CN115954992B - Storage battery over-discharge protection method based on Markov chain - Google Patents
Storage battery over-discharge protection method based on Markov chain Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application discloses a storage battery over-discharge protection method based on a Markov chain, which comprises the following steps: collecting and storing a supply voltage value related to a supply voltage of the battery during the supply of the battery; under the condition that the power supply voltage of the storage battery is lower than the over-discharge trigger voltage, extracting a power supply voltage sample from the power supply voltage value acquired in a preset period before the judging moment according to a preset sampling period; defining a state space and a transition matrix of a Markov chain according to the state of the power supply voltage of the storage battery; determining parameters of a transfer matrix according to the power supply voltage sample; according to the transition matrix, determining a parameter value of a state space under the condition of convergence of a Markov chain, and determining the probability of rising of the power supply voltage of the storage battery according to the parameter value of the state space; and judging whether to carry out over-discharge protection on the storage battery according to the probability of the power supply voltage of the storage battery.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of power control, in particular to a storage battery over-discharge protection method based on a Markov chain.
Background
The load on the satellite is mainly powered by the solar battery and the storage battery, wherein the satellite supplies power to the load through the solar battery and charges the storage battery in the illumination period, and the satellite supplies power to the load on the satellite through the storage battery in the shadow period.
Overdischarge refers to the behavior of a battery to continue discharging after discharging an internal charge, and is a main cause of damage to the battery. Therefore, in order to prevent the battery from overdischarging, the satellite system turns off the discharge switch of the battery and performs overdischarge protection on the battery after the voltage of the battery is lower than the overdischarge trigger voltage for a period of time.
However, in the prior art, the storage battery is over-discharged and protected after the voltage of the storage battery is lower than the over-discharge trigger voltage for a period of time, so that the storage battery may be damaged to some extent in the period of time. If the voltage of the storage battery is lower than the over-discharge trigger voltage, the discharging switch of the storage battery is opened immediately, and the storage battery can be better protected, but the frequent opening of the discharging switch is unfavorable for supplying power to loads on a satellite.
Aiming at the technical problem that the existing storage battery overdischarge protection technology possibly causes the risk of damaging the storage battery, no effective solution is proposed at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The disclosure provides a storage battery overdischarge protection method based on a Markov chain, which at least solves the technical problem that the existing storage battery overdischarge protection technology is likely to cause the risk of damaging the storage battery.
According to one aspect of the present application, there is provided a method for protecting a battery from overdischarge based on a markov chain, including: collecting and storing a supply voltage value related to a supply voltage of the battery during the supply of the battery; under the condition that the power supply voltage of the storage battery is lower than the over-discharge trigger voltage, extracting a power supply voltage sample from the power supply voltage value acquired in a preset period before the judging moment according to a preset sampling period, wherein the judging moment is the moment that the power supply voltage of the storage battery is lower than the over-discharge trigger voltage; the state space of the Markov chain and the transition matrix are defined according to the following states of the power supply voltage of the storage battery: the power supply voltage rises, the power supply voltage drops, and the power supply voltage is maintained; determining parameters of a transfer matrix according to the power supply voltage sample; according to the transition matrix, determining a parameter value of a state space under the condition of convergence of a Markov chain, and determining the probability of rising of the power supply voltage of the storage battery according to the parameter value of the state space; and judging whether to carry out over-discharge protection on the storage battery according to the probability of the power supply voltage of the storage battery.
According to the technical scheme, a state space of the Markov chain is built according to the trend of the power supply voltage change of the storage battery at the moment that the voltage of the storage battery is lower than the overdischarge trigger voltage, and the collected power supply voltage samples of the storage battery are counted, so that a transfer matrix of the Markov chain is determined. And predicting the trend of the future change of the power supply voltage of the storage battery according to the constructed Markov chain, and judging whether the storage battery is over-discharged for protection immediately according to the prediction result without the over-discharge protection after a period of time, thereby being beneficial to better avoiding the damage of the storage battery caused by over-discharge. Meanwhile, the future change trend of the power supply voltage is predicted based on the Markov chain, and whether the over-discharge protection is performed is judged according to a prediction result, so that the situation that the discharge switch is frequently disconnected and the power supply of a load on a satellite is not beneficial is avoided. Therefore, the technical problem that the risk of damaging the storage battery possibly caused by the existing storage battery over-discharge protection technology is solved.
The above, as well as additional objectives, advantages, and features of the present application will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of a specific embodiment of the present application when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
Some specific embodiments of the present application will be described in detail hereinafter by way of example and not by way of limitation with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts or portions. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. In the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a power supply system for a satellite according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method of battery over-current protection according to an embodiment of the present application; and
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a markov chain according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present disclosure and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other. The present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with embodiments.
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the present disclosure, a technical solution in the embodiments of the present disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in which it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present disclosure, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort, based on the embodiments in this disclosure, shall fall within the scope of the present disclosure.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of the present disclosure and in the foregoing figures are used for distinguishing between similar objects and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the terms so used are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the disclosure described herein are, for example, capable of operation in connection with other embodiments. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments in accordance with the present application. As used herein, the singular is also intended to include the plural unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, and furthermore, it is to be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" when used in this specification are taken to specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a power supply system for a satellite according to an embodiment of the present application. Referring to fig. 1, the power supply system includes: solar cells and batteries. The solar battery is connected with the bus through the shunt regulator, so that the direct current supply voltage output to the bus is regulated through the shunt regulator.
The storage battery is connected with the bus through the charge controller and the discharge switch. The charging controller is used for controlling the charging operation of the solar battery to the storage battery, and the discharging switch is used for controlling the storage battery to supply power to the load on the bus.
In addition, the power supply system includes a voltage detector, a power supply controller, and a satellite management unit SMU (hereinafter simply referred to as "SMU"). The voltage detector is used for detecting the voltage value of the bus. The power supply controller receives the voltage value detected by the voltage detector and transmits it to the SMU. The SMU receives the voltage value transmitted by the power supply controller from the power supply controller and sends a control instruction to the power supply controller according to the voltage value transmitted by the power supply controller. The power supply controller controls the shunt regulator, the charging controller and the discharging switch according to the instruction of the SMU.
Under the working environment, the storage battery over-discharge protection method based on the Markov chain is provided. Wherein fig. 2 shows a schematic flow chart of the method, and referring to fig. 2, the method comprises:
s202: a supply voltage value related to a supply voltage of the battery is acquired and stored during the supply of the battery.
Specifically, referring to fig. 1, during power supply of the battery, the power supply voltage of the battery is detected in real time by the voltage detector, so that the SMU receives the power supply voltage of the battery in real time by the power supply controller. And the SMU stores the voltage values received in real time in a memory in time order.
S204: and under the condition that the power supply voltage of the storage battery is lower than the over-discharge trigger voltage, extracting a power supply voltage sample from the power supply voltage value acquired in a preset period before the judging moment according to a preset sampling period, wherein the judging moment is the moment that the power supply voltage of the storage battery is lower than the over-discharge trigger voltage.
Specifically, the SMU extracts, from the memory at a preset sampling period (or sampling interval), a supply voltage value acquired in a predetermined period before the determination timing as a supply voltage sample at a timing (hereinafter simply referred to as "determination timing") at which the supply voltage of the storage battery is determined to be lower than the over-discharge trigger voltage (for example, 36V).
For example, the SMU may sample the supply voltage value as a supply voltage sample at a preset sampling period (or sampling interval) from the supply voltage values detected within 10 minutes before the determination time. Of course, it may be sampled over a period of time longer or shorter than 10 minutes. But are not limited thereto. The sampling period (or sampling interval) may be set to 1 second or 0.5 second according to practical situations, and is not particularly limited herein.
For example, table 1 below shows an example of a sampled sample of battery supply voltage:
TABLE 1
Referring to Table 1, the SMU samples n+2 supply voltage samples from a predetermined period of time before the decision time with a preset sampling period (or sampling interval)S i （i=0~（n+1)). Wherein each supply voltage sampleS i Corresponding to the supply voltage value detected by the voltage detector at the corresponding detection timev i 。
S206: the state space of the Markov chain and the transition matrix are defined according to the following states of the power supply voltage of the storage battery: supply voltage rises, supply voltage drops, and supply voltage remains.
Specifically, the SMU may define a markov chain based state space as shown belowVS：
wherein ,vs 1 indicating the probability of the battery supply voltage rising,vs 2 representing the probability of battery supply voltage retentionvs 3 Indicating the probability of a drop in battery supply voltage.
In addition, the SMU may define a markov chain-based transition matrix as shown belowA：
Wherein parameter a 11 The probability of transition from the state "supply voltage rise" to the state "supply voltage rise" is represented;
parameter a 12 A probability indicating a transition from the state "supply voltage rise" to the state "supply voltage hold";
parameter a 13 The probability of transitioning from a state "supply voltage up" to a state "supply voltage down" is represented;
parameter a 21 Representing a probability of transition from state "supply voltage hold" to state "supply voltage rise";
parameter a 22 Representing a probability of transitioning from state "supply voltage hold" to state "supply voltage hold";
parameter a 23 Representing a probability of transitioning from the state "supply voltage hold" to the state "supply voltage drop";
parameter a 31 The probability of transition from the state "supply voltage decrease" to the state "supply voltage increase" is represented;
parameter a 32 Representing a probability of transitioning from a state "supply voltage drop" to a state "supply voltage hold"; and
parameter a 33 The probability of transitioning from the state "supply voltage drop" to the state "supply voltage drop" is represented.
Wherein fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a markov chain model defined in accordance with the disclosed technique.
S208: and determining parameters of the transfer matrix according to the supply voltage samples.
In particular, for a sample supply voltage sampleS 1 ~S n A pre-transition state (i.e., a first state) and a post-transition state (i.e., a second state) corresponding to the supply voltage sample are respectively determined.
Specifically, for each supply voltage sampleS i （i=1~n) According to the supply voltage sampleS i With the previous supply voltage sampleS i-1 Is set to the supply voltage of (2)v i Andv i-1 determining a sample of the supply voltageS i Corresponding pre-transition state. For example when the supply voltage isv i Greater thanv i-1 The supply voltage sampleS i Is to be transferred to the state before the transferss i,1 Rise for supply voltage; when the power is supplied to the voltagev i Equal tov i-1 The supply voltage sampleS i Is to be transferred to the state before the transferss i,1 Maintaining a power supply voltage; when the power is supplied to the voltagev i Less thanv i-1 The supply voltage sampleS i Is to be transferred to the state before the transferss i,1 The supply voltage drops.
Furthermore, for each supply voltage sampleS i （i=1~n) According to the supply voltage sampleS i With the latter supply voltage sampleS i+1 Is set to the supply voltage of (2)v i Andv i+1 determining a sample of the supply voltageS i Corresponding post-transition state. For example when the supply voltage isv i Less thanv i+1 The supply voltage sampleS i Is transferred state of (a)ss i,2 Rise for supply voltage; when the power is supplied to the voltagev i Equal tov i+1 The supply voltage sampleS i Is transferred state of (a)ss i,2 Maintaining a power supply voltage; when the power is supplied to the voltagev i Greater thanv i+1 The supply voltage sampleS i Is transferred state of (a)ss i,2 The supply voltage drops.
For example, for supply voltage samplesS 1 According to the supply voltage sampleS 1 With the previous supply voltage sampleS 0 Is set to the supply voltage of (2)v 1 Andv 0 determining a sample of the supply voltageS 1 Corresponding pre-transition statess 1,1 And according to the supply voltage sampleS 1 With the latter supply voltage sampleS 0 Is set to the supply voltage of (2)v 1 Andv 2 determining a sample of the supply voltageS 1 Corresponding post-transition statess 1,2 。
And so on, for supply voltage samplesS n According to the supply voltage sampleS n With the previous supply voltage sampleS n-1 Is set to the supply voltage of (2)v n Andv n-1 determining a sample of the supply voltageS n Corresponding pre-transition statess n,1 And according to the supply voltage sampleS n With the latter supply voltage sampleS n+1 Is set to the supply voltage of (2)v n Andv n+1 determining a sample of the supply voltageS n Corresponding post-transition statess n,2 。
Thus, according to the supply voltage sampleS i （i=1~n) Is to be transferred to the state before the transferss i,1 And post-transition statess i,2 Determining and relating to individual supply voltage samplesS i Corresponding state transition information, as shown in table 2 below:
TABLE 2
Thus, the transfer matrix can be determined according to the following formulaAIs defined by the parameters:
wherein N 1 The number of supply voltage samples for which the pre-transition state is "supply voltage up";N 1,1 the number of supply voltage samples whose state before transition is "supply voltage rise" is the number of supply voltage samples whose state after transition is "supply voltage rise".
wherein N 1 The number of supply voltage samples for which the pre-transition state is "supply voltage up";N 1,2 the number of supply voltage samples whose state before transition is "supply voltage rising" and whose state after transition is "supply voltage holding" is the number of supply voltage samples.
wherein N 1 The number of supply voltage samples for which the pre-transition state is "supply voltage up";N 1,3 the number of supply voltage samples whose pre-transition state is "supply voltage rising" and whose post-transition state is "supply voltage falling" is the same.
wherein N 2 The number of supply voltage samples for which the pre-transition state is "supply voltage hold";N 2,1 among the supply voltage samples whose pre-transition state is "supply voltage hold", the number of supply voltage samples whose post-transition state is "supply voltage rise".
wherein N 2 For the state before transition to be' power supplyThe number of voltage hold supply voltage samples;N 2,2 the number of supply voltage samples whose state before transition is "supply voltage hold" and whose state after transition is "supply voltage hold" is the supply voltage sample.
wherein N 2 The number of supply voltage samples for which the pre-transition state is "supply voltage hold";N 2,3 among the supply voltage samples whose pre-transition state is "supply voltage hold", the number of supply voltage samples whose post-transition state is "supply voltage drop".
wherein N 3 A number of supply voltage samples for which the pre-transition state is "supply voltage drop";N 3,1 the number of supply voltage samples whose pre-transition state is "supply voltage drop" and whose post-transition state is "supply voltage rise" is the supply voltage sample.
wherein N 3 A number of supply voltage samples for which the pre-transition state is "supply voltage drop";N 3,2 the number of supply voltage samples whose pre-transition state is "supply voltage drop" and whose post-transition state is "supply voltage hold" is the supply voltage sample.
wherein N 3 A number of supply voltage samples for which the pre-transition state is "supply voltage drop";N 3,3 the number of supply voltage samples whose pre-transition state is "supply voltage drop" is the number of supply voltage samples whose post-transition state is "supply voltage drop".
Therefore, through the mode, the parameters of the transfer matrix can be counted by using the state transfer information of the power supply voltage sample.
S210: and determining a parameter value of a state space under the condition of convergence of the Markov chain according to the transition matrix, and determining the probability of rising of the power supply voltage of the storage battery according to the parameter value of the state space.
For example, the state space after convergence can be found according to the following formulaVS’Numerical values of (2)：
Namely:
wherein ,vs' 1 the probability of the battery supply voltage rising in the state where the markov chain converges is indicated,vs' 2 representing the probability of battery supply voltage retention in the state of Markov chain convergence, anvs' 3 The probability of the battery supply voltage dropping in the state where the markov chain converges is indicated.IIs an identity matrix.
So that it can be based on parameters of the state spacevs' 1 The probability of the supply voltage of the battery rising is determined.
S212: and judging whether the storage battery is over-discharge protected according to the probability of the power supply voltage of the storage battery.
In particular, parameters, e.g. in a state spacevs' 1 If the power supply voltage of the storage battery is smaller than the predetermined probability threshold, namely, the probability of the power supply voltage of the storage battery rising is lower than the predetermined probability threshold, then the power supply voltage of the storage battery can be judged to be lower than the over-discharge trigger in a longer timeThe voltage, thereby over-discharging the accumulator in advance, for example, opening the discharging switch.
Conversely, if the parameters of the state spacevs' 1 If the power supply voltage of the battery is greater than the predetermined probability threshold, that is, if the probability of the power supply voltage of the battery rising is greater than the predetermined probability threshold, it can be determined that the power supply voltage of the battery will possibly rise and be higher than the over-discharge trigger voltage for a long time later. In this case, the battery can be protected from overdischarge. If the power supply voltage of the storage battery is still lower than the over-discharge trigger voltage after a subsequent preset period of time, the storage battery is over-discharge protected.
As described in the background art, in the prior art, the storage battery is protected from overdischarge after the voltage of the storage battery is lower than the overdischarge trigger voltage for a certain period of time, and therefore, the storage battery may be damaged to some extent during the period of time. If the voltage of the storage battery is lower than the over-discharge trigger voltage, the discharging switch of the storage battery is opened immediately, and the storage battery can be better protected, but the frequent opening of the discharging switch is unfavorable for supplying power to loads on a satellite.
In view of this, the technical solution of the present disclosure constructs a state space of the markov chain according to a trend of a power supply voltage change of the storage battery at a time when the voltage of the storage battery is lower than the overdischarge trigger voltage, and performs statistics on collected power supply voltage samples of the storage battery, thereby determining a transition matrix of the markov chain. And predicting the trend of the future change of the power supply voltage of the storage battery according to the constructed Markov chain, and judging whether the storage battery is over-discharged for protection immediately according to the prediction result without the over-discharge protection after a period of time, thereby being beneficial to better avoiding the damage of the storage battery caused by over-discharge. Meanwhile, the future change trend of the power supply voltage is predicted based on the Markov chain, and whether the over-discharge protection is performed is judged according to a prediction result, so that the situation that the discharge switch is frequently disconnected and the power supply of a load on a satellite is not beneficial is avoided. Therefore, the technical problem that the risk of damaging the storage battery possibly caused by the existing storage battery over-discharge protection technology is solved.
The relative arrangement of the components and steps, numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present disclosure unless it is specifically stated otherwise. Meanwhile, it should be understood that the sizes of the respective parts shown in the drawings are not drawn in actual scale for convenience of description. Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to one of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but should be considered part of the specification where appropriate. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values should be construed as merely illustrative, and not a limitation. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that: like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further discussion thereof is necessary in subsequent figures.
Spatially relative terms, such as "above … …," "above … …," "upper surface at … …," "above," and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one device or feature's spatial location relative to another device or feature as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as "above" or "over" other devices or structures would then be oriented "below" or "beneath" the other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above … …" may include both orientations of "above … …" and "below … …". The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
In the description of the present disclosure, it should be understood that the azimuth or positional relationships indicated by the azimuth terms such as "front, rear, upper, lower, left, right", "lateral, vertical, horizontal", and "top, bottom", etc., are generally based on the azimuth or positional relationships shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the present disclosure and to simplify the description, and these azimuth terms do not indicate and imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific azimuth or be configured and operated in a specific azimuth, and thus should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present disclosure; the orientation word "inner and outer" refers to inner and outer relative to the contour of the respective component itself.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions easily contemplated by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present application should be covered by the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (7)
1. The storage battery overdischarge protection method based on the Markov chain is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
collecting and storing a supply voltage value related to a supply voltage of a storage battery during power supply of the storage battery;
extracting a power supply voltage sample from a power supply voltage value acquired within a predetermined period of time before a judging time according to a preset sampling period under the condition that the power supply voltage of the storage battery is lower than the over-discharge trigger voltage, wherein the judging time is when the power supply voltage of the storage battery is lower than the over-discharge trigger voltage;
a state space of a markov chain and a transition matrix are defined according to the following states of the power supply voltage of the storage battery: the power supply voltage rises, the power supply voltage drops, and the power supply voltage is maintained;
determining parameters of the transfer matrix according to the supply voltage sample;
according to the transition matrix, determining a parameter value of the state space under the condition that the Markov chain is converged, and determining the probability of power supply voltage rise of the storage battery according to the parameter value of the state space;
judging whether the storage battery is subjected to over-discharge protection or not according to the probability of the power supply voltage rise of the storage battery;
wherein defining the state space of the Markov chain and the operation of the transition matrix comprises:
defining a state space based on the Markov chainVS：
wherein ,vs1 Representing the probability of rise in the battery supply voltage, vs 2 Representing the probability of battery supply voltage retention and vs 3 A probability indicating a drop in the battery supply voltage; and
defining a transition matrix based on the Markov chainA：
Wherein parameter a 11 The probability of transition from the state "supply voltage rise" to the state "supply voltage rise" is represented;
parameter a 12 A probability indicating a transition from the state "supply voltage rise" to the state "supply voltage hold";
parameter a 13 The probability of transitioning from a state "supply voltage up" to a state "supply voltage down" is represented;
parameter a 21 Representing a probability of transition from state "supply voltage hold" to state "supply voltage rise";
parameter a 22 Representing a probability of transitioning from state "supply voltage hold" to state "supply voltage hold";
parameter a 23 Representing a probability of transitioning from the state "supply voltage hold" to the state "supply voltage drop";
parameter a 31 The probability of transition from the state "supply voltage decrease" to the state "supply voltage increase" is represented;
parameter a 32 Representation ofProbability of transition from state "supply voltage drop" to state "supply voltage hold"; and
parameter a 33 The probability of transitioning from the state "supply voltage drop" to the state "supply voltage drop" is represented.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining parameters of the transfer matrix from the supply voltage samples comprises:
determining a first state and a second state of the respective supply voltage samples, wherein the first state is used for indicating the state of the corresponding supply voltage sample relative to the previous supply voltage sample, and the second state is used for indicating the state of the subsequent supply voltage sample relative to the corresponding supply voltage sample; and
determining the transfer matrix based on the first and second states of the respective supply voltage samplesAIs a parameter of (a).
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the transfer matrix is determined based on the first and second states of each supply voltage sampleAComprises determining a transfer matrix according to the following formulaAIs defined by the parameters:
wherein N1 A number of supply voltage samples that are "supply voltage up" for the first state; n (N) 1,1 In the supply voltage sample with the first state of 'supply voltage rising', the first state isThe two states are the number of supply voltage samples with "supply voltage up"; n (N) 1,2 The number of supply voltage samples in which the first state is "supply voltage rising" and the second state is "supply voltage holding"; n (N) 1,3 The number of supply voltage samples in which the first state is "supply voltage rising" and the second state is "supply voltage falling" is the first state; n (N) 2 A number of supply voltage samples that are "supply voltage hold" for the first state; n (N) 2,1 The number of supply voltage samples in which the first state is "supply voltage hold" and the second state is "supply voltage rise"; n (N) 2,2 The number of supply voltage samples in which the first state is "supply voltage hold" and the second state is "supply voltage hold"; n (N) 2,3 The number of supply voltage samples in which the first state is "supply voltage hold" and the second state is "supply voltage drop"; n (N) 3 A number of supply voltage samples that are "supply voltage down" for the first state; n (N) 3,1 The number of supply voltage samples in which the first state is "supply voltage drop" and the second state is "supply voltage rise"; n (N) 3,2 The number of supply voltage samples in which the first state is "supply voltage drop" and the second state is "supply voltage hold"; n 3,3 The first state is the number of supply voltage samples with "supply voltage drop" and the second state is the number of supply voltage samples with "supply voltage drop".
4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the operation of determining parameter values of the state space in case of convergence of the markov chain from the transition matrix comprises:
determining the state space in the event of convergence of the Markov chain according to the following formulaVS’Is defined by the parameters:
wherein ,vs' 1 the probability of the battery supply voltage rising in the state where the markov chain converges is indicated,vs' 2 representing the probability of battery supply voltage retention in the state of Markov chain convergence, anvs' 3 The probability of the battery supply voltage dropping in the state where the markov chain converges is indicated.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the operation of determining the probability of the supply voltage of the battery rising according to the parameter value of the state space comprises: according to the parameters of the state spacevs' 1 The probability of the supply voltage of the battery rising is determined.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein determining whether to perform an operation of overdischarge protection of the battery according to a probability of a supply voltage of the battery increases, comprises: and if the probability of the power supply voltage of the storage battery is lower than a preset probability threshold value, the storage battery is subjected to over-discharge protection.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the method further comprises: in the case where the probability of the power supply voltage of the storage battery rising is not lower than the predetermined probability threshold, the storage battery is not overdischarged protected, and
and after the preset time, under the condition that the power supply voltage of the storage battery is still lower than the over-discharge trigger voltage, the storage battery is over-discharge protected.
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