CN115804338A - Sea island cotton breeding method - Google Patents
Sea island cotton breeding method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for breeding sea island cotton. The method selects 25-45 breeding combinations, each combination specifically comprises the steps of hybridization and parent selection, low-generation material stabilization and screening, plant row and strain selection, strain comparison test and the like, specifically, 1 female parent and 1 male parent are firstly hybridized, then an excellent single plant of a progeny is selected as a female parent, then a 2 nd multiple male parent hybridization is carried out with a male parent with typical excellent quality indexes, single plants and diseased plants with poor yield and character performance in a filial generation F2-F4 population are eliminated, other single plants are mixed and harvested, next generation planting is carried out, the selection of the single plant → plant row → strain is carried out from the F5 generation, the parents and the progeny are selected according to quantitative indexes, and the intersubparent characters have complementarity, so that the high-efficiency expected goal of the island cotton breeding is achieved after years of demonstration and application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of cotton breeding, and particularly relates to a sea island cotton breeding method.
Background
Although the sea island cotton (gossypium barbadensis linn) fiber has the characteristics of length, fineness and strength, is an indispensable raw material of high-grade cotton textiles, and has higher industrial development value, the natural ecological conditions, particularly the special requirements on light, heat and humidity of the sea island cotton cause that the area for planting the sea island cotton in the whole world is less in reality. Because the total yield of the island cotton is not 1 percent of the land cotton (Gossypium hirsutum Linn.) all over the world at present. The cotton is usually called upland cotton, and upland cotton and sea island cotton belong to two different cotton cultivars respectively if no special designation is given.
According to official statistical data, xinjiang island cotton breeding started in the 50 s, at that time, due to the fact that few available improved parent materials, particularly specific materials, and few materials with excellent comprehensive agronomic characters and strong blight resistance are available, and the influence of upland cotton, particularly upland cotton agronomic character indexes and hybridization method selection on the island cotton breeding method, the blindness of breeding work is obvious, the efficiency is low, and even most of the bred island cotton varieties cannot be applied in large area in production due to poor comprehensive agronomic characters.
With the continuous and deep breeding work of Xinjiang island cotton, and the introduction of a large amount of resource materials from foreign countries, particularly the origins of island cotton and other main production areas of island cotton in the world, such as Egypt, america, brazil, kazakhstan and other countries in recent years, many excellent intermediate materials are created by combining with germplasm resource innovation in the breeding process.
Because the breeding and large-area planting of upland cotton are carried out in the world for a long time, and the investment of manpower and material resources is large, the breeding value of the conventional upland cotton parent resources can be fully excavated, biological breeding and even molecular design breeding become conventional means for modernized upland cotton breeding, however, the breeding of the island cotton has a situation that the breeding level of the upland cotton is obviously higher than that of the island cotton due to the short large-area planting time, the planting area is obviously less than that of the upland cotton, the investment in the breeding of the island cotton is less, and the resource value of the conventional island cotton is obviously not fully excavated, and the breeding quantitative index selection and hybridization methods of the island cotton and the upland cotton are obviously different due to the obvious difference between the growth and development of the upland cotton and the agronomic characters and the island cotton.
In order to develop breeding work more efficiently and with high quality, the conventional breeding achievement including the utilization of excellent parents and the combing of the efficient breeding method for the island cotton is very necessary, but the work is not performed systematically in order at present, so that the value of the conventional excellent parent materials cannot be fully excavated, and the breeding efficiency of the island cotton in Xinjiang is seriously influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a sea island cotton breeding method, aiming at the breeding characteristics of Xinjiang sea island cotton, by quantitative selection of key indexes of excellent parent materials of the sea island cotton, multi-male-parent hybridization, methods of 'single plant mixed harvesting and mixed planting of low-generation materials, majority reservation and minority elimination' and the like, the blindness of the sea island cotton breeding is effectively reduced, the excellent characters and gene polymerization of different parent materials are ensured, the new achievements of the existing breeding are fully utilized, the breeding success rate is improved, and the breakthrough of the Xinjiang sea island cotton breeding is realized.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for breeding gossypium barbadense, comprising the steps of:
s1, selecting 25-45 breeding combinations, performing first hybridization on 1 female parent and 1 male parent in each combination, enabling fiber quality indexes and yields of the female parent and the male parent in each combination to be complementary, and separately harvesting normal boll opening bolls of the first hybridization to obtain seeds used in F1 generation seeding; planting F1 generation, selecting excellent single plants in F1 generation population as female parents, and carrying out multi-male-parent hybridization with a plurality of male parents with complementarity among fiber quality characters to obtain seeds used in F2 generation sowing; planting F2 generation, finally eliminating single plants and diseased plants with poor yield and character performance, and after other single plants are combined and mixed, obtaining seeds used for F3 generation sowing; planting F3 generation, finally eliminating single plants and diseased plants with poor yield and character performance, and after other single plants are combined and mixed, obtaining seeds used for F4 generation sowing; planting F4 generation, eliminating single plants and diseased plants with poor yield and character performance, and combining and mixing other single plants to obtain seeds for F5 generation sowing; from the F5 generation, the seeds for F6 generation sowing, the seeds for F7 generation sowing and the seeds for F8 generation sowing are obtained by screening the single plants, the plant rows and the strains in sequence, and the seeds for F8 generation sowing are planted for strain comparison tests to obtain the seeds of the sea island cotton with the breeding target.
The seed cotton yield of the female parent used for the first hybridization of the sea island cotton breeding method is stabilized at 320-370 kg/mu throughout the year, and the fiber quality target character indexes are as follows: the indexes of the average length, the breaking ratio strength, the micronaire value and the regularity index of the upper half part are 2-3 indexes which reach the standard, the indexes of the average length, the breaking ratio strength, the micronaire value and the regularity index of the upper half part are 36.1-38.1mm, 43.5-46.9cN/tex, 4.1-4.4 and 88.1-89.2 percent respectively, and the lower limit values of the quality indexes of the average length, the breaking ratio strength and the regularity index of the upper half part which do not reach the standard are 35.0mm, 41.9cN/tex and 87.4 percent respectively; the upper limit value of the micronaire value substandard quality index is 4.5;
the yield of the male parent seed cotton used for the first hybridization is stabilized at 290-330 kg/mu throughout the year, the height of the bell fruit node at the bottom is 16-20cm, 3-4 of 4 indexes of the upper half average length, the breaking ratio strength, the micronaire value and the uniformity index of the male parent fiber quality index reach the standard, the standard indexes of the upper half average length, the breaking ratio strength, the micronaire value and the uniformity index reach the standard respectively at 36.5-40.1mm, 44.8-48.2cN/tex, 4.0-4.3 and 88.7-90.5%, and the lower limit values of the quality index of the upper half average length, the breaking ratio strength and the uniformity index do not reach the standard respectively at 35.3mm, 42.1cN/tex and 87.5%; the upper limit value of the quality index of the micronaire value which does not reach the standard is 4.5.
The method for breeding the sea island cotton comprises the steps of planting the F1 generation, planting the plant in a row garden, selecting 3-5 different male parents from the plant, mixing and collecting pollen for pollination, realizing the 2 nd hybridization, and then mixing and collecting normal boll opening hybrid bolls of the cotton till the maturation period of the cotton to obtain seeds for F2 generation sowing;
selection criteria for superior individuals in the F1 generation population: the seeds come from boll opening bolls with the boll weight of 3.3-3.7g and the coat weight of 33-36% harvested in the first hybridization process, and have 13.8-16.1 main stem fruit nodes, 3.2-4.7 average bottom boll nodes and 12.6-15.5 single plant bolls in the F1 generation planting process; the seeds of the plurality of male parents are derived from plants having the following criteria: the yield of seed cotton is stabilized at 380-450 kg/mu throughout the year, 1-2 indexes of 4 indexes of fiber quality index, such as the average length of the upper half part, the breaking ratio strength, the micronaire value and the uniformity index reach the standard, the indexes of the average length of the upper half part, the breaking ratio strength, the micronaire value and the uniformity index reach the standard values of 37.9-41.3mm, 46.7-50.2cN/tex, 3.9-4.2 and 89.1-91.5 percent respectively, and the indexes of the average length of the upper half part, the breaking ratio strength and the uniformity index do not reach the lower limit values of the quality index reach 36.0mm, 41.9cN/tex and 87.4 percent respectively; the upper limit value of the micronaire value not meeting the quality index is 4.3.
The method for breeding the sea island cotton comprises the step of planting seeds obtained in the current year and used for F2 generation sowing in the same year into an F2 generation plant nursery in the Hainan area, wherein the planting area of the plant nursery is 20-30m 2 The seeds used for F3 generation sowing are obtained by grouping and mixed harvesting when the seeds are normally mature; the F3 generation is planted in the major producing area of island cotton in Xinjiang, and the F4 generation is planted in Hainan.
The method for breeding the sea island cotton eliminates single plants and diseased plants with poor yield character expression when F2 generation, F3 generation and F4 generation are planted, and the evaluation indexes of the single plants and the diseased plants with poor yield character expression are as follows: the yield of the current generation is lower than that of the F2 generation female parent by more than 10 percent, and the number of the diseased plants and the single plant bolls in the strain garden is only less than 90 percent of the average number of the single plants in the strain garden. And 5-6 bells in the middle of the selected single plants are harvested during mixing.
The method for breeding the sea island cotton comprises the following steps of screening single plants: planting the F5 generation in the main production area of island cotton in Xinjiang, performing comparative observation tests among combinations, and according to the high and low yield, combining indoor seed test, eliminating the combination of poor yield and quality, wherein the combination elimination rate is 65-80%, and screening 5-15 excellent individual plants independently for each selected combination to obtain seeds for F6 generation sowing; the selection criteria for excellent individual plants were: 13.1-15.1 main stem fruit nodes, 3.2-4.5 average bottom bell fruit node positions, 3.2-3.5g bell weight, 33-36 percent of clothes, 11.5-14.1 single plant bolls, and 4 quality indexes of the average length of the upper half part of the single plant boll-mixing fiber, the breaking ratio strength, the micronaire value and the uniformity index are 37.3-39.8mm, 45.3-47.8cN/tex, 3.9-4.4 and 88.8-91.2 respectively.
The sea island cotton breeding method provided by the invention comprises the following plant-row screening processes: planting the F6 generation in island cotton main production area in Xinjiang, performing plant-row comparison test in the field, performing inbreeding of the same plants in full-bloom period, and selecting excellent inbred single plants according to the following standards when blooming: 13-15 main stem fruit nodes, 12-16 single plant bolls, 3-5 bottom boll nodes, 3.0-3.5g bolls and 33-35 parts of clothes; the 4 quality indexes of the average length of the upper half part of the fiber, the breaking ratio strength, the micronaire value and the regularity index are respectively 36-38mm, 44-47cN/tex, 4.1-4.3 and 86-88%; and (4) selecting excellent selfing single plants, and mixing and harvesting according to the combination to obtain seeds for F7 generation sowing.
The method for breeding the sea island cotton comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of simultaneously planting F7 generations in two different plots in a main production area of island cotton in Xinjiang, performing strain comparison tests in a field, discarding the same strain in the two plots, respectively using the selected strain as a discarded strain, using the selected strain as a selected strain, harvesting the selected strain until the selected strain is normally mature, wherein the obtained seeds are seeds used for F8 generations in sowing, the number of main stem and fruit nodes of each plant of the selected strain is 13.3-15.4, the average number of the nodes of the bottom boll is 3.2-4.4, the weight of the boll is 3.2-3.5g, the coat weight is 33-36%, the average number of the bolls of each plant is 10.5-13.5, and the selected strain simultaneously meets the requirements that the average length of the upper half part of fibers, the breaking ratio strength, the micronaire value and the regularity index are respectively 36.5-39.1mm, 44.6-47.4cN/tex, 3.9-4.3 and 88.2-90.5%.
In the method for breeding the sea island cotton, at least one of the male parent and the female parent used in the hybridization is an intermediate material formed by repeated backcross of a stable Xinjiang sea island cotton variety and upland sea weed or at least one intermediate material containing upland cotton genes or formed by hybridization of the Xinjiang sea island cotton variety and American Pima type variety.
In the method for breeding the sea island cotton, flowers bloomed on the 4 th to 10 th fruit branches of a single plant are selected during hybridization, female parent castration, male parent pollen collection and pollination are carried out. Normal day pollen collection and pollination times were chosen to be 11-13 days.
In the invention, in other steps of hybridization and breeding, the selected cotton field in the main production area of island cotton in Xinjiang has better land fertility and heavier and uniform blight; the selected Hainan three-breeding field is positioned in a three-city cliff area, a Jiyang area and peripheral areas thereof, and has high terrain, flat land, good land fertility and good drainage and irrigation conditions; the cotton field cotton planting management for breeding is carried out according to a local high-yield cotton field method.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention selects a plurality of breeding combinations, each combination comprises the steps of hybridization and parent selection, low generation material stabilization and screening, plant row and plant line selection, cotton planting management of cotton fields for breeding and the like, the parents (female parent and male parent) and filial generation thereof are selected according to quantitative indexes, the characteristics of the parents have complementarity, and the expected target of efficient breeding of the island cotton is achieved after years of demonstration application.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be specifically described below by way of examples. It is to be noted that the following examples are given solely for the purpose of illustration and are not to be construed as limitations on the scope of the invention, as one skilled in the art will be able to make certain insubstantial modifications and variations of this invention based on the teachings set forth herein.
Example 1
In 2014-2020, sea-island cotton breeding is carried out at 4 points in a cotton breeding home base in avati county, a cotton comprehensive test base in Yuepu lake county, a test field in Turpan agricultural science research institute and a Hainan three-science and technology demonstration garden of Xinjiang agricultural academy, and the following operation steps are carried out:
a, breeding combined selection: 45 combinations are designed, the female parent is characterized by good yielding ability, the normal annual output is 358-370 kg/mu, the indexes of the standard values of the average length of the upper half part, the breaking ratio strength, the micronaire value and the regularity index are 36.1-38.1mm, 43.5-46.9cN/tex, 4.1-4.4 and 87.6-88.0 respectively; the male parent has high bottom bell fruit node, good fiber quality, normal annual output of 312-330 kg/mu, 16.5-18.0cm of bottom bell fruit node height, 37.5-39.0mm of average length of upper half part, 46.5-48.2cN/tex of breaking specific strength, 4.1-4.2 micronaire value and 88.9-90.5% of uniformity index.
b, the filial generation is preferably: according to the design, carrying out hybridization assembly on cotton breeding home base land of Avati county, agricultural and scientific institute of Sinkiang, and separately harvesting the hybrid bolls to obtain seeds for F1 generation sowing. The F1 generation is planted in a three-technology demonstration garden of Xinjiang Nongkouchi, a planting adult plant is planted in a garden, a elite single plant is selected from F1 generation groups as a female parent, and the female parent is characterized by steady growth and good boll forming property: the number of main stem fruit nodes is 14.1-16.1, the average bottom bell fruit node position is 3.5-4.7, and the number of single plant bolls is 13.6-15.5; and the seeds come from boll opening bolls which are harvested in the first hybridization process and have the weight of 3.4-3.7g and the lint content of 34-36%. Selecting 5 different male parents from the F1, mixing and collecting pollen, and carrying out second hybridization matching, wherein seeds of the 5 different male parents come from plants with the following standards: the normal annual yield of the seed cotton is 390-450 kg/mu, the average length of the upper half part is 38.3-41.3mm, the breaking specific strength is 48.0-50.2cN/tex, the micronaire value is 3.7-4.2, the uniformity index is 88.1-91.5%, and the height of the bottom bell fruit node is 17-19cm; when in hybridization preparation, selecting flowers on the 4 th to 9 th fruit nodes of the cotton plant, and carrying out female parent castration, male parent pollen collection and pollination, wherein the normal weather pollen collection and pollination time is selected from the time of day 11-13. F2 generation is planted in Hainan adult plant line garden in the same year, and the planting area is 30m 2 And after the plants are matured, the plants are mixed and harvested in groups, and 2 combinations with diseased plants are eliminated. Planting the F3 generation in a cotton breeding home base in the Afatti county of Xinjiang academy of agricultural sciences, planting the F4 generation in a three-technology demonstration garden of Xinjiang academy of agricultural sciences, selecting 5-6 bolls from the middle of the selected plant after the F3 generation and the F4 generation are both normal mature, mixing and harvesting the selected bolls, and selecting 1 combination with the yield lower than 10% of the female parent of the F2 generation in the F3 generation and the F4 generation as a eliminating combination; the number of bolls of all the single plants in the other combinations is more than 90 percent of the average number of bolls of the single plants in the plant nursery, and the combination is selected. F5Planting the cotton plants in a cotton breeding base of Averti county of Novarti, xinjiang academy of agricultural sciences to form a plant-row garden, preferably selecting single plants from a field, comprehensively testing seeds and fiber quality, and eliminating advantages and disadvantages according to the standard: the number of the main stem fruit nodes is more than or equal to 14, the number of the single plant bolls is more than or equal to 12, the boll weight is more than or equal to 3.2g, the coat weight is more than or equal to 33%, the average length of the upper half part is more than or equal to 38mm, the breaking specific strength is more than or equal to 45.5cN/tex, the micronaire value is 3.9-4.3, and the uniformity index is more than or equal to 89.0%; the F5 generation finally selects 12 combinations. F6 generation is planted in a cotton comprehensive test base in Yuepu lake county of Nongkechong, xinjiang, plant-row comparison test is carried out in the field, and isogenous selfing is carried out in the full-bloom stage; at boll opening, excellent inbred individuals were selected according to the following criteria: 13-15 main stem fruit nodes, 13-16 single plant bolls, 3.5-5.0 bottom boll nodes, 3.2-3.5g bolls, 33-35 parts of clothes, 36.5-38mm average upper half length, 44.5-46.5cN/tex breaking specific strength, 4.1-4.3 micronaire value and 86-88 uniformity index, and 6 combinations are selected. The seeds used for F7 generation sowing are obtained by combined mixed harvest. Carrying out ecological adaptability tests on F7 generation strains in cotton breeding bases in Avandi county of Xinjiang academy of agricultural sciences and test fields of Turpan agricultural science research institute, wherein the selection standard of each plant is 14.1-15.4 main stem fruit nodes, 3.5-4.4 bottom bell fruit nodes, 3.3-3.5g bell weight, 33-36 clothes, and 11.5-13.5 average bell bearing numbers of each plant; the average length of the upper half part is 37.5-39.1mm, the breaking specific strength is 45.5-47.4cN/tex, the micronaire value is 4.0-4.3, and the regularity index is 88.5-90.5%. 2 strains are selected in a cotton comprehensive test base in Yuepu county of Nongkouchi, xinjiang, 2 strains are eliminated in a test field of Turpan agricultural science research institute, and 1 strain is eliminated at two points. 5 selected strains (F8 generation) are subjected to strain comparison test in a cotton comprehensive test base in Yuepu lake county of Xinjiang rural institute, and finally, excellent strains 'AW 2021 and Xinchang 207' of the growing cotton are bred.
c, the height of the bottom bell nodes of AW2021 is 16.1cm, the average of the bottom bell nodes is 3.6, the number of main stem bell nodes is 14.1, the weight of bell is 3.3g, the weight of clothes is 33.2%, and the number of single plant bell is 13.3; the average length of the upper half part of the steel plate is 38.7mm, the breaking ratio strength is 46.4cN/tex, the micronaire value is 4.2 and the regularity index is 88.9 percent; the average number of the bell nodes at the bottom of the new length 207 is 3.5, the number of the main stem fruit nodes is 14.9, the weight of the bell is 3.4g, the coat weight is 34.1 percent, and the number of the single plant bearing the bell is 12.9; the average length of the upper half part of the steel plate is 38.3mm, the breaking ratio strength is 47.1cN/tex, the micronaire value is 4.0, and the regularity index is 89.7%; currently, the method is participating in related tests of variety approval in the Uygur autonomous region in Xinjiang according to the flow.
d, the management method of the cotton field refers to the local high-yield field in the hybridization breeding process.
Example 2
In 2015-2021, the sea island cotton breeding is carried out at 4 points in a cotton comprehensive test base in Yuepu county of Xinjiang agricultural science institute, a cotton breeding base in Avandi county, a test field in Turpan agricultural science research institute and a three-tech demonstration garden, and the specific operation is carried out according to the following steps:
a, breeding combination selection: 37 combinations are designed, the normal annual yield of the female parent is 341-360 kg/mu, the average length of the upper half part is 36.5-37.5mm, the breaking specific strength is 44.5-46.0cN/tex, the micronaire value is 3.9-4.4, and the regularity index is 87.1-88.5%; the normal annual yield of the male parent is 301-320 kg/mu, the height of the node of the bell fruit at the bottom is 16.0-18.5cm, and the indexes of the average length, the breaking ratio strength, the micronaire value and the uniformity index of the upper half are 37.0-39.0mm, 45.1-47.2cN/tex, 3.7-4.2 and 88.7-90.1 percent respectively.
b, preferably, the filial generation is: according to the design scheme, cotton fields in cotton breeding bases of Avatiti county, xinjiang academy of agricultural sciences are hybridized and prepared, and the hybridized bolls are harvested according to the combination. Breeding F1 generations in a three-science and technology demonstration garden of Xinjiang academy of agricultural sciences, planting into plants and outplanting, preferably selecting a single plant from F1 generation population as a female parent, wherein the average bottom bell node position of the selected female parent is 3.5-4.5, the main stem fruit node number is 14.0-15.5, the single plant boll number is 13.0-15.0, and the seeds are from boll with 3.3-3.6g of boll weight and 33-35% of clothes score harvested in the first hybridization process; selecting 4 different male parents from the F1, carrying out the 2 nd hybridization after mixing and collecting pollen, wherein seeds of the 4 different male parents are derived from plants with the following standards: the height of the bell fruit node at the bottom is 16-19cm, the indexes of the average length, the breaking ratio strength, the micronaire value and the uniformity index of the upper half are respectively 38.1-40.0mm, 45.0-48.0cN/tex, 3.9-4.2 and 89.1-91.0%, and the yield of the seed cotton is 385-410 kg/mu in a normal year; collecting pollen and pollinating on the 5 th to 10 th fruit nodes of the cotton plant. Planting the F2 generation in a three-technology demonstration garden of Xinjiang academy of agricultural sciences in the same year, and mixing and harvesting the F2 generation after the F2 generation is mature, so that 1 combination with the yield being more than 10% lower than that of the F2 generation female parent is eliminated. The F3 generation is planted in a cotton comprehensive test base in Yuepu lake county of Xinjiang rural institute, and 3 combinations with yield less than 10% of the F2 generation female parent, poor disease resistance and late maturity are eliminated according to field performance. The F4 generation is planted in a three-technology demonstration garden of Xinjiang academy of agricultural sciences, the stem strength of plants is investigated in the field, 1 lodging-prone combination is eliminated, 3 combinations with the single plant boll number being less than 90% of the average boll number of the single plant in a plant garden are eliminated, and 29 combinations are selected. In a cotton comprehensive test base of Yuepu lake county of Nongkouchi Xinjiang, 29 combined F5 generations are planted into plant rows, and excellent single plants are selected from field groups according to the following standards: the average number of the nodes of the bolls at the bottom is 3.5 to 4.5, the number of the main stem fruit nodes is 13.5 to 15.0, the number of the single plant bolls is 12.5 to 14.0, the weight of the bolls is 3.3 to 3.5g, and the coating is 33 to 36 percent; the average length of the upper half part is 37.5-39.0mm, the breaking specific strength is 45.5-46.5cN/tex, the micronaire value is 3.9-4.2, the regularity index is 89.0-90.0%, and 19 combinations are eliminated in the F5 generation. Combining 10F 6 generations selected from the F5 generations, planting the combined plants in a cotton comprehensive test base in Yuepu lake county of Nongkechou, xinjiang, performing plant-row comparison tests in the field, performing inbreeding of the same plants in the full-bloom stage, and selecting excellent inbreeding single plants according to the following standards when blooming: 13-14 main stem fruit nodes, 3-4.5 bottom bell fruit nodes, 3.0-3.3g bell weight, 33-35 percent of clothes, 4 quality indexes of the average length of the upper half part of the fiber, 4.1-4.3 breaking ratio strength, micronaire value and uniformity index, namely 36-38mm, 44-46cN/tex, 4.1-4.3 and 86-88 percent respectively, wherein the single plant bears 12-15 bells, 4 combinations are selected, and the seeds used in F7 generation sowing are obtained by combining and harvesting in groups. Performing ecological adaptability tests on combined offspring (F7 generation) in a cotton comprehensive test base in Yuepu lake county of Nongkoyam and a test field of Turpan agricultural science research institute, wherein the strain selection standard is that the positions of bottom bolls are 3.5-4.0, the number of main stem bolls is 13.6-15.0, the number of single plant bolls is 11.0-13.0, the weight of the bolls is 3.2-3.5g, and the dressing score is 33.5-36.0%; the average length of the upper half part is 37.0-38.5mm, the breaking specific strength is 45.0-47.0cN/tex, the micronaire value is 3.9-4.2, and the regularity index is 88.2-90.0%; 3 strains are eliminated in a cotton comprehensive test base in Yuepu lake county of Nongshiyao, xinjiang, 2 strains are selected in a test field of Turpan agricultural science research institute, and 2 strains are eliminated by combining two results. And performing an F8 strain comparison test on the selected strain, and finally selecting a new long stapled cotton strain 'new length 211'.
c, the average number of the boll nodes at the bottom of the new length 211 is 3.6, the number of the main stem fruit nodes is 14.2, the weight of the boll is 3.2g, the coat length is 33.6 percent, and the average number of the bolls of a single plant is 12.7; the average length of the upper half part of the tree is 37.7, the breaking ratio intensity is 45.8cN/tex, the micronaire value is 3.9, the uniformity index is 89.8%, and the tree is currently participating in related tests of variety approval in the Uygur autonomous region in Xinjiang according to the flow.
d, the management method of the cotton field refers to the local high-yield field in the hybridization breeding process.
Example 3
In 2016-2021, sea island cotton breeding is carried out at 4 points in a cotton comprehensive test base in Yuepu county of agriculture academy of sciences of Xinjiang, a cotton breeding family base in Avandi county, a test field in Turpan agricultural science research institute and a three-tech demonstration garden, and the specific operation is carried out according to the following steps:
a, breeding combination selection: 25 combinations are designed, the normal annual yield of the female parent is 320-345 kg/mu, the average length of the upper half part is 36.1-37.5mm, the breaking specific strength is 42.1-46.5cN/tex, the micronaire value is 3.7-4.3, and the regularity index is 88.1-89.2%; the normal annual yield of the male parent is 290-311 kg/mu, the height of the node of the bell fruit at the bottom is 16.0-19.0cm, and the indexes of the average length, the breaking ratio strength, the micronaire value and the uniformity index of the upper half are respectively 38.0-40.1mm, 44.0-46.0cN/tex, 4.0-4.2 and 88.7-90.0%.
b, the filial generation is preferably: according to the combination scheme, cotton fields in a cotton comprehensive test base in Yuepu lake county, a Xinjiang rural institute are hybridized, and then normal boll opening bolls are harvested. Planting the F1 generation in a three-technology demonstration garden of Xinjiang academy of agricultural sciences, planting the F1 generation into a plant row garden, selecting a typical single plant from the F1 generation population as a female parent, wherein the female parent is characterized in that: 13.8-15.3 main stem fruit nodes, 12.6-14.5 single plant bolls and 3.5-4.5 bottom boll nodes, wherein seeds are from boll opening bolls with the weight of 3.3-3.5g and the seed coat weight of 33-36% harvested in the first hybridization process; selecting 3 combinations from F1, mixing, collecting pollen, hybridizing with the pollen as male parent, and castrating female parent on the 5 th-9 th fruit node of plantCollecting pollen of male parent and pollinating; seeds of 3 different male parents were derived from plants with the following criteria: the indexes of the average length of the upper half part, the breaking ratio strength, the micronaire value and the uniformity index are respectively 37.9-39.9mm, 46.0-49.0cN/tex, 3.7-4.0 and 88.1-90.0 percent, the height of the bottom bell fruit node is 16-18cm, and the annual normal yield of the seed cotton is 380-399 kg/mu. Planting F2 generation into plant nursery with 20m planting area in the same year in the three-technology demonstration garden of Xinjiang Nongkoyao 2 And mixed harvesting according to the combination after normal maturity. The harvested strain (F3 generation) is planted in a cotton comprehensive test base in Yuepu county of Nongkou institute in Xinjiang. Planting F4 generation to 25m in the three-technology demonstration garden of Xinjiang academy of agricultural sciences 2 The strain nursery of (1). The combined yield of the F3 generation and the F4 generation is more than 90 percent higher than the maternal yield of the F2 generation, the number of diseased plants and single plant bolls in the plant line garden is more than 90 percent of the average boll number of the single plant in the plant line garden, and all 25 combinations are selected. Planting the F5 generation in a cotton comprehensive test base in Yuepu lake county of Nongkouchi, xinjiang, carrying out comparative observation among combinations, and selecting excellent single plants from the combination, wherein the specific standard is as follows: 13.1-14.5 main stem fruit nodes, 11.5-13.0 single plant bolls, 3.2-4.0 average bottom boll node positions, 3.2-3.5g bolls and 33-35 percent of clothes; the average length of the upper half part, the breaking ratio strength, the micronaire value and the regularity index are respectively 37.3-38.9mm, 45.3-46.5cN/tex, 4.0-4.3 and 88.8-89.9%, and 5 strains are selected from the F5 generation. Planting the selected strain (F6 generation) in a cotton breeding base in Averti county, xinjiang academy of agricultural sciences, performing plant-row comparison test in the field, performing selfing in the full-bloom stage, and selecting excellent selfing single plants according to the following standards when blooming: 13.5-15 main stem fruit nodes, 12-16 single plant bolls, 3.5-4.5 bottom boll nodes, 3.0-3.4g boll weight and 33-34.5 clothes, wherein 4 quality indexes of the average length of the upper half part of the fiber, the breaking ratio strength, the micronaire value and the regularity index are respectively 36-37.5mm, 44.5-47cN/tex, 4.1-4.3 and 86-88 percent. Excellent selfing single plants are combined and mixed to obtain F7 generation seeds, and 3 combinations which do not meet the standards are eliminated. Performing field comparison test on F7 generation in cotton comprehensive test base of Yuepu lake county of Nongkoyam, test field of Turpan agricultural science research institute, wherein plant line selection standard is that the number of main stem fruit nodes is 13.3-14.5, and single plant is knottedThe number of the bells is 10.5 to 12.5, the node of the bells at the bottom is 3.2 to 3.9, the weight of the bells is 3.2 to 3.4g, and the coating weight is 33.0 to 35.0 percent; the average length of the upper half part is 36.5-38.0mm, the breaking ratio strength is 44.6-46.9cN/tex, the micronaire value is 3.9-4.3, and the regularity index is 88.6-90.0%, so as to obtain the new long stapled cotton strain YH 2118.
c 'YH 2118', the average number of boll nodes at the bottom is 3.2, the number of main stem nodes is 13.8, the weight of bolls is 3.2g, the weight of clothes tree is 33.0%, and the average number of bolls of a single plant is 11.8. The average length of the upper half part is 37.4mm, the breaking specific strength is 45.4cN/tex, the micronaire value is 3.9 and the regularity index is 88.7%.
d, the management method of the cotton field refers to the local high-yield field in the hybridization breeding process.
The present invention is capable of other embodiments, and various changes and modifications can be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A sea island cotton breeding method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, selecting 25-45 breeding combinations, performing first hybridization on 1 female parent and 1 male parent in each combination, enabling fiber quality indexes and yields of the female parent and the male parent in each combination to be complementary, and separately harvesting normal boll opening bolls of the first hybridization to obtain seeds used in F1 generation seeding; planting F1 generation, selecting excellent single plants in F1 generation population as female parents, and carrying out multi-male-parent hybridization with a plurality of male parents with complementarity among fiber quality characters to obtain seeds used in F2 generation sowing; planting F2 generation, finally eliminating single plants and diseased plants with poor yield and character performance, and after other single plants are combined and mixed, obtaining seeds used for F3 generation sowing; planting F3 generation, finally eliminating single plants and diseased plants with poor yield and character performance, and after other single plants are combined and mixed, obtaining seeds used for F4 generation sowing; planting F4 generation, eliminating single plants and diseased plants with poor yield and character performance, and combining and mixing other single plants to obtain seeds for F5 generation sowing; from the F5 generation, single plant, plant row and strain screening are sequentially carried out to obtain seeds for F6 generation sowing, seeds for F7 generation sowing and seeds for F8 generation sowing respectively, and F8 generation sowing is carried out to carry out strain comparison tests to obtain the breeding target gossypium barbadense seeds.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the yield of seed cotton of the female parent used in the first cross is stable at 320-370 kg/mu throughout the year, and the target character index of fiber quality is: the indexes of the average length, the breaking ratio strength, the micronaire value and the regularity index of the upper half part are 2-3 indexes which reach the standard, the indexes of the average length, the breaking ratio strength, the micronaire value and the regularity index of the upper half part are 36.1-38.1mm, 43.5-46.9cN/tex, 4.1-4.4 and 88.1-89.2 percent respectively, and the lower limit values of the quality indexes of the average length, the breaking ratio strength and the regularity index of the upper half part which do not reach the standard are 35.0mm, 41.9cN/tex and 87.4 percent respectively; the upper limit value of the quality index of the micronaire value which does not reach the standard is 4.5;
the yield of the male parent seed cotton used for the first hybridization is stabilized at 290-330 kg/mu throughout the year, the height of the bell fruit node at the bottom is 16-20cm, 3-4 of 4 indexes of the upper half average length, the breaking ratio strength, the micronaire value and the uniformity index of the male parent fiber quality index reach the standard, the standard indexes of the upper half average length, the breaking ratio strength, the micronaire value and the uniformity index reach the standard respectively at 36.5-40.1mm, 44.8-48.2cN/tex, 4.0-4.3 and 88.7-90.5%, and the lower limit values of the quality index of the upper half average length, the breaking ratio strength and the uniformity index do not reach the standard respectively at 35.3mm, 42.1cN/tex and 87.5%; the upper limit value of the micronaire value not meeting the quality index is 4.5.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein when F1 generation planting is performed, the plant is planted in a row garden, 3-5 different male parents are selected from the plant to be pollinated, the pollen collected by mixing is pollinated, the 2 nd hybridization is realized, and then the normal boll opening hybrid bolls are collected by mixing until the cotton mature period, so as to obtain seeds for F2 generation seeding;
selection criteria for superior individuals in the F1 generation population: the seeds come from boll opening bolls with the weight of 3.3-3.7g and the coat weight of 33-36% harvested in the first hybridization process, and have 13.8-16.1 main stem fruit nodes, 3.2-4.7 average bottom fruit nodes and 12.6-15.5 single plant bolls in the F1 generation planting process; the seeds of the plurality of male parents are derived from plants having the following criteria: the yield of the reduced seed cotton is stabilized at 380-450 kg/mu throughout the year, 1-2 indexes of 4 indexes of the average length, the breaking ratio strength, the micronaire value and the uniformity index of the upper half part of the fiber quality index reach the standard, the indexes of the average length, the breaking ratio strength, the micronaire value and the uniformity index reach the standard values of 37.9-41.3mm, 46.7-50.2cN/tex, 3.9-4.2 and 89.1-91.5 percent respectively, and the lower limit values of the quality indexes of the average length, the breaking ratio strength and the uniformity index which do not reach the standard reach 36.0mm, 41.9cN/tex and 87.4 percent respectively; the upper limit value of the micronaire value not meeting the quality index is 4.3.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the seeds obtained in the current year and used for sowing the F2 generation are planted in the same year in the Hainan F2 generation plant plot having a planting area of 20-30m 2 When the seeds are normally mature, the seeds obtained by combination and mixed harvest are seeds used for F3 generation sowing; the F3 generation is planted in the main production area of island cotton in Xinjiang, and the F4 generation is planted in Hainan III.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the plants of generations F2, F3 and F4 are discarded as poor-performing individuals and diseased plants, and the evaluation indexes of the poor-performing individuals and diseased plants are: the yield of the current generation is lower than that of the F2 generation female parent by more than 10 percent, and the diseased plants and the single plant bolling number in the strain garden are only lower than 90 percent of the average bolling number of the single plant in the strain garden; and 5-6 middle bolls of the selected single plants are harvested during mixing.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the screening of the individual plants comprises: planting the F5 generation in a main production area of island cotton in Xinjiang, performing comparative observation tests among combinations, and according to the combination of indoor seed test, eliminating the combination of poor yield and quality by combining high yield and low yield, wherein the combination elimination rate is 65-80%, and screening 5-15 excellent single plants for each selected combination to obtain seeds for F6 generation sowing; the selection criteria for excellent individual plants were: 13.1-15.1 main stem fruit nodes, 3.2-4.5 average bottom bell fruit node positions, 3.2-3.5g bell weight, 33-36 percent of clothes, 11.5-14.1 single plant bolls, and 4 quality indexes of the average length of the upper half part of the single plant boll-mixing fiber, the breaking ratio strength, the micronaire value and the uniformity index are 37.3-39.8mm, 45.3-47.8cN/tex, 3.9-4.4 and 88.8-91.2 respectively.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the plant row selection process comprises: planting the F6 generation in the main production area of island cotton in Xinjiang, performing plant-row comparison test in the field, performing inbreeding of the same plants in the full-bloom stage, and selecting excellent inbreeding single plants according to the following standards when blooming: 13-15 main stem fruit nodes, 12-16 single plant bolls, 3-5 bottom boll nodes, 3.0-3.5g boll weight and 33-35 percent clothing, wherein 4 quality indexes of the average length of the upper half part of the fiber, the breaking ratio strength, the micronaire value and the regularity index are 36-38mm, 44-47cN/tex, 4.1-4.3 and 86-88 percent respectively; and (4) selecting excellent selfing single plants, and mixing and harvesting according to the combination to obtain seeds for F7 generation sowing.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the strain selection process comprises: the method comprises the following steps of simultaneously planting F7 generations in two different plots in a main production area of island cotton in Xinjiang, performing strain comparison tests in a field, discarding the same strain in the two plots, respectively using the selected strain as a discarded strain, using the selected strain until the selected strain is normally mature, harvesting the selected strain respectively, wherein the obtained seeds are seeds used for F8 generation sowing, the number of main stem and fruit nodes of each plant of the selected strain is 13.3-15.4, the average number of the bottom bell fruit nodes is 3.2-4.4, the weight of each bell is 3.2-3.5g, the weight of each coat is 33-36%, the average number of the bells of each plant is 10.5-13.5, and the selected strain also needs to meet the following conditions: the average length of the upper half part of the fiber, the breaking ratio strength, the micronaire value and the regularity index are respectively 36.5-39.1mm, 44.6-47.4cN/tex, 3.9-4.3 and 88.2-90.5 percent.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the male parent and the female parent is selected from the group consisting of stable Xinjiang island cotton variety and upland sea hybrid backcross or at least one of the stable Xinjiang island cotton variety and American Pima variety.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein flowers from 4 th to 10 th fruit branches of a single plant are selected for crossing, female parent emasculation, male parent pollen collection and pollination.
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