CN115772618B - High-strength and high-toughness heat-resistant aluminum alloy material, and preparation method and heat treatment method thereof - Google Patents
High-strength and high-toughness heat-resistant aluminum alloy material, and preparation method and heat treatment method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Raney nickel Chemical compound [Al].[Ni] NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- CYUOWZRAOZFACA-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum iron Chemical compound [Al].[Fe] CYUOWZRAOZFACA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- -1 aluminum manganese Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- ZGUQGPFMMTZGBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Al].[Al].[Zr] Chemical compound [Al].[Al].[Zr] ZGUQGPFMMTZGBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- RFEISCHXNDRNLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum yttrium Chemical compound [Al].[Y] RFEISCHXNDRNLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 11
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- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- DJPURDPSZFLWGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidyneborane Chemical compound [Al]#B DJPURDPSZFLWGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
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- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 8
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- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy materials, and particularly relates to a high-strength and high-toughness heat-resistant aluminum alloy material, a preparation method thereof and a heat treatment method thereof. The alloy comprises the following alloy components in percentage by weight: 1-7 wt.% of yttrium, 0.1-0.5 wt.% of iron, 0.2-0.6 wt.% of nickel, 0.2-1 wt.% of manganese, less than or equal to 0.3wt.% of impurity content, and the balance of aluminum. The invention breaks through the conventional design thought of the heat-resistant aluminum alloy, and the high-strength and toughness heat-resistant aluminum alloy material prepared by constructing a multi-scale toughening microstructure model of 'heterogeneous crystal grains + heat-resistant eutectic phases + nano precipitated phases', has the tensile strength of 240MPa or more, the elongation of 15% or more and the recrystallization resistance temperature of 450 ℃. The technical index has leading property in the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy materials, and particularly relates to a high-strength and high-toughness heat-resistant aluminum alloy material, a preparation method thereof and a heat treatment method thereof.
Background
The aluminum alloy has the advantages of small density, high specific strength, high corrosion resistance, high specific rigidity, good machinability, excellent casting performance, easy recovery and the like, and is a light-weight main structural material. The heat-resistant aluminum alloy has excellent high temperature resistance and forming performance, and plays a vital role in the aspects of key parts in the fields of automobile engines, aerospace and the like. After half a century of development, the application field of heat-resistant aluminum alloys is still inferior to titanium alloys and steels, the commercialization process is greatly hindered, and the main reason is that aluminum alloys have some significant defects: (1) The yield strength and the tensile strength are low, and the requirement of the high technical field on the high-strength aluminum alloy cannot be met; (2) Low elongation and poor plasticity, and is easy to generate brittle fracture under the service condition. The strength of the aluminum alloy can be improved by alloying, however, due to the complex interaction between the alloying elements, the formed multi-element intermetallic compound is mostly a brittle intermetallic compound, and the plasticity and toughness of the alloy are greatly weakened. On the other hand, the strength and plasticity of the material can be regulated and controlled to a certain extent by a deformation heating treatment method, but the strength of the material is obviously reduced due to recovery and recrystallization in the heat treatment process. Therefore, it is difficult to achieve an excellent match of strength and plasticity with current regulatory means. Chinese patent CN 108359861A discloses a high-conductivity heat-resistant creep-resistant aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, and the ordinary temperature conductivity disclosed in the technical scheme is only 60.17% iacs, and the long-term heat-resistant temperature is also only 180 ℃, and the improvement of tensile strength and elongation is not involved. Therefore, breaks through the conventional thinking, and has important application value in developing the high-strength and high-toughness heat-resistant aluminum alloy material.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a high-strength and high-toughness heat-resistant aluminum alloy material, a preparation method and a heat treatment method thereof, wherein the tensile strength of the high-strength and high-toughness heat-resistant aluminum alloy is more than or equal to 240MPa, the elongation is more than or equal to 15%, and the recrystallization resistance temperature is higher than 370 ℃.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention specifically adopts the following technical scheme:
the high-strength and high-toughness heat-resistant aluminum alloy material comprises the following alloy components in percentage by weight: 1 to 7wt.% of yttrium,
0.1-0.5 wt.% of iron, 0.2-0.6 wt.% of nickel, 0.2-1 wt.% of manganese, less than or equal to 0.3wt.% of impurity content, and the balance of aluminum.
The high-strength and high-toughness heat-resistant aluminum alloy material comprises the following alloy components in percentage by weight
0.1 to 0.5wt.% and 0.02 to 0.3wt.% of boron.
A preparation method of a high-strength and high-toughness heat-resistant aluminum alloy material comprises the following steps:
(1) Smelting and standing: melting an aluminum ingot with the purity of more than or equal to 99.7% in a melting furnace to obtain an aluminum melt, wherein the temperature of the aluminum melt is 720-750 ℃, and adding an aluminum yttrium, aluminum iron, aluminum nickel and aluminum manganese intermediate alloy ingot into the aluminum melt to ensure that the alloy components reach 1-7wt% of yttrium, 0.1-0.5wt% of iron, 0.2-0.6wt% of nickel, 0.2-1wt% of manganese and the impurity content is less than or equal to 0.3wt% in percentage by weight; smelting alloy at 720-750 ℃, fully stirring the melt by using a stone mill rod after the intermediate alloy ingot is fully melted, and standing for 5 minutes;
(2) Slag making and deslagging: adding a refining agent for slagging, and slowly and fully stirring by using a graphite rod to remove surface scum; the temperature of the melt is reduced to below 750 ℃ and high-purity argon is introduced, so that pure aluminum alloy liquid is obtained, and the mixture is kept stand for 5 minutes;
(3) Gravity casting: and (3) pouring pure aluminum alloy liquid into a die at 750 ℃, wherein the preheating temperature of the die is 300 ℃, and thus the high-strength and high-toughness heat-resistant aluminum alloy material is obtained.
According to the preparation method of the high-strength and high-toughness heat-resistant aluminum alloy material, in the step (1), aluminum zirconium and aluminum boron intermediate alloy ingots are added into an aluminum melt, wherein the alloy components of zirconium and boron are 0.1-0.5wt% of zirconium and 0.02-0.3wt% of boron in percentage by weight.
According to the preparation method of the high-strength and high-toughness heat-resistant aluminum alloy material, the yttrium in the aluminum-yttrium intermediate alloy ingot is 10%, the iron in the aluminum-iron intermediate alloy ingot is 10%, and the nickel and manganese in the aluminum-nickel and aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy ingot are respectively 10%.
According to the preparation method of the high-strength and high-toughness heat-resistant aluminum alloy material, the zirconium in the aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy ingot is 5%, and the boron in the aluminum-boron intermediate alloy ingot is 2%.
The preparation method of the high-strength and high-toughness heat-resistant aluminum alloy material further comprises cold rolling treatment, wherein the high-strength and high-toughness heat-resistant alloy material is rolled into a sheet through cold rolling, and the rolling strain is 82%.
A heat treatment method of a high-strength and high-toughness heat-resistant aluminum alloy material comprises the steps of carrying out aging heat treatment on the high-strength and high-toughness heat-resistant aluminum alloy material at 450 ℃ for 48-72 h; and rolling the alloy into a sheet by cold rolling, and performing heat treatment on the sheet in a heat treatment furnace, wherein the heat treatment temperature is 280-400 ℃ and the treatment time is 2-60 min.
The beneficial effects are that:
1. the invention breaks through the conventional design thought of the heat-resistant aluminum alloy, and the high-strength and toughness heat-resistant aluminum alloy material prepared by constructing a multi-scale toughening microstructure model of 'heterogeneous crystal grains + heat-resistant eutectic phases + nano precipitated phases', has the tensile strength of 240MPa or more, the elongation of 15% or more and the recrystallization resistance temperature of 370 ℃. The technical index has leading property in the prior art.
2. The invention mainly relies on a multi-element multi-scale toughening mechanism to realize good matching of strength and heat resistance. After the transformation heat treatment, an heterogeneous grain structure composed of primary alpha-Al with large grains and eutectic alpha-Al with ultrafine grains is formed in the alloy structure, and the strengthening and toughening effects of non-uniform deformation are generated. It should be noted that, in the present invention, there is a certain relation between the control of the ratio of coarse crystals to fine crystals and the Y content, which cannot be predicted by conventional theory, and this is also an important innovation point of the present invention.
3. Zirconium element in the alloy component is produced by precipitation of Al during heat treatment 3 The nano precipitated phase of (Er, zr) can effectively spike dislocation and crystal boundary, prevent the dislocation and crystal boundary from moving, and enhance the strength and heat resistance of the aluminum alloy. The rare earth yttrium mainly forms Al with good heat resistance 3 Y eutectic phase, mn element is mainly formed by Al 20 Mn 2 The Y ternary phase increases the volume fraction of intermetallic compound, increases strength and heat resistance, and Mn has higher solid solubility in aluminum, thereby producing remarkable effectSolid solution strengthening effect.
4. Experiments show that Zr element is partially concentrated in primary alpha-Al of coarse grains, short plates of coarse grains, which lack heat-resistant particle pinning, are made up, the recrystallization resistance and work hardening capacity of the coarse grains are improved, excellent matching of strong plasticity and heat resistance is obtained, and the method is another innovation point of the invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a drawing showing a metallographic structure of a crystal grain structure (a) cold-rolled at 475 ℃ in the isochronous aging treatment of a cold-rolled sheet of example 2; (b) cold rolling;
fig. 2 is a grain structure of the cold rolled and isochronous aged cold rolled sheet of comparative example 1: (a) cold rolling; (b) 280 ℃; (c) 400 ℃.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
Example 1
The high-strength and high-toughness heat-resistant aluminum alloy material comprises the following alloy components in percentage by weight: 1-2 wt.% of yttrium, 0.4-0.5 wt.% of iron Fe, 0.2-0.4 wt.% of nickel Ni, 0.5-1 wt.% of manganese Mn, 0.1-0.3 wt.% of zirconium Zr0.02-0.1 wt.% of boron B, less than or equal to 0.3wt.% of impurity content, and the balance of aluminum.
The preparation method of the high-strength and high-toughness heat-resistant aluminum alloy material comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of selecting industrial pure aluminum with the purity of 99.7% of Al, placing the industrial pure aluminum into a smelting furnace to be melted into aluminum liquid, heating the aluminum liquid to 720-730 ℃, and calculating the weight of aluminum zirconium, aluminum yttrium, aluminum iron, aluminum nickel, aluminum manganese, aluminum boron intermediate alloy ingots according to the formula of Y1-2 wt.%, fe 0.4-0.5 wt.%, ni 0.2-0.4 wt.%, mn 0.5-1 wt.%, zr0.1-0.3 wt.%, and B0.02-0.1 wt.%, wherein the impurity content is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.3wt.%. Wherein, the zirconium in the aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy ingot is 5%, the yttrium in the aluminum-yttrium intermediate alloy ingot is 10%, the iron in the aluminum-iron intermediate alloy ingot is 10%, the nickel in the aluminum-nickel intermediate alloy ingot is 10%, the manganese in the aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy ingot is 10%, and the boron in the aluminum-boron intermediate alloy ingot is 2%. Respectively placing the weighed aluminum zirconium, aluminum yttrium, aluminum iron, aluminum nickel, aluminum manganese, aluminum boron intermediate alloy ingots into aluminum liquid, smelting alloy at 720-730 ℃, fully stirring the melt by using a stone mill rod after the intermediate alloy ingots are fully melted, and standing for 5 minutes; adding a refining agent for refining, slowly and fully stirring by using a graphite rod, and removing surface scum; the temperature of the melt is controlled below 750 ℃ and high-purity argon is introduced, so that pure aluminum alloy liquid is obtained and kept stand for 5 minutes. And finally, pouring pure aluminum alloy liquid into a mold at the temperature lower than 750 ℃, wherein the preheating temperature of the mold is 300 ℃, and finally obtaining the high-strength and high-toughness heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy material.
Aging heat treatment is carried out on the high-strength and toughness heat-resistant aluminum alloy material at the temperature of 450 ℃, and the heat treatment time is 48-72 h; and rolling the high-strength and high-toughness heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy into a sheet by cold rolling, wherein the rolling strain is 82%, and finally obtaining the aluminum alloy sheet with the thickness of 2 mm. And carrying out heat treatment on the aluminum alloy sheet in a heat treatment furnace at the temperature of 280-350 ℃ for 5-10 min. The room temperature tensile strength after the test heat treatment is 240MPa, the elongation is 20%, and the heat resistance is characterized by adopting a method for measuring the recrystallization temperature. The method for measuring the recrystallization temperature of the cold-rolled sheet comprises the following steps: by isochronous ageing heating, the heating temperature is 150-200 ℃, the heating temperature interval is 25 ℃, and the heat preservation time at each temperature is 30 minutes. The sheet was tested for hardness using a vickers microhardness tester, and the temperature corresponding to a 50% decrease in hardness was used as the recrystallization temperature, which was 375 ℃.
Example 2
The high-strength and high-toughness heat-resistant aluminum alloy material comprises the following alloy components in percentage by weight: 4-6 wt.% of yttrium Y, 0.1-0.3 wt.% of iron Fe, 0.4-0.6 wt.% of nickel Ni, 0.2-0.4 wt.% of manganese Mn, 0.3-0.5 wt.% of zirconium Zr0.1-0.3 wt.% of boron B, less than or equal to 0.3wt.% of impurity content, and the balance of aluminum.
The preparation method of the high-strength and high-toughness heat-resistant aluminum alloy material comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of (1) melting industrial pure aluminum with purity of more than 99.7% in a melting furnace to obtain aluminum liquid, heating the aluminum liquid to 740-750 ℃, and calculating the weight of aluminum zirconium, aluminum yttrium, aluminum iron, aluminum nickel, aluminum manganese, aluminum boron intermediate alloy ingots according to the formula of 4-6 wt.% of Y, 0.1-0.3 wt.% of Fe, 0.4-0.6 wt.% of Ni, 0.2-0.4 wt.% of Mn, 0.3-0.5 wt.% of Zr and 0.1-0.3 wt.% of B, wherein the impurity content is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.3wt.%. Wherein, the zirconium in the aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy ingot is 5%, the yttrium in the aluminum-yttrium intermediate alloy ingot is 10%, the iron in the aluminum-iron intermediate alloy ingot is 10%, the nickel in the aluminum-nickel intermediate alloy ingot is 10%, the manganese in the aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy ingot is 10%, and the boron in the aluminum-boron intermediate alloy ingot is 2%. Respectively placing the weighed aluminum zirconium, aluminum yttrium, aluminum iron, aluminum nickel, aluminum manganese, aluminum boron intermediate alloy ingots into aluminum liquid, smelting the alloy at 740-750 ℃, fully stirring the melt by using a stone mill rod after the intermediate alloy ingots are fully melted, and standing for 5 minutes; adding a refining agent for refining, slowly and fully stirring by using a graphite rod, and removing surface scum; and (3) when the temperature of the melt is reduced to 740-745 ℃, introducing high-purity argon, obtaining pure aluminum alloy liquid, and standing for 5 minutes. And finally, pouring the pure aluminum alloy liquid into a mold at 740-745 ℃, wherein the preheating temperature of the mold is 300 ℃, and finally obtaining the high-strength and high-toughness heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy material.
Aging heat treatment is carried out on the high-strength and toughness heat-resistant aluminum alloy material at the temperature of 450 ℃, and the heat treatment time is 48-72 h; and rolling the high-strength and high-toughness heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy into a sheet by cold rolling, wherein the rolling strain is 82%, and finally obtaining the aluminum alloy sheet with the thickness of 2 mm. And carrying out heat treatment on the aluminum alloy sheet in a heat treatment furnace at the temperature of 350-400 ℃ for 30-60 min. The room temperature tensile strength after test heat treatment is 320MPa, the elongation is 15%, and the recrystallization temperature is 475 ℃. Referring to FIG. 1, it can be seen that the grain structure at 475 ℃ in the isochronous aging treatment of the cold rolled sheet of example 2, wherein (a) is a cold rolled metallographic structure; (b) cold rolling.
Example 3
The high-strength and high-toughness heat-resistant aluminum alloy material comprises the following alloy components in percentage by weight: 4-7wt% of yttrium, 0.4-0.5wt% of iron Fe, 0.4-0.6wt% of nickel Ni, 0.5-1wt% of manganese Mn, less than or equal to 0.3wt% of impurity content and the balance of aluminum.
The preparation method of the high-strength and high-toughness heat-resistant aluminum alloy material comprises the following steps:
melting industrial pure aluminum with purity of more than 99.7% into aluminum liquid in a smelting furnace, heating the aluminum liquid to 730-740 ℃, adding a refining agent into the aluminum liquid according to the formula of Y4-7wt%, fe 0.4-0.5wt%, ni 0.4-0.6wt%, mn 0.5-1wt%, and impurity content of less than or equal to 0.3wt%, respectively calculating the weight of aluminum yttrium, aluminum iron, aluminum nickel and aluminum manganese intermediate alloy ingots, respectively adding the weights into the aluminum liquid, smelting the alloy at 730-740 ℃, fully stirring the melt by using a stone mill rod after the intermediate alloy ingots are fully melted, standing for 5 minutes, then adding the refining agent into the alloy, slowly and fully stirring by using a graphite rod, and removing surface scum; and (3) reducing the temperature of the melt to 720-730 ℃, introducing high-purity argon, obtaining pure aluminum alloy liquid, and standing for 5 minutes. And finally, pouring the aluminum alloy liquid into a mold at 720-730 ℃, wherein the preheating temperature of the mold is 300 ℃, and finally obtaining the high-strength and high-toughness heat-resistant casting aluminum alloy material.
Aging heat treatment is carried out on the high-strength and toughness heat-resistant aluminum alloy material at the temperature of 450 ℃, and the heat treatment time is 48-72 h; and rolling the high-strength and high-toughness heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy into a sheet by cold rolling, wherein the rolling strain is 82%, and finally obtaining the aluminum alloy sheet with the thickness of 2 mm. And carrying out heat treatment on the aluminum alloy sheet in a heat treatment furnace at the temperature of 280-400 ℃ for 30-60 min. The room temperature tensile strength after the test heat treatment is 260MPa, the elongation is 18%, and the recrystallization temperature is 400 ℃.
Comparative example 1
The high-strength and high-toughness heat-resistant aluminum alloy material of the comparative example comprises the following alloy components in percentage by weight: 0.4-0.5 wt.% of Fe, 0.4-0.6 wt.% of Ni, 0.5-1 wt.% of Mn, 0.2-0.5 wt.% of Zr, less than or equal to 0.3wt.% of impurity content, and the balance of aluminum.
The preparation method of the high-strength and high-toughness heat-resistant aluminum alloy material in the comparative example is different from that in the embodiment 3 in that: melting industrial pure aluminum with purity of more than 99.7% in a smelting furnace to form aluminum liquid, heating the aluminum liquid to 730-740 ℃, and respectively weighing aluminum iron, aluminum nickel, aluminum manganese, aluminum zirconium intermediate alloy and putting the aluminum liquid according to the formula of 0.4-0.5 wt.% of Fe, 0.4-0.6 wt.% of Ni, 0.5-1 wt.% of Mn and 0.2-0.5 wt.% of Zr; after the intermediate alloy is melted, putting a refining agent for refining, slowly and fully stirring by using a graphite rod, and removing surface scum; the temperature of the melt is reduced to below 750 ℃ and high-purity argon is introduced, so that pure aluminum alloy liquid is obtained and kept stand for 5 minutes. And finally, casting the aluminum alloy liquid into a mold at 720-730 ℃ to obtain the high-strength and high-toughness heat-resistant casting aluminum alloy material.
And aging heat treatment is carried out on the high-strength and high-toughness heat-resistant casting alloy at the temperature of 450 ℃, and the heat treatment time is 48-72 h. The alloy was rolled into a sheet by cold rolling with a rolling strain of 82%, and finally an aluminum alloy sheet with a thickness of 2mm was obtained. Referring to fig. 2, the grain structure of the cold rolled sheet in cold rolled and isochronous ageing treatment can be seen: FIG. (a) is a cold rolled state; panel (b) is 280 ℃; panel (c) is 400 ℃. And performing heat treatment in a heat treatment furnace at the temperature of 280-400 ℃ for 5-20 min. The room temperature tensile strength after the test heat treatment is 175MPa, the elongation is 18%, and the recrystallization temperature is 375 ℃.
According to the embodiment, the invention breaks through the conventional design thought of the heat-resistant aluminum alloy, and realizes good matching of strength and heat resistance by virtue of a multi-element multi-scale toughening mechanism. After the transformation heat treatment, an heterogeneous grain structure composed of primary alpha-Al with large grains and eutectic alpha-Al with ultrafine grains is formed in the alloy structure, and the strengthening and toughening effects of non-uniform deformation are generated. The ratio control of coarse crystals and fine crystals has a certain relation with the Y content, which cannot be predicted by the conventional theory, and is an important innovation point of the invention. Zirconium element in the alloy component is produced by precipitation of Al during heat treatment 3 The nano precipitated phase of (Er, zr) can effectively spike dislocation and crystal boundary, prevent the dislocation and crystal boundary from moving, and enhance the strength and heat resistance of the aluminum alloy. The rare earth yttrium mainly forms Al with good heat resistance 3 Y eutectic phase, mn element is mainly formed by Al 20 Mn 2 The Y ternary phase improves the volume fraction of intermetallic compounds, strength and heat resistance, and Mn has higher solid solubility in aluminum, so that a remarkable solid solution strengthening effect is generated.
Experiments show that Zr element is partially concentrated in primary alpha-Al of coarse grains, short plates of coarse grains, which lack heat-resistant particle pinning, are made up, the recrystallization resistance and work hardening capacity of the coarse grains are improved, excellent matching of strong plasticity and heat resistance is obtained, and the method is another innovation point of the invention.
The previous description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (2)
1. The high-strength and high-toughness heat-resistant aluminum alloy material is characterized by comprising the following alloy components in percentage by weight: 1 to 7wt.% of yttrium, 0.1 to 0.5wt.% of iron, 0.2 to 0.6wt.% of nickel, 0.2 to 1wt.% of manganese, less than or equal to 0.3wt.% of impurity content, and the balance of aluminum;
the alloy composition also comprises 0.1-0.5 wt.% of zirconium and 0.02-0.3 wt.% of boron in percentage by weight;
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Smelting and standing: melting an aluminum ingot with the purity of more than or equal to 99.7% in a melting furnace to obtain an aluminum melt, wherein the temperature of the aluminum melt is 720-750 ℃, and adding an aluminum yttrium, aluminum iron, aluminum nickel and aluminum manganese intermediate alloy ingot into the aluminum melt to ensure that the alloy components reach 1-7 wt.% of yttrium, 0.1-0.5 wt.% of iron, 0.2-0.6 wt.% of nickel, 0.2-1 wt.% of manganese and the impurity content is less than or equal to 0.3wt.% according to the weight percentage; smelting alloy at 720-750 ℃, fully stirring the melt by using a stone mill rod after the intermediate alloy ingot is fully melted, and standing for 5 minutes;
(2) Slag making and deslagging: adding a refining agent for slagging, and slowly and fully stirring by using a graphite rod to remove surface scum; the melt is warmed
Cooling to below 750 ℃ and introducing high-purity argon to obtain pure aluminum alloy liquid, and standing for 5 minutes;
(3) Gravity casting: pouring pure aluminum alloy liquid into a mold at 750 ℃, wherein the preheating temperature of the mold is 300 ℃, and obtaining the high-strength and high-toughness heat-resistant aluminum alloy material;
in the step (1), an aluminum zirconium and aluminum boron intermediate alloy ingot is also added into the aluminum melt, wherein the alloy components of zirconium and boron are 0.1-0.5 wt.% of zirconium and 0.02-0.3 wt.% of boron according to weight percentage;
the composition of yttrium in the aluminum-yttrium intermediate alloy ingot is 10%, the composition of iron in the aluminum-iron intermediate alloy ingot is 10%, the composition of nickel in the aluminum-nickel intermediate alloy ingot is 10%, and the composition of manganese in the aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy ingot is 10%;
the component of zirconium in the aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy ingot is 5%, and the component of boron in the aluminum-boron intermediate alloy ingot is 2%.
2. The heat treatment method of the high-strength and high-toughness heat-resistant aluminum alloy material is characterized by comprising the steps of aging the high-strength and high-toughness heat-resistant aluminum alloy material at 450 ℃ for 48-72 h; the alloy is rolled into a sheet by cold rolling, the sheet is subjected to heat treatment in a heat treatment furnace, the strain of the cold rolling is 82%, the heat treatment temperature is 280-400 ℃, and the treatment time is 2-60 min.
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