CN115956634A - Biological agent for relieving heat stress of dairy cows and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Biological agent for relieving heat stress of dairy cows and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a biological agent for relieving heat stress of dairy cows and a preparation method thereof, wherein the biological agent comprises the following components in parts by mass: 50-60 parts of distiller's grains, 20-30 parts of rumen bypass fatty powder, 10-15 parts of rumen bypass amino acid, 10-15 parts of traditional Chinese medicine extract and 1-3 parts of composite microbial inoculum. The complex microbial inoculum is prepared from bifidobacterium adolescentis and lactococcus lactis according to the mass ratio (0.5-1): (0.5-2). The traditional Chinese medicine extract is prepared from honeysuckle, forsythia and mint according to the mass ratio (4-5): (3-5): (3-5). The rumen bypass amino acid consists of rumen bypass lysine and rumen bypass methionine in a mass ratio of 1:1. The distiller's grains, rumen bypass fatty powder, rumen bypass amino acid, the traditional Chinese medicine extract and the composite microbial inoculum which are used as energy substances have a synergistic effect on relieving the heat stress of the dairy cows.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of feed biological preparations, in particular to a biological preparation for relieving heat stress of dairy cows and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The dairy cows are cold-resistant and heat-intolerant animals, in recent years, with the aggravation of global warming, the influence of high temperature on the dairy cows is more serious, and when the environmental temperature is increased to a certain degree, and the heat production of the dairy cows is greater than the heat dissipation, the phenomena of actively reducing ingestion, seeking shading, seeking water sources, breathing in the mouth and the like can occur, namely heat stress reaction.
The heat stress evaluation method of the dairy cows generally comprises three methods, namely 1 and cowshed temperature and humidity indexes. The environmental temperature and the relative humidity are combined together to form a Temperature and Humidity Index (THI), and when the average temperature and humidity index of the cowshed is more than or equal to 72 and less than or equal to 79, the dairy cow is in a mild heat stress state; when the average temperature and humidity index is more than 79 and less than or equal to 88, the dairy cow is in a moderate heat stress state; when the average temperature and humidity index is larger than 88, the cows are in a high heat stress state, and when the average temperature and humidity index reaches a certain value, the cows directly die. Perhaps lower levels of the warm-wet index can also cause heat stress in cows if they are in the peak lactation period. Humidity alone can also have an effect on heat stress. 2. The breathing frequency. The respiratory rate of a cow is normally about 20 per minute. When the average respiratory frequency is 50-79 times/min, the dairy cow is in a mild heat stress state; when the average respiratory frequency is 80-119 times/min, the cow is in a moderate heat stress state; when the average respiratory frequency is 120-160 times/min, the cow is in a high heat stress state. 3. Rectal temperature. The normal rectal temperature of the cow is 38.3-38.7 ℃. When the average rectal temperature is more than or equal to 39.4 ℃ and RT is less than 39.6 ℃, the dairy cow is in a mild heat stress state; when the average rectum temperature is between 39.6 ℃ and RT < 40.0 ℃, the milk cow is in a moderate heat stress state; when the average rectal temperature is more than or equal to 40 ℃, the dairy cow is in a high heat stress state. Wherein, the heat stress degree of the cow is evaluated by temperature and humidity index; individual cows or small groups of cows are observed with emphasis, and the respiratory rate or rectal temperature is preferably used for evaluation.
The harm of heat stress to the dairy cattle is mainly divided into the following three aspects: 1. the body condition of the milk cow is reduced, and the milk yield and the milk fat rate are simultaneously reduced. The poor appetite of the dairy cows causes the disturbance of rumen metabolism, the insufficient intake of nutrient substances can not meet the production requirement, and then the reduction of the milk yield is caused. Decreased feed and dry matter intake, deterioration of rumen environment, resulting in decreased milk fat rate, and affecting the protein supply of cows. 2. The fertility is reduced and the empty fetus is prolonged. The milk cow mobilizes all of the body to adjust the body temperature and dissipate heat, the metabolism and the body surface blood circulation force of the milk cow are continuously increased, and the blood circulation of internal organs of the body is continuously weakened, so that the reproductive capacity is influenced. 3. The immune function and defense function are reduced, and the diseases are increased. The appetite is reduced, the digestion function is reduced, the metabolism is disturbed, the resistance is reduced, and the dairy cattle are easy to be attacked by pathogenic microorganisms. Therefore, the incidence rate of cow mastitis, retained placenta, endometritis, hoof diseases and the like is generally higher than that of cow mastitis, retained placenta, endometritis, hoof diseases and the like in summer.
At present, the method for relieving the heat stress of the dairy cows is mainly divided into two aspects. The first aspect is that a physical cooling mode is adopted, although the milk cow can be rapidly cooled by showering, blowing and the like, the milk cow farm needs to be modified, and the problems of modification time, economic benefit and cost need to be considered; the second aspect is that the heat stress relieving substance is added into the feed, so that the cost of feeding the special heat stress resistant feed for the dairy cows is higher, and the feeding cost pressure of a farm is higher. The biological agent can be directly added into daily ration for feeding dairy cows, no additional heat stress resistant feed is needed to be purchased, the addition amount is small, and the cost is low.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the prior art, the invention aims to provide a biological agent for relieving heat stress of dairy cows and a preparation method thereof.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a biological agent for relieving heat stress of dairy cows, which comprises the following components in parts by mass:
50-60 parts of distiller's grains, 20-30 parts of rumen bypass fat powder, 10-15 parts of rumen bypass amino acid, 10-15 parts of traditional Chinese medicine extract and 1-3 parts of composite microbial inoculum, wherein the rumen bypass amino acid is composed of rumen bypass lysine and rumen bypass methionine according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and the composite microbial inoculum is composed of bifidobacterium adolescentis (bifidobacterium adolescentis) (see)Bifidobacterium adolensentis) And lactococcus lactis (Lactococcus lactis) According to the mass ratio (0.5-1): (0.5-2), the traditional Chinese medicine extract is prepared by the following method: honeysuckle, forsythia and mint in a mass ratio (4-5): (3-5): (3-5) pulverizing, sieving with 200 mesh sieve, extracting with ethanol, filtering, collecting filtrate, concentrating, and recovering ethanol to obtain Chinese medicinal extract.
Preferably, the total viable count of the composite microbial inoculum is more than or equal to 1 multiplied by 10 9 CFU/g。
Preferably, the volume fraction of the added ethanol is 60-70%, the adding amount of the ethanol is 5-6 times of the total mass of the honeysuckle, the forsythia and the mint, the leaching time is 20-30 hours, the concentration temperature is 80-85 ℃, and the concentration time is 1-3 hours.
The second aspect of the invention provides a preparation method of the biological agent for relieving heat stress of dairy cows, which comprises the following steps:
the Chinese medicine extract, the distiller's grains, the rumen bypass fat powder, the rumen bypass amino acid and the composite microbial inoculum are stirred uniformly and granulated to obtain the biological preparation.
In the biological preparation, the distiller's grains provide protein, the rumen bypass fat powder provides energy, the energy in the fat is high, the heat increment consumption is low, and the feed intake of the dairy cows is reduced during heat stress, so that the protein and the energy are supplemented, the catabolism of protein, carbohydrate, fat and the like of a stress animal body is reduced, and the immunity of the body is favorably enhanced.
The honeysuckle, the forsythia and the mint have the effects of clearing heat, reducing internal heat, relieving summer heat and promoting fluid production, can effectively reduce the rectal temperature of the dairy cows, slow down excessive heartbeat and respiratory frequency, regulate functional disorder caused by heat stress, enhance the body resistance and relieve the symptoms of the heat stress. The traditional Chinese medicine extract obtained by adopting the alcohol extraction mode has high purity, less impurities and high drug effect.
Rumen-bypass amino acids can provide essential amino acids for milk cow, increase the supply of amino acids available in small intestine, improve milk cow nutrition status, enhance organism disease resistance and immunity, and make the above substances further play a role in resisting heat stress.
The bifidobacterium adolescentis and the lactococcus lactis in the composite microbial inoculum are probiotics, so that the micro-ecological environment of intestinal tracts is regulated, the anaerobic fermentation of rumens is promoted, the digestion is improved, the feed intake is increased, and the phenomena of inappetence such as feed intake reduction, chewing weakness, rumination weakening and the like caused by heat stress are relieved.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the distiller's grains and the rumen bypass fat powder provide energy for the dairy cows and are beneficial to enhancing the immunity of the organisms. Flos Lonicerae, fructus forsythiae, and herba Menthae in the Chinese medicinal extract can regulate dysfunction caused by heat stress, and relieve symptoms of heat stress. Rumen-protected amino acids enhance the disease resistance and immunity of the body and can further exert the effects of the above substances in the aspect of heat stress resistance. The compound microbial inoculum is probiotics, regulates intestinal flora, regulates the micro-ecological environment of intestinal tracts, improves the feed intake and relieves the phenomenon of inappetence. The distiller's grains and rumen bypass fatty powder, rumen bypass amino acid, traditional Chinese medicine extract and composite microbial inoculum which are used as energy substances have a synergistic promotion effect on relieving heat stress of the dairy cows.
The biological agent disclosed by the invention is green and safe, has no side effect, effectively relieves heat stress, reduces the rectal temperature of the dairy cow, slows down excessive heartbeat and respiratory frequency, reduces physical consumption, and increases comfort. Improve the anti-stress capability of the cow body, improve the immunity of the cow and improve the health condition of the cow.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
As described in the background art, the cost of feeding the special heat stress resistant feed for the dairy cows is higher, and the cost pressure is higher for the farms, so the invention provides the biological agent for relieving the heat stress of the dairy cows, which comprises the following components in parts by mass:
50-60 parts of distiller's grains, 20-30 parts of rumen bypass fatty powder, 10-15 parts of rumen bypass amino acid, 10-15 parts of traditional Chinese medicine extract and 1-3 parts of composite microbial inoculum.
The complex microbial inoculum is prepared from bifidobacterium adolescentis and lactococcus lactis according to the mass ratio (0.5-1): (0.5-2), the total viable count of the composite bacterial agent is more than or equal to 1 multiplied by 10 9 CFU/g。
The rumen bypass amino acid consists of rumen bypass lysine and rumen bypass methionine in a mass ratio of 1:1.
The traditional Chinese medicine extract is prepared by the following method: honeysuckle, forsythia and mint in a mass ratio (4-5): (3-5): (3-5) sieving with a 200-mesh sieve, adding 60-70% by volume of ethanol, leaching and filtering, wherein the addition amount of the ethanol is 5-6 times of the total mass of the honeysuckle, the forsythia and the mint, the leaching time is 20-30 hours, collecting filtrate, concentrating and recovering the ethanol, the concentration temperature is 80-85 ℃, and the concentration time is 1-3 hours, so as to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine extract.
The preparation method of the biological agent for relieving the heat stress of the dairy cows comprises the following steps:
the Chinese medicine extract, the distiller's grains, the rumen bypass fat powder, the rumen bypass amino acid and the composite microbial inoculum are stirred uniformly and granulated to obtain the biological preparation.
In order to make the technical solutions of the present application more clearly understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
The test materials used in the examples of the present invention are all conventional in the art and commercially available.
Bifidobacterium adolescentis used in the following examples and comparative examples of the present invention: (Bifidobacterium adolensentis) Purchased from China center for preservation and management of industrial microorganism strains, and having the strain number: CICC6178; lactococcus lactis (Lactococcus lactis) From industrial microorganisms of ChinaStrain preservation management center, strain number: CICC23610; rumen bypass lysine and rumen bypass methionine are purchased from Dahong biotechnology limited of Hangzhou; rumen-bypass fat powder was purchased from Shanghai Riyue International trade, inc.; distiller's grains are available from Hejiang Biba feed Co., ltd, and are Luzhou-flavor distiller's dried grains.
Example 1
The biological agent of this example comprises the following components:
50g of distiller's grains, 20g of rumen bypass fat powder, 5g of rumen bypass lysine, 5g of rumen bypass methionine, 10g of traditional Chinese medicine extract, 0.5g of bifidobacterium adolescentis and 0.5g of lactococcus lactis.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing honeysuckle, forsythia and mint according to a mass ratio of 4:3:3, crushing, sieving with a 200-mesh sieve, adding ethanol with volume fraction of 70%, leaching and filtering, wherein the adding amount of the ethanol is 5 times of the total mass of the honeysuckle, the forsythia and the mint, the leaching time is 24 hours, collecting filtrate, concentrating and recovering the ethanol, and the concentration temperature is 85 ℃ and the concentration time is 2 hours to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine extract.
(2) Mixing the Chinese medicinal extract, distiller's grains, rumen-bypass fat powder, rumen-bypass amino acid, and composite microbial agent, and granulating to obtain the biological preparation.
Example 2
The biological agent of this example comprises the following components:
55g of distiller's grains, 25g of rumen bypass fat powder, 6g of rumen bypass lysine, 6g of rumen bypass methionine, 12.5g of traditional Chinese medicine extract, 0.8g of bifidobacterium adolescentis and 0.8g of lactococcus lactis.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing honeysuckle, forsythia and mint according to a mass ratio of 4.5:4:4, grinding, sieving by a 200-mesh sieve, adding ethanol with the volume fraction of 70 percent, leaching and filtering, wherein the adding amount of the ethanol is 5 times of the total mass of the honeysuckle, the forsythia and the mint, the leaching time is 24 hours, collecting filtrate, concentrating and recovering the ethanol, and the concentration temperature is 85 ℃ and the concentration time is 2 hours to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine extract.
(2) Mixing the Chinese medicinal extract, distiller's grains, rumen bypass fat powder, rumen bypass amino acid and composite microbial inoculum uniformly, and granulating to obtain the biological preparation.
Example 3
The biological agent of this example comprises the following components:
60g of white spirit vinasse, 30g of rumen bypass fat powder, 7.5g of rumen bypass lysine, 7.5g of rumen bypass methionine, 15g of traditional Chinese medicine extract, 1g of bifidobacterium adolescentis and 1g of lactococcus lactis.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing honeysuckle, fructus forsythiae and mint according to a mass ratio of 5:5:5, grinding, sieving by a 200-mesh sieve, adding ethanol with volume fraction of 70%, leaching and filtering, wherein the adding amount of the ethanol is 5 times of the total mass of the honeysuckle, the forsythia and the mint, the leaching time is 24 hours, collecting filtrate, concentrating and recovering the ethanol, and the concentration temperature is 85 ℃ and the concentration time is 2 hours to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine extract.
(2) Mixing the Chinese medicinal extract, distiller's grains, rumen bypass fat powder, rumen bypass amino acid and composite microbial inoculum uniformly, and granulating to obtain the biological preparation.
Comparative example 1
60g of distiller's grains and 30g of rumen bypass fat powder are uniformly stirred and granulated to obtain the biological preparation.
Comparative example 2
7.5g of rumen bypass lysine and 7.5g of rumen bypass methionine are uniformly stirred and granulated to obtain the biological preparation.
Comparative example 3
Mixing honeysuckle, forsythia and mint according to a mass ratio of 5:5:5, grinding, sieving with a 200-mesh sieve, adding 70% by volume of ethanol, leaching and filtering, wherein the addition amount of the ethanol is 5 times of the total mass of the honeysuckle, the forsythia and the mint, the leaching time is 24 hours, collecting filtrate, concentrating and recovering the ethanol, the concentration temperature is 85 ℃, the concentration time is 2 hours, obtaining a traditional Chinese medicine extract, and granulating the traditional Chinese medicine extract to obtain the biological preparation.
Comparative example 4
Stirring 1g of bifidobacterium adolescentis and 1g of lactococcus lactis uniformly, and granulating to obtain the biological preparation.
Examples of the experiments
1. Experimental arrangement
The experimental date is 7 months 1 days-8 months 31 days in 2022 years, the pre-feeding period is 7 days, the formal experimental period is 55 days, the experimental place is a Changqing area Lu Wei dairy cow farm in Jinan City, the average temperature is 33 ℃, the dairy cows are Dutch Stent dairy cows, the number of births, the month age and the milk yield are all similar, the number is totally 80, the experimental date is randomly divided into 8 groups, and 10 dairy cows are in each group. Feeding under the same condition, keeping the fed basic ration unchanged, wherein the specific components are shown in table 1; the feeding frequency is three times per day, and each time, the feeding frequency is 3.5kg. The prepared biological agent was added to the basal diet in the morning and evening of each day in the amount of 200 g/head in groups 1 to 7, and only the basal diet was fed to groups 8 as a blank control group.
TABLE 1 basic diet Components
The premix is Yinmei No. 1 series multi-milk composite premix. The components are in mass fraction.
Measuring and recording the rectal temperature, the respiratory spraying rate and the milk yield of the dairy cow every day, counting the continuous relaxation times of the chest and the abdomen in a stable respiratory state by a stop watch according to the respiratory frequency, continuously recording for 3 minutes, and then converting into the average respiratory frequency per minute; recording the remaining basal ration weight per day; calculating the average value of the rectal temperature, the respiratory spray rate, the milk yield and the weight of the residual basic ration in the experimental period, weighing the cows in the first day and the last day of the experiment, recording the weight increase amount, and showing the experimental result in table 2.
TABLE 2
The biological agent of the embodiments 1-3 of the invention can effectively reduce the rectal temperature and the respiratory frequency of the dairy cow, improve the milk yield and the weight increment and increase the food intake of the dairy cow.
The rectal temperature of example 3 is reduced by 0.87 ℃ relative to a blank control group, the rectal temperature of comparative example 1 is reduced by 0.15 ℃ relative to the blank control group, the rectal temperature of comparative example 2 is reduced by 0.17 ℃ relative to the blank control group, the rectal temperature of comparative example 3 is reduced by 0.2 ℃ relative to the blank control group, the rectal temperature of comparative example 4 is reduced by 0.16 ℃ relative to the blank control group, and comparative example 1+ comparative example 2+ comparative example 3+ comparative example 4 < example 3, so that the white spirit vinasse and rumen bypass fat powder, rumen bypass amino acid, traditional Chinese medicine extract and complex microbial inoculum as energy substances have synergistic promotion effects on relieving heat stress of the dairy cows.
The distiller's grains and the rumen bypass fat powder provide energy for the dairy cows and are favorable for enhancing the immunity of the organisms. Flos Lonicerae, fructus forsythiae and herba Menthae in the Chinese medicinal extract can regulate dysfunction caused by heat stress, and relieve symptoms of heat stress. Rumen-bypass amino acids enhance disease resistance and immunity of the body, and can make the above substances further exert effects in resisting heat stress. The complex microbial inoculum is probiotics, regulates intestinal flora and promotes digestion and absorption. The distiller's grains and rumen bypass fatty powder, rumen bypass amino acid, traditional Chinese medicine extract and complex microbial inoculum which are used as energy substances have a synergistic effect on relieving heat stress of dairy cows.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (4)
1. The biological agent for relieving the heat stress of the dairy cows is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by mass:
50-60 parts of distiller's grains, 20-30 parts of rumen bypass fat powder, 10-15 parts of rumen bypass amino acid, 10-15 parts of traditional Chinese medicine extract and 1-3 parts of composite microbial inoculum, wherein the rumen bypass amino acid consists of rumen bypass lysine and rumen bypass methionine according to a mass ratio of 1:1, and the composite microbial inoculum consists of bifidobacterium adolescentis and lactococcus lactis according to a mass ratio of (0.5-1): (0.5-2), and the traditional Chinese medicine extract is prepared by the following method: honeysuckle, forsythia and mint in a mass ratio (4-5): (3-5): (3-5) sieving with 200 mesh sieve, adding ethanol, leaching, filtering, collecting filtrate, concentrating, and recovering ethanol to obtain Chinese medicinal extract.
2. The biological agent for relieving heat stress of dairy cows of claim 1, wherein the total viable count of the composite microbial agent is more than or equal to 1 x 10 9 CFU/g。
3. The biological agent for relieving heat stress of dairy cows of claim 1, wherein the volume fraction of the added ethanol is 60-70%, the added amount of the ethanol is 5-6 times of the total mass of the honeysuckle, the forsythia and the mint, the leaching time is 20-30 hours, the concentration temperature is 80-85 ℃, and the concentration time is 1-3 hours.
4. The method for preparing a biological agent for alleviating heat stress in dairy cows of any one of claims 1 to 3, which comprises the steps of:
the Chinese medicine extract, the distiller's grains, the rumen bypass fat powder, the rumen bypass amino acid and the composite microbial inoculum are stirred uniformly and granulated to obtain the biological preparation.
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