CN115896515A - Preparation method of shell-like W-Al armor material - Google Patents
Preparation method of shell-like W-Al armor material Download PDFInfo
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- CN115896515A CN115896515A CN202211608453.3A CN202211608453A CN115896515A CN 115896515 A CN115896515 A CN 115896515A CN 202211608453 A CN202211608453 A CN 202211608453A CN 115896515 A CN115896515 A CN 115896515A
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Inorganic materials O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 65
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241001391944 Commicarpus scandens Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910003271 Ni-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000711 U alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001080 W alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl N-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-oxomorpholin-4-yl)phenyl]carbamate Chemical compound OC1=C(NC(=O)OCC2=CC=CC=C2)C=CC(=C1)N1CCOCC1=O FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011664 nicotinic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium(0) Chemical compound [U] JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a shell-like W-Al armor material, which comprises the following steps: step 1, ball-milling W powder and Al powder respectively to obtain a W sheet layer and an Al sheet layer; step 2, uniformly mixing the W sheet layer and the Al sheet layer obtained in the step 1, pressing a green body, and heating and insulating the green body to obtain a W/Al composite material green body; and 3, carrying out hot rolling treatment on the W/Al composite material green body obtained in the step 2 to obtain the shell-like W/Al armor material. The method solves the problems of high density and poor toughness of the existing armor material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of composite material preparation, and relates to a preparation method of a shell-like W-Al armor material.
Background
Armor protection is the basic requirement of battlefield existence, lacks the protection, and weaponry such as tank, armored vehicle, armed helicopter are difficult to survive, and effective protection is the important guarantee of seizing land, sea, empty universe battlefield victory. With the unprecedented fierce confrontation degree of modern wars, the damage capability of anti-armor weapons such as armor-piercing bombs, armor-breaking bombs and the like is continuously improved, and the threat of military equipment protective armor is more prominent. In the face of harsh service environments such as high-speed short-time impact of the projectile, high stress strain during medium projectile, high temperature and high pressure during the action of the projectile and the like, the protective armor needs to crush the projectile and absorb or redistribute the generated energy so as to delay or prevent the penetration of the projectile, so that the protective armor has higher impact resistance and penetration resistance requirements on protective armor materials, and is required to have the characteristics of high melting point, high hardness, high strength, high toughness and the like. Meanwhile, in the future war, rapid response and rapid deployment are pursued, and in order to improve the combat maneuverability and flexibility of weaponry, armor materials need to be developed towards light weight under the condition of ensuring that the protection capability is not reduced. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop high strength, high toughness, lightweight armor protective materials.
The depleted uranium alloy has good protection effect when being used as an armor material due to high density and high hardness, but has fatal defects of radiation pollution and the like. Compared with other armor materials, the tungsten alloy armor is heavier, but has better protection effect due to the advantages of high hardness, high strength and the like, has the strength 50% higher than that of a steel armor and 85% higher than that of an aluminum alloy armor under high-speed impact, can defend physical attack with certain energy and reduce the damage degree of a protection target, and becomes one of ideal candidate materials for armor protection. However, because the polycrystalline metal W has high room temperature brittleness and high ductile-brittle transition temperature, it is easy to break and fracture under the action of high energy impact load, and it is difficult to meet the requirement of high toughness of armor materials. Addition of an alloying element that forms a solid solution with W or a plastic metal having an FCC structure can improve the mobility of dislocations by increasing the slip plane and improve the energy required for fracture, thereby achieving the effect of toughening. However, the materials of W-Re, W-Cu, W-Ni-Fe and the like with improved toughness have higher density, so that the weight of the armor protective layer is increased more and more, and the combat maneuverability and the quick response capability of weapon equipment are seriously influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a shell-like W-Al armor material, which solves the problems of high density and poor toughness of the existing armor material.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the preparation method of the shell-like W-Al armor material is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, performing ball milling on W powder and Al powder respectively to obtain a W sheet layer and an Al sheet layer;
step 2, uniformly mixing the W sheet layer and the Al sheet layer obtained in the step 1, pressing a green body, and heating and insulating the green body to obtain a W/Al composite material green body;
and 3, carrying out hot rolling treatment on the W/Al composite material green body obtained in the step 2 to obtain the shell-like W/Al armor material.
The present invention is also characterized in that,
in step 1, the particle size of W powder is 6-8 μm, and the average particle size of Al powder is 50 μm.
In the step 1, the ball milling process comprises the following steps: putting zirconium dioxide grinding balls, W powder and Al powder into a polytetrafluoroethylene ball-milling tank respectively, and carrying out ball-milling on a planetary high-energy ball mill for 4-8 h at the rotating speed of 400-800 r/min;
before ball milling, the ball milling tank is vacuumized, filled with argon and repeatedly carried out for three times.
The grinding balls are mixed with different diameters for use, the diameters of the grinding balls are respectively 8mm, 5mm and 3mm, and the mixture ratio is 3.
In the step 2, the mass of the W sheet layer accounts for 50-90% of the total mass of the W sheet layer and the Al sheet layer, and the mass of the Al sheet layer accounts for 50-10% of the total mass of the W sheet layer and the Al sheet layer.
In the step 2, the powder mixing process comprises the following steps: putting zirconium dioxide grinding balls, W sheet layers and Al sheet layers into a polytetrafluoroethylene ball-milling tank, and mixing for 1-4 h on a mixer at the rotating speed of 100-300 r/min;
before mixing the powder, the ball milling tank is vacuumized, filled with argon and repeatedly carried out for three times.
The grinding balls are mixed with different diameters for use, the diameters of the grinding balls are respectively 8mm, 5mm and 3mm, and the mixture ratio is 3.
In the step 2, the pressing pressure is 340MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 60s.
In the step 2, the heating rate is 50 ℃/min to 80 ℃/min, the heating temperature is 600 ℃ to 650 ℃, the heat preservation time is 20min to 60min, the pressing pressure in the heat preservation process is 30Mpa, and the vacuum degree in the hot pressing process is not more than 10 -1 MPa。
In the step 3, the hot rolling treatment temperature is 500-600 ℃, and the rolling deformation is 1-10%.
The preparation method of the shell-like structure W-Al armor material has the beneficial effects that based on the characteristics of high strength and hardness of W, high toughness of Al and impact resistance, light and ductile metal Al is introduced into the W-based armor material, so that the high hardness and high strength of the W-based armor material are ensured, and the effects of toughening and weight reduction are achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of making a shell-like W-Al armor material of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a microstructure diagram of the shell-like W/Al composite material prepared by the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
The invention provides a preparation method of a shell-like W-Al armor material, which is implemented according to the following steps as shown in figure 1:
step 1, respectively putting W powder and Al powder and zirconium dioxide grinding balls into a polytetrafluoroethylene ball-milling tank, wherein the ball-material ratio is 20;
the granularity of W powder is 6-8 μm, and the average granularity of Al powder is 50 μm;
the grinding balls are mixed with different diameters for use, the diameters of the grinding balls are respectively 8mm, 5mm and 3mm, and the mixture ratio is 3;
step 2, putting the W sheet layer, the Al sheet layer and the zirconium dioxide grinding balls obtained in the step 1 into a polytetrafluoroethylene ball-milling tank, wherein the ball-material ratio is 3; pressing at 340MPa for 60s to obtain a green body
Heating the green body to 600-650 ℃ at a heating rate of 50-80 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 20-60 min, wherein the pressing pressure is 30MPa in the heat preservation process, and the vacuum degree is not more than 10 in the hot pressing process -1 Mpa to obtain a W/Al composite material green body and construct a W/Al micro-laminated structure;
wherein the mass of the W sheet layer accounts for 50-90% of the total mass of the W sheet layer and the Al sheet layer, and the mass of the Al sheet layer accounts for 50-10% of the total mass of the W sheet layer and the Al sheet layer;
the grinding balls are mixed with different diameters for use, the diameters of the grinding balls are respectively 8mm, 5mm and 3mm, and the mixture ratio is 3;
and 3, rolling the W/Al composite material green blank obtained in the step 2 at the temperature of 500-600 ℃ for deformation by 1-10%, and reasonably matching (hot rolling) deformation treatment and heat treatment processes to realize accurate control of the thickness of a sheet layer, the thickness ratio of the layer and the phase and content of interface intermetallic compounds to obtain the shell structure-like W/Al armor material.
The preparation method of the shell-like structure W-Al armor material is based on the design idea of a material structure of soft-hard alternate superposition of shell-like nacre layers to prepare the bionic micro laminated structure W/Al armor material, and the impact toughness of the material can be improved by utilizing the configuration design of multiple interfaces of the laminated structure. Meanwhile, the proper growth of intermetallic compounds of the interface of the micro-laminated structure is beneficial to the metallurgical bonding of the interface on one hand and improves the bonding strength of the interface; on the other hand, the interface intermetallic compound is favorable for consuming impact energy.
Example 1
Step 1, respectively putting W powder and Al powder and zirconium dioxide grinding balls into a polytetrafluoroethylene ball-milling tank, wherein the ball-material ratio is 20;
the granularity of W powder is 6-8 μm, and the average granularity of Al powder is 50 μm;
the grinding balls are mixed with different diameters for use, the diameters of the grinding balls are respectively 8mm, 5mm and 3mm, and the mixture ratio is 3;
step 2, putting the W sheet layer, the Al sheet layer and the zirconium dioxide grinding balls obtained in the step 1 into a polytetrafluoroethylene ball-milling tank, wherein the ball-material ratio is 3; pressing at 340MPa for 60s to obtain a green body
Heating the green body to 600 deg.C at a heating rate of 50 deg.C/min, maintaining the temperature for 60min, wherein the pressing pressure is 30MPa, and the vacuum degree is not more than 10 -1 Mpa to obtain a W/Al composite material green body;
wherein the mass of the W sheet layer accounts for 90% of the total mass of the W sheet layer and the Al sheet layer, and the mass of the Al sheet layer accounts for 10% of the total mass of the W sheet layer and the Al sheet layer;
the grinding balls are mixed with different diameters for use, the diameters of the grinding balls are respectively 8mm, 5mm and 3mm, and the mixture ratio is 3;
and 3, rolling and deforming the W/Al composite material green blank obtained in the step 2 by 1% at the temperature of 500 ℃, and reasonably matching (hot rolling) deformation treatment and heat treatment processes to realize accurate control of the thickness of a sheet layer, the layer thickness ratio and the phase and content of interface intermetallic compounds to obtain the shell-like structure W/Al armor material.
Example 2
Step 1, respectively putting W powder and Al powder and zirconium dioxide grinding balls into a polytetrafluoroethylene ball-milling tank, wherein the ball-material ratio is 20;
the granularity of W powder is 6-8 μm, and the average granularity of Al powder is 50 μm;
the grinding balls are mixed with different diameters for use, the diameters of the grinding balls are respectively 8mm, 5mm and 3mm, and the mixture ratio is 3;
step 2, putting the W sheet layer, the Al sheet layer and the zirconium dioxide grinding balls obtained in the step 1 into a polytetrafluoroethylene ball-milling tank, wherein the ball-material ratio is 3; pressing at 340MPa for 60s to obtain a green body
Heating the green body to 650 deg.C at a heating rate of 60 deg.C/min, maintaining the temperature for 30min, wherein the pressing pressure is 30MPa, and the vacuum degree is not more than 10 -1 Mpa to obtain a W/Al composite material green body;
wherein the mass of the W sheet layer accounts for 60% of the total mass of the W sheet layer and the Al sheet layer, and the mass of the Al sheet layer accounts for 30% of the total mass of the W sheet layer and the Al sheet layer;
the grinding balls are mixed with different diameters for use, the diameters of the grinding balls are respectively 8mm, 5mm and 3mm, and the mixture ratio is 3;
and 3, rolling and deforming the W/Al composite material green blank obtained in the step 2 by 5% at the temperature of 600 ℃, and reasonably matching (hot rolling) deformation treatment and heat treatment processes to realize accurate control of the thickness of a sheet layer, the layer thickness ratio and the phase and content of interface intermetallic compounds to obtain the shell-like structure W/Al armor material.
Example 3
Step 1, respectively putting W powder and Al powder and zirconium dioxide grinding balls into a polytetrafluoroethylene ball-milling tank, wherein the ball-material ratio is 20;
the granularity of W powder is 6-8 μm, and the average granularity of Al powder is 50 μm;
the grinding balls are mixed with different diameters for use, the diameters of the grinding balls are respectively 8mm, 5mm and 3mm, and the mixture ratio is 3;
step 2, putting the W sheet layer, the Al sheet layer and the zirconium dioxide grinding balls obtained in the step 1 into a polytetrafluoroethylene ball-milling tank, wherein the ball-material ratio is 3; pressing at 340MPa for 60s to obtain a green body
Heating the green body to 600 deg.C at a heating rate of 60 deg.C/min, maintaining the temperature for 30min, wherein the pressing pressure is 30MPa, and the vacuum degree is not more than 10 -1 Mpa to obtain a W/Al composite material green body;
wherein the mass of the W sheet layer accounts for 50% of the total mass of the W sheet layer and the Al sheet layer, and the mass of the Al sheet layer accounts for 50% of the total mass of the W sheet layer and the Al sheet layer;
the grinding balls are mixed with different diameters for use, the diameters of the grinding balls are respectively 8mm, 5mm and 3mm, and the mixture ratio is 3;
and 3, rolling the W/Al composite material green blank obtained in the step 2 at the temperature of 600 ℃ for 10% deformation, and reasonably matching (hot rolling) the deformation treatment and the heat treatment process to accurately control the thickness of the sheet layer, the layer thickness ratio and the phase and content of the interface intermetallic compound so as to obtain the shell-like W/Al armor material.
Example 4
Step 1, respectively putting W powder and Al powder and zirconium dioxide grinding balls into a polytetrafluoroethylene ball-milling tank, wherein the ball-material ratio is 20;
the granularity of W powder is 6-8 μm, and the average granularity of Al powder is 50 μm;
the grinding balls are mixed with different diameters for use, the diameters of the grinding balls are respectively 8mm, 5mm and 3mm, and the mixture ratio is 3;
step 2, putting the W sheet layer, the Al sheet layer and the zirconium dioxide grinding balls obtained in the step 1 into a polytetrafluoroethylene ball-milling tank, wherein the ball-material ratio is 3; pressing at 340MPa for 60s to obtain a green body
Heating the green body to 650 deg.C at a heating rate of 80 deg.C/min, maintaining the temperature for 20min, wherein the pressing pressure is 30MPa, and the vacuum degree is not more than 10 -1 Mpa to obtain a W/Al composite material green body;
wherein the mass of the W sheet layer accounts for 90% of the total mass of the W sheet layer and the Al sheet layer, and the mass of the Al sheet layer accounts for 10% of the total mass of the W sheet layer and the Al sheet layer;
the grinding balls are mixed with different diameters for use, the diameters of the grinding balls are respectively 8mm, 5mm and 3mm, and the mixture ratio is 3;
and 3, rolling and deforming the W/Al composite material green blank obtained in the step 2 by 1% at the temperature of 500 ℃, and reasonably matching (hot rolling) deformation treatment and heat treatment processes to realize accurate control of the thickness of a sheet layer, the layer thickness ratio and the phase and content of interface intermetallic compounds to obtain the shell-like structure W/Al armor material.
As can be seen from FIG. 2, by utilizing the respective advantages of W and Al, the material is organically combined with high strength and high toughness in a coordinated manner, and meanwhile, through the design of a laminated structure, a multi-layer structure is formed at a micrometer scale, so that the material interface is increased, when the material is subjected to impact load, the crack is frequently deflected by the interface and the toughness layer, the crack propagation resistance is increased, more penetration energy is consumed, and the composite material is toughened. Meanwhile, a small amount of intermetallic compounds are beneficial to interface metallurgical bonding and have a strengthening effect.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the shell-like W-Al armor material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, performing ball milling on W powder and Al powder respectively to obtain a W sheet layer and an Al sheet layer;
step 2, uniformly mixing the W sheet layer and the Al sheet layer obtained in the step 1, pressing a green body, and heating and insulating the green body to obtain a W/Al composite material green body;
and 3, carrying out hot rolling treatment on the W/Al composite material green blank obtained in the step 2 to obtain the shell structure-imitated W/Al armor material.
2. The method for preparing a shell-like structure W-Al armor material according to claim 1, wherein in step 1, the particle size of W powder is 6-8 μm, and the average particle size of Al powder is 50 μm.
3. The preparation method of the shell-like structure W-Al armor material according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the ball milling process comprises the following steps: putting zirconium dioxide grinding balls, W powder and Al powder into a polytetrafluoroethylene ball-milling tank respectively, and carrying out ball-milling on a planetary high-energy ball mill at the rotating speed of 400-800 r/min for 4-8 h;
before ball milling, the ball milling tank is vacuumized, filled with argon gas and repeatedly processed for three times.
4. The method for preparing the shell-like structure W-Al armor material according to claim 3, wherein the grinding balls are mixed with different diameters, the diameters of the grinding balls are respectively 8mm, 5mm and 3mm, and the mixture ratio is 3.
5. The preparation method of the shell-like structure W-Al armor material according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the mass of the W sheet layer accounts for 50% -90% of the total mass of the W sheet layer and the Al sheet layer, and the mass of the Al sheet layer accounts for 50% -10% of the total mass of the W sheet layer and the Al sheet layer.
6. The method for preparing the shell-like W-Al armor material according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the powder mixing process comprises the following steps: putting zirconium dioxide grinding balls, W sheet layers and Al sheet layers into a polytetrafluoroethylene ball-milling tank, and mixing for 1-4 h on a mixer at the rotating speed of 100-300 r/min;
before mixing the powder, the ball milling tank is vacuumized, filled with argon and repeatedly carried out for three times.
7. The method for preparing the shell structure-imitated W-Al armor material according to claim 6, wherein grinding balls are mixed with different diameters, the diameters of the grinding balls are respectively 8mm, 5mm and 3mm, and the mixture ratio is 3.
8. The method for preparing a shell-like W-Al armor material according to claim 1, wherein in step 2, the pressing pressure is 340MPa, and the dwell time is 60s.
9. The method for preparing the shell-like W-Al armor material according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the heating rate is 50 ℃/min to 80 ℃/min, the heating temperature is 600 ℃ to 650 ℃, the heat preservation time is 20min to 60min, the pressing pressure in the heat preservation process is 30MPa, and the vacuum degree in the hot pressing process is not more than 10 -1 MPa。
10. The method for preparing the shell-like W-Al armor material according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3, the hot rolling temperature is 500-600 ℃, and the rolling deformation is 1-10%.
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| US8105967B1 (en) * | 2007-10-05 | 2012-01-31 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Lightweight ballistic armor including non-ceramic-infiltrated reaction-bonded-ceramic composite material |
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