CN115954992A - Storage battery over-discharge protection method based on Markov chain - Google Patents
Storage battery over-discharge protection method based on Markov chain Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application discloses a storage battery over-discharge protection method based on a Markov chain, which comprises the following steps: collecting and storing a supply voltage value related to a supply voltage of the storage battery during the supply of the storage battery; under the condition that the power supply voltage of the storage battery is lower than the over-discharge trigger voltage, extracting a power supply voltage sample from a power supply voltage value acquired in a preset time period before the judgment moment according to a preset sampling period; defining a state space and a transfer matrix of a Markov chain according to the state of the power supply voltage of the storage battery; determining parameters of a transfer matrix according to the power supply voltage sample; determining a parameter value of a state space under the condition of Markov chain convergence according to the transition matrix, and determining the probability of the power supply voltage rise of the storage battery according to the parameter value of the state space; and judging whether the over-discharge protection is carried out on the storage battery or not according to the probability of the power supply voltage rise of the storage battery.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of power supply control, in particular to a storage battery over-discharge protection method based on a Markov chain.
Background
The loads on the satellite are mainly powered by the solar cell and the storage battery, wherein the loads are powered by the solar cell and the storage battery in the illumination period of the satellite, and the loads on the satellite are powered by the storage battery in the shadow period of the satellite.
Overdischarge refers to the behavior of a battery that continues to discharge after internal charge is released, and is a major cause of damage to the battery. Therefore, in order to prevent the over-discharge of the storage battery, the satellite system turns off the discharge switch of the storage battery and performs the over-discharge protection on the storage battery after the voltage of the storage battery is lower than the over-discharge trigger voltage for a period of time.
However, in the prior art, the over-discharge protection is performed on the storage battery after the voltage of the storage battery is lower than the over-discharge trigger voltage for a period of time, so that the storage battery may be damaged to some extent in the period of time. Although the battery can be better protected if the voltage of the battery is immediately switched off as soon as it is below the overdischarge trigger voltage, frequent switching off of the discharge switch is disadvantageous for supplying the load on the satellite.
Aiming at the technical problem that the existing storage battery over-discharge protection technology possibly causes the risk of damage to the storage battery, an effective solution is not provided at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The disclosure provides a storage battery over-discharge protection method based on a Markov chain, which is used for at least solving the technical problem that the existing storage battery over-discharge protection technology possibly causes the risk of damage to a storage battery.
According to one aspect of the application, a storage battery over-discharge protection method based on a Markov chain is provided, and comprises the following steps: collecting and storing a supply voltage value related to a supply voltage of the storage battery during the supply of the storage battery; under the condition that the power supply voltage of the storage battery is lower than the over-discharge trigger voltage, extracting a power supply voltage sample from a power supply voltage value acquired in a preset time period before a judgment moment according to a preset sampling period, wherein the judgment moment is the moment that the power supply voltage of the storage battery is lower than the over-discharge trigger voltage; the state space of the markov chain and the transition matrix are defined according to the following states of the supply voltage of the storage battery: supply voltage rise, supply voltage fall, and supply voltage hold; determining parameters of a transfer matrix according to the power supply voltage sample; determining a parameter value of a state space under the condition of Markov chain convergence according to the transition matrix, and determining the probability of the power supply voltage rise of the storage battery according to the parameter value of the state space; and judging whether the over-discharge protection is carried out on the storage battery or not according to the probability of the power supply voltage rise of the storage battery.
According to the technical scheme, the state space of the Markov chain is constructed according to the trend of the change of the power supply voltage of the storage battery at the moment that the voltage of the storage battery is lower than the over-discharge trigger voltage, and the collected power supply voltage samples of the storage battery are counted, so that the transfer matrix of the Markov chain is determined. And predicting the future change trend of the power supply voltage of the storage battery according to the constructed Markov chain, and judging whether to carry out over-discharge protection on the storage battery immediately according to the prediction result without carrying out over-discharge protection after a period of time, thereby being beneficial to better avoiding the damage of over-discharge on the storage battery. Meanwhile, the future change trend of the power supply voltage is predicted based on the Markov chain, and whether over-discharge protection is carried out or not is judged according to the prediction result, so that the condition that the power supply of a load on a satellite is not facilitated due to frequent disconnection of a discharge switch is avoided. Thereby solved current battery and crossed the technical problem that the protection technology probably leads to the battery to receive the risk of damaging.
The above and other objects, advantages and features of the present application will become more apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of specific embodiments thereof, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
Some specific embodiments of the present application will be described in detail hereinafter by way of example and not by way of limitation with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numbers in the drawings identify the same or similar elements or components. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a power supply system for a satellite according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a battery over-current protection method according to an embodiment of the present application; and
figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a markov chain according to embodiments of the present application.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that, in the present disclosure, the embodiments and the features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. The present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with embodiments.
In order to make the technical solutions of the present disclosure better understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present disclosure, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present disclosure, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments disclosed herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present disclosure.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of the present disclosure and in the foregoing drawings are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the terms so used are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances for describing the embodiments of the disclosure herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a power supply system for a satellite according to an embodiment of the present application. Referring to fig. 1, the power supply system includes: solar cells and batteries. The solar cell is connected to the bus bar via a shunt regulator, so that the dc supply voltage output to the bus bar is regulated by the shunt regulator.
The storage battery is connected with the bus through the charging controller and the discharging switch. The charging controller is used for controlling the solar cell to charge the storage battery, and the discharging switch is used for controlling the storage battery to supply power to a load on the bus.
In addition, the power supply system further includes a voltage detector, a power supply controller, and a satellite management unit SMU (hereinafter, abbreviated to "SMU"). The voltage detector is used for detecting the voltage value of the bus. The power supply controller receives the voltage value detected by the voltage detector and transmits it to the SMU. And the SMU receives the voltage value transmitted by the power controller from the power controller and sends a control command to the power controller according to the voltage value transmitted by the power controller. The power supply controller thus controls the shunt regulator, the charge controller, and the discharge switch according to the instruction of the SMU.
Under the working environment, the storage battery over-discharge protection method based on the Markov chain is provided. Wherein fig. 2 shows a flow chart of the method, and referring to fig. 2, the method comprises:
s202: during the supply of the battery, a supply voltage value is detected and stored, which is related to the supply voltage of the battery.
Specifically, referring to fig. 1, during the power supply of the secondary battery, the power supply voltage of the secondary battery is detected in real time by the voltage detector, so that the SMU receives the power supply voltage of the secondary battery in real time by the power controller. And the SMU stores the voltage values received in real time in a memory in chronological order.
S204: under the condition that the power supply voltage of the storage battery is lower than the over-discharge trigger voltage, extracting a power supply voltage sample from a power supply voltage value acquired in a preset time period before a judgment moment according to a preset sampling period, wherein the judgment moment is the moment that the power supply voltage of the storage battery is lower than the over-discharge trigger voltage.
Specifically, the SMU extracts, at a timing (hereinafter simply referred to as "determination timing") at which it is determined that the supply voltage of the storage battery is lower than the overdischarge trigger voltage (for example, 36V), a supply voltage value collected within a predetermined period before the determination timing from the memory as a supply voltage sample at a preset sampling period (or sampling interval).
For example, the SMU may sample the power supply voltage value as a power supply voltage sample at a preset sampling period (or sampling interval) from the power supply voltage values detected within 10 minutes before the determination time. Of course, it may be sampled over a period longer or shorter than 10 minutes. But is not limited thereto. The sampling period (or sampling interval) may be set to 1 second or 0.5 second according to practical situations, and is not limited specifically here.
For example, table 1 below shows an example of a sample of the battery supply voltage:
TABLE 1
Referring to table 1, the SMU samples n +2 supply voltage samples from a predetermined period of time before the decision time through a preset sampling period (or sampling interval)S i （i=0~（n+1)). Wherein each supply voltage sampleS i Corresponding to the supply voltage value detected by the voltage detector at the corresponding detection momentv i 。
S206: the state space of the markov chain and the transition matrix are defined according to the following states of the supply voltage of the storage battery: supply voltage rise, supply voltage fall, and supply voltage hold.
In particular, the SMU may define a markov chain based state as shown belowSpace(s)VS：
wherein ,vs 1 indicating the probability of the battery supply voltage rising,vs 2 indicating the probability of battery supply voltage retention, anvs 3 Indicating the probability of a drop in the battery supply voltage.
Further, the SMU may define a markov chain based transition matrix as shown belowA：
Wherein the parameter a 11 Represents the probability of a transition from the state "supply voltage rise" to the state "supply voltage rise";
parameter a 12 Represents the probability of transition from the state "supply voltage rising" to the state "supply voltage holding";
parameter a 13 Represents the probability of transition from the state "supply voltage rising" to the state "supply voltage falling";
parameter a 21 Represents the probability of a transition from the state "supply voltage hold" to the state "supply voltage rise";
parameter a 22 Represents the probability of a transition from the state "supply voltage hold" to the state "supply voltage hold";
parameter a 23 Represents the probability of a transition from the state "supply voltage hold" to the state "supply voltage drop";
parameter a 31 Represents the probability of a transition from the state "supply voltage down" to the state "supply voltage up";
parameter a 32 Represents the probability of a transition from the state "supply voltage down" to the state "supply voltage hold"; and
parameter a 33 Indicating the probability of transitioning from the state "supply voltage droop" to the state "supply voltage droop".
Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a markov chain model defined according to the technical solution of the present disclosure.
S208: parameters of the transfer matrix are determined from the supply voltage samples.
In particular, the voltage samples are supplied for the samplesS 1 ~S n A pre-transition state (i.e., a first state) and a post-transition state (i.e., a second state) corresponding to the supply voltage sample are determined, respectively.
In particular, for each supply voltage sampleS i （i=1~n) According to the supply voltage sampleS i With the previous supply voltage sampleS i-1 Supply voltage ofv i Andv i-1 determining the supply voltage sampleS i Corresponding pre-transition state. For example when the supply voltage is highv i Is greater thanv i-1 Time of day, the supply voltage sampleS i State before transition ofss i,1 Raising the power supply voltage; when the supply voltage isv i Is equal tov i-1 Time of day, the supply voltage sampleS i Pre-transition state ofss i,1 Maintaining for a supply voltage; when the supply voltage isv i Is less thanv i-1 While the supply voltage sampleS i State before transition ofss i,1 The supply voltage is reduced.
Furthermore, for each supply voltage sampleS i （i=1~n) According to the supply voltage sampleS i With the latter supply voltage sampleS i+1 Supply voltage ofv i Andv i+1 determining the supply voltage sampleS i Corresponding post-transition state. For example when the supply voltage is highv i Is less thanv i+1 While the supply voltage sampleS i Post-transition state ofss i,2 The supply voltage is increased; when the supply voltage isv i Is equal tov i+1 Time of day, the supply voltage sampleS i State after transition of (1)ss i,2 Maintaining for a supply voltage; when the supply voltage isv i Is greater thanv i+1 Time of day, the supply voltage sampleS i State after transition of (1)ss i,2 The supply voltage is reduced.
For example, for supply voltage samplesS 1 According to the supply voltage sampleS 1 With the previous supply voltage sampleS 0 Supply voltage ofv 1 Andv 0 determining the supply voltage sampleS 1 Corresponding pre-transition statess 1,1 And according to the supply voltage sampleS 1 With the latter supply voltage sampleS 0 Supply voltage ofv 1 Andv 2 determining the supply voltage sampleS 1 Corresponding post-transition statess 1,2 。
By analogy, for supply voltage samplesS n According to the supply voltage sampleS n With the previous supply voltage sampleS n-1 Supply voltage ofv n Andv n-1 determining the supply voltage sampleS n Corresponding Pre-transition Statess n,1 And according to the supply voltage sampleS n With the latter supply voltage sampleS n+1 Supply voltage ofv n Andv n+1 determining the supply voltage sampleS n Corresponding post-transition statess n,2 。
Thus, according to the supply voltage sampleS i （i=1~n) Pre-transition state ofss i,1 And post-transition statess i,2 Determining respective supply voltage samplesS i The corresponding state transition information is shown in table 2 below:
TABLE 2
Thus, the transition matrix can be determined according to the following formulaAThe parameters of (2):
wherein N 1 The number of supply voltage samples for which the pre-transition state is "supply voltage up";N 1,1 the number of supply voltage samples whose state after transition is "supply voltage up" out of supply voltage samples whose state before transition is "supply voltage up".
wherein N 1 The number of supply voltage samples for which the pre-transition state is "supply voltage up";N 1,2 the number of supply voltage samples whose state after transition is "supply voltage hold" out of supply voltage samples whose state before transition is "supply voltage rise".
wherein N 1 The number of supply voltage samples for which the pre-transition state is "supply voltage up";N 1,3 the number of supply voltage samples whose state after transition is "supply voltage down" out of supply voltage samples whose state before transition is "supply voltage up".
wherein N 2 Number of supply voltage samples for which the pre-transition state is "supply voltage hold";N 2,1 the number of supply voltage samples whose state after transition is "supply voltage up" out of supply voltage samples whose state before transition is "supply voltage hold".
wherein N 2 The number of supply voltage samples for which the pre-transition state is "supply voltage hold";N 2,2 the number of supply voltage samples whose state is "supply voltage hold" after transition, among supply voltage samples whose state is "supply voltage hold" before transition.
wherein N 2 The number of supply voltage samples for which the pre-transition state is "supply voltage hold";N 2,3 the number of supply voltage samples whose state after transition is "supply voltage down" out of the supply voltage samples whose state before transition is "supply voltage hold".
wherein N 3 The number of supply voltage samples for which the pre-transition state is "supply voltage droop";N 3,1 the number of supply voltage samples whose state after transition is "supply voltage up" out of supply voltage samples whose state before transition is "supply voltage down".
wherein N 3 The number of supply voltage samples for which the pre-transition state is "supply voltage droop";N 3,2 the number of supply voltage samples whose state after transition is "supply voltage hold", out of supply voltage samples whose state before transition is "supply voltage down".
wherein N 3 The number of supply voltage samples for which the pre-transition state is "supply voltage droop";N 3,3 the number of supply voltage samples whose state is "supply voltage down" after the transition, among the supply voltage samples whose state is "supply voltage down" before the transition.
Therefore, through the mode, the parameters of the transfer matrix can be counted by utilizing the state transfer information of the power supply voltage samples.
S210: and determining the parameter value of the state space under the condition of Markov chain convergence according to the transition matrix, and determining the probability of the power supply voltage rise of the storage battery according to the parameter value of the state space.
For example, the converged state space can be found according to the following formulaVS’Value of (2)：
Namely:
wherein ,vs' 1 indicates the probability of the battery supply voltage rising in the state of the markov chain convergence,vs' 2 represents the probability of the battery supply voltage remaining in the state of Markov chain convergence, anvs' 3 Indicating that the battery is in a state of convergence of the Markov chainProbability of supply voltage drop.IIs an identity matrix.
Thereby being capable of being based on the parameters of the state spacevs' 1 The probability of the supply voltage of the battery rising is determined.
S212: and judging whether to over-discharge protect the storage battery or not according to the probability of the power supply voltage rise of the storage battery.
In particular, parameters such as in the state spacevs' 1 If the power supply voltage of the storage battery is lower than the predetermined probability threshold, that is, the probability of the rise of the power supply voltage of the storage battery is lower than the predetermined probability threshold, it may be determined that the power supply voltage of the storage battery will be lower than the over-discharge trigger voltage in a long time later, so as to perform over-discharge protection on the storage battery in advance, for example, turning off a discharge switch.
On the contrary, if the parameters of the state spacevs' 1 If the power supply voltage of the battery is higher than the predetermined probability threshold, that is, the probability of the power supply voltage of the battery rising is higher than the predetermined probability threshold, it can be determined that the power supply voltage of the battery will possibly rise and be higher than the over-discharge trigger voltage for a long time later. In this case, the battery may not be overdischarged. And if the power supply voltage of the storage battery is still lower than the over-discharge trigger voltage after a subsequent preset period of time, performing over-discharge protection on the storage battery.
As described in the background art, the over-discharge protection of the battery is usually performed after the voltage of the battery is lower than the over-discharge trigger voltage for a certain period of time, so that the battery may be damaged to some extent during the period of time. Although the battery can be better protected if its voltage drops below the overdischarge trigger voltage, the frequent switching off of the discharge switch is disadvantageous for the supply of the satellite load.
In view of this, according to the technical scheme of the present disclosure, at the moment when the voltage of the storage battery is lower than the over-discharge trigger voltage, a state space of the markov chain is constructed according to the trend of the change of the power supply voltage of the storage battery, and the collected power supply voltage samples of the storage battery are counted, so as to determine the transfer matrix of the markov chain. And predicting the future change trend of the power supply voltage of the storage battery according to the constructed Markov chain, and judging whether to carry out over-discharge protection on the storage battery immediately according to the prediction result without carrying out over-discharge protection after a period of time, thereby being beneficial to better avoiding the damage of over-discharge on the storage battery. Meanwhile, the future change trend of the power supply voltage is predicted based on the Markov chain, and whether over-discharge protection is carried out or not is judged according to the prediction result, so that the condition that the power supply of a load on a satellite is not facilitated due to frequent disconnection of a discharge switch is avoided. Thereby solved current battery and crossed the technical problem that the protection technology probably leads to the battery to receive the risk of damaging.
The relative arrangement of the components and steps, the numerical expressions, and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present disclosure unless specifically stated otherwise. Meanwhile, it should be understood that the sizes of the respective portions shown in the drawings are not drawn in an actual proportional relationship for the convenience of description. Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any particular value should be construed as exemplary only and not as limiting. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, further discussion thereof is not required in subsequent figures.
For ease of description, spatially relative terms such as "over 8230," "upper surface," "above," and the like may be used herein to describe the spatial positional relationship of one device or feature to other devices or features as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if a device in the figures is turned over, devices described as "above" or "on" other devices or configurations would then be oriented "below" or "under" the other devices or configurations. Thus, the exemplary terms "at 8230; \8230; above" may include both orientations "at 8230; \8230; above" and "at 8230; \8230; below". The device may be otherwise variously oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
In the description of the present disclosure, it is to be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the directional terms such as "front, rear, upper, lower, left, right", "lateral, vertical, horizontal" and "top, bottom", etc., are generally based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are presented only for the convenience of describing and simplifying the disclosure, and in the absence of a contrary indication, these directional terms are not intended to indicate and imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation or be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore, should not be taken as limiting the scope of the disclosure; the terms "inner and outer" refer to the inner and outer relative to the profile of the respective component itself.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present application should be covered within the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (8)
1. A storage battery over-discharge protection method based on a Markov chain is characterized by comprising the following steps:
collecting and storing a supply voltage value related to a supply voltage of a storage battery during a storage battery supply period;
under the condition that the power supply voltage of the storage battery is lower than the over-discharge trigger voltage, extracting a power supply voltage sample from a power supply voltage value acquired in a preset time period before a judgment moment according to a preset sampling period, wherein the judgment moment is the moment that the power supply voltage of the storage battery is lower than the over-discharge trigger voltage;
defining a state space of a Markov chain and a transition matrix according to the following states of the supply voltage of the battery: supply voltage rise, supply voltage fall, and supply voltage hold;
determining parameters of the transfer matrix according to the power supply voltage samples;
determining a parameter value of the state space under the condition that the Markov chain is converged according to the transition matrix, and determining the probability of the power supply voltage of the storage battery rising according to the parameter value of the state space; and
and judging whether the over-discharge protection is carried out on the storage battery or not according to the probability of the power supply voltage rise of the storage battery.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the operations of defining a state space of a markov chain and a transition matrix comprise:
defining a state space based on the Markov chainVS：
wherein ,vs 1 indicating the probability of the battery supply voltage rising,vs 2 representing the probability of the supply voltage of the accumulator remaining, anvs 3 Representing the probability of a drop in the battery supply voltage; and
defining a transition matrix based on the Markov chainA：
Wherein the parameter a 11 Represents the probability of a transition from the state "supply voltage rise" to the state "supply voltage rise";
parameter a 12 Indicating a transition from the state "supply voltage rising" to the state "supply voltage holdingProbability;
parameter a 13 Represents the probability of transition from the state "supply voltage up" to the state "supply voltage down";
parameter a 21 Represents the probability of a transition from the state "supply voltage hold" to the state "supply voltage rise";
parameter a 22 Represents the probability of a transition from the state "supply voltage hold" to the state "supply voltage hold";
parameter a 23 Represents the probability of a transition from the state "supply voltage hold" to the state "supply voltage drop";
parameter a 31 Represents the probability of a transition from the state "supply voltage down" to the state "supply voltage up";
parameter a 32 Represents the probability of a transition from the state "supply voltage down" to the state "supply voltage hold"; and
parameter a 33 Indicating the probability of transitioning from the state "supply voltage droop" to the state "supply voltage droop".
3. The method of claim 2, wherein determining the parameters of the transfer matrix from the supply voltage samples comprises:
determining a first state and a second state of the respective supply voltage samples, wherein the first state is indicative of a state of the respective supply voltage sample relative to a previous supply voltage sample, and the second state is indicative of a state of a subsequent supply voltage sample of the respective supply voltage sample relative to the respective supply voltage sample; and
determining the transition matrix according to the first state and the second state of each supply voltage sampleAThe parameter (c) of (c).
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the transition matrix is determined based on the first and second states of each supply voltage sampleAComprising determining the parameters according to the following formulaTransfer matrixAThe parameters of (2):
wherein N 1 The number of supply voltage samples for which the first state is "supply voltage up";N 1,1 the number of supply voltage samples in which the first state is "supply voltage rise" and the second state is "supply voltage rise" is set as the number of supply voltage samples in which the first state is "supply voltage rise";N 1,2 the number of supply voltage samples in which the first state is "supply voltage up" and the second state is "supply voltage hold" is set as the number of supply voltage samples in which the first state is "supply voltage up";N 1,3 the number of supply voltage samples in which the first state is "supply voltage up" and the second state is "supply voltage down" is set as the number of supply voltage samples in which the first state is "supply voltage up";N 2 a number of supply voltage samples for which the first state is "supply voltage hold";N 2,1 the number of supply voltage samples in which the first state is "supply voltage hold" and the second state is "supply voltage rise" is the number of supply voltage samples in which the first state is "supply voltage hold";N 2,2 the number of supply voltage samples in which the first state is supply voltage hold and the second state is supply voltage hold, among the supply voltage samples in which the first state is supply voltage hold;N 2,3 the number of supply voltage samples in which the first state is "supply voltage hold", and the second state is "supply voltage drop", is the number of supply voltage samples in which the first state is "supply voltage hold";N 3 a number of supply voltage samples for which the first state is "supply voltage down";N 3,1 the number of supply voltage samples in which the first state is "supply voltage down" and the second state is "supply voltage up" is the number of supply voltage samples in which the first state is "supply voltage down";N 3,2 the number of supply voltage samples in which the first state is "supply voltage down" and the second state is "supply voltage hold" among the supply voltage samples in which the first state is "supply voltage down"; andN 3,3 in the power supply voltage sample with the first state of power supply voltage reduction, the second state is power supplyNumber of supply voltage samples that are voltage dropped ".
5. The method of claim 3, wherein determining, from the transition matrix, the values of the parameters of the state space with convergence of the Markov chain comprises:
determining a state space under convergence of the Markov chain according to the following formulaVS’The parameters of (2):
wherein ,vs' 1 indicates the probability of the battery supply voltage rising in the state of the markov chain convergence,vs' 2 represents the probability of the battery supply voltage remaining in the state of Markov chain convergence, anvs' 3 This indicates the probability of the battery supply voltage dropping in the state where the markov chain converges.
6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the operation of determining the probability of the supply voltage of the accumulator rising according to the parameter values of the state space comprises: according to the parameters of the state spacevs' 1 Determining a probability of a rise in the supply voltage of the battery.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein determining whether to over-discharge protect the battery based on the probability of the supply voltage of the battery rising comprises: and under the condition that the probability of the power supply voltage of the storage battery rising is lower than a preset probability threshold value, performing over-discharge protection on the storage battery.
8. The method of claim 7, further comprising: in the case where the probability of the rise of the supply voltage of the battery is not lower than the predetermined probability threshold, the over-discharge protection is not performed on the battery, and
and after the preset time, under the condition that the power supply voltage of the storage battery is still lower than the over-discharge trigger voltage, performing over-discharge protection on the storage battery.
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