CN115821953A - Ecological slope protection structure and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Ecological slope protection structure and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115821953A CN115821953A CN202211681984.5A CN202211681984A CN115821953A CN 115821953 A CN115821953 A CN 115821953A CN 202211681984 A CN202211681984 A CN 202211681984A CN 115821953 A CN115821953 A CN 115821953A
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- 235000007769 Vetiveria zizanioides Nutrition 0.000 claims description 30
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ecological slope protection structure and a construction method thereof, wherein the ecological slope protection structure comprises two main drainage guide grooves which are longitudinally arranged along a slope surface of a side slope, and a plurality of secondary drainage guide grooves which are arranged in a staggered step manner are arranged between the two main drainage guide grooves along the slope surface of the side slope, so that a lattice network drainage mechanism is formed between the two main drainage guide grooves; each lattice is provided with a soil fixing unit; the surface of the soil fixing unit is higher than the corresponding secondary drainage groove by a certain height, and the tail end of the secondary drainage groove is higher than the corresponding main drainage groove by a certain height, so that the surface of the soil fixing unit can conveniently flow through the secondary drainage groove and then is drained into the main drainage groove. This ecological slope protection structure has good solid soil effect, can effectively reduce the rainfall simultaneously to the direct impact on bare soil slope, increases the initial start-up velocity of flow of mud-rock, and the reinforcing slope body is stable, avoids the soft material in the slope body to be washed away under the effect of rainfall and progressively forms the mud-rock flow.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of water and soil loss and slope management engineering, and particularly relates to an ecological slope protection structure and a construction method thereof.
Background
Debris flow is a common natural disaster and has the characteristics of paroxysmal and fulminant. After extreme rainfall or long-term rainfall, the soil body pores reach a supersaturated state after absorbing water, the pressure between the pores is increased, the structural property of the soil is weakened, the impact resistance and the skid resistance are reduced, loose substances of a slope body and a slope toe form a channel under the water flow scouring formed by the confluence of the slope surface, the channel is continuously enlarged and widened, and the soil body and the rock lumps are wrapped and carried to form a debris flow. The large-scale debris flow can cause a large amount of silt to flow into a river channel, extrude the river channel to force the river to change the channel, even form a barrier lake, and endanger the life and property safety of people.
At present, the control measures of the debris flow can be divided into various measures such as soil fixation, slag removal, drainage and the like from the prevention and control method for preventing the debris flow. The soil is usually fixed by traditional vegetation or geotextiles, so that the direct scouring of rainfall on the exposed soil body is reduced, and the starting flow rate of the soil body is improved; the large-scale deposit is manually cleaned through slag removal, so that the material source of the debris flow is reduced, and the purpose of preventing the debris flow is further achieved; the guide drainage is characterized in that a guide drainage groove network is constructed to collect slope runoff and reduce the erosion of the slope runoff on bare land, and usually, guide drainage grooves need to be matched with soil mass intercepting buildings such as a blocking dam, a grid dam or a silt stopping field. For the traditional vegetation soil fixing means, vegetation is usually required to be planted on scattered soil, and in the traditional tree transplanting, the vegetation root system is recovered slowly, so that a good soil fixing effect is difficult to achieve.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide an ecological slope protection structure and a construction method, the ecological slope protection structure has a good soil fixation effect, and can effectively reduce the direct impact of rainfall on bare slope soil, increase the initial starting flow rate of debris flow, enhance the stability of a slope body, and prevent soft substances in the slope body from being washed under the action of rainfall to gradually form the debris flow
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
an ecological slope protection structure comprises two main drainage guide grooves which are longitudinally arranged along a slope surface of a side slope, wherein a plurality of secondary drainage guide grooves which are arranged in a staggered step type are arranged between the two main drainage guide grooves along the slope surface of the side slope, so that a lattice type network drainage mechanism is formed between the two main drainage guide grooves; each lattice is provided with a soil fixing unit; the surface of the soil fixing unit is higher than the corresponding secondary drainage groove by a certain height, and the tail end of the secondary drainage groove is higher than the corresponding main drainage groove by a certain height, so that the surface of the soil fixing unit can conveniently flow through the secondary drainage groove and then is drained into the main drainage groove.
Furthermore, the soil fixing unit comprises a plurality of rows of shrubs and a plurality of vetiver grass, all rows of shrubs are longitudinally arranged along the slope surface of the side slope, each row of shrubs comprises a plurality of bushes, each bush is longitudinally arranged along the slope surface of the side slope, all bushes are transversely arranged at intervals along the slope surface of the side slope, and two adjacent rows of shrubs are staggered; all vetiver grass is evenly planted between shrubs and in corresponding lattices on the outer sides of the shrubs.
Further, the shrub is willow.
Furthermore, a plurality of WES weirs are arranged in the main drainage groove, all the WES weirs are longitudinally arranged along the main drainage groove at intervals, and the tail end of each secondary drainage groove is positioned at the upstream of the corresponding WES weir.
The invention also provides a construction method of the ecological slope protection structure, which specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Excavating main drainage guide grooves longitudinally along the slope surface of the side slope on two sides of the side slope body;
(2) Excavating a plurality of secondary drainage grooves between the two main drainage grooves, so that all the secondary drainage grooves form a lattice network drainage mechanism between the two main drainage grooves, and the tail end of each secondary drainage groove is higher than the corresponding main drainage groove by a certain height;
(3) Arranging a plurality of rows of wickers in each lattice, wherein all the rows of wickers are longitudinally arranged along the slope surface of the side slope, each row of wickers comprises a plurality of wickers, each wicker is longitudinally arranged along the slope surface of the side slope, all the wickers on each row are transversely arranged at intervals along the slope surface of the side slope, and the wickers in two adjacent rows are staggered, and then arranging pressing pieces at two ends of each wicker so as to press and bury two ends of each wicker in soil;
(4) Vetiver grass is uniformly planted among the wickers and in the corresponding lattices on the outer sides of the wickers.
Furthermore, the pressing piece is a cross beam which is transversely arranged along the slope surface of the side slope, and two adjacent rows of wickers share the same cross beam.
Further, along the slope surface of the side slope, the distance between two adjacent crossbars is 0.8 to 1.0 m.
Furthermore, along the slope surface of the side slope, the distance between two adjacent wickers on each row of wickers is 0.2 to 0.3 m.
Furthermore, the willow twigs and the vetiver grass are planted in the winter in the rainless period.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention utilizes the soil fixation technology of plant root systems, adopts willow and vetiver as soil fixation plants, and the willow and the vetiver are cold-resistant and moisture-resistant and can live in arid areas with barren soil layers. The invention fully utilizes the characteristics of strong sprouting capability, developed root system and rapid growth of two types of plants, ensures good root system and soil fixing capability when the primary planting plants grow, is an excellent slope soil fixing material, and has the advantages of high reseeding and growth speed and low maintenance cost.
2. The invention utilizes the growth difference of willow and vetiver, protects the soil body by vetiver which can reach full root system in a short time, forms a layered ecological structure of shrub-meadow by matching with willow which grows for a long time, and can realize long-term protection of potential accumulation bodies.
3. The runoff drainage system adopts two-stage drainage, wherein the main drainage guide groove comprises a flow guide energy dissipation system and a silt stopping system, the silt stopping system is fully utilized to realize particle separation and deposition in the drainage guide groove, and the smoothness of the drainage guide groove and the convenience of cleaning a subsequent silt stopping area are conveniently ensured.
Drawings
Fig. 1-schematic structural view of the present invention.
Fig. 2-the structure of the drainage groove and the soil fixing unit during construction.
Fig. 3-side view of the main row channel.
Wherein: 1-a main row guide groove; 2-secondary drainage groove; 3-a soil fixation unit; 31-wicker; 32-vetiver grass; 33-crossbar.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, an ecological slope protection structure comprises main drainage channels 1, wherein the main drainage channels 1 are longitudinally arranged along a slope surface of a side slope, two main drainage channels 1 are respectively arranged at two sides of the slope body, and a plurality of secondary drainage channels 2 which are arranged in a staggered step manner are arranged between the two main drainage channels 1 along the slope surface of the side slope, so that a lattice network drainage mechanism is formed between the two main drainage channels 1; each lattice is provided with a soil fixing unit 3; the surface of the soil fixing unit is higher than the corresponding secondary drainage groove by a certain height, and the tail end of the secondary drainage groove is higher than the corresponding main drainage groove by a certain height, so that the surface of the soil fixing unit can conveniently flow through the secondary drainage groove to be discharged into the main drainage groove and then is discharged into a river.
Therefore, the soil fixing unit is used for fixing the soil of the corresponding lattice structure, so that direct scouring of the exposed soil body by rainfall is reduced, the starting flow velocity of the soil body is improved, and landslide disasters are reduced or even avoided. Meanwhile, the runoff on the surface of the soil fixing unit can smoothly flow into the secondary drainage groove and then flow into the main drainage groove along the secondary drainage groove, and finally flows into a river, so that the runoff on the surface is quickly drained away, excessive water is prevented from entering soil body pores during rainfall to form softened saturated soil, the stability of a slope body is ensured, and the influence of extreme rainfall disasters such as debris flow disasters or torrential floods is reduced.
In specific implementation, the soil fixing unit 3 comprises a plurality of rows of shrubs and a plurality of vetiver plants 32, all the rows of shrubs are longitudinally arranged along the slope surface of the side slope, each row of shrubs comprises a plurality of bushes, each bush is longitudinally arranged along the slope surface of the side slope, all the bushes are transversely arranged at intervals along the slope surface of the side slope, and two adjacent rows of shrubs are staggered; all vetiver grass 32 is evenly planted between the shrubs and in the corresponding lattice outside the shrubs.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram in a construction state, the guide and drainage groove at the periphery of the soil fixing unit may be formed by a main drainage groove and a secondary drainage groove, or may be formed by all the secondary drainage grooves, and as shown in fig. 1, the formed lattice structure is not necessarily regular trilateral, quadrilateral or pentagon.
The shrub can effectively reduce direct scouring of rainfall on the soil body of the side slope, the root system of the vetiver grass can achieve a good soil fixing effect, the shrub and the vetiver grass form a layered ecological structure of a shrub-meadow, the shrub can achieve a good soil fixing effect on the soil body of the side slope, and long-term protection of potential accumulation bodies above the side slope is facilitated.
Meanwhile, the shrubs in the row can be in a row or multiple rows according to the size of the lattice, and the number of the shrubs in each row is determined according to the actual situation.
In specific implementation, the shrub is willow.
Willow and vetiver have the characteristics of strong germination capacity, rapid growth and developed root systems, have good soil fixing effect, and can save maintenance cost and repair cost due to higher maintenance cost of vetiver compared with the soil fixing method only by adopting vetiver, and the developed root systems are used for fixing soil while the direct scouring of the slope body of the side slope can be reduced by pruning willow into shrubs.
In specific implementation, referring to fig. 3, a plurality of WES weirs are arranged in the main drainage groove 1, all the WES weirs are longitudinally arranged along the main drainage groove 1 at intervals, and the end of each secondary drainage groove is located at the upstream of the corresponding WES weir.
Here, the main drainage guide groove adopts WES for sectional drainage, and the whole main drainage guide groove adopts a step-type arrangement, as shown in fig. 3, after rainfall begins, runoff carrying silt and block stones at the most upstream is blocked by a first-stage WES weir, and the large block stones and the silt cannot cross the first-stage WES weir to stop silt. After runoff in the silt area is fully collected to generate overflow, the part of overflow can be converged with runoff which is discharged from the last-stage drainage groove at the middle and downstream positions and carries silt and rock blocks again, and then is blocked by the WES weir at the next stage. After stopping the silt many times, arrange unobstructed obtaining of guide slot and obtain guaranteeing of silt region clearance is stopped in the follow-up also more convenient.
In this embodiment, the WES weir and the main drainage channel are integrally cast and formed by concrete.
A construction method of ecological slope protection specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Excavating a main drainage guide groove 1 longitudinally along the slope surface of the side slope at two sides of the side slope body;
(2) Excavating a plurality of secondary drainage grooves 2 between the two main drainage grooves 1, so that all the secondary drainage grooves 2 form a lattice network drainage mechanism between the two main drainage grooves 1, and the tail end of each secondary drainage groove 2 is higher than the corresponding main drainage groove 1 by a certain height;
(3) Arranging a plurality of rows of wickers 31 in each lattice, wherein all the rows of wickers 31 are longitudinally arranged along the slope surface of the side slope, each row of wickers comprises a plurality of wickers 31, each wicker 31 is longitudinally arranged along the slope surface of the side slope, all the wickers 31 in each row are transversely arranged along the slope surface of the side slope at intervals, two adjacent rows of wickers 31 are staggered, and then pressing pieces are arranged at two ends of each wicker 31 to press and bury two ends of the wickers in soil;
(4) Vetiver grass 32 is uniformly planted among the wickers 31 and in the corresponding lattices on the outer sides of the wickers 31.
In specific implementation, the pressing piece is a crossbar 33, the crossbar 33 is transversely arranged along the slope surface of the side slope, and two adjacent rows of wickers share the same crossbar 33.
The layering method is adopted to plant the wickers, so that creeping stems can be formed by the wickers, and shrubs can be formed by pruning. When the wickers are planted on a dry slope by a layering method, the wickers can be completely buried in wet soil so as to improve the survival rate of the wickers. The wickers are pressed by the crossbars, so that the construction efficiency is improved, and loose side slope soil can be compacted before vetiver grass and the wickers sprout, so that a certain soil fixing effect is achieved. In order to reduce the number of crossbars and further improve the construction efficiency, the crossbars are pressed in the middle of the lattice, as shown in figure 2, the method can improve the construction efficiency and simultaneously cannot influence the soil fixing effect, because the root system of the willow grows radially outwards from the willow planting center in the growth process of the willow, the root system under the ground surface spreads to the periphery and deep part of the ground surface and cooperates with the root system of the vetiver grass planted on the ground surface to realize soil fixing on the shallow layer and the deep layer of the slope body, thereby effectively strengthening the soil fixing effect of the slope body.
In specific implementation, the distance between two adjacent crossbars 33 along the slope surface of the side slope is 0.8 to 1.0 m.
In specific implementation, the distance between two adjacent wickers 31 on each row of wickers 31 is 0.2 to 0.3 m.
In specific implementation, the wicker 31 and the vetiver 32 are planted in the period of no rainfall in winter.
As the willow twigs and the vetiver grass have strong sprouting capability, grow rapidly and have developed root systems, the willow twigs and the vetiver grass can grow into the root systems before the next summer rainy season comes, and the soil fixation effect is generated. In the first year of ecological slope protection, the root system of the vetiver grass can be deeply buried into the soil for 0.8 to 1.0 m, and the root system of the willow can be deeply buried into the soil for more than 1.0 m.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The engineering overview of example 1 is as follows:
the longitudinal length of a slope surface of a side slope in a certain mountain area in the southwest is 32 m, the transverse width of the slope surface of the side slope is gradually increased from top to bottom, the transverse width is 12 to 18 m, the slope surface of the side slope is in a wedge shape, the relative height difference of the front edge and the rear edge of the side slope is 20 to 22 m, and the thickness is 1 to 1.5 m.
The embodiment adopts ecological slope protection structure, and its structure is as shown in fig. 1, and no rainy period is vertically excavated along the landslide in winter main drainage groove 1, and then vertically excavates secondary drainage groove 2 along the domatic face. The width of the main drainage groove is 50cm, the depth of the main drainage groove is 50cm, the height of a WES weir is 50cm, and the length of the WES weir is 10 m. Then the next WES weir is arranged in a stepped mode, and the tail end of the main drainage guide groove is connected into a downstream river, so that the main drainage guide groove is convenient to drain. After the main drainage channel is implemented, the secondary drainage channels 2 are excavated in a staggered manner, as shown in fig. 1. The width of the secondary row of guide grooves is 30cm, the depth of the secondary row of guide grooves is 30cm, and the tail ends of the secondary row of guide grooves are connected into the main row of guide grooves. Two parallel cross bars are transversely arranged between the secondary guide grooves on the slope surface of the side slope, the length of each cross bar is 5-15 m, and the cross bars are nailed in the slope body. In the period of no rainfall in winter, the wickers are planted by a layering method, the length of each wicker is 1m, one wicker is arranged every 0.3 m, and vetiver grass is sowed among the wickers. The secondary drainage groove is slightly lower than the soil fixing units and is connected into the main drainage groove, and radial flows in the soil fixing units are collected by the secondary drainage groove and converge to the main drainage groove.
Willow and vetiver have the characteristics of strong germination capacity, developed root system and rapid growth. After the sowing in spring and before the rainy season in summer comes, the root system of the willow penetrates into the soil by more than 1m, and the slope body in the example can be well fixed. In the stage of rainfall infiltration, the slope body is kept stable due to the strong soil fixation effect. Along with the increase of the rain intensity, when the soil is saturated, the runoff is discharged into the secondary drainage guide groove from two sides of the soil fixing unit and then flows into the main drainage guide groove, sludge and rock blocks mixed in the runoff are deposited behind the WES weir, the runoff is smoothly discharged from the upstream to flow downwards, and the whole slope is stable.
The engineering profiles for comparative example 1 and example 2 are as follows:
the longitudinal length of a slope body in a certain mountain area in the southwest is 27 m, the transverse width is 10-12 m, the soil quality of the slope body is soft, once landslide is formed, and the relative height difference of the front edge and the rear edge of the slope body is 11 m.
For the above-described engineering, an experimental study of the stability of the slope was carried out at this slope according to comparative example 1 and example 2.
Comparative example 1
And the main drainage guide groove 1 is excavated along the longitudinal direction of the slope surface of the side slope, and the secondary drainage guide groove 2 is excavated along the longitudinal direction of the slope surface. The main drainage groove 1 is 50cm wide, 50cm deep, 50cm WES weir height and 7m long. Then the next WES weir is arranged in a stepped mode, and the tail end of the main drainage guide groove is connected into a downstream river, so that the main drainage guide groove is convenient to drain. And after the main guide groove is implemented, the secondary guide grooves 2 are excavated in a staggered mode. The width of the secondary row guide groove is 30cm, the depth of the secondary row guide groove is 30cm, the tail end of the secondary row guide groove is connected into the main row guide groove, and a soil fixing unit is not arranged.
Experimental observation results: in 2021, 7, 12-18, the accumulated rainfall is 3.2 mm, which is the surface runoff is not generated temporarily in the rainfall infiltration stage. The accumulated rainfall reaches 19.7mm from 19 to 22 days in 12 days, the two stages of drainage grooves begin to drain a large amount of water, and the slope body in the lattice structure has a tendency of forming debris flow. When the rainfall is reduced from 0 day 13 to 3 days 13, the rainfall intensity is reduced, the accumulated rainfall is 1.1mm, a small amount of water is drained by a drainage system, and the debris flow is developing. Then the rainfall intensity is suddenly increased, the accumulated rainfall reaches 27.9mm between 13 days 5 and 13 days 7, and finally the debris flow is burst along with the slippage of a plurality of places of the slope body under the action of strong rainfall.
Example 2
On the basis of comparative example 1, in 2021 winter, a soil fixing unit is arranged in each lattice, two parallel cross bars are transversely arranged between secondary guide grooves on the slope surface of the slope body, the length of each cross bar is 3-12 m, and the cross bars are nailed in the slope body. As the soil of the slope is particularly soft, the planting density of the wickers and the vetiver grass is considered to be increased. The length of the wicker is 0.8 m, the wicker is planted by a layering method, one wicker is arranged every 0.2 m, and vetiver grass is densely sown among the wickers.
Experimental observation results: surface runoff is not generated temporarily when the slope absorbs water when the accumulated rainfall is 4.4 mm at 12-17 12 hours at 7 and 19 days at 2022. The accumulated rainfall reaches 29.7 mm from 18 hours to 22 hours in 19 days, the two stages of drainage grooves begin to drain, and the slope in the structural unit is stable. The rainfall begins to decrease at 23 days 19 to 1 day 20, the accumulated rainfall is 1.5 mm, the drainage system drains stably, and the slope is stable. Then the rainfall intensity is suddenly increased, the accumulated rainfall reaches 44.8 mm between 20 days 2 and 20 days 5, the slope body absorbs water and is saturated, a large amount of surface runoff is drained by an excretion system, the slope body is integrally stable under the soil fixation effect of the plant root system, and no landslide is formed.
Finally, it should be noted that the above-mentioned examples of the present invention are only examples for illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Variations and modifications in other variations will occur to those skilled in the art upon reading the foregoing description. Not all embodiments are exhaustive. All obvious changes and modifications of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. An ecological slope protection structure is characterized by comprising two main row guide grooves which are longitudinally arranged along a slope surface of a side slope, wherein a plurality of secondary row guide grooves which are arranged in a staggered step manner are arranged between the two main row guide grooves along the slope surface of the side slope, so that a lattice network drainage mechanism is formed between the two main row guide grooves; each lattice is provided with a soil fixing unit; the surface of the soil fixing unit is higher than the corresponding secondary drainage groove by a certain height, and the tail end of the secondary drainage groove is higher than the corresponding main drainage groove by a certain height, so that the surface of the soil fixing unit can conveniently flow through the secondary drainage groove and then is drained into the main drainage groove.
2. The ecological slope protection structure of claim 1, wherein the soil fixing unit comprises a plurality of rows of shrubs and a plurality of vetiver grass, all the rows of shrubs are arranged along the longitudinal direction of the slope surface of the side slope, each row of shrubs comprises a plurality of shrubs, each shrub is arranged along the longitudinal direction of the slope surface of the side slope, all the shrubs are transversely arranged along the slope surface of the side slope at intervals, and two adjacent rows of shrubs are staggered; all vetiver grass is evenly planted between shrubs and in corresponding lattices on the outer sides of the shrubs.
3. The ecological slope protection structure of claim 2, wherein the shrub is willow.
4. The ecological slope protection structure of claim 1, wherein a plurality of WES weirs are arranged in the main drainage groove, all the WES weirs are longitudinally arranged along the main drainage groove at intervals, and the end of each secondary drainage groove is located at the upstream of the corresponding WES weir.
5. The construction method of the ecological slope protection structure is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Excavating main drainage guide grooves longitudinally along the slope surface of the side slope on two sides of the side slope body;
(2) Excavating a plurality of secondary drainage grooves between the two main drainage grooves, so that all the secondary drainage grooves form a lattice network drainage mechanism between the two main drainage grooves, and the tail end of each secondary drainage groove is higher than the corresponding main drainage groove by a certain height;
(3) Arranging a plurality of rows of wickers in each lattice, wherein all the rows of wickers are longitudinally arranged along the slope surface of the side slope, each row of wickers comprises a plurality of wickers, each wicker is longitudinally arranged along the slope surface of the side slope, all the wickers on each row are transversely arranged at intervals along the slope surface of the side slope, and the wickers in two adjacent rows are staggered, and then arranging pressing pieces at two ends of each wicker so as to press and bury two ends of each wicker in soil;
(4) Vetiver grass is uniformly planted among the wickers and in the corresponding lattices on the outer sides of the wickers.
6. The construction method of an ecological slope protection structure according to claim 5, wherein the pressing members are cross bars, the cross bars are transversely arranged along the slope surface of the side slope, and two adjacent rows of wickers share the same cross bar.
7. The construction method of the ecological slope protection structure, according to claim 6, is characterized in that along the slope surface of the side slope, the distance between two adjacent crossbars is 0.8 to 1.0 m.
8. The construction method of the ecological slope protection structure, according to claim 5, is characterized in that along the slope surface of the side slope, the distance between two adjacent wickers on each row of wickers is 0.2 to 0.3 m.
9. The construction method of an ecological slope protection structure, according to claim 5, wherein the wicker and the vetiver grass are planted in the winter non-rainfall period.
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