CN115863979B - Metal broadband circularly polarized patch antenna and communication equipment - Google Patents
Metal broadband circularly polarized patch antenna and communication equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN115863979B CN115863979B CN202310188323.7A CN202310188323A CN115863979B CN 115863979 B CN115863979 B CN 115863979B CN 202310188323 A CN202310188323 A CN 202310188323A CN 115863979 B CN115863979 B CN 115863979B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a metal broadband circularly polarized patch antenna and communication equipment, wherein the patch antenna comprises a metal floor and a metal patch antenna which are arranged at intervals and in parallel, and the metal patch antenna is arranged at TM (transverse magnetic) position 11 Working under the mode, be provided with metal short-circuit unit between metal floor and the metal patch antenna, metal short-circuit unit sets up in the position that metal patch antenna electric field is zero, and metal short-circuit unit divides into two at least regions with metal patch antenna, and adjacent regional surface current direction has 90 phase differences, and two at least regions form parallel resonator structure. The metal short-circuit unit is arranged between the metal floor and the metal patch antenna, so that the bandwidth of the low-profile single-patch circularly polarized antenna is effectively expanded, the miniaturization requirement of the antenna is met, the all-metal structure of the patch antenna is realized, the metal short-circuit unit not only plays a role in supporting the metal patch antenna, so that the antenna structure is stable, but also is used for adjusting the coupling between all parts of the antenna, and the performance of the antenna is remarkably improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of microwave communication, and relates to a circularly polarized patch antenna and communication equipment, in particular to a metal broadband circularly polarized patch antenna and communication equipment.
Background
The modern communication system needs to realize stable communication under complex environment and condition, which has high requirements on the stability and anti-interference performance of the antenna, and the circularly polarized antenna can accept any polarized electromagnetic wave to avoid polarization loss, inhibit the advantages of multipath scattering, multipath interference and the like, and has good stability and reliability, thereby becoming one of important devices in the communication fields of satellite communication, remote sensing, global positioning system and the like. Among them, circular polarization patch antennas have been attracting more and more attention due to their small size, light weight, low profile, easy processing, and strong applicability to weather environments.
However, patch antennas are resonant antennas, which have an inherently narrow bandwidth and are difficult to meet the operating bandwidth requirements of modern communication systems. The current mode of expanding the bandwidth of a circularly polarized patch antenna mainly comprises the following two modes: exciting a patch antenna by using two paths of equal-amplitude and 90-degree phase difference signals which provide broadband by using an additional feed network; or four paths of signals with equal amplitude and phase of 0 DEG, 90 DEG, 180 DEG and 270 DEG are generated through the feed network to excite the patch antenna units. However, both of these solutions have a problem that the overall size of the antenna increases, and the miniaturization requirement of the antenna cannot be satisfied. In addition, the circular polarization is designed by using a single patch antenna, the bandwidth can be expanded by increasing the thickness of the dielectric layer, but the overall height of the antenna is increased, and the antenna is difficult to be suitable for low-profile application. Therefore, maintaining a low profile, designing a wideband circularly polarized antenna on a single patch antenna is one of the current technical difficulties.
In addition, in applications such as satellite communication and space exploration, there is the problem that the environment is bad, the antenna often needs to bear high temperature, high power or low temperature, etc., under such specific application, the patch antenna often needs to be adopted all-metal material, for the patch antenna of all-metal material, an air medium layer is arranged between the radiating element and the floor of the antenna, in order to realize such structure, a supporting structure needs to be arranged between the radiating element and the floor, and at present, the metal circularly polarized patch antenna has the technical problem that the supporting structure has bad influence on the antenna performance. How to make the supporting structure not affect the antenna performance, and even improve the antenna performance by using the supporting structure is a technical problem to be solved currently.
In view of this, there is a need for further improvements in the prior art metallic circularly polarized patches.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is that the traditional metal circularly polarized patch antenna has large size and is difficult to adapt to low-profile application, and the support structure is easy to cause poor antenna performance, so that the metal broadband circularly polarized patch antenna with small size and excellent performance and communication equipment are provided.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the first aspect of the invention provides a metal broadband circularly polarized patch antenna, which comprises a metal floor and a metal patch antenna which are arranged at intervals and in parallel, wherein the metal patch antenna is arranged at TM 11 The metal short-circuit unit is arranged between the metal floor and the metal patch antenna, the metal short-circuit unit is arranged at the position where the electric field of the metal patch antenna is zero, the metal short-circuit unit divides the metal patch antenna into at least two areas, the current directions of the adjacent areas are 90-degree phase difference, and the at least two areas form a parallel resonator structure.
Preferably, the metal short-circuiting unit includes: the two ends of the first short-circuit sheet group are respectively connected with the metal patch antenna and the metal floor, the first short-circuit sheet and the second short-circuit sheet group which are arranged vertically to the first short-circuit sheet group, and the third short-circuit sheet group which is arranged vertically to the first short-circuit sheet; the first short circuit sheet group, the second short circuit sheet group, the third short circuit sheet group and the first short circuit sheet divide the metal patch antenna into 4 areas, and the 4 areas form 4 parallel resonators.
Preferably, the first short-circuit sheet group includes a second short-circuit sheet and a third short-circuit sheet which are arranged at intervals, the third short-circuit sheet is vertically connected to the first short-circuit sheet, and a first coupling window is formed between the second short-circuit sheet and the third short-circuit sheet; the second short circuit sheet group comprises a fourth short circuit sheet and a fifth short circuit sheet which are arranged at intervals, the fifth short circuit sheet is vertically connected with the third short circuit sheet, and a second coupling window is formed between the fourth short circuit sheet and the fifth short circuit sheet; the third short circuit sheet group comprises sixth short circuit sheets and seventh short circuit sheets which are arranged at intervals, the seventh short circuit sheets are vertically connected with the first short circuit sheets and the fifth short circuit sheets, and a third coupling window is formed between the sixth short circuit sheets and the seventh short circuit sheets.
Preferably, the size of the first coupling window is larger than the size of the second coupling window, and the size of the second coupling window is larger than the size of the third coupling window.
Preferably, the distance between the metal floor and the metal patch antenna is less than 0.05λ 0 Wherein lambda is 0 Is the vacuum wavelength at the center frequency.
Preferably, the periphery of the metal patch antenna is formed by encircling a first orthogonal edge group, a first connecting section, a second orthogonal edge group, a second connecting section, a third orthogonal edge group, a third connecting section, a fourth orthogonal edge group and a fourth connecting section which are sequentially arranged.
Preferably, the first orthogonal edge group includes a first edge, a second edge vertically connected to the first edge, and the first connection section is vertically connected to the second edge; the second orthogonal edge group comprises a third edge vertically connected with the first connecting section and a fourth edge vertically connected with the third edge, and the second connecting section is vertically connected with the fourth edge; the third orthogonal edge group comprises a fifth edge vertically connected with the second connecting section and a sixth edge vertically connected with the fifth edge, and the third connecting section is vertically connected with the sixth edge; the fourth orthogonal edge group comprises a seventh edge vertically connected with the third connecting section, an eighth edge vertically connected with the seventh edge, and the fourth connecting section is vertically connected with the eighth edge and the first edge; the second short circuit piece is connected to the first connecting section, the fourth short circuit piece is connected to the second connecting section, the sixth short circuit piece is connected to the third connecting section, and the first short circuit piece is connected to the fourth connecting section.
Preferably, the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth sides have the same length, and the length is 0.214-0.414 lambda 0 Wherein lambda is 0 Is the vacuum wavelength at the center frequency.
Preferably, the antenna further comprises a feeding unit, wherein the first short-circuit sheet group, the second short-circuit sheet group, the third short-circuit sheet group and the first short-circuit sheet divide the metal patch antenna into 4 square areas, the feeding unit is positioned on a diagonal line of one square area, and the current directions in the adjacent square areas have 90-degree phase difference.
A second aspect of the present invention provides a communication device comprising the metallic broadband circularly polarized patch antenna.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
the invention provides a metal broadband circularly polarized patch antenna, which comprises a metal floor and a metal patch antenna which are arranged at intervals and in parallel, wherein the metal patch antenna is arranged at a TM (transverse magnetic) position 11 Working under the mode, be provided with metal short-circuit unit between metal floor and the metal patch antenna, metal short-circuit unit sets up in the position that metal patch antenna electric field is zero, and metal short-circuit unit is divided into two at least regions with metal patch antenna, adjacent the current direction of regional surface has 90 phase differences, and two at least regions form parallel resonator structure. The metal short-circuit unit is arranged between the metal floor and the metal patch antenna, and is arranged at the position where the electric field of the metal patch antenna is zero, so that the electric field distribution of the metal patch antenna is not affected, the bandwidth of the low-profile single-patch circularly polarized antenna is effectively expanded, particularly, 3 minimum frequency points are realized in the axial ratio response, the axial ratio bandwidth is expanded, the miniaturization requirement of the antenna is met, meanwhile, the all-metal structure of the patch antenna is realized, the metal short-circuit unit not only plays a role in supporting the metal patch antenna, the antenna structure is stable, but also is used for adjusting the coupling between all parts of the antenna, and the performance of the antenna is remarkably improved.
Drawings
In order that the invention may be more readily understood, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof that are illustrated in the appended drawings, in which
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a metal wideband circularly polarized patch antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a front view of a metal wideband circularly polarized patch antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a metal wideband circularly polarized patch antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of a surface current direction of a metal wideband circularly polarized patch antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a metal wideband circularly polarized patch antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a response curve of the response coefficient of the metal wideband circularly polarized patch antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is an axial ratio response graph of a metal wideband circularly polarized patch antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a gain response graph of a metal wideband circularly polarized patch antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a diagram of a phi=0° section at 1.58 GHz of a metal wideband circularly polarized patch antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a diagram of a phi=90° section at 1.58 GHz of a metal broadband circularly polarized patch antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The reference numerals in the drawings are as follows: 1-a metal floor; 2-metal patch antenna; 201-a first orthogonal edge group; 2011-first side; 2012-second edge; 202-a first connection section; 203-a second orthogonal edge; 2031-third side; 2032-fourth; 204-a second connection section; 205-a third orthogonal edge group; 2051-fifth edge; 2052-sixth side; 206-a third connection section; 207-a fourth orthogonal edge group; 2071-seventh side; 2072-eighth side; 208-fourth connection section; 3-a first short circuit piece; 4-a second shorting tab; 5-a third short circuit piece; 6-fourth short circuit piece; 7-a fifth short circuit piece; 8-sixth shorting tab; 9-seventh shorting tab; 10-a feed unit; 1001-an outer conductor; 1002-inner conductor.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the azimuth or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", etc. are based on the azimuth or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the azimuth or positional relationship conventionally put in use of the product of the present invention, or the azimuth or positional relationship conventionally understood by those skilled in the art, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or element to be referred to must have a specific azimuth, be configured and operated in a specific azimuth, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
The terms "first", "second", and the like, are used merely for distinguishing the description and have no special meaning.
In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless explicitly stated and limited otherwise, the terms "disposed" and "mounted" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
Examples
The present embodiment provides a metal wideband circularly polarized patch antenna, please refer to fig. 1-3, which includes: spaced and parallel arranged metal floor 1 and metal patch antenna 2, the metal patch antenna 2 is in TM 11 Working under the mode, have the air dielectric layer between metal flooring 1 and the metal patch antenna 2, still be provided with the metal short-circuit unit between metal flooring 1 and the metal patch antenna 2, and the metal short-circuit unit sets up in the position that the electric field of metal patch antenna 2 is zero, metal short-circuit unit one end is connected in metal flooring 1, the other end is connected in metal patch antenna 2, support metal patch antenna 2 in metal flooring 1, simultaneously, the metal short-circuit unit is divided into two at least regions with metal patch antenna 2, and the surface current direction in adjacent region has 90 phase difference, two at least regions have formed parallel resonator structure.
The metal wideband circularly polarized patch antenna provided in this embodiment, the metal patch antenna 2 works in TM 11 The mode is that the electric field of the metal patch antenna 2 is symmetrically distributed, and the metal short circuit unit is arranged between the metal floor 1 and the metal patch antenna 2 and is arranged at the position where the electric field of the metal patch antenna 2 is zero, so that the metal short circuit is realizedThe element does not affect the electric field distribution of the metal patch antenna 2. The metal short circuit unit divides the metal patch unit 2 into at least two areas, the current direction of the surfaces of the adjacent areas has a 90-degree phase difference, so that the radiation far field of the whole antenna has an orthogonal radiation electric field, and circular polarization radiation is realized. The metal broadband circularly polarized patch antenna effectively expands the bandwidth of the low-profile single-patch circularly polarized antenna, particularly realizes 3 minimum frequency points in the axial ratio response, expands the axial ratio bandwidth, meets the miniaturization requirement of the antenna, simultaneously realizes the all-metal structure of the patch antenna, and the metal short-circuit unit not only plays a role of supporting the metal patch antenna, so that the antenna structure is stable, but also is used for adjusting the coupling among all parts of the antenna, and the performance of the antenna is obviously improved.
As shown in fig. 1-2, in order to make the metal short-circuit unit realize a good supporting effect and stabilize the patch antenna structure, and also play a role in improving the antenna performance, in the metal wideband circularly polarized patch antenna provided in this embodiment, the metal short-circuit unit includes: the two ends are respectively connected with a first short-circuit sheet group of the metal floor 1 and the metal patch antenna 2, a first short-circuit sheet 3 and a second short-circuit sheet group which are perpendicular to the first short-circuit sheet group, and a third short-circuit sheet group which is perpendicular to the first short-circuit sheet 3, wherein the first short-circuit sheet group, the second short-circuit sheet group, the third short-circuit sheet group and the first short-circuit sheet divide the metal patch unit 2 into 4 areas, the surface currents of two adjacent areas have a phase difference of 90 degrees, and the 4 areas form 4 parallel resonators.
Specifically, the first short-circuit sheet group includes a second short-circuit sheet 4 and a third short-circuit sheet 5 arranged at intervals, wherein the third short-circuit sheet 5 is vertically connected to the first short-circuit sheet 3, and a first coupling window is formed at intervals between the second short-circuit sheet 4 and the third short-circuit sheet 5. The second short circuit piece group comprises a fourth short circuit piece 6 and a fifth short circuit piece 7 which are arranged at intervals, wherein the fifth short circuit piece 7 is vertically connected with the third short circuit piece 5, the fifth short circuit piece 7 is connected with the end part of the first short circuit piece 3, and a second coupling window is formed at intervals between the fourth short circuit piece 6 and the fifth short circuit piece 7. The third short circuit piece group comprises a sixth short circuit piece 8 and a seventh short circuit piece 9 which are arranged at intervals, wherein the seventh short circuit piece 9 is vertically connected with the first short circuit piece 3 and the fifth short circuit piece 7, the seventh short circuit piece 9 is connected with the end part of the third short circuit piece 5, and a third coupling window is formed at intervals between the sixth short circuit piece 8 and the seventh short circuit piece 9. The size of the first coupling window is larger than the size of the second coupling window, and the size of the second coupling window is larger than the size of the third coupling window.
The spacing between the metal floor 1 and the metal patch antenna 2 (i.e. the thickness of the air dielectric layer) is less than 0.05λ 0 Wherein lambda is 0 For the vacuum wavelength at the center frequency, in this embodiment, the distance between the metal floor 1 and the metal patch antenna 2 is 0.016 λ 0 。
As shown in the drawing, in the metal wideband circularly polarized patch antenna provided in this embodiment, the outer periphery of the metal patch antenna 2 is formed by surrounding a first orthogonal edge group 201, a first connection section 202, a second orthogonal edge group 203, a second connection section 204, a third orthogonal edge group 205, a third connection section 206, a fourth orthogonal edge group 207 and a fourth connection section 208, which are sequentially arranged.
The first orthogonal edge group 201 includes a first edge 2011 and a second edge 2012 perpendicularly connected to the first edge 2011, and one end of the first connecting section 202 is perpendicularly connected to the second edge 2012. The second orthogonal edge group 203 includes a third edge 2031 vertically connected to the other end of the first connection section 202, a fourth edge 2032 vertically connected to the third edge 2031, and a second connection section 204 vertically connected to one end of the fourth edge 2032 away from the third edge 2031. The third orthogonal edge group 205 includes a fifth edge 2051 perpendicularly connected to an end of the second connecting section 204 remote from the fourth edge 2032 and a sixth edge 2052 perpendicularly connected to the fifth edge 2051, and a third connecting section 206 is perpendicularly connected to an end of the sixth edge 2052 remote from the fifth edge 2051. The fourth orthogonal side group 207 includes a seventh side 2071 perpendicularly connected to one end of the third connection section 206 distant from the sixth side 2052 and an eighth side 2072 perpendicularly connected to the seventh side 2071, one end of the eighth side 2072 distant from the seventh side 2071 is perpendicularly connected with the fourth connection section 208, and the other end of the fourth connection section 208 is perpendicularly connected to the first side 2011, thereby forming the outer peripheral profile of the closed metal patch antenna 2.
The second short circuit piece 4 is connected to the first connection section 202, and the third short circuit piece 5 and the second short circuit piece 4 are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the first connection section 202 to form a first coupling window; the fourth short circuit chip 6 is connected to the second connection section 204, and the fifth short circuit chip 7 and the fourth short circuit chip 6 are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the second connection section 204 to form a second coupling window; the sixth short circuit piece 8 is connected to the third connection section 206, and the seventh short circuit piece 9 and the sixth short circuit piece 8 are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the third connection section 206 to form a third coupling window; the first short circuit 3 has one end connected to the fourth connection section 208 and the other end extending to the fifth short circuit 7 along the length direction of the fourth connection section 208.
The length of each of the first, second, third, and fourth sets of orthogonal edges 201, 203, 205, 207 may be individually adjusted to optimize antenna performance to meet different requirements.
In this embodiment, the lengths of the orthogonal sides in the first orthogonal side group 201, the second orthogonal side group 203, the third orthogonal side group 205, and the fourth orthogonal side group 207 are preferably the same, that is, the lengths of the first side 2011, the second side 2012, the third side 2031, the fourth side 2032, the fifth side 2051, the sixth side 2052, the seventh side 2071, and the eighth side 2072 are the same. Thus, the metal patch antenna 2 is divided into 4 square units by the extension lines of the first connection section 202, the second connection section 204, the third connection section 206, and the fourth connection section 208.
Since the lengths of the first side 2011, the second side 2012, the third side 2031, the fourth side 2032, the fifth side 2051, the sixth side 2052, the seventh side 2071 and the eighth side 2072 are the same, the lengths are 0.214-0.414 lambda 0 ，λ 0 For the vacuum wavelength at the center frequency, in this embodiment, the side length of each side is preferably 0.314 lambda 0 . The metal patch antenna 2 is divided into 4 square areas by the orthogonal sides, the first short-circuit chip 3, the second short-circuit chip 4 and the connection of the third short-circuit chip 5, the connection of the fourth short-circuit chip 6 and the fifth short-circuit chip 7, the connection of the sixth short-circuit chip 8 and the seventh short-circuit chip 9, the first short-circuit chip 3, the fourth short-circuit chip 6 and the fifth short-circuit chip 7 are positioned below one central line of the metal patch antenna 2, and the second short-circuit chip 4, the third short-circuit chip 5, the sixth short-circuit chip 8 and the seventh short-circuit chip 9 are positioned on the metal patchBelow the other centerline of patch antenna 2, metal patch antenna 2 operates at TM 11 In the mode, the electric fields are symmetrically distributed, the electric fields at four corners of the metal patch antenna 2 with the structure are maximum, and the electric fields below two central lines are zero, so that the short circuit units are arranged below the central lines and cannot influence the electric field distribution of the patch antenna.
In this embodiment, the first short circuit piece 3, the second short circuit piece 4, the third short circuit piece 5, the fourth short circuit piece 6, the fifth short circuit piece 7, the sixth short circuit piece 8 and the seventh short circuit piece 9 are all rectangular metal sheets, and are preferably rectangular copper sheets, and the upper and lower ends of the rectangular copper sheets are respectively and vertically connected to the metal patch antenna 2 and the metal floor 1, so that a structure that the metal short circuit unit is vertical to the metal floor 1 and the metal patch antenna 2 is formed. The metal floor 1 is also rectangular in structure, and is preferably a square metal sheet, the metal patch antenna 2 is arranged at the central position of the metal floor 1, and the materials of the metal floor 1 and the metal patch antenna 2 are also preferably copper.
The metal wideband circularly polarized patch antenna provided in this embodiment further includes a feeding unit 10, which is located in a square area and located on a diagonal line of the square area. Specifically, in the present embodiment, the power feeding unit 10 is disposed in a square area surrounded by the first orthogonal side group 201, the first shorting tab group, and the first shorting tab 3. The feeding unit 10 adopts a coaxial connector, which comprises an outer conductor 1001 and an inner conductor 1002, wherein the outer conductor 1001 is connected with the metal floor 1, and the inner conductor 1002 is connected with the metal patch antenna 2.
The embodiment also provides communication equipment, which comprises the metal broadband circularly polarized patch antenna.
The metal wideband circularly polarized patch antenna provided in this embodiment works in TM 11 The mode is that the electric field is symmetrically distributed at this time, the electric field is the largest at the included angle of four groups of orthogonal sides of the metal broadband circular polarized patch antenna (four corners of the metal patch antenna 2) as shown in the figure, and the electric field below the horizontal and vertical two central lines of the metal patch antenna 2 is zero, so that the metal short-circuit unit is arranged below the two central lines of the metal patch antenna 2, the electric field distribution of the antenna is not influenced, and the mode is thatThe metal short-circuit unit provided in the embodiment divides the metal patch antenna 2 into 4 square units below the metal patch antenna 2, as shown in fig. 4, the surface currents synthesized by the metal patch antenna 2 are mainly distributed along the four corners from the center to the outer side of the diagonal lines of the 4 square units, and therefore, the surface current directions of the adjacent 2 square units are mutually perpendicular.
Each square cell is taken as a resonant mode, and the resonant mode can be equivalent to a lossy parallel resonator consisting of inductance, capacitance and resistance, as shown in fig. 5.
In addition, by arranging the second shorting tab 4 and the third shorting tab 5 at a distance, a first coupling window is formed between the second shorting tab 4 and the third shorting tab 5, the first coupling window perturbs the surface currents of two square units at the upper left corner and the upper right corner of the metal patch antenna 2 shown in fig. 4, adjusts the current magnitudes of the two square units, and introduces a phase difference of 90 degrees, the coupling window can be equivalent to a J-converter J 12 The converter can adjust the power transfer magnitude while introducing the 90 deg. phase difference required for circularly polarized radiation (as shown in fig. 5).
By arranging the fourth shorting tab 6 and the fifth shorting tab 7 at a distance, a second coupling window is formed between the fourth shorting tab 6 and the fifth shorting tab 7, the second coupling window perturbs the surface currents of the two square units at the upper right corner and the lower right corner of the metal patch antenna 2 shown in fig. 4, adjusts the current magnitude of the two square units, introduces a 90-degree transmission phase difference, and similarly, the coupling window can be equivalent to a J-converter J 23 (as shown in fig. 5).
By arranging the sixth short-circuit chip 8 and the seventh short-circuit chip 9 at intervals, a third coupling window is formed between the sixth short-circuit chip 8 and the seventh short-circuit chip 9, the third coupling window perturbs the surface currents of two square units at the left lower corner and the right lower corner of the metal patch antenna 2 shown in fig. 4, adjusts the magnitudes of the two current parts, simultaneously introduces a 90-degree transmission phase difference, and the coupling window can be equivalent to a J-converter J 34 (as shown in fig. 5).
The first shorting tab 3 has no coupling window, and ensures that the surface currents of the two square units at the upper left corner and the lower left corner in the metal patch antenna 2 shown in fig. 4 have no influence on each other.
In addition, by locating the feeding unit 10 on a diagonal line of the square unit area of the feeding unit 10, in this embodiment, the feeding unit 10 is located on a diagonal line of the square unit in the upper left corner of the metal patch antenna 2, the feeding unit 10 excites currents of the square unit in the upper left corner of the metal patch antenna 2 shown in fig. 4, current directions of two adjacent square unit elements in the metal patch antenna 2 are mutually perpendicular and have a 90 ° phase difference, so that the radiation far field of the whole antenna has an orthogonal radiation electric field, and has a 90 ° phase difference, and by adjusting the size of the coupling window, the amplitude of the orthogonal radiation electric field is guaranteed to be equal, and circular polarization radiation is realized, wherein the size of the coupling window is smaller than the side length of the square unit. The side lengths of the four square units can be independently adjusted to optimize the antenna radiation performance and impedance matching.
Experimental example
The test result is shown in fig. 6, and it can be seen from the graph that the frequency range with the reflection coefficient lower than-10 dB of the metal broadband circularly polarized patch antenna covers the range of 1.46-1.64GHz, thereby realizing the technical effect of broadband impedance bandwidth.
The test result is shown in fig. 7, and it can be seen from the graph that 3 minimum frequency points are implemented in the axial ratio response of the metal broadband circularly polarized patch antenna, the axial ratio bandwidth of the circularly polarized antenna is effectively expanded, and the frequency range of the 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth is 1.535-1.645 GHz.
The test result is shown in fig. 8, and it can be seen from the graph that the maximum gain achieved by the metal wideband circularly polarized patch antenna can reach 10.2 dBic.
The test results of the patterns of phi=0° and phi=90° tangential planes of the metal broadband circularly polarized patch antenna provided by the test embodiment are shown in fig. 9-10, and the test results show that the maximum radiation direction of the metal broadband circularly polarized patch antenna is directly above the patch antenna, the antenna is left-hand circularly polarized radiation, and meanwhile, the antenna realizes a low cross polarization level.
It is apparent that the above examples are given by way of illustration only and are not limiting of the embodiments. Other variations or modifications of the above teachings will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. It is not necessary here nor is it exhaustive of all embodiments. While still being apparent from variations or modifications that may be made by those skilled in the art are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A metal broadband circularly polarized patch antenna is characterized by comprising a metal floor and a metal patch antenna which are arranged at intervals and in parallel, wherein the metal patch antenna is arranged at TM 11 The metal short-circuit unit is arranged between the metal floor and the metal patch antenna, the metal short-circuit unit is arranged at the position where the electric field of the metal patch antenna is zero, the metal short-circuit unit divides the metal patch antenna into at least two areas, the current directions of the adjacent areas are 90-degree phase difference, and the at least two areas form a parallel resonator structure.
2. The metallic broadband circularly polarized patch antenna of claim 1, wherein the metallic shorting unit comprises: the two ends of the first short-circuit sheet group are respectively connected with the metal patch antenna and the metal floor, the first short-circuit sheet and the second short-circuit sheet group which are arranged vertically to the first short-circuit sheet group, and the third short-circuit sheet group which is arranged vertically to the first short-circuit sheet; the first short circuit sheet group, the second short circuit sheet group, the third short circuit sheet group and the first short circuit sheet divide the metal patch antenna into 4 areas, and the 4 areas form 4 parallel resonators.
3. The metal broadband circularly polarized patch antenna according to claim 2, wherein the first shorting tab group comprises a second shorting tab and a third shorting tab arranged at intervals, the third shorting tab is vertically connected to the first shorting tab, and a first coupling window is formed between the second shorting tab and the third shorting tab; the second short circuit sheet group comprises a fourth short circuit sheet and a fifth short circuit sheet which are arranged at intervals, the fifth short circuit sheet is vertically connected with the third short circuit sheet, and a second coupling window is formed between the fourth short circuit sheet and the fifth short circuit sheet; the third short circuit sheet group comprises sixth short circuit sheets and seventh short circuit sheets which are arranged at intervals, the seventh short circuit sheets are vertically connected with the first short circuit sheets and the fifth short circuit sheets, and a third coupling window is formed between the sixth short circuit sheets and the seventh short circuit sheets.
4. The metallic broadband circularly polarized patch antenna of claim 3, wherein the first coupling window has a size that is greater than a size of the second coupling window, and wherein the second coupling window has a size that is greater than a size of the third coupling window.
5. The metallic broadband circularly polarized patch antenna of claim 3 or 4, wherein the metallic floor is spaced from the metallic patch antenna by less than 0.05λ 0 Wherein lambda is 0 Is the vacuum wavelength at the center frequency.
6. The metallic broadband circularly polarized patch antenna of claim 5, wherein the outer perimeter of the metallic patch antenna is defined by a first orthogonal side set, a first connecting segment, a second orthogonal side set, a second connecting segment, a third orthogonal side set, a third connecting segment, a fourth orthogonal side set, and a fourth connecting segment, disposed in sequence.
7. The metallic broadband circularly polarized patch antenna of claim 6, wherein the first orthogonal set of sides comprises a first side, a second side perpendicularly connected to the first side, the first connection segment perpendicularly connected to the second side; the second orthogonal edge group comprises a third edge vertically connected with the first connecting section and a fourth edge vertically connected with the third edge, and the second connecting section is vertically connected with the fourth edge; the third orthogonal edge group comprises a fifth edge vertically connected with the second connecting section and a sixth edge vertically connected with the fifth edge, and the third connecting section is vertically connected with the sixth edge; the fourth orthogonal edge group comprises a seventh edge vertically connected with the third connecting section, an eighth edge vertically connected with the seventh edge, and the fourth connecting section is vertically connected with the eighth edge and the first edge; the second short circuit piece is connected to the first connecting section, the fourth short circuit piece is connected to the second connecting section, the sixth short circuit piece is connected to the third connecting section, and the first short circuit piece is connected to the fourth connecting section.
8. The metallic broadband circularly polarized patch antenna as recited in claim 7, wherein the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth sides are the same length and the length is 0.214-0.414 λ 0 Wherein lambda is 0 Is the vacuum wavelength at the center frequency.
9. The metallic broadband circularly polarized patch antenna of claim 8, further comprising a feed unit, wherein the first, second, third and first shorting tab groups divide the metallic patch antenna into 4 square areas, the feed unit being located on one diagonal of one square area, current directions in adjacent square areas having a 90 ° phase difference.
10. A communication device comprising a metallic broadband circularly polarized patch antenna as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9.
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| CN202310188323.7A CN115863979B (en) | 2023-03-02 | 2023-03-02 | Metal broadband circularly polarized patch antenna and communication equipment |
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| CN202310188323.7A CN115863979B (en) | 2023-03-02 | 2023-03-02 | Metal broadband circularly polarized patch antenna and communication equipment |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008066838A (en) * | 2006-09-05 | 2008-03-21 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Antenna unit |
| CN113193371A (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2021-07-30 | 西安电子科技大学 | Miniaturized high-isolation circularly polarized diversity antenna based on dual-mode resonance |
| CN114498033A (en) * | 2022-02-14 | 2022-05-13 | 西安电子科技大学 | Broadband high-isolation multi-port co-polarized patch antenna based on multi-mode fusion |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008066838A (en) * | 2006-09-05 | 2008-03-21 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Antenna unit |
| CN113193371A (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2021-07-30 | 西安电子科技大学 | Miniaturized high-isolation circularly polarized diversity antenna based on dual-mode resonance |
| CN114498033A (en) * | 2022-02-14 | 2022-05-13 | 西安电子科技大学 | Broadband high-isolation multi-port co-polarized patch antenna based on multi-mode fusion |
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