CN115889396A - Industrial utilization-based field crop straw grading method and device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a field crop straw grading method and device based on industrial utilization, wherein the field crop straw grading method comprises the following steps: mechanically combing the straws to enable the vascular tissue and the thin-walled tissue of the straws to be dissociated to obtain a prefabricated mixed material, and then carrying out grading treatment on the prefabricated mixed material to obtain a long fiber material and a short fiber material. Aiming at the problem that the industrial utilization of the straws is lack of a fine grading mode, the invention grades the straw materials into long fibers and short fibers in a mechanical carding-grading mode, so that the graded materials can meet different industrial utilization requirements, and are easier to compress, thereby reducing the transportation and storage cost. The invention overcomes the problems of large grading energy consumption, high cost and low efficiency caused by the use of steam medium in the traditional organization grading mode.

Description

Industrial utilization-based field crop straw grading method and device

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of straw grading, and relates to a field crop straw grading method and device based on industrial utilization.

Background

The straw resource is large in quantity and wide in range, compared with other utilization ways (such as feed utilization, fertilizer utilization and the like) in a plurality of utilization ways of the straw, the additional value of industrial utilization is higher, and meanwhile, the straw is used as a raw material to replace wood, grain and fossil energy and is an important means for industrial utilization.

The composition of the straw is not uniform, and for the composition of the straw of the gramineous crops, the straw is mainly composed of skin, stalk and leaves on the organ and sub-organ level; in terms of organization level, the straw mainly consists of vascular tissues and parenchyma tissues; on a molecular level, straw is essentially composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, among other molecules.

At present, the properties of straw raw materials required for different industrial applications are also different. For example, what is needed in the fermentation industry is a straw feedstock that is porous, loose, and high in cellulose and hemicellulose content, thereby reducing the intensity and energy consumption of pretreatment and increasing the yield of fermentable sugars and their downstream fermentation products, while the structurally dense, high lignin content components are detrimental to the enzymatic production of fermentable sugars and their downstream fermentation products. For pulping and papermaking, the thin-walled tissue has adverse effects on the operational performance of a paper machine and the quality of finished paper due to thin cell wall and large cavity. Therefore, in order to realize the further processing and utilization of straw resources in different downstream industries, the straw can not be utilized indiscriminately, which not only increases the treatment cost of downstream factories, but also increases the waste yield, so that the high-value-added resource of one industry is changed into the waste of another industry. On the contrary, the grading is necessarily realized before the straws enter each factory, straw raw materials with adaptive attributes are provided for different factories, and only then, the high-valued operation of the whole industrial system taking the straws as the raw materials can be realized.

Furthermore, dust produced during the industrial use of straw is undesirable for almost all industries. Dust is used as a useless substance, and if the dust is mixed into straw raw materials, the equipment cost and the energy consumption cost required by dust removal are increased, and meanwhile, the transportation cost is also increased.

In short, in order to realize the industrialized high value-added utilization of straw resources, the straw needs to be utilized in a grading way. The straw grading mode comprises the grading of organ and sub-organ layers, such as the separation of skin and stalk leaves, the grading of tissue layers, the separation of vascular tissues and parenchyma tissues and the like; molecular layer grading: such as the separation of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin.

The advantage of the skin-stalk-leaf separation lies in breaking through the traditional thought of uniformly utilizing the straws without distinction, but the skin-stalk-leaf separation is still a relatively extensive separation mode. The skin stalk leaf separation equipment published in the prior art is fixed equipment, the treatment efficiency is low, if the treatment efficiency is increased, the equipment is huge in size, and the integration or matching with a harvester cannot be realized, so that the straw raw material cannot be graded and homogenized before entering a plant, and the selective matching and the high value-added utilization of the raw material cannot be mentioned.

The grading of the straw organization layer is carried out before entering the factory, so that products with adaptive attributes can be provided for different types of factories, and the economic efficiency of the comprehensive straw utilization system is improved. The best way is to associate the grading with the straw harvest. At present, the classification of the organization layer of the straw can not be realized by a pure mechanical means, the efficiency and the structure of the straw can reach the degree matched with a large-scale combine harvester, and meanwhile, the method and the device can keep low-cost operation.

The molecular level fractionation has the advantage that cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin raw materials with relatively high purity can be obtained, and the molecular level fractionation is very suitable for the conversion of downstream industries. But the problems of complex flow, high energy consumption, large occupied area, unsuitability for completion before entering a factory and incapability of matching the efficiency with a harvester. Moreover, some products such as plates, animal sands, absorbents, etc. are adversely affected by molecular level fractionation due to more emphasis on the physical properties of the raw materials. The grading of the organization layer surface enables grading to reach a more refined degree, improves the uniformity of materials, and simultaneously ensures the grading high efficiency, and the grading device can be integrated or matched with a grain combine harvester. In addition, because the physical straw of the straw is not greatly damaged by the grading mode, the graded material can be adapted to almost all straw downstream industrial categories.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a field crop straw grading method and device based on industrial utilization, aiming at the problem that the industrial utilization of straws is lack of a high-efficiency and fine grading mode, the straw materials are graded into long fibers and short fibers in a mechanical carding-grading mode, so that the graded materials can meet different industrial utilization requirements, and are easier to compress, thereby reducing the transportation and storage cost. The invention overcomes the problems of large grading energy consumption, high cost and low efficiency caused by the use of steam medium in the traditional organization grading mode.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

in a first aspect, the present invention provides a field crop straw grading method based on industrial utilization, comprising:

the method comprises the steps of mechanically combing straws to enable vascular tissues and thin-walled tissues of the straws to be dissociated to obtain a prefabricated mixed material, and then carrying out grading treatment on the prefabricated mixed material to obtain a long fiber material and a short fiber material.

According to the invention, a mechanical combing and decomposing mode is adopted to apply acting force with a certain mode and magnitude to the straws, and the two tissues are separated from each other based on the difference of mechanical properties of vascular tissues and thin-wall tissues. After mechanical carding, further grading treatment is carried out, based on the difference of the shapes and sizes of the vascular tissue and the parenchyma tissue, the separation of the vascular tissue and the parenchyma tissue is realized through the coupling action of stirring and screening, the straw materials are graded into long fibers and short fibers, and raw materials with uniform composition and adaptive properties can be provided for downstream straw utilization industry.

It should be noted that any process of achieving separation of vascular tissue and parenchyma tissue from each other based on the difference in mechanical properties of the two tissues should be considered as a combing process. The combing solution is to separate the vascular tissue and the parenchyma tissue, and make the shapes of the vascular tissue and the parenchyma tissue generate larger difference, so as to prepare for subsequent grading.

As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the vascular structure of the long fiber material accounts for more than or equal to 70 percent. The thin-walled structure of the short fiber material accounts for more than or equal to 70 percent.

The length-diameter ratio of the long fiber material is more than or equal to 2. The length-diameter ratio of the short fiber material is less than 2.

As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the mechanical carding adopts any one or a combination of at least two of multi-stage rolling, flail knife crushing, fixed knife cutting or rubbing grinding.

According to the straw type, the water content, the harvesting mode and the downstream industrial application, any one or at least two of multi-stage rolling, flail knife crushing, fixed knife cutting or kneading and grinding can be adopted, and based on the obvious difference of the mechanical properties of the vascular tissue and the parenchyma of the straw, such as the difference of hardness, adhesiveness and elastic modulus, the mechanical combing and solving are carried out on the combination of the acting force applied to the straw in a certain mode and in a certain size based on the obvious difference of the mechanical properties of the two tissues, so that the separation of the vascular tissue and the parenchyma is gradually realized, and the larger difference in shape is achieved. Typical but non-limiting combinations of these are: multi-stage rolling-flail knife crushing-rubbing grinding, multi-stage rolling-flail knife crushing-fixed knife cutting-rubbing grinding, multi-stage rolling-flail knife crushing-fixed knife cutting, multi-stage rolling-flail knife grinding, and fixed knife cutting.

As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the multi-stage rolling includes any one or a combination of at least two of a fracturing treatment, a cutting treatment, a pressure-carding treatment, and a disc-grinding treatment. Typical but non-limiting combinations among these are: the method comprises the steps of fracturing treatment, cutting treatment, pressing and combing treatment, disc grinding treatment, fracturing treatment, cutting treatment, disc grinding treatment, fracturing treatment, pressing and combing treatment and disc grinding treatment.

The fracturing treatment comprises: the straws are cracked to form strip straws. Preferably, the width of the strip-shaped straws is 6-8 mm, such as 6mm, 6.2mm, 6.5mm, 7mm, 7.2mm, 7.5mm, 7.8mm or 8mm, but the width is not limited to the values listed, and other values not listed in the range of the values are also applicable. It should be noted that the purpose of the fracturing treatment in the invention is to fracture the outer skin and the hard nodes of the straw, and the straw is fractured along the axial direction of the straw rather than along the radial direction, and the fractured straw is in a strip rather than in a section.

The cutting process includes: cutting the straws to form blocky straws.

Preferably, the length of the block-shaped straws is 6-12 cm, for example, 6.0cm, 6.5cm, 7.0cm, 7.2cm, 7.5cm, 8.0cm, 9.0cm, 10.0cm, 11.0cm, 11.5cm or 12.0cm, but is not limited to the values listed, and other values not listed in the range of the values are also applicable.

Preferably, the width of the block straw is 3-8 mm, such as 3.0mm, 3.5mm, 4.0mm, 5.0mm, 6.0mm, 7.0mm, 7.5mm or 8.0mm, but not limited to the listed values, and other values not listed in the range of values are also applicable.

The comb pressing treatment comprises the following steps: and (3) the straws are pressed to form a fibrous material and a powdery material, so that the vascular tissue and the thin-walled tissue are dissociated at one time.

The disc grinding treatment comprises: and grinding and rubbing the straws to enable the vascular tissue and the parenchyma tissue to be dissociated for the second time. The disc grinding treatment aims to further separate vascular tissues from parenchyma through the grinding and rubbing action, so that the parenchyma is changed into fine particles or powder, and the vascular tissues are changed into filaments.

As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the classification processing includes: and stirring and screening the prefabricated mixed material by adopting a centrifugal axial flow coupling type grading mode to obtain the long fiber material and the short fiber material.

The time of the classification treatment is 5 to 15 seconds, and may be, for example, 5s, 6s, 7s, 8s, 9s, 10s, 11s, 12s, 13s, 14s, or 15s, but is not limited to the above-mentioned values, and other values not shown in the above-mentioned range of values are also applicable. The classification in the invention adopts centrifugal axial flow coupling type classification, namely centrifugation, which means that materials are subjected to centrifugal acting force, namely acting force for throwing the materials to the periphery; axial flow means that the material is subjected to an axial driving force, i.e. a force for driving the material forward along the main shaft direction.

The long fiber material obtained by the invention has the applications including but not limited to pulping and papermaking, manufacturing plates, preparing fuel, preparing concrete filling fiber and the like; uses of short fiber materials include, but are not limited to, solid state fermentation, making feed, preparing fertilizer, returning directly to field, making absorbent materials or preparing glucose and its fermentation products and furyl compounds, and the like. The invention changes the harvesting of the straws from crushing and returning to the field in a grading way, and changes the industrialized utilization of the straws from integral utilization to graded utilization, thereby causing systematic change in the fields of agricultural machinery and biorefinery.

As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the straws comprise any one or combination of at least two of corn straws, rice straws, wheat straws, sorghum straws, oat straws, barley straws, soybean straws or bamboo straws.

In a second aspect, the invention provides an industrial utilization-based field crop straw grading device, which is used in the field crop straw grading method in the first aspect, and comprises a combing module and a grading module which are sequentially arranged.

According to the invention, the carding module and the grading module are arranged, the vascular tissue and the parenchyma tissue are separated by a pure mechanical means, the efficiency is higher, the efficiency can reach the degree of matching with a large-scale combine harvester, the flow is shorter, the introduction of chemical reagents is not involved, and the lower production cost is kept in the grading process.

It should be noted that the combing module and the grading module of the present invention can be integrated on the same mechanical device, or can be disposed on two independent mechanical devices. In order to help those skilled in the art better understand the overall technical solution and working process of the present invention, the present invention exemplarily provides the following arrangement manner related to two modules:

when the type of the processed straws is corn straws, the combing and decomposing module is arranged on the corn combine harvester, the combing and decomposing module can be arranged on the header or in a straw processing space at the rear half part of the harvester, and the grading module is arranged on the self-propelled grader; when the type of the processed straws is wheat straws or rice straws, the combing and decomposing module is arranged behind the threshing mechanism on the combine harvester, and the grading module is arranged on the self-propelled grading machine.

It should be noted that the above description of the arrangement of the two modules does not limit the scope of the present invention, that is, the arrangement of the two modules disclosed in the prior art or not disclosed in the new art can be used in the present invention.

As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the carding and decomposing module comprises any one or a combination of at least two of a multi-stage rolling mechanism, a flail knife crushing mechanism, a fixed knife cutting mechanism or a rubbing and grinding mechanism.

The carding and decomposing module is one or the ordered combination of a multi-stage rolling mechanism, a flail knife crushing mechanism, a fixed knife cutting mechanism and a rubbing and grinding mechanism. Typical but non-limiting combinations among these are: multi-stage rolling mechanism-flail knife crushing mechanism-fixed knife cutting mechanism, stage rolling mechanism-flail knife crushing mechanism-fixed knife cutting mechanism-rubbing grinding mechanism, stage rolling mechanism-flail knife crushing mechanism-rubbing grinding mechanism and stage rolling mechanism-flail knife crushing mechanism-rubbing grinding mechanism. The combing and decomposing module of the invention is not the random arrangement of the operating mechanisms, but the ordered combination designed according to the straw type, the water content, the harvesting mode and the downstream industrial application.

As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the multistage rolling mechanism includes any one of a fracturing roller, a cutting roller, a combing roller or a disc grinding roller, or a combination of at least two of them. Typical but non-limiting combinations of these are: the device comprises a fracturing roller, a cutting roller, a pressing and combing roller, a grinding roller disc, a fracturing roller, a pressing and combing roller disc, a grinding roller disc and a fracturing roller cutting roller disc.

The multistage rolling mechanism comprises a fracturing roller, a cutting roller, a pressing comb roller and a disc grinding roller which are connected in sequence.

Preferably, the fracturing roller is a double-roller structure, the fracturing roller comprises a first main roller, and fracturing protrusions are distributed along the circumferential direction of the outer circumferential wall of the first main roller.

Preferably, the distance between the pair of rollers is 3 to 6mm, and may be, for example, 3.0mm, 3.5mm, 4.0mm, 4.5mm, 5.0mm, 5.5mm or 6.0mm, but is not limited to the values recited, and other values not recited within the range of values are also applicable.

Preferably, the first main roller has a length of 500 to 1000mm, for example 500mm, 550mm, 600mm, 650mm, 700mm, 800mm, 900mm, 950mm or 1000mm, but is not limited to the values listed, and other values not listed within this range are equally applicable.

The first main roller has a diameter of 150 to 250mm, and may be, for example, 150mm, 160mm, 170mm, 180mm, 200mm, 220mm, 230mm, 240mm or 250mm, but is not limited to the values listed, and other values not listed in the range of the values are also applicable. The purpose of the fracturing roller is to fracture the outer skin and the hard knots of the straws, the first main roller fractures along the axial direction of the straws instead of the radial direction, and the fractured straws are 'one strip' instead of 'one section'. The structure form of the fracturing roller adopts a double-roller type, fracturing protrusions are distributed on the surface of the double-roller type, and the arrangement direction of the fracturing protrusions is along the circumferential direction of the double-roller type, but not along the main shaft direction. When the straws are fed, the fracturing protrusions on the pair rollers can fracture the straws continuously along the main shaft direction of the straws, so that the fractured straws are in a 'strip' state. When the treated straw is corn straw, the fracturing roller can be used as a snapping roller or a stalk pulling roller on the header at the same time.

The cutting roller comprises a second main roller, a plurality of shearing bent knives are arranged on the peripheral wall of the second main roller along the circumferential direction, and the cutting edge directions of the shearing bent knives are inclined relative to the central shaft of the second main roller. And a concave plate is further arranged below the second main roller, and a plurality of limiting teeth are obliquely arranged on the surface of one side, close to the shearing curved knife, of the concave plate. The cutting edge direction of the shearing bent knife and the outer edge of the limiting tooth are arranged in the opposite direction.

Preferably, the minimum linear distance between the second main roller and the concave plate is 4 to 6mm, and may be, for example, 4.0mm, 4.5mm, 5.0mm, 5.5mm or 6.0mm, but is not limited to the values recited, and other values not recited in the range of the values are also applicable.

Preferably, the distance between two adjacent shearing blades is 6-12 cm, for example 6.0cm, 6.5cm, 7.0cm, 7.2cm, 7.5cm, 8.0cm, 9.0cm, 10.0cm, 11.0cm, 11.5cm or 12.0cm, but is not limited to the values listed, and other values not listed in this range of values are equally suitable.

Preferably, the second main roller has a length of 800 to 1200mm, for example 800mm, 850mm, 900mm, 950mm, 1000mm, 1100mm, 1150mm or 1200mm, but is not limited to the values listed and other values not listed in this range are equally applicable.

The diameter of the second main roller is 150 to 200mm, and may be, for example, 150mm, 155mm, 160mm, 166mm, 170mm, 180mm, 190mm or 200mm, but is not limited to the values listed, and other values not listed in the range of the values are also applicable.

The straw is cut into blocks by the cutting roller, the diameter of the second main roller is larger, the protruding size of the shearing curved knife is smaller, and the shearing curved knife is fixedly connected with the second main roller in a welding mode. The cutting roller is usually of a single-roller type, the fractured straw is fed from the middle of the second main roller and is changed into an irregular column under the action of the rotating shearing curved knife and the fracturing action. After cutting, the straw is broken into small pieces as a whole, but the vascular tissue and the parenchyma tissue are still chemically bonded together and are not separated from each other.

Preferably, the comb pressing roller comprises a third main roller and a fourth main roller which rotate along the same direction, the diameter of the third main roller is larger than that of the fourth main roller, and first comb nails and second comb nails are distributed on the peripheral walls of the third main roller and the fourth main roller respectively.

Preferably, the minimum linear distance between the outer peripheral wall of the third main roller and the outer peripheral wall of the fourth main roller is 1.8 to 2.2mm, and may be, for example, 1.8mm, 1.9mm, 2.0mm, 2.1mm or 2.2mm, but is not limited to the enumerated values, and other values not enumerated within the numerical range are also applicable.

Preferably, the first and second comb pins independently have a height of 2 to 3mm, for example, 2.0mm, 2.2mm, 2.3mm, 2.5mm, 2.6mm, 2.8mm or 3.0mm, but are not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited within the range of values are equally applicable.

Preferably, the distance between two adjacent first comb pins or two adjacent second comb pins is 0.8-2 mm, such as 0.8mm, 0.9mm, 1.0mm, 1.2mm, 1.5mm, 1.6mm, 1.8mm or 2.0mm, but not limited to the values listed, and other values not listed in the range of values are equally applicable.

Preferably, the rotation speed ratio of the third main roller to the fourth main roller is 1 (2 to 5), and may be, for example, 1. The carding roller is used for preliminarily separating vascular tissues and parenchyma tissues, the structural form of the carding roller adopts a pair of rollers, namely a third main roller and a fourth main roller, the pair of rollers rotate at a differential speed, protruding carding nails are distributed on the surfaces of the third main roller and the fourth main roller, the height of the carding nails is half of the thickness of cut straws, and the interval of the carding nails is smaller than the distance between vascular bundles in straw stalks.

Preferably, the disc grinding rollers comprise a first grinding roller and a second grinding roller which are arranged oppositely, and grinding and rubbing protrusions are independently distributed on the surfaces of the first grinding roller and the second grinding roller.

Preferably, the first grinding roll and the second grinding roll rotate in the same direction, and the ratio of the rotational speed of the first grinding roll to the rotational speed of the second grinding roll is 1 (2 to 5), and may be, for example, 1. The disc grinding roller further separates the vascular tissue from the parenchyma tissue through the grinding effect, so that the parenchyma tissue is changed into fine particles or powder, and the vascular tissue is changed into filaments. The structure of the disc grinding roller is a pair of rollers, namely a first grinding roller and a second grinding roller, grinding bulges are carved on the circumferential surfaces of the first grinding roller and the second grinding roller, and the pair of rollers rotate at a differential speed, so that the grinding, the devillicating and the crushing of straw materials are realized. The roll diameter ratio of the first grinding roll to the second grinding roll is 1 (2) - (5), the structures are completely the same, and the grinding protrusions distributed on the surfaces of the first grinding roll and the second grinding roll are also the same.

Preferably, the flail knife crushing mechanism comprises a first rotating shaft, a plurality of fixing rods are axially arranged on the outer peripheral wall of the first rotating shaft, and a plurality of flail knives are rotatably arranged on the fixing rods. Preferably, the flail knife comprises any one of a rectangular hammer piece type, a bent knife type or a triangular piece type or a combination of at least two of the rectangular hammer piece type, the bent knife type and the triangular piece type. Preferably, tooth-shaped lines are distributed on the surface of the flail knife. The flail knife crushing mechanism comprises a first rotating shaft and a flail knife fixed on the main shaft, wherein tooth-shaped grains are carved on the surface of the flail knife so as to increase the friction force with straws and play a role in fracturing, cutting and combing the straws.

Preferably, the fixed cutter cutting mechanism comprises a second rotating shaft, a plurality of baffles are arranged along the axial direction of the second rotating shaft, at least one transverse cutter extending along the axial direction of the second rotating shaft is arranged between every two adjacent baffles, the cutting edge direction of the transverse cutter is perpendicular to the central axis of the second rotating shaft, and the transverse cutter is detachably connected with the second rotating shaft. The transverse cutter of the fixed cutter cutting mechanism plays a role in cutting straw materials, and the baffle plate plays a role in conveying materials. Compared with a cutting roller, the diameter of the second rotating shaft of the fixed cutter cutting mechanism is smaller, the width of the transverse cutting knife is wider, the transverse cutting knife is connected with the second rotating shaft in a bolt connection mode, and the detachability is stronger.

Preferably, the kneading and grinding mechanism comprises a third rotating shaft, a grinding concave plate is arranged at the bottom of the third rotating shaft, and a grinding space for accommodating straw materials is reserved between the third rotating shaft and the grinding concave plate. The kneading and grinding mechanism adopts a cylindrical concave plate structure and comprises a third rotating shaft with a groove engraved on the surface and a grinding concave plate concentric with the third rotating shaft, so that straw materials are extruded, divided and crushed between the third rotating shaft and the grinding concave plate. The structure of the third rotating shaft and the grinding concave plate is not particularly limited or specially required, and any mechanism capable of realizing kneading and grinding can be used in the invention, for example, the surface of the third rotating shaft can be provided with a comb nail structure similar to the surface structure of the comb pressing roller, the distance between the comb nails is 1.8-2.2 mm, and the height of the comb nail is 3-7 mm; the surface of the grinding concave plate can be provided with a grinding bulge similar to the surface structure of the disc grinding roller, and the distance between the third rotating shaft and the grinding concave plate is 8-13 mm.

As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the grading module comprises a centrifugal axial flow coupling grading mechanism, the centrifugal axial flow coupling grading mechanism comprises a shell, a stirring component and a screening component are sequentially arranged in the shell, and a discharge hole is further formed in the bottom of the shell. The stirring assembly moves long fiber materials to a discharge port to be discharged, and the short fiber materials are screened out by the screening assembly.

The grading module of the invention realizes the separation of the vascular tissue and the parenchyma tissue through the coupling action of stirring and screening based on the difference of the shapes and the sizes of the vascular tissue and the parenchyma tissue after combing. Indicate the material to receive centrifugal effort in the casing, make it get rid of to screening subassembly all around, the material can receive axial thrust simultaneously in the casing, makes it promote along the main shaft direction of grader forward, discharges by the discharge gate.

Preferably, the toggle assembly comprises at least one grading main shaft, and a plurality of grading parts which are spirally distributed are arranged along the peripheral wall of the grading main shaft.

Preferably, the grading member comprises a toggle blade and/or a toggle spike. The poking toothed nails or blades of the invention play a role similar to rake and rake in the process of high-speed rotation so as to poke cut tobacco or filamentous materials of hair and push the cut tobacco or filamentous materials forward to realize the separation from the crushed powder or fine granular materials.

Preferably, the length of the grading spindle is 1200 to 1600mm, and may be, for example, 1200mm, 1250mm, 1300mm, 1350mm, 1400mm, 1500mm, 1550mm or 1600mm, but is not limited to the values recited, and other values not recited within the range of values are equally applicable.

The diameter of the main axis of the fractionation is 150 to 240mm, and may be, for example, 150mm, 155mm, 160mm, 170mm, 180mm, 200mm, 220mm, 230mm or 240mm, but is not limited to the values listed, and other values not listed in the range of the values are also applicable.

Preferably, the length of the toggle blade or toggle pin is 80-120 mm, for example 80mm, 85mm, 90mm, 95mm, 100mm, 105mm, 110mm, 115mm or 120mm, but not limited to the values listed, and other values not listed in this range of values are equally applicable.

Preferably, the screen assemblies have a mesh size of 10 to 50 mesh, such as 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 or 50 mesh, but not limited to the values listed, and other values not listed in this range are equally applicable.

The grading module comprises a centrifugal axial flow coupling grading mechanism and can be divided into single-shaft type, double-shaft type and four-shaft type grading modules according to the quantity of grading main shafts in a shell; according to the types of the grading parts fixed on the grading main shaft, the grading parts can be divided into blade type, poking tooth nail type and blade poking tooth nail coupling type grading modules; according to the arrangement mode of the grading pieces fixed on the grading main shaft, the grading device can be divided into a single-screw grading module, a double-screw grading module, a three-screw grading module and a four-screw grading module. Wherein, the more the number of the grading spindles is, the higher the working efficiency is. The blades on the grading main shaft are arranged at a certain angle, so that tangential airflow and axial airflow are provided, and the blades have the characteristic of forming stronger wind power, so that the broken long fiber materials and short fiber materials move under the action of the wind power. The stirring pins on the grading main shaft are also arranged at a certain angle, so that centrifugal force for moving the screening components around is provided for materials, and a driving force for moving the materials forwards along the main shaft is provided for the materials. Meanwhile, the function of the poking tooth nails is to flip and poke the slender filiform long fiber materials, so that the slender filiform long fiber materials move forwards more along the grading main shaft and are discharged from a discharge port at the tail end of the grading main shaft, and the short fiber materials fall out of the sieve pores of the screening component.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) According to the field crop straw grading method and device based on industrial utilization, the straw vascular tissue and the thin-wall tissue are separated by a simple mechanical means, so that straw raw materials with strong adaptability are provided for different downstream industrial utilization, and the economic efficiency of a straw industrial system is improved;

(2) The efficiency and the structure of the mechanical combing-grading field crop straw grading device can reach the level matched with a large-scale combine harvester; (3) The grading method does not relate to the use of chemical reagents and steam, and has short process flow and low operation cost; (4) The bundling density is increased after classification by the method provided by the invention, which is beneficial to further reducing the transportation and storage cost.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a field crop straw grading method according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a fracturing roller according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a cutting roller according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a pressure combing roller according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a rubbing protrusion according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a flail crushing mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a fixed knife cutting mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 8 is a front view of a stationary knife cutting mechanism provided in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention; fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a dial assembly of a grading module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Wherein, 1-a fracturing roller; 11-a first main roller; 12-fracturing projections; 2-a cutting roller; 21-a second main roller; 22-shearing curved knife; 23-a concave plate; 24-limit teeth; 3-pressing a combing roller; 31-a third main roll; 32-a fourth main roll; 33-first comb pins; 34-a second comb tack; 4-grading the main shaft; 41-poking the toothed nails; 5-grinding and rubbing the bulges; 6-flail knife crushing mechanism; 61-a first axis of rotation; 62-a fixation rod; 63-flail knife; 7-a fixed knife cutting mechanism; 71-a second rotating shaft; 72-a baffle; 73-lateral cutter.

Detailed Description

It is to be understood that in the description of the present invention, the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for the convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be considered limiting. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.

It should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "connected" and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art through specific situations.

The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by the specific implementation mode in combination with the attached drawings.

In one embodiment, the present invention provides a field crop straw grading method based on industrial utilization, as shown in fig. 1, comprising:

mechanically combing the straws to enable the vascular tissue and the thin-walled tissue of the straws to be dissociated to obtain a prefabricated mixed material, and then carrying out grading treatment on the prefabricated mixed material to obtain a long fiber material and a short fiber material.

The invention applies acting force with certain mode and magnitude to the straws in a mechanical carding mode, and separates the two tissues based on the difference of mechanical properties of the vascular tissue and the parenchyma tissue, so that the parenchyma tissue becomes powder or fine particles, and the vascular tissue becomes cut tobacco or slender cylinder. After mechanical carding, further grading treatment is carried out, based on the difference of the shapes and sizes of the vascular tissue and the parenchyma tissue, the separation of the vascular tissue and the parenchyma tissue is realized through the coupling action of stirring and screening, the straw materials are graded into long fibers and short fibers, and raw materials with uniform composition and adaptive properties can be provided for downstream straw utilization industry.

Any process that achieves separation of vascular and parenchymal tissues from each other based on differences in their mechanical properties should be considered as a combing process. On the contrary, any purpose is not to separate the tissue layer of the straw, and the process of only paying attention to the crushing of the straw into smaller particles is not considered as combing.

The carding and the crushing are different in that: crushing is to crush all components of the straws into granules, different tissues are still mixed together and the shapes are almost the same, so that the separation of different components of the straws cannot be realized; the combing solution is to separate the vascular tissue and the parenchyma tissue, and to generate larger difference between the shapes of the vascular tissue and the parenchyma tissue, so as to prepare for subsequent grading.

The combing and kneading are distinguished in that: the kneading is to apply impact force to the straws along the axial direction of the straws to divide the straws into filaments, the purpose of the kneading is not to separate different tissues, the purpose of the carding is to separate the different tissues from each other, and the carding treatment can gradually separate vascular tissues from parenchyma. Mechanical carding differs from mechanical impact in the general sense that the purpose of carding is to achieve separation of the layers of straw tissue, the purpose of so-called mechanical impact is not here, but in the separation of the bark, pulp and leaves.

In some embodiments, the long fiber material has a vascular structure of 70% or more. The thin-wall tissue proportion of the short fiber material is more than or equal to 70 percent. The length-diameter ratio of the long fiber material is more than or equal to 2, and the length-diameter ratio of the short fiber material is less than 2.

In some embodiments, mechanical carding employs any one or a combination of at least two of multi-stage rolling, flail crushing, stationary knife cutting, or rubbing grinding. According to the straw mechanical carding and separating device, any one or at least two ordered combinations of multi-stage rolling, flail knife crushing, fixed knife cutting or rubbing grinding can be adopted according to the type, the water content, the harvesting mode and the downstream industrial application of the straw, and the straw mechanical carding and separating device can be used for mechanically carding and separating straw tissues and thin-walled tissues step by step on the basis of the obvious differences of mechanical properties of straw vascular tissues and thin-walled tissues, such as the differences of hardness, adhesiveness and elastic modulus, and the obvious differences of the mechanical properties of the two tissues are just based on the combination of acting force of a certain mode and magnitude applied to the straw, so that the straw tissues and the thin-walled tissues are separated step by step, and the larger differences are achieved in shape.

In some embodiments, the multi-stage rolling comprises any one of or a combination of at least two of a fracturing treatment, a cutting treatment, a pressure-carding treatment, or a disc-grinding treatment.

In some embodiments, the fracturing treatment comprises: the straws are cracked to form strip straws.

In some embodiments, the width of the straw in the form of a strip is 6-8 mm. The purpose of the fracturing treatment in the invention is to fracture the outer skin and the hard joints of the straws, and fracture the straws along the axial direction of the straws instead of radial fracturing, and the fractured straws are 'one strip' instead of 'one section'.

In some embodiments, the cutting process comprises: cutting the straws to form blocky straws.

In some embodiments, the length of the block straw is 6-12 cm and the width is 3-8 mm.

In some embodiments, the comb pressing process comprises: the straw is decompressed to form fibrous materials and powdery materials, so that the vascular tissue and the thin-walled tissue are dissociated at one time.

In some embodiments, the disc grinding process comprises: grinding and rubbing the straws to realize secondary dissociation of the vascular tissue and the parenchyma tissue. The disc grinding treatment aims to further separate vascular tissues from parenchyma through the grinding and rubbing action, so that the parenchyma is changed into fine particles or powder, and the vascular tissues are changed into filaments.

In some embodiments, the ranking process comprises: stirring and screening the prefabricated mixed material in a centrifugal axial flow coupling type grading mode to obtain a long fiber material and a short fiber material.

In some embodiments, the time for the fractionation process is 5 to 15 seconds. The classification in the invention adopts centrifugal axial flow coupling type classification, namely centrifugation, which means that materials are subjected to centrifugal acting force, namely acting force for throwing the materials to the periphery; axial flow means that the material is subjected to an axial driving force, i.e. a force for driving the material forward along the main shaft direction. Compared with the traditional non-vibrating screen type screening and grading, the centrifugal axial flow coupling type grading device has higher working efficiency, can realize high-efficiency grading in a smaller occupied space, and can be matched with the efficiency of a combine harvester. In addition, the centrifugal axial flow type grading is different from the working principle of the traditional airflow sieving machine, the airflow sieving machine only utilizes the blades to provide axial wind power, and the centrifugal axial flow type grading of the invention stirs and pushes the filiform materials of cut tobacco or hair forwards, thereby realizing the separation from the crushed powder or fine granular materials.

The long fiber material obtained by the invention has the applications including but not limited to pulping and papermaking, manufacturing plates, preparing fuel, preparing concrete filling fiber and the like; uses of short fiber materials include, but are not limited to, solid state fermentation, feed production, fertilizer production, direct return to field, absorbent material production, or glucose and fermentation products thereof, and furanyl compounds. The invention changes the harvesting of the straws from crushing and returning to the field in a grading way, and changes the industrialized utilization of the straws from integral utilization to graded utilization, thereby causing systematic change in the fields of agricultural machinery and biorefinery.

In some embodiments, the straw comprises any one or a combination of at least two of corn stover, rice stover, wheat straw, sorghum stover, oat straw, barley straw, soybean stover, or bamboo straw.

In another embodiment, the invention provides a field crop straw grading device based on industrial utilization, which is used for a field crop straw grading method in one embodiment and comprises a combing module and a grading module which are sequentially arranged.

According to the invention, the carding module and the grading module are arranged, the vascular tissue and the parenchyma tissue are separated by a pure mechanical means, the efficiency is higher, the efficiency can reach the degree of matching with a large-scale combine harvester, the flow is shorter, the introduction of chemical reagents is not involved, and the lower production cost is kept in the grading process. The carding module and the grading module can be integrated on the same mechanical equipment, and can also be arranged on two independent mechanical equipment. For example, the carding module and the grading module can be integrated on the combine harvester, the self-propelled or fixed grading machine at the same time, or the carding module can be arranged on the combine harvester independently, and the grading module can be arranged on the self-propelled or fixed grading machine.

Illustratively, when the processed straws are corn straws, the combing module is arranged on the corn combine harvester, the combing module can be arranged on the header or in the straw processing space at the rear half part of the harvester, and the grading module is arranged on the self-propelled grader; when the treated straws are wheat straws or rice straws, the combing and decomposing module is arranged behind a threshing mechanism on the combine harvester, and the grading module is arranged on the self-propelled grading machine.

In some embodiments, the carding module comprises any one of or a combination of at least two of a multi-stage rolling mechanism, a flail knife crushing mechanism 6, a fixed knife cutting mechanism 7, or a rubbing and grinding mechanism. The combing and decomposing module is one or a plurality of ordered combinations of a multi-stage rolling mechanism, a flail knife crushing mechanism 6, a fixed knife cutting mechanism 7 and a rubbing and grinding mechanism, is not the random arrangement of the operating mechanisms, but the ordered combinations designed according to the straw type, the water content, the harvesting mode and the downstream industrial application.

In some embodiments, the multi-stage roller press mechanism comprises any one of or a combination of at least two of a fracturing roller 1, a cutting roller 2, a carding roller 3, or a disc grinding roller.

In some embodiments, the multistage rolling mechanism comprises a fracturing roller 1, a cutting roller 2, a pressing comb roller 3 and a disc grinding roller which are connected in sequence.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 2, the fracturing roller 1 is of a double-roller type structure, and the fracturing roller 1 comprises a first main roller 11, and fracturing protrusions 12 are distributed along the circumferential direction of the outer circumferential wall of the first main roller 11.

In some embodiments, the pitch of the counter roll is 3 to 6mm, the length of the first main roll 11 is 500 to 1000mm, and the diameter of the first main roll 11 is 150 to 250mm. The purpose of the fracturing roller 1 is to fracture the outer skin and the hard knots of the straws, the first main roller 11 fractures along the axial direction of the straws instead of the radial direction, and the fractured straws are 'one strip' instead of 'one section'. The fracturing roller 1 is in a double-roller type structure, fracturing protrusions 12 are distributed on the surface of the double-roller type structure, and the arrangement direction of the fracturing protrusions 12 is along the circumferential direction of the double-roller type structure, but not along the main shaft direction. When the straws are fed, the fracturing protrusions 12 on the pair rollers can fracture the straws continuously along the main shaft direction of the straws, so that the fractured straws are in a strip state. When the treated straws are corn straws, the fracturing roller 1 can be used as a snapping roller or a stalk pulling roller on the header at the same time.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 3, the cutting roller 2 includes a second main roller 21, a plurality of shearing blades 22 are circumferentially disposed along an outer circumferential wall of the second main roller 21, and a blade direction of the shearing blades 22 is obliquely disposed with respect to a central axis of the second main roller 21. A concave plate 23 is arranged below the second main roller 21, and a plurality of limit teeth 24 are obliquely arranged on one side surface of the concave plate 23 close to the shearing curved knife 22. The cutting edge direction of the shearing curved knife 22 and the outer edge of the limiting tooth 24 are arranged in the opposite direction.

In some embodiments, the minimum linear distance between the second main roller 21 and the concave plate 23 is 4 to 6mm, the distance between two adjacent shearing curved blades 22 is 6 to 12cm, the length of the second main roller 21 is 800 to 1200mm, and the diameter of the second main roller 21 is 150 to 200mm.

The cutting roller 2 of the invention cuts straws into blocks, the diameter of the second main roller 21 is larger, the protruding size of the shearing curved knife 22 is smaller, and the shearing curved knife 22 is fixedly connected with the second main roller 21 in a welding mode. The cutting roller 2 is generally in a single-roller type structure, and the crushed straws are fed from the middle part of the second main roller 21 and are changed into irregular cylinders under the action of the rotary shearing curved knife 22 and the crushing action. After cutting, the straw is broken into small pieces as a whole, but the vascular tissue and the parenchyma tissue are still joined together in a chemically reactive manner and are not separated from each other.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 4, the comb pressing roller 3 comprises a third main roller 31 and a fourth main roller 32 rotating in the same direction, the diameter of the third main roller 31 is greater than that of the fourth main roller 32, and first comb pins 33 and second comb pins 34 are distributed on the outer circumferential walls of the third main roller 31 and the fourth main roller 32, respectively.

In some embodiments, the minimum linear distance between the outer circumferential wall of the third main roller 31 and the outer circumferential wall of the fourth main roller 32 is 1.8 to 2.2mm, and the heights of the first comb teeth 33 and the second comb teeth 34 are independently 2 to 3mm. The distance between two adjacent first comb pins 33 or two adjacent second comb pins 34 is 0.8-2 mm. The rotation speed ratio of the third main roller 31 to the fourth main roller 32 is 1 (2 to 5).

The carding roller 3 is used for preliminarily separating vascular tissues and parenchyma tissues, the structural form of the carding roller adopts a pair of rollers, namely a third main roller 31 and a fourth main roller 32, the pair of rollers rotate at a differential speed, raised carding nails are distributed on the surfaces of the third main roller 31 and the fourth main roller 32, the height of the carding nails is half of the thickness of cut straws, and the intervals of the carding nails are smaller than the distance between vascular bundles in straw stalks. Illustratively, the distance between the first comb pins 33 or the second comb pins 34 is 1.5-2 mm for corn stalks, and the distance between the first comb pins 33 or the second comb pins 34 is 0.8-1.5 mm for rice stalks and wheat stalks.

In some embodiments, the disc grinder roller comprises a first grinding roller and a second grinding roller which are oppositely arranged, and the surfaces of the first grinding roller and the second grinding roller are independently distributed with grinding protrusions 5 as shown in fig. 5. The first grinding roller and the second grinding roller rotate along the same direction, and the rotation speed ratio of the first grinding roller to the second grinding roller is 1 (2 to 5). The disc grinding roller further separates the vascular tissue from the parenchyma tissue through the grinding effect, so that the parenchyma tissue is changed into fine particles or powder, and the vascular tissue is changed into filaments. The structural style of the disc grinding roller is a pair of rollers, namely a first grinding roller and a second grinding roller, grinding bulges 5 are carved on the circumferential surfaces of the first grinding roller and the second grinding roller, and the pair of rollers rotate at a differential speed, so that the grinding, the devillicating and the crushing of straw materials are realized.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 6, the flail knife breaking mechanism 6 includes a first rotating shaft 61, a plurality of fixing rods 62 are axially disposed along the peripheral wall of the first rotating shaft 61, and a plurality of flail knives 63 are rotatably disposed on the fixing rods 62. The flail knife 63 includes any one of a rectangular hammer piece type, a bent knife type, or a triangular piece type, or a combination of at least two of them. The surface of the flail knife 63 is distributed with tooth-shaped lines. The flail knife crushing mechanism 6 comprises a first rotating shaft 61 and a flail knife 63 fixed on a main shaft, wherein tooth-shaped lines are carved on the surface of the flail knife 63 so as to increase the friction force with straws and play a role in fracturing, cutting and combing the straws.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 7 and 8, the fixed cutter cutting mechanism 7 includes a second rotating shaft 71, a plurality of baffles 72 are disposed along an axial direction of the second rotating shaft 71, at least one transverse cutter 73 extending along the axial direction of the second rotating shaft 71 is disposed between two adjacent baffles 72, a cutting edge of the transverse cutter 73 is perpendicular to a central axis of the second rotating shaft 71, and the transverse cutter 73 is detachably connected to the second rotating shaft 71. The transverse cutting knife 73 of the fixed knife cutting mechanism 7 of the invention has the function of cutting straw materials, and the baffle 72 has the function of conveying materials.

In some embodiments, the kneading and grinding mechanism includes a third rotating shaft, a grinding concave plate is arranged at the bottom of the third rotating shaft, and a grinding space for accommodating straw material is left between the third rotating shaft and the grinding concave plate. The kneading and grinding mechanism adopts a cylindrical concave plate structure and comprises a third rotating shaft with a groove engraved on the surface and a grinding concave plate concentric with the third rotating shaft, so that straw materials are extruded, divided and crushed between the third rotating shaft and the grinding concave plate.

In some embodiments, the surface of the third rotating shaft may be provided with a comb pin structure similar to the surface structure of the comb pressing roller 3, the comb pin interval is 1.8-2.2 mm, and the comb pin height is 3-7 mm; the surface of the grinding concave plate can be provided with a grinding and rubbing bulge 5 with a structure similar to that of the surface of the disc grinding roller, and the distance between the third rotating shaft and the grinding concave plate is 8-13 mm.

According to the difference of the physical properties of the straws, when the type of the treated straws is corn straws, a combing module must select a multi-stage rolling mechanism, wherein the first stage rolling is a fracturing roller 1 and can also be used as a stem pulling roller or a snapping roller of a header of a corn harvester, the second stage rolling is a cutting roller 2, the third stage rolling is a pressing combing roller 3, and the fourth stage rolling is a disc grinding roller; when the type of the treated straw is rice straw or wheat straw, the combing and separating module can select a flail knife crushing mechanism 6, a fixed knife cutting mechanism 7 and a rubbing and grinding mechanism.

In some embodiments, the grading module comprises a centrifugal axial flow coupling grading mechanism, the centrifugal axial flow coupling grading mechanism comprises a shell, a stirring component and a screening component are sequentially arranged in the shell, and a discharge hole is further formed in the bottom of the shell. The stirring assembly moves the long fiber materials to the discharge port to be discharged, and the short fiber materials are screened out by the screening assembly.

The grading module of the invention realizes the separation of the vascular tissue and the parenchyma tissue through the coupling action of stirring and screening based on the difference of the shapes and the sizes of the vascular tissue and the parenchyma tissue after combing. Indicate the material can receive centrifugal effort in the casing, make it get rid of to screening subassembly all around, the material can receive axial thrust in the casing simultaneously, makes it promote along the main shaft direction of grader forward, is discharged by the discharge gate.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 9, the toggle assembly comprises at least one classifying spindle 4, and a plurality of classifying elements are arranged along the outer peripheral wall of the classifying spindle 4 in a spiral distribution. The stages comprise toggle blades and/or toggle spikes 41.

In some embodiments, the length of the grading spindle 4 is 1200-1600 mm, the diameter of the grading spindle 4 is 150-240 mm, the length of the toggle blade or the toggle spike 41 is 80-120 mm, and the mesh number of the screening components is 10-50 meshes.

The grading module comprises a centrifugal axial flow coupling grading mechanism and can be divided into single-shaft type, double-shaft type and four-shaft type grading modules according to the quantity of the grading main shafts 4 in the shell; according to the types of the grading parts fixed on the grading main shaft 4, the grading parts can be divided into blade type grading modules, poking toothed nails 41 type grading modules and blade poking toothed nails 41 coupling type grading modules; according to the arrangement mode of the grading pieces fixed on the grading main shaft 4, the grading device can be divided into a single-screw grading module, a double-screw grading module, a three-screw grading module and a four-screw grading module. Wherein, the more the number of the grading spindles 4 is, the higher the working efficiency is. The blades on the grading main shaft 4 are arranged at a certain angle, so that tangential airflow and axial airflow are provided, and the blades are characterized by forming stronger wind power, so that the broken long fiber materials and short fiber materials move under the action of the wind power. The toggle pins 41 on the grading spindle 4 are also arranged at an angle to provide both centrifugal force to the material moving towards the surrounding screening assembly and a driving force to the material moving forwards along the spindle. Simultaneously, the function of the poking toothed nails 41 is to poke and poke the slender filiform long fiber materials to move more forwards along the grading main shaft 4 and discharge the long fiber materials from a discharge hole at the tail end of the grading main shaft 4, while the short fiber materials fall out from the sieve holes of the sieving assembly. The blades and the toggle pins 41 must be arranged in a spiral on the grading spindle 4, but the number of spirals can be single, two, three and four. In addition, the length and the rotation speed of the classifying spindle 4 are determined according to the residence time of the material.

Example 1

The embodiment provides a grading plant of maize straw, including combing the module and breaking module, be fit for the moisture content and be 40% -60%, and the comparatively meticulous grading of maize straw. The combing and decomposing module comprises a fracturing roller 1, a cutting roller 2, a pressing combing roller 3 and a disc grinding roller which are connected in sequence, the grading module adopts a single-shaft four-spiral shifting tooth nail grading mechanism, corn straws sequentially pass through the fracturing roller 1, the cutting roller 2, the pressing combing roller 3 and the disc grinding roller to be processed and then fall into the single-shaft four-spiral shifting tooth nail grading mechanism, and long fibers and short fibers are separated.

Fracturing roller 1 adopts a pair of first main roll 11, and it has fracturing arch 12 to distribute along the periphery wall circumference of first main roll 11, and fracturing arch 12 is the wave shape, and two rollers move with fast, and the interval is 10mm, plays the effect of feed simultaneously, and the length of first main roll 11 is 800mm, and the diameter is 200mm. The cutting roller 2 adopts a single-roller type second main roller 21, a shearing curved knife 22 is arranged along the peripheral wall of the second main roller 21 along the circumferential direction, and the shearing curved knife 22 plays a role in conveying materials at the same time. A concave plate 23 is arranged below the second main roller 21, a limiting tooth 24 is obliquely arranged on the surface of the concave plate 23, and the cutting edge direction of the shearing curved knife 22 and the outer edge of the limiting tooth 24 are arranged in the opposite direction. The distance between the second main roller 21 and the concave plate 23 is 5mm, the distance between two adjacent shearing curved knives 22 is 8cm, the length of the second main roller 21 is 1000mm, and the diameter is 160mm. The cutting roller 2 cuts the fractured straws into sections with the length of about 1cm, and the cut straws fall onto the conveying belt and are fed into the pressure combing roller 3 through the conveying belt. The comb pressing roller 3 comprises a third main roller 31 and a fourth main roller 32 which rotate along the same direction, first comb nails 33 with the height of 2.5mm are distributed on the outer peripheral wall of the third main roller 31, the distance between every two adjacent first comb nails 33 is 2mm, second comb nails 34 with the height of 2.5mm are distributed on the outer peripheral wall of the fourth main roller 32, and the distance between every two adjacent second comb nails 34 is 2mm. The two rollers rotate at different speed, the speed ratio is 4, and the distance (without the height of the poking toothed nails 41) is 6mm. The disc grinding roller comprises a first grinding roller and a second grinding roller which are oppositely arranged, and the disc grinding roller also moves in a differential mode, the speed ratio is 4, and the distance is 3mm. The grading module comprises a shell, a stirring component is arranged in the shell, and a screening component is arranged along the outer periphery of the stirring component. The poking component comprises a grading main shaft 4, and four poking toothed nails 41 which are parallel to each other and are arranged in a spiral mode are arranged on the peripheral wall of the grading main shaft 4. The length of the grading main shaft 4 is 1400mm, the diameter is 200mm, and the length of the toggle tooth nail 41 is 100mm.

Example 2

The embodiment provides a grading plant of maize straw, including combing the module and grading module, be fit for the moisture content and be 40% ~ 60%, and the comparatively meticulous grading of maize straw, lie in with embodiment 1's difference: the grading module adopts a double-shaft four-spiral shifting toothed nail grading mechanism, and the structure and the technological parameters of the rest modules are the same as those of the embodiment 1.

The subassembly of stirring of hierarchical module includes two hierarchical main shafts 4, and the periphery wall of hierarchical main shaft 4 is provided with four helical arrangement's that are parallel to each other stir the profile spike 41, and four stir the profile spike 41 of every pitch range, and two hierarchical main shafts 4 stir the profile spike 41 and are parallel to each other, and crisscross setting. The length of the grading main shaft 4 is 1400mm, the diameter is 200mm, and the length of the poking tooth nail 41 is 100mm.

Example 3

The embodiment provides a grading plant for corn stalks, which comprises a carding module and a grading module, and is suitable for grading the corn stalks with moisture content of 40% -60% and high efficiency, and the refined degree of the corn stalks is general. The combing and decomposing module comprises a fracturing roller 1, a flail knife crushing mechanism 6 and a rubbing and grinding mechanism which are connected in sequence, and the grading module adopts a double-shaft four-spiral stirring tooth nail mechanism. After being extruded by the fracturing roller 1, the corn straws are conveyed to the flail knife crushing mechanism 6 through the conveying belt, and under the impact action of the flail knife 63, the straws are torn into strips along the axial direction, and at the moment, part of vascular tissues and thin-walled tissues are still combined together by chemical acting force, so that the materials are continuously conveyed to the kneading and grinding mechanism for further combing. Fracturing roller 1 adopts a pair of first main roll 11, and it has fracturing arch 12 to distribute along the periphery wall circumference of first main roll 11, and fracturing arch 12 is the wave shape, and two rollers move with fast, and the interval is 10mm, plays the effect of feed simultaneously, and the length of first main roll 11 is 800mm, and the diameter is 200mm. The flail knife crushing mechanism 6 comprises a first rotating shaft 61, a bent knife type flail knife 63 is sleeved on the outer peripheral wall of the first rotating shaft 61, and tooth-shaped lines are distributed on the surface of the flail knife 63. The kneading and grinding mechanism comprises a cylindrical third rotating shaft, and a grinding concave plate is arranged at the bottom of the third rotating shaft and is in concentric relation with the third rotating shaft. The peripheral wall of third axis of rotation distributes and has highly to be 5 mm's comb nail, and the interval of adjacent comb nail is 2mm, and the distance between third axis of rotation and the grinding concave plate is 10mm. Under the combined action of the third rotating shaft and the grinding concave plate, the crushed straw materials are further kneaded, divided and separated. The kneaded straw material enters a double-shaft four-spiral shifting tooth nail grading mechanism under the action of inertia to separate long fibers from short fibers. The grading module comprises a shell, a stirring component is arranged in the shell, and a screening component is arranged below the stirring component. The poking component comprises two grading main shafts 4, four poking toothed nails 41 which are mutually parallel and spirally arranged are arranged on the peripheral wall of each grading main shaft 4, four poking toothed nails 41 are arranged on each thread pitch, and the poking toothed nails 41 of the two grading main shafts 4 are mutually parallel and are arranged in a staggered manner. The length of the grading main shaft 4 is 1400mm, the diameter is 200mm, and the length of the toggle tooth nail 41 is 100mm. The screening component adopts a concave plate screen, and the size of a screen hole is 20 meshes (according to a Taylor screen).

Example 4

The embodiment provides a grading plant of maize straw, including combing the module of separating and grading module, be fit for the moisture content and be 15% -30%, and the comparatively meticulous grading of maize straw. The difference from example 1 is that: the combing and decomposing module comprises a fracturing roller 1, a combing pressing roller 3 and a disc grinding roller which are sequentially connected, a cutting roller 2 is not arranged, corn straws sequentially pass through the fracturing, combing pressing and disc grinding treatments and then fall into a grading module, long fibers and short fibers are separated, and the structure and technological parameters of other modules are the same as those of the embodiment 1.

Example 5

The embodiment provides a grading plant of rice straw, including combing the module and grading module, be fit for the moisture content and be 40% -60%, and the more meticulous grading of rice straw. The combing and decomposing module comprises a fracturing roller 1, a cutting roller 2, a pressing combing roller 3 and a disc grinding roller which are connected in sequence, the grading module adopts a single-shaft four-spiral stirring toothed nail grading mechanism, rice straws sequentially pass through the fracturing roller 1, the cutting roller 2, the pressing combing roller 3 and the disc grinding roller to be treated and then fall into the single-shaft four-spiral stirring toothed nail grading mechanism, and long fibers and short fibers are separated.

Fracturing roller 1 adopts a pair of first main roll 11, and it has fracturing arch 12 to distribute along the periphery wall circumference of first main roll 11, and fracturing arch 12 is the wave shape, and two rollers move with fast, and the interval is 8mm, plays the effect of feed simultaneously, and the length of first main roll 11 is 800mm, and the diameter is 200mm. The cutting roller 2 adopts a single-roller type second main roller 21, a shearing curved knife 22 is arranged along the circumferential direction of the outer circumferential wall of the second main roller 21, and the shearing curved knife 22 plays a role in conveying materials at the same time. A concave plate 23 is arranged below the second main roller 21, a limiting tooth 24 is obliquely arranged on the surface of the concave plate 23, and the cutting edge direction of the shearing curved knife 22 and the outer edge of the limiting tooth 24 are arranged in the opposite direction. The distance between the second main roller 21 and the concave plate 23 is 5mm, the distance between two adjacent shearing curved knives 22 is 8cm, the length of the second main roller 21 is 1000mm, and the diameter is 160mm. The cutting roller 2 cuts the fractured straws into sections with the length of about 1cm, and the cut straws fall onto the conveying belt and are fed into the pressure combing roller 3 through the conveying belt. Comb pressing roller 3 includes along the same direction pivoted third main roll 31 and fourth main roll 32, and the periphery wall distribution of third main roll 31 has highly be 2 mm's first comb nail 33, and the interval of adjacent first comb nail 33 is 2mm, and the periphery wall distribution of fourth main roll 32 has highly be 2 mm's second comb nail 34, and the interval of adjacent second comb nail 34 is 2mm. The two rollers rotate at a differential speed, the speed ratio is 4, and the distance (without the height of the poking tooth nail 41) is 3mm. The disc grinding roller comprises a first grinding roller and a second grinding roller which are oppositely arranged, and the disc grinding roller also moves in a differential mode, the speed ratio is 4, and the distance is 3mm.

The grading module comprises a shell, a stirring component is arranged in the shell, and a screening component is arranged below the stirring component. The poking component comprises a grading main shaft 4, four poking toothed nails 41 which are mutually parallel and spirally arranged are arranged on the peripheral wall of the grading main shaft 4, and four poking toothed nails 41 are arranged at each thread pitch. The length of the grading main shaft 4 is 1400mm, the diameter is 200mm, and the length of the toggle tooth nail 41 is 100mm. The screening component adopts a concave plate screen, and the size of a screen hole is 30 meshes (according to a Taylor screen). Because most of the rice straws are discharged from the tail part of the threshing mechanism of the harvester, the device is suitable for being arranged behind the threshing mechanism of the harvester and integrated with the harvester.

Example 6

The embodiment provides a grading plant of rice straw, including combing the module and grading module, be fit for the moisture content and be 40% -60%, and the more meticulous grading of rice straw. The combing and decomposing module comprises a fracturing roller 1, a fixed cutter cutting mechanism 7 and a rubbing and grinding mechanism which are connected in sequence, and the grading module adopts a double-shaft four-spiral tooth nail shifting mechanism. After being extruded by the fracturing roller 1, the corn straws are conveyed to the fixed cutter cutting mechanism 7 through a conveying belt, and under the action of the transverse cutting knife 73, the straws are torn into strips along the axial direction, and at the moment, part of vascular tissues and thin-wall tissues are still combined together by chemical acting force, so that the materials are continuously conveyed to the kneading and grinding mechanism for further combing.

Fracturing roller 1 adopts a pair of first main roll 11, and it has fracturing arch 12 to distribute along the periphery wall circumference of first main roll 11, and fracturing arch 12 is the wave shape, and two rollers move with fast, and the interval is 8mm, plays the effect of feed simultaneously, and the length of first main roll 11 is 800mm, and the diameter is 200mm. The fixed cutter cutting mechanism 7 comprises a second rotating shaft 71, four baffle plates 72 are arranged along the axial direction of the second rotating shaft 71, two transverse cutting cutters 73 extending along the axial direction of the second rotating shaft 71 are arranged between every two adjacent baffle plates 72, the cutting edge directions of the transverse cutting cutters 73 are perpendicular to the central shaft of the second rotating shaft 71, and the transverse cutting cutters 73 are connected with the second rotating shaft 71 through bolts. The rubbing and grinding mechanism comprises a cylindrical third rotating shaft, and a grinding concave plate is arranged at the bottom of the third rotating shaft and is in a concentric relation with the third rotating shaft. The periphery wall distribution of third axis of rotation has highly to be 5 mm's comb nail, and the interval of adjacent comb nail is 2mm, and the distance between third axis of rotation and the grinding concave plate is 10mm. Under the combined action of the third rotating shaft and the grinding concave plate, the crushed straw materials are further kneaded, divided and separated. The kneaded straw material enters a double-shaft four-spiral poking tooth nail grading mechanism under the action of inertia to separate long fibers from short fibers. The grading module comprises a shell, a stirring component is arranged in the shell, and a screening component is arranged below the stirring component. The poking component comprises two grading main shafts 4, four poking toothed nails 41 which are parallel to each other and spirally arranged are arranged on the peripheral wall of each grading main shaft 4, four poking toothed nails 41 are arranged at each thread pitch, and the poking toothed nails 41 of the two grading main shafts 4 are parallel to each other and are arranged in a staggered mode. The length of the grading main shaft 4 is 1400mm, the diameter is 200mm, and the length of the toggle tooth nail 41 is 100mm. The screening component adopts a concave plate screen, and the size of a screen hole is 20 meshes (according to a Taylor screen).

Example 7

The embodiment provides a grading device for rice straws, which comprises a combing module and a grading module, and is suitable for grading rice straws with the moisture content of 15% -30% in a relatively fine mode. The difference from example 5 is that: the combing and decomposing module comprises a fracturing roller 1, a pressing combing roller 3 and a disc grinding roller which are sequentially connected, a cutting roller 2 is not arranged, rice straws sequentially pass through the fracturing, pressing combing and disc grinding treatment and then fall into a grading module, long fibers and short fibers are separated, and the structure and technological parameters of other modules are the same as those of the embodiment 5.

Example 8

The embodiment provides a grading plant of wheat straw, including combing the module and grading module, be fit for the moisture content and be 40% ~ 60%, and the comparatively meticulous grading of wheat straw. The combing and separating module comprises a fracturing roller 1, a cutting roller 2, a pressing combing roller 3 and a disc grinding roller which are connected in sequence, the grading module adopts a single-shaft four-spiral shifting toothed nail grading mechanism, wheat straws are processed sequentially through the fracturing roller 1, the cutting roller 2, the pressing combing roller 3 and the disc grinding roller and then fall into the single-shaft four-spiral shifting toothed nail grading mechanism, and long fibers and short fibers are separated.

Fracturing roller 1 adopts a pair of first main roll 11, and it has fracturing arch 12 to distribute along the periphery wall circumference of first main roll 11, and fracturing arch 12 is the wave shape, and two rollers move with fast, and the interval is 8mm, plays the effect of feed simultaneously, and the length of first main roll 11 is 800mm, and the diameter is 200mm. The cutting roller 2 adopts a single-roller type second main roller 21, a shearing curved knife 22 is arranged along the peripheral wall of the second main roller 21 along the circumferential direction, and the shearing curved knife 22 plays a role in conveying materials at the same time. A concave plate 23 is arranged below the second main roller 21, a limiting tooth 24 is obliquely arranged on the surface of the concave plate 23, and the cutting edge direction of the shearing curved knife 22 and the outer edge of the limiting tooth 24 are arranged in the opposite direction. The distance between the second main roller 21 and the concave plate 23 is 5mm, the distance between two adjacent shearing curved knives 22 is 8cm, and the length of the second main roller 21 is 1000mm and the diameter is 160mm. The cutting roller 2 cuts the fractured straws into sections with the length of about 1cm, and the cut straws fall onto the conveying belt and are fed into the pressure combing roller 3 through the conveying belt. The comb pressing roller 3 comprises a third main roller 31 and a fourth main roller 32 which rotate along the same direction, first comb nails 33 with the height of 2mm are distributed on the peripheral wall of the third main roller 31, the distance between every two adjacent first comb nails 33 is 2mm, second comb nails 34 with the height of 2mm are distributed on the peripheral wall of the fourth main roller 32, and the distance between every two adjacent second comb nails 34 is 2mm. The two rollers rotate at different speed, the speed ratio is 4, and the distance (without the height of the poking toothed nails 41) is 3mm. The disc grinding roller comprises a first grinding roller and a second grinding roller which are oppositely arranged, and the disc grinding roller also moves in a differential mode, the speed ratio is 4, and the distance is 3mm.

The grading module comprises a shell, a stirring component is arranged in the shell, and a screening component is arranged below the stirring component. The poking component comprises a grading main shaft 4, four poking toothed nails 41 which are parallel to each other and are spirally arranged are arranged on the peripheral wall of the grading main shaft 4, and four poking toothed nails 41 are arranged at each thread pitch. The length of the grading main shaft 4 is 1400mm, the diameter is 200mm, and the length of the toggle tooth nail 41 is 100mm. The screening component adopts a concave plate screen, and the size of a screen hole is 30 meshes (according to a Taylor screen). Because most of the wheat straws are discharged from the tail part of the threshing mechanism of the harvester, the device is suitable for being arranged behind the threshing mechanism of the harvester and integrated with the harvester.

Example 9

The embodiment provides a grading device for wheat straws, which comprises a combing module and a grading module, and is suitable for grading wheat straws with the moisture content of 40% -60% in a relatively fine mode. The combing and separating module comprises a fracturing roller 1, a flail knife crushing mechanism 6, a combing roller 3 and a rubbing and grinding mechanism which are sequentially connected, the grading module adopts a double-shaft four-spiral stirring tooth nail grading mechanism, wheat straws sequentially pass through the fracturing roller 1, flail knife crushing, the combing roller 3 and the rubbing and grinding mechanism to be processed and then fall into the double-shaft four-spiral stirring tooth nail grading mechanism, and long fibers and short fibers are separated.

Fracturing roller 1 adopts a pair of first main roll 11, and it has fracturing arch 12 to distribute along the periphery wall circumference of first main roll 11, and fracturing arch 12 is the wave shape, and two rollers move with fast, and the interval is 8mm, plays the effect of feed simultaneously, and the length of first main roll 11 is 800mm, and the diameter is 200mm. The flail knife crushing mechanism 6 comprises a first rotating shaft 61, a bent flail knife 63 is sleeved on the outer peripheral wall of the first rotating shaft 61, and tooth-shaped lines are distributed on the surface of the flail knife 63. Comb pressing roller 3 includes along the same direction pivoted third main roll 31 and fourth main roll 32, and the periphery wall distribution of third main roll 31 has highly be 2 mm's first comb nail 33, and the interval of adjacent first comb nail 33 is 2mm, and the periphery wall distribution of fourth main roll 32 has highly be 2 mm's second comb nail 34, and the interval of adjacent second comb nail 34 is 2mm. The two rollers rotate at different speed, the speed ratio is 4, and the distance (without the height of the poking toothed nails 41) is 3mm. The kneading and grinding mechanism comprises a cylindrical third rotating shaft, and a grinding concave plate is arranged at the bottom of the third rotating shaft and is in concentric relation with the third rotating shaft. The periphery wall distribution of third axis of rotation has highly to be 5 mm's comb nail, and the interval of adjacent comb nail is 2mm, and the distance between third axis of rotation and the grinding concave plate is 10mm. The grading module comprises a shell, a stirring component is arranged in the shell, and a screening component is arranged below the stirring component. The poking component comprises two grading main shafts 4, four poking toothed nails 41 which are parallel to each other and spirally arranged are arranged on the peripheral wall of each grading main shaft 4, four poking toothed nails 41 are arranged at each thread pitch, and the poking toothed nails 41 of the two grading main shafts 4 are parallel to each other and are arranged in a staggered mode. The length of the grading main shaft 4 is 1400mm, the diameter is 200mm, and the length of the toggle tooth nail 41 is 100mm. The screening component adopts a concave plate screen, and the size of a screen hole is 40 meshes (according to a Taylor screen).

Example 10

The embodiment provides a grading plant of wheat straw, including combing the module and grading module, be fit for the moisture content and be 15% ~ 30%, and the comparatively meticulous grading of wheat straw. The difference from example 8 is that: the combing and decomposing module comprises a fracturing roller 1, a combing pressing roller 3 and a disc grinding roller which are sequentially connected, a cutting roller 2 is not arranged, rice straws sequentially pass through fracturing, combing pressing and disc grinding treatment and then fall into a grading module, long fibers and short fibers are separated, and the structure and technological parameters of other modules are the same as those of the embodiment 8.

The applicant declares that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are within the scope and disclosure of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A field crop straw grading method based on industrial utilization is characterized by comprising the following steps:

mechanically combing the straws to enable the vascular tissue and the thin-walled tissue of the straws to be dissociated to obtain a prefabricated mixed material, and then carrying out grading treatment on the prefabricated mixed material to obtain a long fiber material and a short fiber material.

2. The field crop straw grading method based on industrial utilization according to claim 1, wherein the vascular tissue ratio of the long fiber material is more than or equal to 70%;

the thin-walled structure proportion of the short fiber material is more than or equal to 70 percent;

the length-diameter ratio of the long fiber material is more than or equal to 2;

the length-diameter ratio of the short fiber material is less than 2.

3. The industrial utilization-based field crop straw grading method according to claim 1, wherein the mechanical carding is implemented by any one or a combination of at least two of multi-stage rolling, flail knife crushing, fixed knife cutting or rubbing grinding.

4. The industrial utilization based field crop straw grading method according to claim 3, wherein the multi-stage rolling comprises any one of or a combination of at least two of a fracturing treatment, a cutting treatment, a pressing and carding treatment or a disc grinding treatment;

the fracturing treatment comprises: cracking the straws to form strip straws;

the cutting process includes: cutting the straws to form blocky straws;

the comb pressing treatment comprises the following steps: the straw is decompressed to form a fibrous material and a powdery material, so that the vascular tissue and the parenchyma tissue are dissociated at one time;

the disc grinding treatment comprises: and grinding and rubbing the straws to enable the vascular tissue and the parenchyma tissue to be dissociated for the second time.

5. The industrial utilization-based field crop straw grading method according to claim 1, wherein the grading treatment comprises:

stirring and screening the prefabricated mixed material in a centrifugal axial flow coupling type grading mode to obtain a long fiber material and a short fiber material;

the time of the grading treatment is 5 to 15 seconds.

6. The industrial utilization-based field crop straw grading method according to claim 1, wherein the straw comprises any one or a combination of at least two of corn straw, rice straw, wheat straw, sorghum straw, oat straw, barley straw, soybean straw, or bamboo straw.

7. A field crop straw grading device based on industrial utilization is characterized in that the field crop straw grading device based on industrial utilization is used for the field crop straw grading method based on industrial utilization according to any one of claims 1-6, and comprises a combing module and a grading module which are sequentially arranged.

8. The industrial utilization-based field crop straw grading device according to claim 7, wherein the combing and breaking module comprises any one or a combination of at least two of a multi-stage rolling mechanism, a flail knife crushing mechanism, a fixed knife cutting mechanism or a rubbing and grinding mechanism.

9. The industrial utilization-based field crop straw grading device according to claim 8, wherein the multi-stage rolling mechanism comprises any one of or a combination of at least two of a fracturing roller, a cutting roller, a pressing comb roller or a disc grinding roller;

the fracturing roller is of a double-roller structure and comprises a first main roller, and fracturing protrusions are distributed along the circumferential direction of the outer circumferential wall of the first main roller;

the cutting roller comprises a second main roller, a plurality of shearing curved knives are arranged along the circumferential direction of the outer circumferential wall of the second main roller, the cutting edge directions of the shearing curved knives are obliquely arranged relative to the central shaft of the second main roller, a concave plate is further arranged below the second main roller, a plurality of limiting teeth are obliquely arranged on the surface of one side, close to the shearing curved knives, of the concave plate, and the cutting edge directions of the shearing curved knives and the outer edges of the limiting teeth are arranged in the opposite direction;

the minimum linear distance between the second main roller and the concave plate is 4-6 mm;

the comb pressing roller comprises a third main roller and a fourth main roller which rotate along the same direction, the diameter of the third main roller is larger than that of the fourth main roller, and first comb nails and second comb nails are distributed on the outer peripheral walls of the third main roller and the fourth main roller respectively;

the rotation speed ratio of the third main roller to the fourth main roller is 1 (2 to 5);

the disc grinding roller comprises a first grinding roller and a second grinding roller which are arranged oppositely, and grinding protrusions are independently distributed on the surfaces of the first grinding roller and the second grinding roller;

the first grinding roller and the second grinding roller rotate along the same direction, and the rotating speed ratio of the first grinding roller to the second grinding roller is 1 (2) - (5);

the flail knife crushing mechanism comprises a first rotating shaft, a plurality of fixing rods are axially arranged along the outer peripheral wall of the first rotating shaft, a plurality of flail knives are rotatably arranged on the fixing rods, and tooth-shaped lines are distributed on the surfaces of the flail knives;

the fixed cutter cutting mechanism comprises a second rotating shaft, a plurality of baffle plates are arranged along the axial direction of the second rotating shaft, at least one transverse cutter extending along the axial direction of the second rotating shaft is arranged between every two adjacent baffle plates, the cutting edge direction of the transverse cutter is perpendicular to the central shaft of the second rotating shaft, and the transverse cutter is detachably connected with the second rotating shaft;

the kneading and grinding mechanism comprises a third rotating shaft, a grinding concave plate is arranged at the bottom of the third rotating shaft, and a grinding space for containing straw materials is reserved between the third rotating shaft and the grinding concave plate.

10. The field crop straw grading device based on industrial utilization according to claim 7, wherein the grading module comprises a centrifugal axial flow coupling grading mechanism, the centrifugal axial flow coupling grading mechanism comprises a shell, a stirring component and a screening component are sequentially arranged in the shell, and a discharge hole is further formed in the bottom of the shell;

the poking assembly comprises at least one grading main shaft, and a plurality of grading parts which are spirally distributed are arranged along the peripheral wall of the grading main shaft;

the grading piece comprises a shifting blade and/or a shifting tooth nail;

the length of the stirring blade or the stirring tooth nail is 80-120 mm.

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