CN115855701B - Three-level light gas gun loading experiment system based on oxyhydrogen detonation drive - Google Patents
Three-level light gas gun loading experiment system based on oxyhydrogen detonation drive Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a three-stage light gas gun loading experiment system based on oxyhydrogen detonation driving, which not only can meet the experiment requirement of high-speed loading, but also adopts a brand new two-stage high-pressure cone assembly, prevents high-speed fragments from splashing back through collision pressure relief, and effectively protects the two-stage Duan Bengguan, thereby greatly reducing the experiment cost and improving the safety of the experiment system. In the loading experiment system, a first-stage high-pressure cone section adopts a form of 'first-in cone and then membrane rupture'; because the piston speed in the secondary pump tube is higher, the secondary high-pressure cone assembly is modified into a structure of firstly breaking a membrane and then entering a cone, the acting time of the bottom pressure of the projectile is prolonged, the launching speed of the projectile can be further improved, and the loading speed is further improved. In addition, a secondary high-pressure cone assembly with a brand new structure is adopted, and the secondary high-pressure cone assembly prevents high-speed fragments from splashing backwards through collision pressure relief, so that a secondary pump pipe is effectively protected.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a loading experiment system, in particular to a three-level light gas gun loading experiment system based on oxyhydrogen detonation drive, and belongs to the technical field of ultrahigh-speed collision loading experiments.
Background
Under laboratory conditions, the light gas cannon is widely applied to the fields of spacecraft protection, asteroid collision, kinetic energy weapon development and the like as a main loading experimental technology of ultra-high-speed collision, and has important significance for the research of characteristics such as response mechanics, chemistry and the like of materials under test high strain rate. In recent years, the light air cannon is the most common high-speed and ultra-high-speed test loading unit in the field due to the advantages of flexible adaptability of the shape, material and size of the projectile, easy adjustment of loading and launching speed and the like.
Particularly in the field of spacecraft protection, because space debris and a spacecraft are in an ultra-high-speed flight state, the collision of the space debris on the spacecraft can cause damage or even destruction of a structure; in order to research the actual effects of different protection schemes of a spacecraft, simulation experiments are required to be carried out on the ground, high-speed loading moving pellets are generated usually in a detonation driving mode, and impact experiments are carried out on the pellets and a protection structure to simulate the protection performance of the protection scheme on space debris.
The common types of the light gas cannons are a first-level light gas cannon and a second-level light gas cannon, and the disclosed second-level light gas cannon comprises: the second class includes light gas cannons co-established with NASA at the university of california (driven with powder), light gas cannons at the university of tokyo industry (driven with powder), light gas cannons at the university of pasta, patawa (driven with compressed helium), and light gas cannons at team Zhang Qingming at the university of beijing (driven with mixed detonation of hydrogen and oxygen). The second-level light air cannon can load the projectile with set mass to 2-7 km/s.
The secondary light gas gun has a limited firing speed, is not suitable for simulating the research on the aspects of ultra-high speed space debris impact, asteroid impact and the like, and further invents the tertiary light gas gun. Different from the primary and secondary light gas cannons, the tertiary light gas cannons adopt a tertiary driving mode. In foreign countries, canadian university McGill University and American research institute University of DaytonResearch Institute respectively develop a three-stage light gas gun driven by gunpowder, and the firing speed can reach about 10 km/s. In China, the North-west nuclear technology institute Lin Junde et al developed a three-stage light gas gun driven by compressed nitrogen, and the stable launching speed can reach 8km/s. Three-stage light air cannon driven by hydrogen and oxygen detonation developed by Zhang Qingming team of Beijing university of China can reach the launching speed of 18km/s. However, the speed of the secondary piston can reach 5-8 km/s, which causes great difficulty to the design of the secondary high-pressure cone section. Because the manufacturing cost of the second-stage pump pipe is higher, in the actual use process, the second-stage high-pressure cone section which is designed according to the first-stage high-pressure cone section is imitated, and high-speed fragments generated by collision of the second-stage piston are splashed back and damage the second-stage Duan Bengguan, so that the problems of high use cost, poor safety and the like exist.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a three-stage light gas gun loading experiment system based on oxyhydrogen detonation driving, which not only can meet the experiment requirement of high-speed loading, but also adopts a brand new two-stage high-pressure cone assembly, has a collision pressure relief function, and prevents high-speed fragments from splashing back, thereby effectively protecting the two-stage Duan Bengguan, greatly reducing the experiment cost and improving the safety of the experiment system.
Three-level light gas big gun loading experimental system based on oxyhydrogen detonation drive includes: a loading unit and a collision target chamber;
the loading unit is a three-level light gas gun driven based on reactive gas detonation, and comprises: the reaction chamber, the first-stage pump pipe, the first-stage high-pressure cone section, the second-stage pump pipe, the second-stage high-pressure cone section assembly and the third-stage emission pipe are coaxially connected in sequence;
the reaction chamber is provided with an ignition device and an air injection hole connected with the air injection device;
a diaphragm I and a membrane breaker I are arranged at the joint of the first-stage pump pipe and the reaction chamber; a piston I is arranged in the first-stage pump pipe and close to the membrane breaker I;
the connection part of the second-stage pump pipe and the first-stage high-pressure cone section is provided with a diaphragm II and a membrane breaker II, and a piston II is arranged in the second-stage pump pipe and close to the membrane breaker II;
the connection part of the secondary section pump pipe and the secondary high-pressure cone section assembly is provided with a diaphragm III and a diaphragm breaker III;
the projectile is placed at one end of the secondary high-pressure cone section assembly connected with the inside of the tertiary launching tube; the secondary high-pressure cone section assembly has a pressure relief function;
the transmitting end of the tertiary transmitting tube extends into the collision target chamber; the end part of the transmitting end is provided with a magnetic speed measuring device; the front of the magnetic speed measuring device inside the collision target chamber is sequentially provided with a bullet support separating device and a target plate.
As a preferred mode of the present invention, the second-stage high-pressure cone assembly includes: a second-stage pump pipe transition section, a second-stage high-pressure cone section part A and a second-stage high-pressure cone section part B;
the secondary pump pipe is connected with the secondary high-pressure cone section assembly through a secondary pump pipe transition section;
one end of the second-stage high-pressure cone section component A is coaxially butted with the transition section of the second-stage pump pipe, and the other end of the second-stage high-pressure cone section component A is coaxially butted with the second-stage high-pressure cone section component B; the other end of the second-stage high-pressure cone section component B is in sealing butt joint with the tertiary emission tube;
the center hole of the secondary high-pressure conical section part A comprises a cylindrical hole and a conical hole, and a step surface is arranged between the cylindrical hole and the conical hole; the cylindrical hole is arranged at one end connected with the transition section of the two-stage pump pipe, and the large end of the conical hole is connected with the cylindrical hole; a diaphragm III and a rupture disc III are limited in the cylindrical hole of the second-stage high-pressure conical section part A through a diaphragm limiting ring;
the butt ends of the second-stage high-pressure cone section component A and the second-stage high-pressure cone section component B are in clearance fit; the secondary high-pressure cone section component A is provided with a groove at the center of the end face of the butt joint end, and the secondary high-pressure cone section component B is correspondingly provided with a protrusion matched with the groove at the center of the end face of the butt joint end; the sealing of the central hole at the joint of the second-stage high-pressure cone section part A and the second-stage high-pressure cone section part B is realized through the matching of the grooves and the protrusions;
the projectile is placed in a central hole of the position where the butt joint end of the second-stage high-pressure cone section component B is located; the inner diameter of the second-stage high-pressure cone section component B is the same as that of the third-stage transmitting tube.
As a preferred mode of the present invention: the secondary high-pressure cone assembly further comprises a diffusion chamber;
the periphery of the second-stage pump pipe transition section, the second-stage high-pressure cone section part A and the second-stage high-pressure cone section part B is provided with a sealed diffusion chamber, and the diffusion chamber is provided with a vent hole for vacuumizing.
As a preferred mode of the present invention: the secondary high-pressure cone section assembly further comprises a compression assembly;
the outer circumference of the transmitting tube, which is positioned in the diffusion chamber, is provided with a front flange which is abutted against the inner end surface of the diffusion chamber; the outer circumference of the transition section of the two-stage pump pipe is provided with a shaft shoulder, and a plurality of screw rods which are uniformly distributed between the shaft shoulder and the front flange at intervals along the circumferential direction form a compression assembly.
As a preferable mode of the invention, the transition section of the two-stage pump pipe adopts a structure form that an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder are sleeved and in interference fit; the inner cylinder is coaxially sleeved inside the outer cylinder, and one end of the inner cylinder is flush with the end face of the outer cylinder; the other end is in sealing butt joint with a second-stage pump pipe extending into the outer cylinder; the second-stage pump pipe is fixedly connected with the outer cylinder; the inner diameter of the inner cylinder is the same as the inner diameter of the secondary Duan Beng pipe.
As a preferable mode of the invention, the launching tube adopts two sections, comprising a launching tube section A and a launching tube section B which are coaxially butted;
and one end of the transmitting pipe section A extends into the diffusion chamber and is coaxially butted with the secondary high-pressure cone section component B, and the other end of the transmitting pipe section A is coaxially butted with the transmitting pipe section B.
As a preferred mode of the present invention, the vent hole on the diffusion chamber is communicated with the collision target chamber through a vacuumizing pipeline, so that vacuumizing of the diffusion chamber is completed at the same time of vacuumizing of the collision target chamber.
As a preferable mode of the invention, the collision target chamber is provided with two sets of flange interfaces, one set of flange interfaces is used for being connected with a three-stage emission tube, and the loading unit is a three-stage light gas gun driven by oxyhydrogen detonation; the other set is used for being connected with the secondary pump pipe, and the loading unit is a secondary light air gun based on oxyhydrogen detonation driving.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the gas injection device includes: inert gas cylinders, oxygen cylinders and hydrogen cylinders; the inert gas cylinder, the oxygen cylinder and the hydrogen cylinder are all connected to a gas injection pipeline provided with a pressure gauge and a valve; the gas injection pipeline is connected with a gas injection hole on the reaction chamber.
The beneficial effects are that:
(1) In the loading experiment system, a first-stage high-pressure cone section adopts a form of 'first-in cone and then membrane rupture'; because the piston speed in the secondary pump tube is higher, the secondary high-pressure cone assembly is modified into a structure of firstly breaking a membrane and then entering a cone, the acting time of the bottom pressure of the projectile is prolonged, the launching speed of the projectile can be further improved, and the loading speed is further improved.
(2) In the loading experiment system, the secondary high-pressure cone section assembly with a brand new structure is adopted, and the secondary high-pressure cone section assembly prevents high-speed fragments from splashing backwards in a collision pressure relief mode, so that the secondary Duan Bengguan is effectively protected; therefore, the loading experiment system can realize the emission speed of the world leading level, greatly reduce the emission cost and improve the practicability of the experiment system.
(3) In the loading experiment system, the diffusion chamber is designed to prevent the high-temperature and high-pressure gas and fragments after pressure relief from further diffusing outwards, so that the safety of the experiment system is improved.
(4) In the loading experiment system, the three-stage emission tube in the three-stage light gas gun adopts a sectional structure, so that the experiment cost can be saved, and the experiment cost is prevented from being increased due to the fact that the whole emission tube is required to be replaced when part of the three-stage emission tube is damaged.
(5) In the loading experiment system, the collision target chamber is provided with two sets of flange interfaces, one set of flange interfaces is used for being connected with the three-stage emission tube, and the loading unit is a three-stage light gas gun based on oxyhydrogen detonation driving; the other set of the pump pipe is connected with the secondary pump pipe, and the loading unit is a secondary light gas gun driven by oxyhydrogen detonation; therefore, the quick conversion of the second-level light gas cannon and the third-level light gas cannon can be realized.
(6) In the loading experiment system, the three-stage light gas cannon uses the oxyhydrogen mixed gas as a driving source, so that the defects of large harm, difficult storage, instability, difficult cleaning, heavy pollution, high cost and the like of initiating explosive devices are obviously avoided compared with the use of gunpowder driving, and clean energy is used; meanwhile, the performance of the light gas gun is improved, so that the test is more economical, energy-saving and efficient, and the popularization and the use of the light gas gun are facilitated.
(7) In the loading experiment system, the three-level light gas cannon is adopted as the loading unit, compared with the light gas cannon driven by high-pressure nitrogen, the loading experiment system can stably drive the projectile with the mass equal to or slightly larger than 1g in the aspect of driving the projectile mass, and the projectile launching quality is improved; in terms of manufacturing process difficulty, when the projectile has the same gun discharging speed, the air pressure required by the reaction chamber is obviously lower than the air pressure required by the first-stage air chamber driven by high-pressure nitrogen, so that the manufacturing process difficulty and cost of the light air gun are greatly reduced; the invention can cover a wider speed range of loading with the same manufacturing process, compressive strength and pellet mass in terms of loading performance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a loading experiment system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a second-stage high-pressure cone assembly according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the gas injection apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a membrane breaker I in the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a membrane breaker II and a membrane breaker III in the invention;
wherein: the device comprises a 1-reaction chamber, a 2-ignition device, a 3-gas injection device, a 4-first stage pump pipe, a 5-first stage high-pressure cone section, a 6-second stage pump pipe, a 7-second stage high-pressure cone section assembly, an 8-third stage emission pipe, a 9-collision target chamber, a 10-magnetic speed measuring device, a 11-membrane I, a 12-membrane breaker I, a 13-piston I, a 14-membrane II, a 15-membrane breaker II, a 16-piston II, a 17-membrane III, a 18-membrane breaker III, 19-pellets, a 20-observation window, a 21-bullet support separating device and a 22-target plate; 31-inert gas cylinder, 32-oxygen cylinder, 33-hydrogen cylinder, 34-pressure gauge, 35-gas injection pipeline and 36-valve; the device comprises a 61-nut, a 62-secondary pump pipe transition section, a 63-diffusion chamber, a 71-secondary high-pressure cone section component A, a 72-secondary high-pressure cone section component B, a 73-diaphragm limiting ring, a 74-screw rod, a 75-secondary high-pressure cone section base, a 81-front flange, a 82-sealing ring, a 83-vacuumizing pipeline, a 84-emission pipe section A and a 85-emission pipe section B.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example 1:
the embodiment provides a three-stage light gas gun loading experiment system based on oxyhydrogen detonation driving, which utilizes a method of high-temperature light gas reaction acting (high-temperature low-molecular-weight gas expansion acting) to drive a projectile to obtain extremely high launching speed for loading, further tests the response mechanics, chemistry and other characteristics of materials under high strain rate, and experiments show that the loading experiment system can enable the projectile to obtain the launching speed of more than 10 km/s.
As shown in fig. 1, the loading experiment system includes: a loading unit and a collision target chamber 9; the loading unit is a three-level light gas gun based on oxyhydrogen detonation driving, and comprises: the device comprises a reaction chamber 1, an ignition device 2, an air injection device 3, a primary section pump pipe 4, a primary high-pressure cone section 5, a secondary section pump pipe 6, a secondary high-pressure cone section assembly 7, a tertiary emission pipe 8 and a projectile 19.
The reaction chamber 1 is of a cylindrical structure, an opening is arranged in the center of one end of the reaction chamber 1, and the ignition device 2 is fixed at the opening by using a nut. In this example, a thermal explosion wire is used as a main material of the ignition device 2, and the reaction gas (preferably, hydrogen and oxygen, but may be other reaction gases) in the reaction chamber 1 is combusted by the ignition operation to form a detonation wave so as to drive the piston or the projectile 19 to advance.
The other end of the reaction chamber 1 is coaxially connected with the first-stage pump pipe 4, and the first-stage pump pipe 4 is connected with the reaction chamber 1 by virtue of a large nut on the first-stage pump pipe and is tightly pressed, so that the purpose of sealing the reaction chamber 1 is achieved. The gas injection hole is arranged above the outer circumferential surface of the reaction chamber 1, and the gas injection device 3 sequentially fills the hydrogen-oxygen mixed gas and inert gas with set proportions into the reaction chamber 1 through the gas injection hole to serve as reaction gas.
The primary pump pipe 4, the secondary pump pipe 6 and the tertiary transmitting pipe 8 are all of straight cylinder type structures. The first-stage pump pipe 4 is coaxially connected with the reaction chamber 1, and a diaphragm I11 and a membrane breaker I12 are arranged at the joint and are responsible for controlling the starting time of a piston I13 arranged in the first-stage pump pipe 4, wherein the piston I13 is arranged at a position, close to the membrane breaker I12, inside the first-stage pump pipe 4. And an air injection hole is arranged above the outer circumferential surface of the middle part of the primary pump pipe 4, the inside of the primary pump pipe 4 is vacuumized at the beginning of the test, and light gas with the pressure range of 0.1-1.0 MPa is filled into the primary pump pipe.
The first-stage high-pressure cone section 5 is used for connecting the first-stage pump pipe 4 and the second-stage pump pipe 6, and two ends of the first-stage high-pressure cone section 5 are tightly pressed and sealed by means of a hydraulic oil pump. The large end of the primary high-pressure cone section 5 is connected with the primary pump pipe 4, and the small end is connected with the secondary pump pipe 6. The cone angle of the first-stage high-pressure cone section 5 is between 5 and 25 degrees; the diameter of the large end of the primary high-pressure cone section 5 is the same as that of the primary pump pipe 4, and the diameter of the small end is the same as that of the secondary pump pipe 6. The joint of the first-stage high-pressure cone section 5 and the second-stage pump pipe 6 is provided with a diaphragm II 14 and a diaphragm breaker II 15. It can be seen that the first-stage high-pressure cone section 5 adopts a form of 'first-in cone and then membrane rupture'.
The second-stage pump pipe 6 is used for connecting the first-stage high-pressure cone section 5 and the second-stage high-pressure cone section assembly 7, and a piston II 16 is placed in the second-stage pump pipe and close to the membrane breaker II 15. And an air injection hole is arranged above the outer circumferential surface of the middle part of the secondary pump pipe 6, the inside of the secondary pump pipe 6 is vacuumized at the beginning of the test, and light gas with the pressure of 0.1-1.0 MPa is filled into the secondary pump pipe 6.
The second-stage high-pressure cone section assembly 7 is provided with a conical inner hole section, the large end of the conical inner hole section is connected with the second-stage pump pipe 6, the small end of the conical inner hole section is connected with the third-stage transmitting pipe 8, the diameter of the large end of the conical inner hole section of the second-stage high-pressure cone section assembly 7 is the same as that of the second-stage pump pipe 6, and the diameter of the small end of the conical inner hole section is the same as that of the third-stage transmitting pipe 8; the two ends of the second-stage high-pressure cone section assembly 7 are tightly pressed and sealed by a hydraulic oil pump.
Unlike the cone-entering mode of the first-stage high-pressure cone section 5, the second-stage high-pressure cone section assembly 7 adopts a mode of firstly breaking a membrane and then entering a cone, so that a membrane III 17 and a membrane breaker III 18 are arranged at the joint between the second-stage pump pipe 6 and the second-stage high-pressure cone section assembly 7. Because the speed of the piston II 16 in the secondary pump tube 6 is higher, the secondary high-pressure cone assembly 7 adopts a structure of firstly breaking a membrane and then tapering, the acting time of the bottom pressure of the projectile 19 can be prolonged, and the launching speed of the projectile 19 can be further improved.
The third-stage transmitting tube 8 is also of a straight tube type structure, and one end of the third-stage transmitting tube is connected with the second-stage high-pressure cone section assembly 7; the projectile 19 is placed at one end of the inner part of the third-stage launching tube 8 connected with the second-stage high-pressure cone assembly 7.
The other end of the tertiary emission tube 8 is an emission end, and the emission end extends into the collision target chamber 9. The magnetic speed measuring device 10 is arranged at the end part of the transmitting end of the three-stage transmitting tube 8, the magnetic speed measuring device 10 is connected with an oscilloscope, and the generated signals are collected by the oscilloscope, so that the speed of the projectile 19 is obtained. A bullet support separating device 21 is arranged in front of the magnetic speed measuring device 10 in the collision target chamber 9 and is used for separating bullet supports and shots. A target plate 22 is provided in front of the sabot separation device 21 inside the collision target chamber 9.
The side wall above the collision target chamber 9 is provided with a vent hole for vacuumizing the inside of the collision target chamber and the tertiary emission tube 8. At the same time, a plurality of observation windows 20 are arranged on the collision target chamber 9 for observing the flying posture, the collision condition or the connection test measurement data of the projectile 19.
In the embodiment, the second-stage high-pressure cone assembly 7 has a collision pressure relief function so as to prevent high-speed fragments from splashing back; as shown in fig. 2, the second-stage high-pressure cone assembly 7 includes: the second-stage high-pressure cone section part A71, the second-stage high-pressure cone section part B72, the diffusion chamber 63 and the compression assembly; meanwhile, in order to protect the secondary pump pipe 6 and prolong the service life of the secondary pump pipe 6, a secondary pump pipe transition section 62 is arranged, and the secondary pump pipe transition section 62 adopts a nested structure to protect the secondary pump pipe 6; specific: the end of the second-stage pump pipe 6, which is connected with the second-stage high-pressure cone assembly 7, is provided with a second-stage pump pipe transition section 62, and the end of the second-stage pump pipe 6 extends into the central hole of the second-stage pump pipe transition section 62 and is fixedly connected with the second-stage pump pipe transition section 62 through a nut 61.
In order to improve the material strength of the two-stage pump pipe transition section 62, the two-stage pump pipe transition section 62 adopts a structure form that an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder are sleeved and in interference fit; the inner cylinder is coaxially sleeved in the outer cylinder, one end of the inner cylinder is flush with the end surface of the outer cylinder, and the other end of the inner cylinder is in sealing butt joint with a second-stage pump pipe 6 extending into the outer cylinder; the secondary pump pipe 6 is fixedly connected with the outer cylinder through a nut 61. The inner diameter of the inner cylinder is the same as the inner diameter of the secondary pump pipe 6.
One end of the second-stage high-pressure cone section component A71 is coaxially butted with the second-stage pump pipe transition section 62, and the other end is coaxially butted with the second-stage high-pressure cone section component B72. The central hole of the second-stage high-pressure conical section part A71 comprises a cylindrical hole and a conical hole, and a step surface is arranged between the cylindrical hole and the conical hole; the cylindrical hole is arranged at one end connected with the second-stage pump pipe transition section 62, the large end of the conical hole is connected with the cylindrical hole, and the conical hole is the conical inner hole section of the second-stage high-pressure conical section assembly 7. The diaphragm III 17 and the rupture disc III 18 are limited in the cylindrical hole of the second-stage high-pressure conical section part A71 through the diaphragm limiting ring 73, namely the diaphragm III 17 and the rupture disc III 18 are positioned between the limiting ring 73 and the step surface of the central hole of the second-stage high-pressure conical section part A71.
The center of the butt joint end face of the second-stage high-pressure cone section component A71 and the second-stage high-pressure cone section component B72 is provided with a groove (which can be a hemispherical groove or a circular truncated cone groove), the center of the butt joint end face of the second-stage high-pressure cone section component B72 is correspondingly provided with a bulge matched with the groove, and the sealing of a central hole at the butt joint position is ensured through the matching of the groove and the bulge; the inner diameter of the second-stage high-pressure cone section part B72 is the same as that of the third-stage transmitting tube 8, and the projectile 19 is placed in a central hole of the position where the butt joint end of the second-stage high-pressure cone section part B72 is protruded; the other end of the second-stage high-pressure cone section part B72 is in sealing butt joint with the tertiary transmitting tube 8 through a sealing ring 82 (specifically, the outer diameter of the second-stage high-pressure cone section part B72 is larger than the outer diameter of the tertiary transmitting tube 8, a groove is formed in the other end of the second-stage high-pressure cone section part B72, the end part of the tertiary transmitting tube 8 extends into the groove and is in sealing butt joint with the second-stage high-pressure cone section part B72), and in this example, the sealing ring 82 is a copper ring.
The periphery of the second-stage pump pipe transition section 62, the second-stage high-pressure cone section component A71 and the second-stage high-pressure cone section component B72 is provided with a diffusion chamber 63 with explosion-proof performance, one end of the diffusion chamber 63 is provided with a via hole, and the second-stage pump pipe 6 extends into the second-stage pump pipe transition section 62 through the via hole; the end part of the second-stage pump pipe transition section 62 is fixedly connected with the inner end surface of the through hole end of the diffusion chamber 63; the other end of the diffusion chamber 63 is sealed by an end cap; the tertiary transmitting tube 8 is sealed and butted with the secondary high-pressure cone section part B72 and then extends out of the end cover.
The outer circumferences of the second-stage high-pressure cone section component A71 and the second-stage high-pressure cone section component B72 are provided with compression assemblies used for compressing between the second-stage high-pressure cone section component A71 and the second-stage high-pressure cone section component B72. The pressing component is a plurality of screw rods 74 which are uniformly distributed at intervals along the circumferential direction; the outer circumference of the three-stage emission tube 8, which is positioned in the diffusion chamber 63, is provided with a front flange 81, and the front flange 81 is abutted against the inner end surface of the end cover of the diffusion chamber 63; the outer circumference of the second-stage pump pipe transition section 62 is provided with a shaft shoulder, and a plurality of screw rods 74 are uniformly distributed between the shaft shoulder and the front flange 81 at intervals along the circumferential direction, so that the compression between the second-stage high-pressure cone section part A71 and the second-stage high-pressure cone section part B72 can be realized through adjusting the screw rods 74, and the sealing performance of the projectile 19 before being launched is ensured. In order to realize pressure relief, clearance fit is realized between other positions except for the matched position of the groove and the bulge between the butt joint surfaces of the second-stage high-pressure cone section component A71 and the second-stage high-pressure cone section component B72, and the clearance between the second-stage high-pressure cone section component A71 and the second-stage high-pressure cone section component B72 can be regulated through regulating the pressing force by the pressing component. After the projectile 19 is launched, the piston II 16 collides with the inner wall of the conical hole of the second-stage high-pressure conical section part A71 and the bulge of the end surface of the second-stage high-pressure conical section part B72 to damage the projectile, and at the moment, high-pressure gas in the projectile body and high-speed fragments generated by collision can be unloaded to the diffusion chamber 63 through the gap between the second-stage high-pressure conical section part A71 and the second-stage high-pressure conical section part B72, so that the high-speed fragments are prevented from splashing back to damage the second-stage pump pipe 6; the secondary pump pipe transition section 62 arranged at the front end can effectively protect the secondary pump pipe 6. The diffusion chamber 63 has explosion-proof performance, and prevents leakage of high-pressure gas and high-speed fragments, so as to improve the safety of the experimental system. The second-stage high-pressure cone part A71 and the second-stage high-pressure cone part B72 are disposable articles, and are replaced after each experiment.
The end cap of the diffusion chamber 63 is provided with a vent connected to a vacuum line 83 for evacuating the diffusion chamber 63 prior to testing. In this example, the diffusion chamber 63 communicates directly with the collision target chamber 9 through the evacuation piping 83, whereby the evacuation of the diffusion chamber 63 is completed while evacuating the collision target chamber 9. In the test, the diffusion chamber 63 was supported on a secondary high pressure cone base 75.
In addition, to save test cost, the three-stage emission tube 8 adopts two sections, including an emission tube section A84 and an emission tube section B85 which are coaxially butted; wherein one end of the transmitting pipe section A84 is coaxially butted with the second-stage high-pressure cone section component B72, and the other end is coaxially butted with the transmitting pipe section B85; one end of the tertiary transmitting tube 8 connected with the secondary high-voltage cone section assembly 7 is a fragile section, and the sectional design is adopted, so that when the transmitting tube section A84 is damaged, only the transmitting tube section A84 needs to be replaced, and the test cost is increased due to the fact that the integral replacement is needed when the tertiary transmitting tube 8 is partially damaged.
As shown in fig. 3, the gas injection device 3 includes: an inert gas cylinder 31, an oxygen cylinder 32, and a hydrogen cylinder 33; the inert gas cylinder 31, the oxygen gas cylinder 33 and the hydrogen gas cylinder 33 are all connected to a gas injection pipeline 35 provided with a pressure gauge 34 and a valve 36; the gas injection pipeline 35 is connected with a gas injection hole of the reaction chamber 1 through a valve 36; after the reaction chamber 1 is vacuumized, the gas injection device 3 fills hydrogen and oxygen with set proportion into the reaction chamber 1 through the gas injection hole, in particular to continuously fill inert gas with set proportion, and drives by taking the residual oxygen and inert gas after the reaction as media after ignition, thereby not only ensuring the media required by driving, but also effectively reducing the gun barrel corrosion phenomenon.
The membrane I11, the membrane II 14 and the membrane III 17 are all round metal sheets with the thickness of 2-8 mm, are provided with pre-slotting, and are selected according to the membrane rupture pressure required by the test. The ratio of the inner diameters of the diaphragm I11 and the first-stage pump pipe 4 and the diaphragm II 14 and the second-stage pump pipe 6 is 1.2-1.5, and the ratio of the inner diameter of the diaphragm III 17 and the inner diameter of the third-stage transmitting pipe 8 is 2-2.5.
In order to protect the test device and prevent the corrosion phenomenon after the gas detonation reaction, the inner surfaces of the reaction chamber 1, the primary section pump pipe 4, the primary high-pressure cone section 5, the secondary section pump pipe 6, the secondary section pump pipe transition section 62, the secondary high-pressure cone section component A71 and the secondary high-pressure cone section component B72 are subjected to chromium plating treatment, so that the service life of the test device can be prolonged.
The membrane breaker (including membrane breaker I12, membrane breaker II 15 and membrane breaker III 18) is the circular backing ring of inside trompil, and after the diaphragm of corresponding position reached rupture of membrane pressure, direct adhesion was on the membrane breaker, and it can keep the pipeline clean to take off membrane breaker and diaphragm, improves test efficiency. As shown in FIG. 4, the membrane breaker I12 is a circular ring with a straight cylinder hole inside, and the inner diameter is consistent with that of the pump pipe 4. As shown in FIG. 5, a conical hole is formed in the center of the membrane breaker II 15, the large diameter of the inner surface is equal to the length of a groove of the membrane II 14, and the small diameter is consistent with the inner diameter of the secondary pump pipe 6; the center of the membrane breaker III 18 is provided with a conical hole, the large diameter of the inner surface is equal to the length of the groove of the membrane II 17, and the small diameter is consistent with the inner diameter of the three-stage transmitting tube 8.
The loading experiment system can be used for simulating the research on the aspects of ultra-high-speed space debris impact, asteroid impact and the like, and the loading unit can realize the ultra-high-speed loading of the projectile with the launching speed of more than 10 km/s.
The working principle of the loading experiment system is as follows:
after the mixed reaction gas in the reaction chamber 1 is ignited by the ignition device 2, the pressure and the temperature are reached, and the gas reaction is changed from combustion to detonation reaction. The detonation wave is rapidly transmitted between the reaction chamber 1 and the first-stage pump pipe 4, so that the diaphragm I11 is broken, the pressure at the bottom of the piston I13 in the first-stage pump pipe 4 is rapidly increased at the moment, larger initial acceleration is obtained, the piston I13 moves forwards to compress light gas in the first-stage pump pipe 4, the temperature and the pressure of the light gas are gradually increased, and high-temperature high-pressure gas is rapidly formed under the action of the shock wave; when the high-temperature high-pressure gas reaches the rupture threshold of the membrane II 14, the membrane II 14 is ruptured, and the high-temperature high-pressure gas pushes the piston II 16 in the secondary pump pipe 6 to continuously compress the light gas in the secondary pump pipe 6, so that the light gas forms extremely high-temperature high-pressure gas; when the high-temperature and high-pressure gas in the second-stage pump pipe 6 reaches the membrane rupture threshold value of the membrane III 17, the membrane III 17 is ruptured, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas drives the projectile 19 to start moving, and the projectile is continuously accelerated until the projectile flies out of a muzzle (namely the transmitting end of the third-stage transmitting pipe 8), so that an ideal ultra-high-speed moving state is obtained. The three-stage light air cannon realizes energy conversion and transmission through the motion coupling of the diaphragm, the piston and the projectile. At the same time, after the projectile 19 is launched, the high-pressure gas inside the gun body and the high-speed fragments generated by the collision can be unloaded to the diffusion chamber 63 through the gap between the second-stage high-pressure cone section part A71 and the second-stage high-pressure cone section part B72.
After the membrane is broken, the membranes are directly adhered to the membrane breaker and can be directly taken down to protect the pump pipe and the three-stage emission pipe 8 at the corresponding positions; and the piston in each pump pipe moves to the corresponding high-pressure cone section and is slowly stopped by the blocking force formed by the extrusion of the cone wall and the front light gas.
A magnetic measuring device 10 and a bullet support separating device 21 are arranged at the tail end of the three-stage launching tube 8, and are used for measuring the muzzle velocity of the bullet 19 and realizing bullet support separation; after the projectile exits the muzzle, the projectile will remain in constant motion until it impinges on the target plate 22 of the target chamber 9.
The experimental process of the loading experimental system is as follows:
firstly, the reaction chamber 1, the primary section pump pipe 4, the primary high-pressure cone section 5, the secondary section pump pipe 6, the secondary high-pressure cone section assembly 7, the tertiary emission pipe 8 and the collision target chamber 9 are pumped to a vacuum state.
Then, a certain proportion (usually 1:1) of hydrogen and oxygen are filled into the reaction chamber 1 through the gas injection device 3, and then a certain proportion of inert gas (usually nitrogen) is continuously filled, so that single gas and inert gas remained after the ignition can be used as driving media for reducing the corrosion pressure after the detonation of the pump pipe. The light gas with certain pressure is filled into the primary pump pipe 4 and the secondary pump pipe 6 through gas injection holes.
After the mixed reaction gas in the reaction chamber 1 is ignited by the ignition device 2, the pressure and the temperature are reached, and the gas reaction is changed from combustion to detonation reaction. The detonation wave is rapidly transmitted between the reaction chamber 1 and the first-stage pump pipe 4 by taking the residual single gas and inert gas as mediums, so that the diaphragm I11 is broken, the pressure at the bottom of the piston I13 in the first-stage pump pipe 4 is rapidly increased at the moment, larger initial acceleration is obtained, and the light gas in the first-stage pump pipe 4 is compressed. Under the action of shock waves, high-temperature and high-pressure gas is rapidly formed through the high-pressure cone section 5, the diaphragm is broken after the diaphragm II 14 has a rupture threshold, the piston II 16 in the secondary pump pipe 6 is pushed to enable light gas in the secondary pump pipe to form extremely high-temperature and high-pressure gas, the diaphragm is broken after the diaphragm II 17 has a rupture threshold, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas drives the projectile 19 to start moving, the projectile is continuously accelerated until the projectile flies out of a muzzle, an ideal ultra-high-speed movement state is obtained, and targets are planned according to expectations.
Example 2:
the embodiment gives a specific implementation case of a three-stage light air gun, wherein the size of the reaction chamber 1 is 160mm in inner diameter, 1.3m in length and 26.1L in air chamber volume, and 1 is filled in sequence: 1 hydrogen, oxygen and suitably nitrogen. The inner diameter of one end of the reaction chamber 1, which is communicated with the primary pump pipe 4, is 110mm as the inner diameter of the primary pump pipe 4, and the length of the primary pump pipe 4 is 12m; the thickness of the diaphragm I11 is 5mm, the diameter is 138mm, and the length of the groove is 102mm; the cone angle of the first-stage high-pressure cone section 5 is 6 degrees, the inner diameter of the large end is 110mm, and the inner diameter of the small end is 30mm; the inner diameter of the second-stage pump pipe 6 is 30mm, the length is 10.7m, and 1MPa hydrogen is filled into the first-stage pump pipe 4 and the second-stage pump pipe 6; the thickness of the diaphragm II 14 is 5mm, the diameter is 70mm, and the length of the groove is 34mm; the cone angle of the conical inner hole section in the second-stage high-pressure cone section assembly 7 is 9 degrees, the inner diameter of the large end is 30mm, and the inner diameter of the small end is 10mm; the inner diameter of the three-stage emission tube 8 is 10mm, and the length is 31.7m; the thickness of the diaphragm III 17 is 5mm, the diameter is 70mm, and the length of the groove is 34mm; the test uses spherical pellets with a diameter of 5mm and is made of aluminum. The firing rate of the pellets 19 under different conditions is shown in Table 1, and the firing rate of the pellets 19 in test No. 3 can reach 18.55km/s.
TABLE 1 actual ballistic velocity
Test number | Reaction chamber pressure/MPa | Pellet mass/g | Measured bullet speed/km/ |
1 | 6 | 1.04 | 7.54 |
2 | 7 | 1.11 | 8.52 |
3 | 7 | 1.09 | 18.55 |
Therefore, the energy utilization efficiency of the light air cannon is improved by adopting a three-stage driving mode, and the stable launching speed of the three-stage cannon reaches or even exceeds 12km/s.
Example 3:
based on the above embodiment 1, the three-stage light gas cannon as the loading unit is a two-stage to three-stage convertible light gas cannon.
Based on this, the collision target chamber 9 is provided with two sets of flange interfaces, one set for fitting the tertiary emitter tube 8 and the other set for fitting the secondary pump tube 6. For the research fields of mechanics, chemistry and the like under the general high strain rate effect, under the condition that the highest launching speed is required to be within 8km/s, directly removing the tertiary launching tube 8 and the secondary high-pressure cone section assembly 7, then removing the piston II 16, and placing the projectile 19 at the position to be used as a secondary cannon; the second-stage pump pipe 6 is used as a transmitting pipe at this time, so that the conversion from the third-stage to the second-stage large-caliber light air cannon can be completed.
While the invention has been described in detail in the foregoing general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and improvements can be made thereto. Accordingly, such modifications or improvements may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention and are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (9)
1. Three-level light gas big gun loading experiment system based on oxyhydrogen detonation drive, its characterized in that includes: a loading unit and a collision target chamber;
the loading unit is a three-level light gas gun driven based on reactive gas detonation, and comprises: the reaction chamber, the first-stage pump pipe, the first-stage high-pressure cone section, the second-stage pump pipe, the second-stage high-pressure cone section assembly and the third-stage emission pipe are coaxially connected in sequence;
the reaction chamber is provided with an ignition device and an air injection hole connected with the air injection device;
a diaphragm I and a membrane breaker I are arranged at the joint of the first-stage pump pipe and the reaction chamber; a piston I is arranged in the first-stage pump pipe and close to the membrane breaker I;
the connection part of the second-stage pump pipe and the first-stage high-pressure cone section is provided with a diaphragm II and a membrane breaker II, and a piston II is arranged in the second-stage pump pipe and close to the membrane breaker II;
the connection part of the secondary section pump pipe and the secondary high-pressure cone section assembly is provided with a diaphragm III and a diaphragm breaker III;
the projectile is placed at one end of the secondary high-pressure cone section assembly connected with the inside of the tertiary launching tube; the secondary high-pressure cone section assembly has a pressure relief function;
the transmitting end of the tertiary transmitting tube extends into the collision target chamber; the end part of the transmitting end is provided with a magnetic speed measuring device; the front of the magnetic speed measuring device inside the collision target chamber is sequentially provided with a bullet support separating device and a target plate.
2. The three-stage light gas gun loading experiment system based on oxyhydrogen detonation driving according to claim 1, wherein the two-stage high-pressure cone section assembly comprises: a second-stage pump pipe transition section, a second-stage high-pressure cone section part A and a second-stage high-pressure cone section part B;
the secondary pump pipe is connected with the secondary high-pressure cone section assembly through a secondary pump pipe transition section;
one end of the second-stage high-pressure cone section component A is coaxially butted with the transition section of the second-stage pump pipe, and the other end of the second-stage high-pressure cone section component A is coaxially butted with the second-stage high-pressure cone section component B; the other end of the second-stage high-pressure cone section component B is in sealing butt joint with the tertiary emission tube;
the center hole of the secondary high-pressure conical section part A comprises a cylindrical hole and a conical hole, and a step surface is arranged between the cylindrical hole and the conical hole; the cylindrical hole is arranged at one end connected with the transition section of the two-stage pump pipe, and the large end of the conical hole is connected with the cylindrical hole; a diaphragm III and a rupture disc III are limited in the cylindrical hole of the second-stage high-pressure conical section part A through a diaphragm limiting ring;
the butt ends of the second-stage high-pressure cone section component A and the second-stage high-pressure cone section component B are in clearance fit; the secondary high-pressure cone section component A is provided with a groove at the center of the end face of the butt joint end, and the secondary high-pressure cone section component B is correspondingly provided with a protrusion matched with the groove at the center of the end face of the butt joint end; the sealing of the central hole at the joint of the second-stage high-pressure cone section part A and the second-stage high-pressure cone section part B is realized through the matching of the grooves and the protrusions;
the projectile is placed in a central hole of the position where the butt joint end of the second-stage high-pressure cone section component B is located; the inner diameter of the second-stage high-pressure cone section component B is the same as that of the third-stage transmitting tube.
3. The three-stage light gas gun loading experiment system based on oxyhydrogen detonation driving according to claim 2, wherein the two-stage high-pressure cone assembly further comprises a diffusion chamber;
the periphery of the second-stage pump pipe transition section, the second-stage high-pressure cone section part A and the second-stage high-pressure cone section part B is provided with a sealed diffusion chamber, and the diffusion chamber is provided with a vent hole for vacuumizing.
4. The three-stage light gas gun loading experiment system based on oxyhydrogen detonation driving according to claim 3, wherein the secondary high-pressure cone section assembly further comprises a compression assembly;
the outer circumference of the transmitting tube, which is positioned in the diffusion chamber, is provided with a front flange which is abutted against the inner end surface of the diffusion chamber; the outer circumference of the transition section of the two-stage pump pipe is provided with a shaft shoulder, and a plurality of screw rods which are uniformly distributed between the shaft shoulder and the front flange at intervals along the circumferential direction form a compression assembly.
5. The oxyhydrogen detonation drive-based three-stage light gas gun loading experiment system according to claim 2, 3 or 4, wherein the two-stage pump pipe transition section adopts a structure form of sleeved inner cylinder and outer cylinder and interference fit; the inner cylinder is coaxially sleeved inside the outer cylinder, and one end of the inner cylinder is flush with the end face of the outer cylinder; the other end is in sealing butt joint with a second-stage pump pipe extending into the outer cylinder; the second-stage pump pipe is fixedly connected with the outer cylinder; the inner diameter of the inner cylinder is the same as the inner diameter of the secondary Duan Beng pipe.
6. The three-stage light gas gun loading experiment system based on oxyhydrogen detonation driving as claimed in claim 3 or 4, wherein the launching tube adopts two sections, including a launching tube section A and a launching tube section B which are coaxially butted;
and one end of the transmitting pipe section A extends into the diffusion chamber and is coaxially butted with the secondary high-pressure cone section component B, and the other end of the transmitting pipe section A is coaxially butted with the transmitting pipe section B.
7. The three-stage light gas gun loading experiment system based on oxyhydrogen detonation driving according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the vent hole on the diffusion chamber is communicated with the collision target chamber through a vacuumizing pipeline, so that vacuumizing of the diffusion chamber is completed while vacuumizing of the collision target chamber is performed.
8. The three-stage light gas gun loading experiment system based on oxyhydrogen detonation driving according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the collision target chamber is provided with two sets of flange interfaces, one set is used for being connected with a three-stage emission tube, and the loading unit is the three-stage light gas gun based on oxyhydrogen detonation driving; the other set is used for being connected with the secondary pump pipe, and the loading unit is a secondary light air gun based on oxyhydrogen detonation driving.
9. The oxyhydrogen detonation drive-based three-stage light gas cannon loading experiment system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the gas injection device comprises: inert gas cylinders, oxygen cylinders and hydrogen cylinders; the inert gas cylinder, the oxygen cylinder and the hydrogen cylinder are all connected to a gas injection pipeline provided with a pressure gauge and a valve; the gas injection pipeline is connected with a gas injection hole on the reaction chamber.
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