 2015-03-25 | 2015-07-08 | 中国科学院声学研究所 | Microseism interference imaging method |
| CN106154328A (en) * | 2015-04-16 | 2016-11-23 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of micro-seismic event identification pick-up method based on cross-correlation and system thereof |
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