CN115764003B - 微重力环境下多周次使用锌银蓄电池 - Google Patents
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- BSWGGJHLVUUXTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver zinc Chemical compound [Zn].[Ag] BSWGGJHLVUUXTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 230000005486 microgravity Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 15
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 10
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- WBFZBNKJVDQAMA-UHFFFAOYSA-D dipotassium;zirconium(4+);pentacarbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[Zr+4].[Zr+4].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O WBFZBNKJVDQAMA-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 claims description 4
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- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
微重力环境下多周次使用锌银蓄电池,包括外壳和位于外壳内的正电极、负电极、电解液以及将正电极和负电极隔开的隔膜。正负集流条分别从正负电极向上伸出外壳并且分别套设有正负极绝缘套管。正电极和负电极的上边沿均被绝缘膜包覆。本发明通过对电池正、负电极上边沿进行绝缘包覆,并使用绝缘套管对正、负电极集流条进行包覆,有效避免了电池在微重力环境下多次充电过程中析出的海绵锌会上浮形成“锌桥”,从而连通正负电极而导致电池内部短路失效。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种锌银蓄电池。
背景技术
锌银电池具有放电电压平稳、比能量大、比功率高以及安全可靠等优点,通常应用于一些对电池性能要求比较高的特殊用途中。但是常规锌银蓄电池湿寿命短的缺点限制了其使用领域,并且在微重力环境条件(微重力又称为零重力,不是由地球的引力产生的,而是由于太空残余大气等因素造成的,如太空等环境)只能一次性使用。空间站航天服配套电池性能要求绝对安全可靠,根据其使用环境,使用锌银蓄电池是最好的选择。但这还要求电池在微重力环境条件下可以多周次重复使用,从而满足航天员多次出舱活动的用电需求。常规的锌银蓄电池如果在微重力环境下充电,就会在充电过程中析出海绵锌。析出的海绵锌在微重力环境下随机飘浮,从而会造成“锌桥”而形成潜通路,导致电池内部短路失效。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种在微重力环境下可以多周次使用的锌银蓄电池。
根据本发明的锌银蓄电池包括:
外壳;
位于外壳内的正电极、负电极、电解液以及将正电极和负电极隔开的隔膜;
从正电极向上引出外壳的正集流条,其中正集流条在外壳内的部分套设有正极绝缘套管,正极绝缘套管以热熔方式固定于正集流条;以及从负电极向上引出外壳的负集流条,其中负集流条在外壳内的部分套设有负极绝缘套管,负极绝缘套管以热熔方式固定于负集流条,其中电解液含有质量浓度为40%~45%的氢氧化钾和质量浓度为3%~6%的ZnO,以及正电极和负电极的上边沿均被绝缘膜包覆。
本发明通过对电池正、负电极上边沿进行绝缘包覆,并使用绝缘套管对正、负电极集流条进行包覆,有效避免了电池在微重力环境下多次充电过程中析出的海绵锌会上浮形成“锌桥”,从而连通正负电极而导致电池内部短路失效。
根据本发明的锌银蓄电池,正电极的上边沿优选用非编织人造接技绝缘膜包覆10mm左右,负电极的上边沿优选用可重复使用纤维素绝缘膜包覆10mm左右。
根据本发明的锌银蓄电池,正极绝缘套管和负极绝缘套管均优选采用聚四氟乙烯套管。
根据本发明的锌银蓄电池,正集流条可以被正极绝缘套管完全包覆,负集流条也可以被负极绝缘套管完全包覆。
根据本发明的锌银蓄电池,优选隔膜的高度均高出正电极和负电极的高度。
根据本发明的锌银蓄电池,负电极可以由混合锌粉加入PVA水溶液调成膏状后涂敷在集流体上压制而成。混合锌粉优选由70%~80%的氧化锌与20%~30%的锌组成,并更优选加入添加质量分数为2%~5%的无机氧化物。本发明通过改善锌银电池的电解液组成与负电极材料成分,使其协同配合,从而有效抑制了其在充电过程中发生的析锌现象,尤其适合锌银蓄电池在微重力环境下重复工作。
总之,本发明的锌银蓄电池结构简单且成本低,并可以在微重力环境下多周次使用。
附图说明
图1为根据本发明的锌银蓄电池的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例和附图对本发明做进一步说明,本领域技术人员应该理解,实施例和附图只是为了更好地理解本发明,并不用于任何限制目的。
图1为根据本发明的锌银蓄电池的结构示意图。如图所示,本发明的锌银蓄电池主要包括外壳8、正电极7、负电极5、电解液6、隔膜4、正集流条2以及负集流条1。
正电极7、负电极5以及电解液6位于外壳8内,隔膜4将正电极7和负电极5隔开。隔膜4的高度均高出正电极7和负电极5的高度。
正电极7和负电极5均可以采用叠片形成的极群形式。负电极5可以由混合锌粉加入PVA水溶液调成膏状后涂敷在集流体上压制而成。混合锌粉由70%~80%的氧化锌与20%~30%的锌组成,并优选加入添加质量分数为2%~5%的缓蚀剂。各实施例中的混合锌粉质量组成为:72%的氧化锌、24.6%的锌以及3.4%的缓蚀剂。PVA水溶液浓度为1%~5%;各实施例则采用3%的PVA水溶液。正电极7则采用常规烧结银电极。
正集流条2从正电极7向上伸出外壳8,并且正集流条2在外壳8内的部分套设有正极绝缘套管3。正极绝缘套管3采用聚四氟乙烯套管并以热熔方式固定于正集流条2。负集流条1也从负电极5向上伸出外壳8,负集流条1在外壳8内的部分也套设有负极绝缘套管,负极绝缘套管同样采用聚四氟乙烯套管并以热熔方式固定于负集流条1。正负集流条也可以被聚四氟乙烯套管完全包覆。
正电极7的上边沿用非编织人造接技绝缘膜包覆10mm左右,负电极5的上边沿则用可重复使用纤维素绝缘膜包覆10mm左右。
隔膜4采用非编织合成纤维尼龙布并进行改性处理而成:将碳酸锆钾溶于聚四氟乙烯乳液中形成浸泡溶液,其中碳酸锆钾与聚四氟乙烯乳液的质量比为25%~30%;将非编织合成纤维尼龙布放浸泡溶液中浸泡4~6小时后,取出在室温下悬挂晾干。各实施例中为采用聚四氟乙烯乳液混合溶液中浸泡5小时后晾干。另外,也可以将经过上述改性处理后的非编织合成纤维尼龙布与可重复使用纤维素膜、非编织人造纤维毡和/或聚丙烯材料复合而制成复合隔膜。
电解液6由氢氧化钾和ZnO组成,其中氢氧化钾的质量浓度为40%~45%,ZnO的质量浓度为3%~6%。各实施例中电解液6组成为:氢氧化钾:43%;ZnO:5%;余量为水。电解液6的加注在正负电极(极群)装入外壳8后进行。
外壳8为金属塑料复合包装外壳,由尼龙和金属铝复合后经模压成型。
如上所述,分别制作了30Ah和34Ah两个锌银单体蓄电池,之后在微重力(太空)环境下充放电10周后两个实施例电池工作均仍然正常,少量析出的海绵锌没有对正负极造成任何影响。
Claims (1)
1.一种在微重力环境下多周次使用的锌银蓄电池,包括:
外壳;
位于外壳内的正电极、负电极、电解液以及将正电极和负电极隔开的隔膜,其中隔膜的高度均高出正电极和负电极的高度,正电极和负电极均采用叠片形成的极群形式,并且隔膜采用非编织合成纤维尼龙布并进行改性处理而成:将碳酸锆钾溶于聚四氟乙烯乳液中形成浸泡溶液,其中碳酸锆钾与聚四氟乙烯乳液的质量比为25%~30%;将非编织合成纤维尼龙布放在浸泡溶液中浸泡4~6小时后,取出在室温下悬挂晾干;
从正电极向上引出外壳的正集流条,其中正集流条在外壳内的部分套设有正极绝缘套管,正极绝缘套管以热熔方式固定于正集流条;以及从负电极向上引出外壳的负集流条,其中负集流条在外壳内的部分套设有负极绝缘套管,负极绝缘套管以热熔方式固定于负集流条,
其中正集流条被正极绝缘套管完全包覆,负集流条被负极绝缘套管完全包覆,电解液含有质量浓度为40%~45%的氢氧化钾和质量浓度为3%~6%的ZnO,以及正电极和负电极的上边沿均被绝缘膜包覆,其中正电极的上边沿用非编织人造接技绝缘膜包覆10mm,负电极的上边沿用可重复使用纤维素绝缘膜包覆10mm,
其中负电极由混合锌粉加入PVA水溶液调成膏状后涂敷在集流体上压制而成,混合锌粉由70%~80%的氧化锌、20%~30%的锌2%~5%的无机氧化物组成,正电极则为烧结银电极,
其中正极绝缘套管和负极绝缘套管均采用聚四氟乙烯套管。
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CN114284578A (zh) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-04-05 | 贵州梅岭电源有限公司 | 一种长湿寿命锌银蓄电池 |
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- 2022-10-11 CN CN202211243277.8A patent/CN115764003B/zh active Active
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WO2009027977A2 (en) * | 2007-08-28 | 2009-03-05 | 3Gsolar Ltd. | Photovoltaic dye cell having an improved counter-electrode |
CN108711628A (zh) * | 2018-05-24 | 2018-10-26 | 武汉孚安特科技有限公司 | 高活性物利用率的锂亚硫酰氯电池及其制作方法 |
WO2021258924A1 (zh) * | 2020-06-23 | 2021-12-30 | 曙鹏科技(深圳)有限公司 | 扣式软包电芯及纽扣电池 |
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