CN115930550A - 一种利用液化天然气进行碳捕集*** - Google Patents
一种利用液化天然气进行碳捕集*** Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000009919 sequestration Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
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- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 9
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
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- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000035 biogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- VTVVPPOHYJJIJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon dioxide;hydrate Chemical compound O.O=C=O VTVVPPOHYJJIJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
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- F25J3/04527—Integration with an oxygen consuming unit, e.g. glass facility, waste incineration or oxygen based processes in general
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种利用液化天然气进行碳捕集***,包括冷箱、空气精馏塔、混合燃烧器、透平机、换热器、废弃冷却器、气体分离装置、超临界二氧化碳压缩机、海底换热器、超临界二氧化碳透平机、海底冷却器、海底岩穴储气库。与现有技术相比,本发明的积极效果是:本发明集LNG冷能利用、空气制氧、富氧发电、海底碳封存为一体,优点通过多级换热降低设备负荷、提高冷能利用率,海底碳封存实现二氧化碳的零排放,应用前景广阔、低碳环保、利用率高。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种利用液化天然气进行碳捕集***,具体涉及LNG冷能利用制取纯氧、燃烧发电、尾气进行二氧化碳捕集进行海底封存。
背景技术
天然气是由不同成分按一定的比例组成的混合物,其主要成分是碳氢化合物,包括甲烷、乙烷、丙烷、丁烷等,其中甲烷占90%以上。LNG即液化天然气(Liquefied NaturalGas),是将气田生产的天然气净化处理后,经一连串超低温液化而获得常压下是液体的天然气,被公认是地球上最干净的化石能源。一般液化天然气在普通大气压下,通过降温到约-162℃来液化。
近年来,温室效应备受关注,研究显示,大气中的CO2是对温室效应影响最大的气体之一。它产生的增温效应为总增温效应的63%左右。我国作为碳排放大国,面临着严峻的碳减排压力。地热能作为无污染的清洁能源,储量巨大,是可再生生源的重要发展方向。地球表面被海洋覆盖海底有着更丰富的地热资源。
本发明将LNG气化、冷能制氧、LNG发电、海底碳封存等技术跨领域结合,优点是降低能耗,提高冷能利用率,实现碳的零排放。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题,本发明提供了一种利用液化天然气进行碳捕集***,利用液化天然气冷能进行带碳捕集海底封存集成***,利用LNG冷能将空气液化制取纯氧,纯氧和天然气混合燃烧发电,发电后尾气进行二氧化碳捕集,封存在海底废气枯竭型储气库,旨在降低LNG气化过程中的能量损失,提高能源利用率,将低碳排放,满足社会低碳发展的需要。
本发明采用如下技术方案来实现:
一种利用液化天然气进行碳捕集***,包括LNG储罐、增压泵、冷箱、第一换热器、空气精馏塔、空气过滤装置、空气压缩机、空气干燥装置、第二换器、空气膨胀机、混合燃烧器、透平机、第三换热器、废气冷却器、超临界二氧化碳压缩机、海底换热器、超临界二氧化碳透平机、海底冷却器、海底岩穴储气库。
其中,LNG储罐出口连接增压泵,增压泵出口连接冷箱,冷箱出口连接第一换热器、换热器出口连接至混合燃烧器;空气过滤装置依次连接空气压缩机、空气干燥装置、第二换热器、冷箱、空气膨胀机、空气精馏塔液相入口;空气精馏塔上部气相出口依次连接第一换热器、冷箱、第二换热器;空气精馏塔下部液相出口依次连接冷箱、第三换热器混合燃烧器;混合燃烧器废气出口依次连接透平机、第三换热器、废气冷却器、气体分离装置、超临界二氧化碳压缩机、超临界二氧化碳透平机、海底冷却器、海底岩穴储气库。
与现有技术相比,本发明的积极效果为:
本发明将LNG冷能利用制氧、富氧发电及尾气回收、碳的海底封存集于一体,优点是充分利用LNG气化时的冷能、捕获二氧化碳封存于废气的海底储气库,可实现低碳环保的前提下,提高LNG冷能利用率和发电效率。
进一步,本发明的尾气剥离装置利用的是选择性透过膜,相比传统工艺更为快捷和简单,降低成本,更安全绿色。
进一步,二氧化碳以水合物的形式封存更安全,二氧化碳不易泄露,不会影响水质和生态环境。
进一步,海底压力大可以减小二氧化碳储存的压力差,降低运输管道的强度要求。
附图说明
图1为一种利用液化天然气进行碳捕集***示意图:
图中:1LNG储罐、2增压泵、3冷箱、4第一换热器、5、减压阀、6空气精馏塔、7空气过滤装置、8空气压缩机、9空气干燥装置、10第二换热器、11空气膨胀机、12混合燃烧器、13透平机、14第三换热器、15废气冷却器、16气体分离装置、17超临界二氧化碳压缩机、18海底换热器、19超临界二氧化碳透平、20海底冷却器、21海底岩穴储气库
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明进行详细说明。
在本发明的描述中,需要理解的是,术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外,术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的,而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此,限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本发明的描述中,除非另有说明,“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。在本发明的描述中,需要说明的是,除非另有明确的规定和限定,术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解,例如,可以是固定连接,也可以是可拆卸连接,或一体地连接;可以是机械连接,也可以是电连接;可以是直接相连,也可以通过中间媒介间接相连,可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
一种利用液化天然气进行碳捕集***,包括LNG储罐1、增压泵2、冷箱3、第一换热器4、空气精馏塔6、空气过滤装置7、空气压缩机8、空气干燥装置9、第二换热器10、空气膨胀机11、混合燃烧器12、透平机13、第三换热器14、废气冷却器15、废气冷却器16、超临界二氧化碳压缩机17、海底换热器18、超临界二氧化碳透平机19、海底冷却器20、海底岩穴储气库21。
其中,LNG储罐1出口连接增压泵2,增压泵2出口连接冷箱3,冷箱3出口连接第一换热器4、经过减压阀后换连接至混合燃烧器12;空气过滤装置7依次连接空气压缩机8、空气干燥装置9、第二换热器10、冷箱3、空气膨胀11、空气精馏塔6液相入口;空气精馏塔上6部气相出口依次连接第一换热器10、冷箱3、第二换热器10;空气精馏塔6下部液相出口依次连接冷箱3、第三换热器14、混合燃烧12;混合燃烧器12废气出口依次连接透平机13、第三换热器14、废气冷却器15、气体分离装置16、超临界二氧化碳压缩机17、海底换热器18、超临界二氧化碳透平机19、海底冷却器20、海底岩穴储气库21。
来自LNG储罐1的低压LNG经过增压泵2增压至高压状态经过冷箱3、将冷能回收利用,冷能回收利用后LNG气化为低温高压天然气经过第一换热器4与来自空气精馏塔6上部出口的低温氮气进行换热进行第二次冷能回收,经过换热的低温高压天然气经过减压阀5,降低压力输送至混合燃烧器12进行富氧燃烧;空气经过空气过滤装置7将空气中的颗粒进行过滤,经过初步过滤后的空气进入空气压缩机8压缩为高压空气输送至空气干燥装置9,将压缩过程中形成的水进行干燥,干燥后的空气经第二换热器10与来自冷箱3的低温氮气进行换热,将空气温度降低,降低温度后的高压空气进入冷箱3与冷箱3内的冷能换热进一步降温,出冷箱的低温高压空气经过空气膨胀机11后压力降低,并对外做工,降低压力后的低温低压空气进入空气精馏塔6进行精馏,低温氮气从空气精馏塔6上部出口流出经过第一换热器4与天然气进行换热后进入冷箱3回收冷能、出冷箱3后进入第二换热器10与空气进行换热,换热后成为常温氮气进行放空处理;液氧从空气精馏塔6下部液相出口流出进入冷箱3,冷箱3将液氧的冷能进行回收,回收后经过第三换热器14将低温氧气进行预热后输送至混合燃烧器12;混合燃烧器12内进行富氧燃烧,燃烧后的高温尾气进入透平机13进行发电外输,经过透平机13的尾气经过第三换热器14与低温氧气进行换热,尾气温度初步降低,然后输送至废气冷却器15进一步降低温度后输送至气体分离装置16。气体分离装置16仅会将二氧化碳分离出来,分离出来的二氧化碳进入超临界二氧化碳压缩机17、将二氧化碳压缩至低温高压状态,随后输送至海底换热器18与海水进行换热保冷,然后输送中超临界二氧化碳透平机19进行膨胀做工,为海底设备提供电能,后输送至海底冷却器20中达到二氧化碳水合物生产所需的低温状态,最后封存于海底岩穴储气库21中。
以上所述,仅为本发明的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到变化或替换,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此,本发明的保护范围应所述以权利要求的保护范围为准。
Claims (2)
1.一种利用液化天然气进行碳捕集***,其特征在于,包括LNG储罐1、增压泵2、冷箱3、第一换热器4、减压阀5、空气精馏塔6、空气过滤装置7、空气压缩机8、空气干燥装置9、第二换热器10、空气膨胀机11、混合燃烧器12、透平机13、第三换热器14、废气冷却器15、废气冷却器16、超临界二氧化碳压缩机17、海底换热器18、超临界二氧化碳透平机19、海底冷却器20、海底岩穴储气库21。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种利用液化天然气进行碳捕集***,其特征在于第一换热器4与混合燃烧器12之间设置减压阀5。
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