CN115843603A - Novel summer branch pulling method for shed frame pear trees - Google Patents
Novel summer branch pulling method for shed frame pear trees Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a novel method for pulling branches of a pear tree in a shed frame in summer. When the green brown branches are in the diameter of 0.8-1.0cm and the length of 80-120cm, selecting the branches within half of the length of the main branch and within 30cm of the bearing branch group of the greenhouse pear tree with two arms in a forward running manner for batch branch pulling. The branch pulling method adopts a high-frequency small-amplitude shaking branch pulling method, one hand tightly holds the base of the branch, the other hand tightly holds the middle lower part of the branch by four fingers, the high-frequency small-amplitude vertical shaking is carried out in the forward direction until the branch is close to the horizontal state, and then the high-frequency small-amplitude horizontal shaking is carried out until the branch reaches the required direction. The branch pulling method replaces 'shaking' for twisting 'and' shaking 'for pressing', no scratch is needed, the branches are shaken in a high-frequency and small-amplitude mode in the whole branch pulling process, the folding range of the bent parts of the branches is wide, and breakage is rarely caused; the bent part of the branch is close to the base, the opening angle is good, and the front end of the branch is upwarped; the requirement on the aspect of palm strength does not exist for an operator, the whole branch pulling process is easily finished, the working strength is obviously reduced, and the working efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fruit tree cultivation and fruit tree ecology, and relates to a novel pear tree shed frame shaping and trimming method.
Background
The pear tree shed frame cultivation has the advantage of wind resistance, has incomparable advantages of the conventional frameless cultivation tree form in the aspect of improving the fruit quality, particularly the fruit uniformity, is an important mode of high-quality, standardized and mechanized cultivation, and is inevitably selected along with the improvement of the consumption level of people. The aging problem of agricultural population in China is increasingly prominent, the cost of agricultural labor is increasing year by year, the pear industry puts higher demands on light simplification and labor saving technology, and the development of pear tree form from frameless to framed cultivation is a necessary trend. In the last decade, under the support of the national pear industry and technology system and the Hubei province agricultural science and technology innovation center, the research, development and demonstration of the novel double-arm forward (hang) type shed frame shaping and trimming technology for popularizing pear trees achieve remarkable results. The technology has the advantages of simple management, simple and convenient operation, labor saving, convenient mechanical operation, high yield and high quality, and obtains the national patent of the novel shed pear tree series, namely 6 patents and 1 patent of the utility model, comprising: (1) A novel shed frame pear tree form and a shaping method thereof are disclosed in the invention patent number ZL201310004696.0; (2) A method for quickly putting main branches of a pear tree on a shed is disclosed in the invention with the patent number ZL201310004697.5; (3) A novel shed frame pear bearing branch group and a culture method thereof are disclosed in the invention patent number ZL201310010694.2; (4) A method for updating fruiting branch group of shed pear tree comprises ZL201310742493.1; (5) A method for culturing branch of shed frame pear tree comprises providing ZL201711016159.2; (6) A pruning method for strengthening the growth vigor of the tip of a main branch of a shed pear tree is ZL201711023044.6; (7) A novel improved pear tree flat shed frame type, ZL 201320006399.5), has been demonstrated and popularized in 20 provinces and cities in China, has obvious advantages in the aspects of high quality, light simplification, labor saving, standardization and mechanization, and is suitable for industrial development and sightseeing picking.
The novel trellis cultivation of pear trees in a double-arm forward-moving manner is a technical cultivation mode of fruiting on a trellis, namely, all pear trees are on the trellis surface, and the trellis cultivation technology is different from the trellis cultivation technology of fruiting under the trellis and tree frame separation in China.
After the main branches of the shed pear trees are put on the shelf, the main tasks of pruning the pear trees are to erect the branches, draw the branches and put on the shelf, culture and update the bearing branches. In the popularization and practice of the novel double-arm forward-moving type shed frame pear tree shaping and trimming technology in the last 10 years, the branch pulling technology is deeply recognized as the most core technology of the novel double-arm forward-moving type shed frame cultivation, and the expansion of the crowns of shed frame pear trees and the improvement of the yield are directly related.
The branch pulling of the shed pear trees is divided into winter branch pulling and summer branch pulling. The pear tree branch has the remarkable characteristics that the base angle is not easy to open when the branch is pulled in winter, and the pear tree branch is easy to split. Before the branches of the pear trees are semi-lignified in summer, the branches are soft, but at the moment, the branches are in a vigorous growth period, the branches are thin and short, the branch pulling is not beneficial to the expansion of crowns, the growth of axillary buds and the culture of long fruit branches in the current year are also not beneficial, and the branch pulling is generally not carried out before the branches are semi-lignified in production. The branches begin to be semi-lignified along with the growth of the branches, the branches reach a certain length, but the branch pulling at the stage is easy to break and cannot be pulled; then, as the pear branches grow, the base parts of the pear branches are gradually lignified, but branch pulling is more difficult, the base parts are difficult to bend at a position which is less than 20cm away from the base parts during branch pulling, and the bent parts of the branches are high. At this stage, the branches of the pear trees are pulled down, the branches are bent at the soft part of the middle part generally, and the branches are in a bow shape; after the branches are in a bow shape, the back branches are easy to be drawn out from the base parts, the front ends of the branches grow slowly, and the resulting branches are difficult to extend on the surface of the flat shed frame, so that the yield of the shed frame pear trees is directly influenced. If the branches are forced to be leveled, the bases of the branches are easy to break, and the expansion of the crowns of the pear trees and the improvement of the yield are also influenced.
The two-arm forward-walking type shed frame pear trees are obviously different from shed frame pear trees and conventional frameless cultivation pear trees which bear fruit in early stage in China in the aspects of shaping and trimming. The branches of the pear trees in the two-arm forward-walking type shed frame are all put on the frame to bear fruits, the branches are required to be in a 0-30-degree state with the horizontal line after being put on the frame from an upright state, namely, the horizontal state or a nearly horizontal state, the branch pulling amplitude is large, the branch breaking possibility is high, and the requirement on branch pulling in summer is high.
In the summer branch pulling process of the existing shed frame pear trees, operators are afraid of branch breakage and are afraid of not pulling branches, the bending part of the branch is higher frequently when the branch is pulled, and the problem of bow-shaped branches is caused, so that the branch group culture is not facilitated. In the past, the method of 'picking branches' is adopted to soften the branches, the method is only suitable for being carried out when the branches are short and soft, and when the branches reach the length and the thickness (semi-lignification) required by branch pulling, the 'picking branches' process is easy to cause the breakage of the branches.
The inventor has created a 'scratch twisting' branch pulling method for greenhouse pear trees in summer in 2015 [ Wutao, qizhongqi, prime, yangfu minister, li Ximing, juhong Yan, liu Zheng, octopun ], a 'scratch pressing' branch pulling technology for greenhouse pear trees in winter [ J ]. Fruit trees in south China, 2017, 46 (06): 161+164 ] successfully solves the problem of the bow-shaped branch of branch pulling. However, after the popularization and practice in recent years, the technology has some defects, which mainly comprise: (1) The scratching process has certain requirements on the experience of operators, and the inexperienced operators can scratch the cortex of the branch easily to cause the fracture in the branch pulling process; (2) The scratching process consumes labor force, wastes labor and time, and has low branch pulling efficiency; (3) The twisting-pressing process is similar to the branch taking process, the branch is easy to break in the branch twisting process due to poor strength control, and the branch is easy to break in the later period after branch pulling and fixing. Therefore, the branch pulling of the shed pear trees in summer is a technical difficulty for shed cultivation.
The inventor has created a technology of 'scratch pressing' branch pulling in winter of a trellis pear tree in 2017 [ Wutao, qizhongqi, gufang, yangfuchchen, liming, zhuhongyan, tianzhongmao ] application of a 'scratch pressing' branch pulling method in summer of the pear tree [ J ]. Fruit trees in south China, 2015, 44 (06): 150-151. The technology is carried out on the basis of 'scratching' of the base of the branch, which can improve the branching angle of the base of the branch and lead the branch not to be in a bow shape easily. According to the method, the pear tree is scratched, pressed and rotated in winter, on the basis of scratching, the branch is rotated on the basis of pressing and softening the branch, the application effect is better in winter when the branch is fully lignified, but after the branch is scratched in summer under the condition that the lignification degree of the branch is not high, the branch is broken easily at the branch tip in summer when the branch is scratched in summer, and the lignification degree of the branch is low. However, if the branch pulling is not carried out in summer, the bearing period is late due to the fact that long fruit branches cannot be cultured, the difference of the growth vigor of the branches on the main branches before and after is large, and the branch pulling difficulty is large in winter.
The applicant has been engaged in simplified pruning technical research of shed frame pear trees for many years, and based on a 'scratching twisting and pressing' branch pulling method in summer and a 'scratching pressing and rotating' branch pulling technology of the shed frame pear trees in winter, a 'high-frequency small-amplitude shaking' branch pulling method is discovered and created in recent years, the problem that the former two methods need to be scratched is solved, scratching is not needed, the technology is simpler and more convenient, labor cost is saved, and branches are not easy to break. Compared with the traditional general branch pulling technology, the problem that the branch pulling is easy to break is solved, and bow-shaped branches are obviously reduced. The high-frequency small-amplitude dithering branch pulling method successfully solves the problem of branch pulling of the shed frame pear trees with two arms moving forward in summer.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention creates a high-frequency small-amplitude shaking branch pulling method for a shed pear tree in summer and matched technologies of branch pulling time, branch pulling object selection, branch pulling angle control, branch binding and fixing and the like, and forms a new technical system for the shed pear tree in summer.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a novel method for pulling branches of shed pear trees in summer comprises a high-frequency small-amplitude shaking branch pulling method, a branch pulling range, a branch pulling object, branch pulling time, a branch pulling angle and branch binding fixation:
the branch pulling method of high-frequency small-amplitude jitter comprises the following steps: the base of the branch is tightly held by one hand, the middle lower part of the branch is pressed by the other hand with four fingers (the higher the lignification degree of the branch is, the more upward the stress point of the pressing branch moves), the high-frequency small-amplitude upward and downward shaking is carried out in the forward direction (the south or north direction of the pear trees planted in the south or north direction) until the branch is close to the horizontal shape, and then the high-frequency small-amplitude horizontal shaking is carried out until the branch reaches the required direction. In the whole branch pulling process, two hands are matched, the hand holding the base of the branch is not loosened, the branch softening process is felt, and when the branch has a fracture sign, the other hand reduces the force and the shaking amplitude to prevent the branch from being fractured.
The high-frequency small amplitude jitter is as follows: 180-200 times per minute, 3 or more times per second. Shaking for 2 seconds (about 6 times), wherein the branches are usually shaken up and down for 3-4 groups for about 3-4 seconds; level 2-3 groups, completed in about 2-3 seconds, and branch pulling was completed in 5-7 seconds total.
The left hand and the right hand are only used for expressing the requirement, and the left hand and the right hand can be exchanged in the production without influencing the application of the patent.
The branch pulling range of the high-frequency small-amplitude shaking branch pulling method is that branches are selected to be pulled within half of the length of the main branch of the shed frame pear tree with two forward arms and within 30cm of the fruiting branch group, and the rest branches are not pulled, so that labor is saved, and the growth of the front end branch of the main branch is facilitated. For example, in a double-arm forward-walking type trellis pear tree with north-south field planting and a main branch length of 2m, the branch pulling range is mainly in a funnel-shaped region, the branch point of the main branch is taken as the center, the south-north direction is 2m, and the east-west direction is 0.6m, and branches outside the range are not pulled except for the proper branch pulling of branches with particularly vigorous growth.
The branch pulling object of the high-frequency small-amplitude jitter branch pulling method comprises the following steps: selecting bearing branches needing to be put on shelves, as well as strong branches, renewal branches and branch pulling branches on main branches and bearing branch groups. The diameter of the branch is generally 0.8-1.0cm, and the length is 80-120cm. The vigorous branches generally refer to upright branches with concentrated nutrition and vigorous growth on the back, cut or lateral positions at the base of a main branch or a fruiting branch group, the height of the upright branches is obviously higher than that of other branches, and the tips of the branches protrude out of a 'sharp branch' of a tree crown leaf curtain layer.
The branch pulling time of the high-frequency small-amplitude shaking branch pulling method is before and after the young shoots stop growing, branch pulling is performed by taking the thickness and the length of branches and the color of the bases of the branches as indexes, and when the diameter of the branches at the bases of main branches or fruiting branch groups is 0.8-1.0cm and the length of the branches is 80-120cm, the branches can be pulled if the standard is met, the branches are preferably green brown, the branches are early when the branches are green, and the branches are late when the branches are brown or dark brown. The branch pulling is in a batch branch pulling mode, a sharp branch at the base is pulled early, a branch at the front end is pulled late or not, a relatively sharp branch is pulled in each time, and the whole garden rounds for 2-3 times to complete the branch pulling.
The branch pulling angle of the high-frequency small-amplitude jitter branch pulling method is as follows: the base part has a flat angle, the middle part is oblique, and the tip is upright. The base branches and the frame surface of the shed are about 15 degrees, the middle branches and the frame surface are about 30 degrees, and the front branches are not pulled in summer and are upright.
The high-frequency small-amplitude shaking branch pulling method is used for binding and fixing: after the branch is pulled to the right position, one end of the rope is tied to the acting point of the pulling branch, generally at the middle lower part of the branch, the branch binding position is as close to the base as possible (the rope is fixed at the middle part or the front end of the branch, the front end of the branch is easy to droop due to the fact that the branch is arched), the position is about 30cm away from the base of the branch, and the other end of the branch is fixed on a steel wire of a shed frame.
The trunk of the double-arm forward type shed frame pear tree is 1.2-1.3 m high, no central trunk, 2 main branches extend forwards and leftwards and rightwards, so the double-arm forward type shed frame pear tree is called as a shed frame tree form. Two main branches extend to the frame surface at an angle of 45 degrees after being branched from the main trunk, and the vertical distance between a branch point and the flat shed is about 50 cm. After the main branches are put on the shelf, single-shaft fruiting branch groups are directly and uniformly grown on the main branches and vertically extend to the space between rows to fill the space of the shelf surface. 9-10 single-axis fruiting branch groups are grown in each main branch, and the distance between single sides is about 40 cm. The two-arm forward type trellis pear trees are arranged on a flat net frame with the height of 1.8m and the wire length of 50cm by 50cm.
Advantageous effects
The high-frequency small-amplitude shaking branch pulling method has the characteristics of simplicity, convenience and high efficiency, overcomes the problem that the two branches need to be scratched, has simpler technology, and is not easy to break branches. Compared with the traditional branch pulling technology, the branch is not easy to break and is not easy to pull into a bow shape, and the problem of branch pulling of the shed frame pear trees with two arms moving forward in summer is successfully solved. In 2021-2022, experiments of 2000 mu were carried out in the double-arm forward-walking pear garden (picnic township lake village in the city of peach), double-red-sand pear cooperation (Baileizhou town dam village) in Zhijiang city in the north of lake, the ecological agriculture technology limited in flood in the north of lake (Qingquan town hong village in xi water county), the Jinmei Fang family farm in public security county in the north of lake (Hemi town south village), and the like, and the experiments prove that remarkable effects are obtained. The application and popularization of the technology have important significance for enriching the patent achievements of the novel double-arm forward-running type greenhouse frame pear tree shaping and pruning series and accelerating the application and popularization of the technology.
The high-frequency small-amplitude shaking branch pulling method adopts shaking instead of twisting and shaking instead of pressing, the whole branch pulling process is carried out by small-amplitude shaking, the folding range of the bent part of the branch is wider, and the branch is rarely broken; the bent part of the branch is close to the base, the opening angle is good, and the front end of the branch is upwarped; because the base of the branch is held by one hand, even if the breakage happens occasionally, the breakage degree is in a controllable range, and the branch cannot be completely broken. Because the method does not need to scratch and twist branches, the method does not have the requirement on the palm strength of an operator, is suitable for female operation, and the whole process is easily finished, so that the working strength is reduced. The branch pulling method does not need to scratch, and the working efficiency is obviously improved.
Compared with the 'scratching twisting and pressing' branch pulling technology, the bending point of the branch from the branch point is reduced by 7.5cm, the proportion of the 'bow' -shaped branch is reduced to 0 (the higher the bending point is, the more the branch is easy to be in the 'bow' -shape), the folding range is increased by 5cm, and the folding number is increased by 4 (the wider the folding range is, the more the folding number is, the more the folding is difficult to break); under the condition of the same quantity of branch pulling in summer, labor cost is reduced by 64.3%, the branch pulling and breaking rate is reduced by 95.7%, the quantity of branches on the backs of the branches in the second year after branch pulling of the branches is reduced by 26.7%, the average length of the tip branches of the bearing branches is increased by 29.6%, the crowns are enlarged and increased rapidly, the flower forming rate of the branches is improved by 44.7%, and the yield of single-branch fruits is increased by 60%.
Compared with the common branch pulling technology, the bending point is reduced by 12.5cm, the proportion of the bow-shaped branches is reduced to 0, the wrinkle range is increased by 7.5cm, and the number of wrinkles is increased by 5; the labor cost is reduced by 40%, the branch pulling and breaking rate is reduced by 97.5%, the number of branches on the back and the upper branches is reduced by 67.6%, the average length of the first end branches of the bearing branches is increased by 210.2%, the crown is rapidly enlarged and increased, the flower forming rate of the branches is increased by 218.9%, and the yield of single-branch fruits is increased by 113.3%.
The branch pulling time is short, the thickness of the branch reaches 8cm, the length of the branch reaches 80cm, and batch branch pulling can be started when the color of the branch is green brown, so that the forward and backward growth potential balance of the branch on the main branch is effectively promoted (figure 5).
The invention is not only suitable for pulling branches of novel shed frame pear trees with double arms in a straight-line manner in summer, but also provides beneficial reference for pulling branches of other types of shed frame pear trees.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the "high frequency small amplitude jitter" branch pulling method step (one);
FIG. 2 shows the "high frequency small amplitude jitter" branch pulling method step (II);
FIG. 3 shows the "high frequency small amplitude jitter" branch pulling method step (III);
FIG. 4 shows a front-back comparison of the high-frequency small-amplitude trembling tree body by the branch pulling method;
FIG. 5 comparison before and after "high frequency small amplitude jitter" branch pulling Faraday branch (before branch pulling);
FIG. 6 comparison of before and after "high frequency small amplitude jitter" branch pulling Faraday (before branch pulling);
1, main branches; 2. young shoots; 3, flat shed frame steel wire; 4, left hand; 5, right hand; 6. the right hand shakes left and right with high frequency and small amplitude;
7. and (5) the wrinkles at the left-hand holding position.
Detailed Description
Carrying out variety implementation: green crown
The implementation place is as follows: hubei Aldi organic matter development Limited company pear garden (Xiantao city Hu Pon Tan lake village)
1) Branch pulling range: the branch pulling range is mainly in a funnel-shaped area, the branch point of the main branch is taken as the center, the range of 2m in the north-south direction and 0.6m in the east-west direction is taken, and the branches outside the range are not pulled except the branches with particularly vigorous growth.
2) Branch pulling time: before and after the young shoots stop growing, the branch pulling method takes the thickness and the length of the branch and the color of the base of the branch as indexes, the diameter of the branch at the base of the main branch or fruiting branch group is 0.8-1.0cm, and the length of the branch is 80-120cm, no matter whether the branch stops growing, the branch pulling method can be carried out when the standard is met, the branch is preferably green and brown, the branch is earlier when the branch is green, and the branch is later when the branch is brown or dark brown. The branch pulling is in a batch branch pulling mode, a sharp branch at the base is pulled early, a branch at the front end is pulled late or not, a relatively sharp branch is pulled in each time, and the whole garden rounds for 2-3 times to complete the branch pulling.
3) The branch pulling method comprises the following steps: the high-frequency small-amplitude twitching method is adopted, one hand grips the base of the twigs, the other hand presses the middle lower parts of the twigs by four fingers (figure 1), the higher the lignification degree of the twigs is, the more the acting point of the pressing branches moves upwards, the high-frequency small-amplitude twigs upwards and downwards in the forward direction (the south and north direction of the pear trees planted in the south and north direction) until the twigs are close to the horizontal shape, and then the horizontal high-frequency small-amplitude twigs to the required direction (figure 3). In the whole branch pulling process, two hands are matched, the hand holding the base of the branch is not loosened, the branch softening process is felt, and when the branch has a fracture sign, the other hand reduces the force and the shaking amplitude to prevent the branch from being fractured. High-frequency small-amplitude dithering 180-200 times per minute, and dithering frequency more than 3 times per second. Shaking for 2 seconds (about 6 times), wherein the branches are usually shaken up and down for 3-4 groups for about 3-4 seconds; level 2-3 groups, completed in about 2-3 seconds, and the branch pulling was completed in 5-7 seconds total.
4) The angle of branch pulling: the angle of the base part is relatively flat, the middle part is oblique, and the tip is slightly upright. The base branches and the frame surface of the shed are about 15 degrees, the middle branches and the frame surface are about 30 degrees, and the front branches are not pulled in summer and are upright.
5) Branch binding and fixing: after the branch is pulled to the right position, one end of the rope is tied to the acting point of the pulling branch, generally at the middle lower part of the branch, the branch binding position is as close to the base as possible (the rope is fixed at the middle part or the front end of the branch, the front end of the branch is easy to droop due to the fact that the branch is arched), the position is about 30cm away from the base of the branch, and the other end of the branch is fixed on a steel wire of a shed frame.
Test results show that compared with the 'scratching twisting and pressing' branch pulling technology, the bending point of the branch from the branch point is reduced by 7.5cm, the proportion of the 'bow' -shaped branch is reduced to 0 (the higher the bending point is, the more easily the branch is in a 'bow' -shape), the folding range is increased by 5cm, and the folding number is increased by 4 (the wider the folding range is, the more the folding number is, the more the folding is not easy to break); under the condition of equal quantity of branch pulling in summer, the labor cost is reduced by 64.3%, the branch pulling and breaking rate is reduced by 95.7%, the quantity of branches on the backs of the branches in the second year after branch pulling of the new shoots is reduced by 26.7%, the average length of the first-end branches of the bearing branches is increased by 29.6%, the crowns are rapidly enlarged and increased, the flower forming rate of the branches is improved by 44.7%, and the yield of single-branch fruits is increased by 60%.
Compared with the common branch pulling technology, the bending point is reduced by 12.5cm, the proportion of the bow-shaped branches is reduced to 0, the wrinkle range is increased by 7.5cm, and the number of wrinkles is increased by 5; the labor cost is reduced by 40%, the branch pulling and breaking rate is reduced by 97.5%, the number of branches on the back and the upper branches of the branches is reduced by 67.6%, the average length of the front branches of the bearing branches is increased by 210.2%, the crown is enlarged and increased rapidly, the flowering rate of the branches is increased by 218.9%, and the yield of single-branch fruits is increased by 113.3%.
The comparison of the high-frequency small-amplitude shaking branch pulling method and the scratch twisting and pressing branch pulling technical characteristics of the shed frame pear trees is shown in the table 1 and the table 2.
The branch pulling method of high-frequency small-amplitude jitter comprises the following steps: the base of the branch is tightly held by one hand, the middle lower part of the branch is pressed by the other hand with four fingers (the higher the lignification degree of the branch is, the more upward the stress point of the pressing branch moves), the high-frequency small-amplitude upward and downward shaking is carried out in the forward direction (the south or north direction of the pear trees planted in the south or north direction) until the branch is close to the horizontal shape, and then the high-frequency small-amplitude horizontal shaking is carried out until the branch reaches the required direction. In the whole branch pulling process, two hands are matched, the hand holding the base of the branch is not loosened, the branch softening process is felt, and when the branch has a fracture sign, the other hand reduces the force and the shaking amplitude to prevent the branch from being fractured.
The high-frequency small amplitude jitter is as follows: 180-200 times per minute, 3 or more times per second. Shaking for 2 seconds (about 6 times) to form a group, and shaking the branches for 3-4 groups generally for 3-4 seconds; level 2-3 groups, completed in about 2-3 seconds, and branch pulling was completed in 5-7 seconds total.
The left hand and the right hand are only used for expressing the requirement, and the left hand and the right hand can be exchanged in the production without influencing the application of the patent.
The branch pulling range of the high-frequency small-amplitude shaking branch pulling method is that branches are selected to be pulled within half of the length of the main branch of the shed frame pear tree with two forward arms and within 30cm of the fruiting branch group, and the rest branches are not pulled, so that labor is saved, and the growth of the front end branch of the main branch is facilitated. For example, in a double-arm forward-walking type trellis pear tree with north-south field planting and a main branch length of 2m, the branch pulling range is mainly in a funnel-shaped region, the branch point of the main branch is taken as the center, the south-north direction is 2m, and the east-west direction is 0.6m, and branches outside the range are not pulled except for the proper branch pulling of branches with particularly vigorous growth.
The branch pulling object of the high-frequency small-amplitude jitter branch pulling method selects the bearing branch needing to be put on the shelf, the vigorous branches, the renewal branches and the empty branch filling pulling branches on the main branch and the bearing branch group. The diameter of the branch is generally 0.8-1.0cm, and the length is 80-120cm. The vigorous branches generally refer to upright branches with concentrated nutrition and vigorous growth on the back, cut or lateral positions at the base of a main branch or a fruiting branch group, the height of the upright branches is obviously higher than that of other branches, and the tips of the branches protrude out of a 'sharp branch' of a tree crown leaf curtain layer.
The branch pulling time of the high-frequency small-amplitude shaking branch pulling method is before and after the growth of a new shoot, the branch pulling time takes the thickness and the length of a branch and the color of the base of the branch as indexes, and the branch can be pulled if the diameter of the base of a main branch or a fruiting branch group is 0.8-1.0cm and the length of the base of the main branch or the fruiting branch group is 80-120cm and the branch is not grown until the growth is stopped, the branch is preferably green and brown, the branch is earlier when the branch is green, and the branch is later when the branch is brown or dark brown. The branch pulling is in a batch branch pulling mode, a sharp branch at the base is pulled early, a branch at the front end is pulled late or not, a relatively sharp branch is pulled in each time, and the whole garden rounds for 2-3 times to complete the branch pulling.
The branch pulling angle of the high-frequency small-amplitude jitter branch pulling method is as follows: the base part has a flat angle, the middle part is oblique, and the tip is upright. The base branches and the frame surface of the shed are about 15 degrees, the middle branches and the frame surface are about 30 degrees, and the front branches are not pulled in summer and are upright.
The branch pulling method of high-frequency small-amplitude shaking is used for branch binding and fixing: after the branches are pulled to the right position, one end of the rope is tied to the acting point of the pulling branch, generally to the middle lower part of the branches, the branch binding position is close to the base part as much as possible (the rope is fixed to the middle part or the front end of the branch, the front end of the branch is easy to droop due to the fact that the branch is arched), the position is about 30cm away from the base part of the branch, and the other end of the branch is fixed on a steel wire of the shed frame.
The trunk of the double-arm forward type shed frame pear tree is 1.2-1.3 m high, no central trunk, 2 main branches extend forwards and leftwards and rightwards, so the double-arm forward type shed frame pear tree is called as a shed frame tree form. Two main branches extend to the frame surface at an angle of 45 degrees after being branched from the main trunk, and the vertical distance between a branch point and the flat shed is about 50 cm. After the main branches are put on the shelf, single-shaft fruiting branch groups are directly and uniformly grown on the main branches and vertically extend to the space between rows to fill the space of the shelf surface. 9-10 single-axis fruiting branch groups are grown in each main branch, and the distance between single sides is about 40 cm. The two-arm forward-walking trellis pear trees are arranged on a flat net frame with the height of 1.8m and the steel wire lines of 50cm × 50cm.
Claims (3)
1. A novel method for pulling branches of shed frame pear trees in summer is characterized by comprising a high-frequency small-amplitude shaking branch pulling method, a branch pulling range, a branch pulling object, branch pulling time, a branch pulling angle and branch binding fixation;
the branch pulling method of high-frequency small-amplitude jitter comprises the following steps: the base of the branch is tightly held by one hand, the middle lower part of the branch, namely the higher the lignification degree of the branch, is pressed by the other hand by four fingers, the more the stress point of the pressing branch moves upwards, the south or north of the pear tree planted in the forward direction, namely the south or north direction, the high-frequency small-amplitude upward and downward shaking is carried out until the branch is close to the horizontal state, and then the branch is horizontally shaken to the required direction by the high-frequency small-amplitude;
in the whole branch pulling process, two hands are matched, the hand holding the base of the branch is not relaxed, the branch softening process is felt, and when the branch has a fracture sign, the other hand reduces the force and the shaking amplitude to prevent the branch from being fractured;
the high-frequency small amplitude jitter is as follows: 180-200 times per minute, 3 times per second or more;
shaking for 2 seconds, wherein the branches are shaken up and down for 3-4 groups generally for about 3-4 seconds; level 2-3 groups, completed in about 2-3 seconds, and completed in 5-7 seconds for branch pulling;
in the branch pulling range of the high-frequency small-amplitude shaking branch pulling method, branches are selected to be pulled within half of the length of the main branch of the shed frame pear tree and within 30cm of the fruiting branch group in a double-arm forward-moving manner, and the rest branches are not pulled;
the branch pulling object of the high-frequency small-amplitude jitter branch pulling method comprises the following steps: selecting bearing branches needing to be put on shelves, strong branches, renewal branches and branch pulling branches for filling empty branches on main branches and bearing branch groups;
the diameter of the branch is generally 0.8-1.0cm, and the length is 80-120cm;
the vigorous branches generally refer to upright branches with concentrated nutrition and vigorous growth on the back, cut or lateral positions at the base of a main branch or a fruiting branch group, the height of the upright branches is obviously higher than that of other branches, and the tips of the branches protrude out of a 'sharp branch' of a tree crown leaf curtain layer;
the branch pulling time of the high-frequency small-amplitude shaking branch pulling method is before and after the growth of a new shoot, the branch pulling time takes the thickness and the length of a branch and the color of the base of the branch as indexes, and the branch can be pulled no matter whether the branch is stopped or not when the diameter and the length of the base of a main branch or a fruiting branch group are 0.8-1.0cm and 80-120cm respectively, the branch is pulled when the standard is met, the branch is preferably green and brown, the branch is earlier when the branch is green, and the branch is later when the branch is brown or dark brown;
the branch pulling adopts a batch branch pulling mode, the convex branch at the base part is pulled early, the branch at the tip is pulled late or not, the convex branch is pulled in each time, and the whole garden is stroked for 2-3 times to complete the branch pulling;
the branch pulling angle of the high-frequency small-amplitude jitter branch pulling method is as follows: the angle of the base part is relatively flat, the middle part is oblique, and the tip is slightly upright;
the common base branches and the rack surface of the shed are about 15 degrees, the middle branches and the rack surface are about 30 degrees, and the front branches are not pulled in summer and are upright;
the high-frequency small-amplitude shaking branch pulling method is used for binding and fixing: after the branch is pulled to the right position, one end of the rope is tied to the acting point of the pulling branch, generally at the middle lower part of the branch, the branch binding position is as close to the base as possible (the rope is fixed at the middle part or the front end of the branch, the front end of the branch is easy to droop due to the fact that the branch is arched), the position is about 30cm away from the base of the branch, and the other end of the branch is fixed on a steel wire of a shed frame.
2. The method of claim 1,
the branch pulling method of high-frequency small-amplitude jitter is as follows: the base of the branch is tightly held by one hand, the middle lower part of the branch is pressed by the other hand with four fingers, if the lignification degree of the branch is higher, the stress point of the pressing branch moves upwards, the pear trees planted in the forward direction, namely the south-north direction, move south or north quickly and shake up and down until the branch is close to the horizontal state, and then the branch can be rotated and shaken horizontally to the required direction; in the whole branch pulling process, two hands are matched, the hand holding the base of the branch is not loosened, the branch softening process is felt, and when the branch has a fracture sign, the other hand reduces the force and the elastic pressing amplitude to prevent the branch from being fractured;
the branch pulling range of the high-frequency small-amplitude shaking branch pulling method is selected to pull branches within half of the length of the main branch of the shed frame pear tree and within 30cm of the fruiting branch group, and the rest branches can not be pulled, so that labor is saved, and the growth of the branch at the front end of the main branch is facilitated; the pear trees are planted in the south-north direction, the length of a main branch is 2m, the branch pulling range of the pear trees is mainly in a funnel-shaped area, the branch points of the main branch are used as the center, the south-north direction is 2m, the east-west direction is 0.6m, and branches outside the range are not pulled except for the proper branch pulling of the branches with particularly vigorous growth;
the branch pulling object of the high-frequency small-amplitude shaking branch pulling method selects the bearing branches needing to be put on shelves and the strong branches, the renewal branches and the empty branch filling branch pulling branches on the main branch and the bearing branch group; the diameter of the branch is generally 0.8-1.5cm, and the length is more than 80-160 cm; the vigorous branches generally refer to upright branches with concentrated nutrition and vigorous growth on the back, cut or lateral positions at the base of a main branch or a fruiting branch group, the height of the upright branches is obviously higher than that of other branches, and the tips of the branches protrude out of a 'sharp branch' of a tree crown leaf curtain layer;
the branch pulling time of the high-frequency small-amplitude jitter branch pulling method is preferably before and after the growth of the young shoots is stopped in principle; the branch pulling is carried out in batches, a sharp branch at the base part is pulled early, and a branch at the front end is pulled late or not pulled; each time a relatively vigorous 'sharp branch' is pulled in an important way; when the diameter of the base branch of the main branch or the fruiting branch group is more than 8mm and the length is more than 80cm, the branch can be pulled no matter whether the branch is stopped to be long or not;
the trunk of the double-arm forward type shed frame pear tree is 1.2-1.3 m high, no central trunk is provided, 2 main branches extend left and right in a forward direction, and therefore the double-arm forward type shed frame pear tree is called as a shed frame tree form; two main branches extend to the frame surface at an angle of 45 degrees after the main branches are branched, and the vertical distance between the branch points and the flat shed is about 50 cm; after the main branches are put on the shelf, single-shaft bearing branch groups are directly and uniformly grown on the main branches and vertically extend to the space between the rows to fill the space of the shelf surface; 9-10 single-axis fruiting branch groups are shared by each main branch, and the distance between single sides is about 40 cm; the two-arm forward-walking trellis pear trees are arranged on a flat net frame with the height of 1.8m and the steel wire lines of 50cm × 50cm.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the trellis pear trees planted in the north-south direction and having 2m long main branches are planted in the straight-ahead double-arm manner, the branch pulling range is mainly in a funnel-shaped area, the branch points of the main branches are taken as centers, the distance between the south and north directions is 2m, the distance between the east and west directions is 0.6m, and branches outside the range are not pulled except for the branches with particularly vigorous growth which are properly pulled.
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