CN115750017A - Liquid air energy storage coupling ammonia production power generation system and method - Google Patents

Liquid air energy storage coupling ammonia production power generation system and method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115750017A
CN115750017A CN202211521111.8A CN202211521111A CN115750017A CN 115750017 A CN115750017 A CN 115750017A CN 202211521111 A CN202211521111 A CN 202211521111A CN 115750017 A CN115750017 A CN 115750017A
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unit
ammonia
power generation
air
energy storage
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CN202211521111.8A
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CN115750017B (en
Inventor
王际辉
白宁
姜晓霞
韩雨辰
牛明宇
兰昊
程蓉蓉
贾朋森
董博
李莹
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State Power Investment Group Science and Technology Research Institute Co Ltd
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State Power Investment Group Science and Technology Research Institute Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0012—Primary atmospheric gases, e.g. air
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    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
    • F25J2240/90—Hot gas waste turbine of an indirect heated gas for power generation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2260/00—Coupling of processes or apparatus to other units; Integrated schemes
    • F25J2260/30—Integration in an installation using renewable energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/62—Details of storing a fluid in a tank
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
    • Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a liquid air energy storage coupling ammonia production power generation system and a method. The liquid air energy storage coupling ammonia production power generation system provided by the invention has two working modes of energy storage and power generation. Under the energy storage mode, the system utilizes the surplus electricity of new forms of energy electric power to liquefy after compressing the air, obtains nitrogen after liquid air separation, and nitrogen participates in the chemical reaction synthesis ammonia as raw materials. Under the power generation mode, the liquid nitrogen is changed into nitrogen to absorb heat and then drives the expander to generate power, the ammonia can drive the ammonia fuel cell to generate power outwards, the raw material gas, the synthetic ammonia and the multi-mode power generation are produced, the problems of output fluctuation and on-site consumption of new energy power generation are solved, the problems of high-density, large-scale and long-term energy storage of new energy power generation are solved, and the integrated multi-energy flexible supply of cold, heat, electricity and gas is realized.

Description

Liquid air energy storage coupling ammonia production power generation system and method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of energy storage, in particular to a liquid air energy storage coupling ammonia production power generation system and method.
Background
With the rapid expansion of the power generation scale of new energy, the problem of output fluctuation of new energy such as wind power, photovoltaic and the like is increasingly prominent. The west areas of China are rich in illumination resources and large in photovoltaic power generation capacity, and much electricity is concentrated in the east areas, so that long-distance transmission of new energy power generation is avoided, and green electricity conversion and new energy local consumption are promoted. In the related art, large-scale long-time energy storage technology such as pumped storage is limited by mountain geographical conditions and large-scale water resources, and compressed air energy storage has the defects of low energy storage density and single function. The density of liquid air is about 8 times of that of high-pressure air (10 MPa and normal temperature), the energy storage density can be greatly improved by liquefying the air and storing the liquefied air, and the problems of poor economy, repeated construction and the like exist in the field of liquid air energy storage at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art. Therefore, the embodiment of the invention provides a liquid air energy storage coupling ammonia production power generation system, which has the functions of high-density energy storage and multi-mode power generation, can realize integrated operation of energy storage and air supply, expands an industrial chain, avoids repeated construction and improves the economical efficiency of the system.
The liquid air energy storage coupling ammonia production power generation system of the embodiment of the invention comprises:
the system comprises a new energy power generation unit and an air liquefaction unit, wherein the new energy power generation unit is used for generating power and supplying power to the air liquefaction unit, and the air liquefaction unit is used for liquefying air into liquid air;
an air separation unit to which liquid air is delivered by the air liquefaction unit, the air separation unit being configured to separate the liquid air, the separation material comprising at least liquid nitrogen;
the liquid nitrogen power generation unit comprises a pump, an expander, a power generator and at least one first heat exchanger connected in series, liquid nitrogen separated by the air separation unit is boosted by the pump and enters the first heat exchanger, the liquid nitrogen absorbs heat by the first heat exchanger and then becomes high-temperature high-pressure nitrogen, and the high-temperature high-pressure nitrogen expands by the expander to work and drive the power generator to generate power;
the synthetic ammonia unit is used for conveying the nitrogen after expansion work to the synthetic ammonia unit, and the synthetic ammonia unit synthesizes ammonia by using the nitrogen and the hydrogen;
and the ammonia synthesis unit is communicated with the anode of the ammonia fuel cell unit, ammonia is input, and the ammonia and the oxygen at the cathode generate chemical reaction to generate electricity.
The liquid air energy storage coupling ammonia production power generation system provided by the invention realizes the production of raw material gas, synthesis of ammonia and multi-mode power generation, aims to solve the problems of output fluctuation and local consumption of new energy power generation, solves the problems of high density, large scale and long-term energy storage of new energy power generation, and realizes the integrated multi-energy flexible supply of cold, heat, electricity and gas.
In some embodiments, the system further comprises an electrolytic water unit, the new energy generation unit is further configured to supply power to the electrolytic water unit, the electrolytic water unit is configured to electrolyze water into oxygen and hydrogen, and the electrolytic water unit is configured to provide hydrogen to the ammonia synthesis unit.
In some embodiments, the electrolyzed water unit is further configured to provide oxygen to the cathode of the ammonia fuel cell unit.
In some embodiments, the system further comprises a hydrogen storage device and an oxygen storage device, both in communication with the electrolyzed water unit.
In some embodiments, the separation material further comprises oxygen, and the air separation unit stores the separated oxygen in the oxygen storage device.
In some embodiments, the air liquefaction unit comprises an electric motor, a compressor, at least one second heat exchanger connected in series, a liquid expander, and a liquid air storage tank, the new energy power generation unit supplies power to the electric motor, the electric motor drives the compressor to operate, compressed air at an outlet of the compressor is changed into high-pressure liquid air after releasing heat through the second heat exchanger, and the high-pressure liquid air is expanded through the liquid expander and then stored in the liquid air storage tank under reduced pressure.
In some embodiments, the first heat exchanger is in one-to-one correspondence with the second heat exchanger and the hot side of the first heat exchanger is in communication with the cold side of the second heat exchanger.
In some embodiments, the system further comprises a cryogenic medium storage device connected between the first heat exchanger hot side outlet and the second heat exchanger cold side inlet and a high temperature medium storage device connected between the second heat exchanger cold side outlet and the first heat exchanger hot side inlet.
In another aspect of the present invention, a liquid air energy storage coupling ammonia production power generation method is provided, based on the liquid air energy storage coupling ammonia production power generation system described in the above embodiment, where the liquid air energy storage coupling ammonia production power generation system has an energy storage mode and a power generation mode, and the liquid air energy storage coupling ammonia production power generation method includes:
in an energy storage mode, the new energy power generation unit supplies power to the air liquefaction unit, the air liquefaction unit liquefies air into liquid air, the air separation unit separates the liquid air into liquid nitrogen, and the synthetic ammonia unit synthesizes and stores ammonia by using nitrogen stored in the previous power generation mode;
in the power generation mode, the liquid nitrogen power generation unit generates power by using liquid nitrogen, stores the nitrogen after expansion work, and the ammonia stored in the synthetic ammonia unit enters the anode of the ammonia fuel unit to generate power.
In some embodiments, the method further comprises: in an energy storage mode, the new energy power generation unit supplies power to the water electrolysis unit, the water electrolysis unit electrolyzes water into oxygen and hydrogen and stores the oxygen and the hydrogen, and the water electrolysis unit provides hydrogen for the synthetic ammonia unit; in the power generation mode, oxygen stored in the electrolyzed water unit enters the cathode of the ammonia fuel cell.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a liquid air energy storage coupled ammonia production power generation system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
1. a photovoltaic module; 2. a transformer; 3. an inverter; 4. an electrolytic water unit; 5. a water inlet; 6. an oxygen storage device; 7. a hydrogen storage device; 8. an electric motor; 9. a compressor; 10. an air inlet; 11. a second heat exchanger a;12. a low-temperature heating medium tank; 13. a high-temperature heating medium tank; 14. a second heat exchanger b;15. a low temperature refrigerant tank; 16. a high temperature refrigerant tank; 17. a liquid expander; 18. a liquid air storage tank; 19. a first pump; 20. an air separation unit; 21. a liquid nitrogen storage tank; 22. a noble gas outlet; 23. a second pump; 24. a first heat exchanger a;25. a first heat exchanger b;26. an expander; 27. a generator; 28. a nitrogen storage device; 29. a synthetic ammonia unit; 30. an ammonia fuel cell.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
The following describes a liquid air energy storage coupled ammonia production power generation system provided by an embodiment of the invention according to fig. 1. The liquid air energy storage coupling ammonia production power generation system comprises a new energy power generation unit, an air liquefaction unit, an air separation unit, a liquid nitrogen power generation unit, a synthetic ammonia unit and an ammonia fuel cell unit.
The new energy power generation unit is used for generating power and supplying power to the air liquefaction unit, and the air liquefaction unit is used for liquefying air into liquid air by using the power supply of the new energy power generation unit, so that the electric energy is converted into the internal energy of the air to store energy, and the energy storage process is realized. The air liquefaction unit is communicated with the air separation unit and is used for conveying liquid air to the air separation unit, the air separation unit is used for separating the liquid air, and the separation substances at least comprise liquid nitrogen, namely the air separation unit at least separates the liquid air into the liquid nitrogen.
The liquid nitrogen power generation unit comprises a pump, an expander, a power generator and at least one first heat exchanger connected in series, the air separation unit is communicated with the liquid nitrogen power generation unit, liquid nitrogen separated from liquid air is boosted by the pump and then sequentially input to a cold side of the first heat exchanger, the liquid nitrogen absorbs heat by the first heat exchanger and then becomes high-temperature high-pressure nitrogen, the high-temperature high-pressure nitrogen expands by the expander to work and drives the power generator to generate power, internal energy is converted into electric energy, and the power generation process is realized. The nitrogen after expansion work is transmitted to the synthetic ammonia unit by the liquid nitrogen power generation unit, and the synthetic ammonia unit synthesizes ammonia by using the nitrogen and the hydrogen. The synthetic ammonia unit is communicated with the anode of the ammonia fuel cell unit, and chemical reaction and power generation are carried out in the ammonia fuel cell unit, so that chemical energy is converted into electric energy, and the electric energy is used for generating power.
The liquid air energy storage coupling ammonia production power generation system provided by the embodiment of the invention has two working modes of energy storage and power generation. Under the energy storage mode, the system utilizes the surplus electricity of new forms of energy electric power to liquefy after compressing the air, obtains nitrogen after liquid air separation, and nitrogen participates in the chemical reaction synthesis ammonia as the raw materials. Under the power generation mode, the liquid nitrogen is transformed into nitrogen to absorb heat and then drive the expander to generate power, and the ammonia can drive the ammonia fuel cell to generate power outwards, so that multi-mode power generation is realized.
The liquid air energy storage coupling ammonia production power generation system provided by the invention realizes the production of feed gas, synthesis of ammonia and multi-mode power generation, aims to solve the problems of output fluctuation and local consumption of new energy power generation, solves the problems of high density, large scale and long-term energy storage of new energy power generation, and realizes the integrated multi-energy flexible supply of cold, heat, electricity and gas.
In some embodiments, the liquid air energy storage coupling ammonia production power generation system further comprises an electrolytic water unit, the new energy power generation unit is further used for supplying power to the electrolytic water unit, the electrolytic water unit is used for electrolyzing water into oxygen and hydrogen, the electrolytic water unit is communicated with the synthetic ammonia unit, the electrolyzed hydrogen is conveyed to the synthetic ammonia unit to provide the hydrogen for the synthetic ammonia unit, and the hydrogen and the nitrogen participate in the reaction to synthesize ammonia. Under the energy storage mode, the residual electricity of the new energy power generation unit is utilized to electrolyze water into oxygen and hydrogen, and the electrolyzed hydrogen is used as a raw material to participate in a chemical reaction to synthesize ammonia, so that the problem of difficulty in hydrogen storage, transportation and utilization is solved.
Furthermore, the water electrolysis unit is also used for providing oxygen to the cathode of the ammonia fuel cell unit, so that the oxygen storage and transportation cost is reduced, and the complete utilization of the water electrolysis product is realized.
In some embodiments, the liquid air energy storage coupled ammonia-generating power system further comprises a hydrogen storage device and an oxygen storage device, both of which are in communication with the electrolyzed water unit. The hydrogen generated by the water electrolysis unit is stored in a hydrogen storage device, the hydrogen storage device is communicated with the synthetic ammonia unit to provide hydrogen for the synthetic ammonia unit, the oxygen generated by the water electrolysis unit is stored in an oxygen storage device, and the oxygen storage device is communicated with the cathode of the ammonia fuel cell unit to provide oxygen for the cathode.
Further, the air separation unit is also used for separating oxygen from liquid air, and the air separation unit is communicated with the oxygen storage device to store the separated oxygen in the oxygen storage device. That is, the oxygen storage device is used for storing oxygen generated by electrolysis of the electrolyzed water unit and oxygen separated by the air separation unit.
In some embodiments, the air liquefaction unit comprises an electric motor 8, a compressor 9, at least one second heat exchanger connected in series, a liquid expander 17 and a liquid air storage tank 18, the electric motor is powered by the new energy power generation unit, the electric motor 8 drives the compressor 9 to operate, the compressor 9 compresses air, an outlet of the compressor 9 is communicated with a hot side of the at least one second heat exchanger, the compressed air releases heat through the second heat exchanger and becomes high-pressure liquid air, an outlet of the second heat exchanger at the most downstream is communicated with an inlet of the liquid expander 17, and the high-pressure liquid air is expanded through the liquid expander 17, reduced in pressure and stored in the liquid air storage tank 18.
Preferably, the first heat exchangers of the liquid nitrogen power generation unit correspond to the second heat exchangers of the air liquefaction unit one by one, and the hot side of the first heat exchanger is communicated with the cold side of the second heat exchanger. The high-temperature refrigerant in the hot side of the first heat exchanger exchanges heat with liquid nitrogen (nitrogen) on the cold side and then becomes a low-temperature refrigerant, the low-temperature refrigerant enters the cold side of the second heat exchanger and exchanges heat with compressed air (liquid air) on the hot side and then becomes a high-temperature refrigerant, and the high-temperature refrigerant returns to the hot side of the first heat exchanger to continuously exchange heat to form refrigerant circulation.
In some embodiments, the liquid air energy storage coupling ammonia production power generation system further includes a low-temperature medium storage device and a high-temperature medium storage device, the low-temperature medium storage device is connected between the hot side outlet of the first heat exchanger and the cold side inlet of the second heat exchanger and is used for storing low-temperature refrigerant flowing out from the hot side outlet of the first heat exchanger, and the high-temperature medium storage device is connected between the cold side outlet of the second heat exchanger and the hot side inlet of the first heat exchanger and is used for storing high-temperature refrigerant flowing out from the cold side outlet of the second heat exchanger. In these embodiments, the compression heat of the compressed air is stored in the high-temperature medium storage device, and the storage of the compression heat is realized while the heat storage and the cold storage are realized.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a liquid air energy storage coupling ammonia production power generation method, the liquid air energy storage coupling ammonia production power generation method is based on the liquid air energy storage coupling ammonia production power generation system of any one of the embodiments, the liquid air energy storage coupling ammonia production power generation system has an energy storage mode and a power generation mode, and the liquid air energy storage coupling ammonia production power generation method comprises the following steps:
in the energy storage mode, the new energy power generation unit supplies power to the air liquefaction unit, the air liquefaction unit liquefies the air into liquid air, the air separation unit separates the liquid air into liquid nitrogen, and the synthetic ammonia unit synthesizes and stores the ammonia by using the nitrogen stored in the previous power generation mode;
in the power generation mode, the liquid nitrogen power generation unit generates power by using liquid nitrogen, stores the nitrogen after expansion work, and the ammonia stored in the ammonia synthesis unit enters the anode of the ammonia fuel unit to generate power by the ammonia fuel cell unit.
In an embodiment where the liquid air energy storage coupled ammonia-generating power system includes an electrolytic water unit, the liquid air energy storage coupled ammonia-generating power method further includes:
in the energy storage mode, the new energy power generation unit supplies power to the water electrolysis unit, the water electrolysis unit electrolyzes water into oxygen and hydrogen and stores the oxygen and the hydrogen, and the water electrolysis unit provides the hydrogen for the ammonia synthesis unit;
in the power generation mode, oxygen stored in the electrolyzed water unit enters the cathode of the ammonia fuel cell.
The following describes the liquid air energy storage coupled ammonia-generating system and the liquid air energy storage coupled ammonia-generating method in an embodiment of the invention in detail with reference to fig. 1. The dashed connecting lines in fig. 1 represent the current paths and the solid lines represent the working medium paths.
As shown in fig. 1, the liquid air energy storage coupling ammonia production power generation system includes a new energy power generation unit, an air liquefaction unit, an air separation unit 20, a liquid nitrogen power generation unit, a synthetic ammonia unit 29, an ammonia fuel cell 30, and an electrolytic water unit 4. The liquid air energy storage coupling ammonia production power generation system has an energy storage mode and a power generation mode.
In this embodiment, the new energy power generation unit is a photovoltaic unit, and the photovoltaic unit is used for converting solar energy into electric energy. Therefore, in the embodiment, the photovoltaic residual electricity is used as an electric energy source for storing energy. When sunlight is sufficient, the photovoltaic unit generates electricity, and the liquid air energy storage coupling ammonia production power generation system is in an energy storage mode; when sunlight is insufficient, the photovoltaic unit cannot generate electricity, and the liquid air energy storage coupling ammonia production power generation system is in a power generation mode.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the new energy power generation unit includes a photovoltaic module 1, a transformer 2, and an inverter 3, when sunlight is sufficient, the photovoltaic module 1 generates direct current under the irradiation of sunlight, a part of the direct current supplies power to the electrolytic water unit 4 through the transformer 2, and the other part of the direct current is converted into alternating current through the inverter 3, and is used by industrial equipment or residents.
The oxygen outlet of the electrolytic water unit 4 is communicated with the oxygen storage device 6, and the hydrogen outlet is communicated with the hydrogen storage device 7. Purified water enters the electrolytic water unit 4 from the water inlet 5, the water is electrolyzed in the electrolytic water unit 4 into oxygen and hydrogen, the oxygen enters the oxygen storage device 6 for storage, and the hydrogen enters the hydrogen storage device 7 for storage.
The air liquefaction unit comprises an electric motor 8, a compressor 9, a second heat exchanger a 11, a second heat exchanger b 14, a liquid expander 17, and a liquid air storage tank 18. The motor 8 is powered by the alternating current output from the inverter 3, the motor 8 drives the compressor 9 to operate, clean air is sucked from the air inlet 10, the compressor 9 compresses the air, and the temperature and the pressure of the compressed air are increased. An outlet of the compressor 9 is communicated with a hot side inlet of the second heat exchanger a 11, and a hot side outlet of the second heat exchanger a 11 is communicated with a hot side inlet of the second heat exchanger b 14. The outlet of the hot side of the second heat exchanger b 1 is communicated with the inlet of a liquid expander 17, the liquid expander 17 is used for expanding liquid air, and the outlet of the liquid expander 17 is communicated with a liquid air storage tank 18. The liquid air storage tank 18 is used to store liquid air.
Between the outlet of the liquid air storage tank 18 and the inlet of the air separation unit 20 there is a first pump 19, the first pump 19 being arranged to drive the liquid air stored in the liquid air storage tank 18 into the air separation unit 20. The air separation unit 20 has an oxygen outlet, a liquid nitrogen outlet and a rare gas outlet, the oxygen outlet is communicated with the oxygen storage device 6, and the liquid nitrogen outlet is communicated with the liquid nitrogen storage tank 21.
The liquid nitrogen power generation unit includes an expander 26, a generator 27, a first heat exchanger a 24, a first heat exchanger b 25, a second pump 23, and a nitrogen storage device 28, an outlet of the liquid nitrogen storage tank 21 communicates with a cold-side inlet of the first heat exchanger a 24, and the second pump 23 is connected between the outlet of the liquid nitrogen storage tank 21 and the cold-side inlet of the first heat exchanger a 24, for inputting the liquid nitrogen stored in the liquid nitrogen storage tank 21 to a cold side of the first heat exchanger a 24. The cold-side outlet of the first heat exchanger a 24 is communicated with the cold-side inlet of the first heat exchanger b 25, the cold-side outlet of the first heat exchanger b 25 is communicated with the inlet of an expansion machine 26, the expansion machine 26 is used for driving a generator 27 to generate electricity, the outlet of the expansion machine 26 is communicated with a nitrogen storage device 28, and the nitrogen storage device 28 is used for storing expanded nitrogen.
The liquid air energy storage coupling ammonia-making power generation system further comprises a low-temperature heat exchange medium storage device and a high-temperature heat exchange medium storage device, and the low-temperature heat exchange medium storage device comprises a low-temperature heat medium tank 12 and a low-temperature refrigerant tank 15. The high-temperature heat exchange medium storage device comprises a high-temperature heat medium tank 13 and a high-temperature refrigerant tank 16. The low temperature heat medium tank 12 is connected between a hot side outlet of the first heat exchanger b 25 and a cold side inlet of the second heat exchanger a 11, for storing the low temperature heat medium, and the high temperature heat medium tank 13 is connected between a cold side outlet of the second heat exchanger a 11 and a hot side inlet of the first heat exchanger b 25, for storing the high temperature heat medium, which is used for storing the compression heat of the compressed air. The low-temperature refrigerant tank 15 is connected between a hot side outlet of the first heat exchanger a 24 and a cold side inlet of the second heat exchanger b 14 and used for storing low-temperature refrigerants, the low-temperature refrigerants are used for storing cold energy of liquid nitrogen, and the high-temperature refrigerant tank 16 is connected between a cold side outlet of the second heat exchanger b 14 and a hot side inlet of the first heat exchanger a 24 and used for storing high-temperature refrigerants.
It should be noted that, the definitions of "low temperature" and "high temperature" in the low temperature heat exchange medium storage device and the high temperature heat exchange medium storage device are relative terms, for example, in this embodiment, the low temperature heat medium tank 12 and the high temperature heat medium tank 13 are the corresponding low temperature heat exchange medium storage device and high temperature heat exchange medium storage device, the temperature of the heat medium in the low temperature heat medium tank 12 is lower than the temperature of the heat medium in the high temperature heat medium tank 13, the low temperature refrigerant tank 15 and the high temperature refrigerant tank 16 are the corresponding low temperature heat exchange medium storage device and high temperature heat exchange medium storage device, and the temperature of the refrigerant in the low temperature refrigerant tank 15 is lower than the temperature of the refrigerant in the high temperature refrigerant tank 16. The temperature of the heating medium in the low-temperature heating medium tank 12 is not comparable to the temperature of the refrigerant in the low-temperature refrigerant tank 15, and the temperature of the heating medium in the low-temperature heating medium tank 12 may be higher or lower than the temperature of the refrigerant in the low-temperature refrigerant tank 15. Similarly, the temperature of the heating medium in the high-temperature heating medium tank 13 is not comparable to the temperature of the refrigerant in the high-temperature refrigerant tank 16, and the temperature of the heating medium in the high-temperature heating medium tank 13 may be higher or lower than the temperature of the refrigerant in the high-temperature refrigerant tank 16. In some alternative embodiments, the temperature of the heating medium in both the low temperature heating medium tank 12 and the high temperature heating medium tank 13 may be higher than the temperature of the cooling medium in both the low temperature cooling medium tank 15 and the high temperature cooling medium tank 16.
The outlet of the nitrogen storage device 28 is communicated with the synthetic ammonia unit 29 and used for conveying the raw material nitrogen of the synthetic ammonia to the synthetic ammonia unit 29, and the outlet of the hydrogen storage device 7 is communicated with the synthetic ammonia unit 29 and used for conveying the raw material hydrogen of the synthetic ammonia to the synthetic ammonia unit 29. The ammonia synthesis unit 29 is used for synthesizing ammonia and storing ammonia. The outlet of the synthetic ammonia unit 29 is communicated with the anode of the ammonia fuel cell 30, and the outlet of the oxygen storage device 6 is communicated with the cathode of the ammonia fuel cell 30. Chemical reactions occur within the ammonia fuel cell 30 and electrical energy is generated.
The heating media in the low-temperature heating medium tank 12 and the high-temperature heating medium tank 13 are selected according to the heat storage temperature of the system: the heat storage temperature is within 200 ℃, high-pressure water can be used as a heating medium, the heat storage temperature is within 100-350 ℃, heat conduction oil can be used as a heating medium, and the heat storage temperature is within 200-600 ℃, and molten salt can be used as a heating medium. In other embodiments, the low temperature heat medium tank 12, the high temperature heat medium tank 13, and the corresponding first heat exchanger and second heat exchanger may be plural according to the number of stages of the compressor, which is not limited in the present invention.
The refrigerants in the low-temperature refrigerant tank 15 and the high-temperature refrigerant tank 16 can adopt one or a combination of several low-temperature-resistant organic working media. There may be a plurality of low-temperature refrigerant tanks 15, high-temperature refrigerant tanks 16, and corresponding first heat exchangers and second heat exchangers, so as to implement wide temperature range cold storage, which is not limited in the present invention.
In the energy storage mode, the photovoltaic module 1 generates direct current under the irradiation of sunlight, one part of the direct current supplies power to the water electrolysis unit 4 through the transformer 2, and the other part of the direct current is changed into alternating current through the inverter 3 to be used by industrial equipment or residents and the like. Purified water enters the electrolytic water unit 4 from the water inlet 5, the water is electrolyzed in the electrolytic water unit 4 into oxygen and hydrogen, the oxygen enters the oxygen storage device 6 for storage, and the hydrogen enters the hydrogen storage device 7 for storage.
The ac power output from the inverter 3 supplies power to the motor 8, drives the compressor 9 to operate, sucks and compresses clean air from the air inlet 10, and the temperature and pressure of the compressed air are raised. The high-temperature and high-pressure air flowing out of the outlet of the compressor 9 firstly enters the hot side of the second heat exchanger a 11, and the temperature is reduced after heat is released to the heat medium on the cold side. The heat medium on the cold side of the second heat exchanger a 11 comes from the low-temperature heat medium tank 12, and the heat medium absorbs heat in the second heat exchanger a 11, then the temperature of the heat medium is increased, and the heat medium enters the high-temperature heat medium tank 13 for storage. The high-pressure air flowing out of the hot side of the second heat exchanger a 11 continuously enters the hot side of the second heat exchanger b 14 to release heat, and is cooled into liquid air by the refrigerant on the cold side, the refrigerant on the cold side of the second heat exchanger b 14 comes from the low-temperature refrigerant tank 15, and the temperature of the refrigerant is increased after the refrigerant absorbs heat in the second heat exchanger b 14 and enters the high-temperature refrigerant tank 16 to be stored. The liquid air flowing out of the hot side of the second heat exchanger b 14 enters the liquid expander 17, the pressure and the temperature are reduced after expansion, the liquid air becomes a gas-liquid two-phase state, most of the gas-liquid two-phase state is liquid, the liquid air enters the liquid air storage tank 18 for storage, and the gaseous air returns the cold energy to the system and then is discharged.
The liquid air in the liquid air storage tank 18 flows into the air separation unit 20 under the driving of the first pump 19, in the air separation unit 20, the liquid air is separated into oxygen, nitrogen and rare gas through the processes of stepwise rectification, heat exchange and the like, the oxygen releases cold energy and then enters the oxygen storage device 6 in a gaseous state for storage, the nitrogen enters the liquid nitrogen storage tank 21 in a liquid state for storage, and the rare gas can be stored according to the type for subsequent sale.
The nitrogen storage device 28 stores gaseous nitrogen, which is a product of the last power generation mode, and the source of which will be described in detail below in the "power generation mode". The nitrogen in the nitrogen storage device 28 and the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device 7 are chemically reacted in the synthetic ammonia unit 29 to generate ammonia, and the product ammonia is stored in the synthetic ammonia unit 29.
In the power generation mode, the liquid nitrogen stored in the liquid nitrogen storage tank 21 is driven by the second pump 23 to be pressurized, flows into the cold side of the first heat exchanger a 24, and exchanges heat with the refrigerant at the hot side to cool the refrigerant at the hot side. The refrigerant on the cold side of the first heat exchanger a 24 comes from the high-temperature refrigerant tank 16, the temperature of the refrigerant is reduced after the heat is released, and the refrigerant enters the low-temperature refrigerant tank 15 to be stored so as to provide cold energy for liquefied air in the energy storage mode. The liquid nitrogen in the first heat exchanger a 24 absorbs the heat of the refrigerant and then vaporizes, enters the cold side of the first heat exchanger b 25 in the form of gas nitrogen, exchanges heat with the heat medium at the hot side, absorbs the heat of the heat medium at the hot side, and is changed into high-temperature and high-pressure nitrogen. The heat medium on the hot side of the first heat exchanger b 25 comes from the high-temperature heat medium tank 13, and the temperature of the heat medium is reduced after heat is released, and the heat medium enters the low-temperature heat medium tank 12 for storage. The high-temperature high-pressure nitrogen flowing out of the cold side outlet of the first heat exchanger b 25 enters the expander 26 to expand and do work, the generator 27 is driven to generate electricity, and the generated electricity can be used by industry or residents. The low pressure nitrogen gas from the expander 26 is stored in the nitrogen storage device 28 for use with hydrogen as the feed gas for ammonia synthesis in the energy storage mode of the next stage.
The ammonia stored in the ammonia synthesis unit 29 enters the anode of the ammonia fuel cell 30, and the oxygen in the oxygen storage device 6 enters the cathode of the ammonia fuel cell 30. The ammonia fuel cell 30 supplies electricity to the outside through a chemical reaction between ammonia and oxygen, and the generated electric energy is used by industry or residents.
In the power generation mode, the power generation modes of the power generator 27 and the ammonia fuel cell 30 can be flexibly adjusted in proportion according to actual power utilization requirements so as to deal with scenes requiring long-time power supply due to environment, weather and the like, and the two power generation modes can be mutually powered so as to optimize the starting process of the system.
The energy storage mode process and the power generation mode process form a cycle. In the energy storage mode, the liquid air energy storage coupling ammonia production power generation system provided by the embodiment of the invention simultaneously realizes heat storage, oxygen storage, hydrogen storage, liquid nitrogen storage, ammonia synthesis and the like by using new energy power; and cold storage and power supply are carried out in a power generation mode, and the power supply mode comprises power generation by utilizing nitrogen expansion and power generation by utilizing an ammonia fuel cell. Besides the main functions of energy storage and power supply, the system can also utilize a heating medium to provide high-grade heat, utilize a refrigerant to provide high-grade cold and provide products such as oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, ammonia, rare gas and the like to expand an industrial chain and improve economic benefits.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, but are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element so referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated in a particular manner, and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or to implicitly indicate the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless explicitly specified otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "fixed," and the like are to be construed broadly, e.g., as being permanently connected, detachably connected, or integral; may be mechanically coupled, may be electrically coupled or may be in communication with each other; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations by those of ordinary skill in the art.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through an intermediate. Also, a first feature "on," "above," and "over" a second feature may be directly on or obliquely above the second feature, or simply mean that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
In the present disclosure, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples" and the like mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present disclosure. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A liquid air energy storage coupling system ammonia power generation system, its characterized in that includes:
the system comprises a new energy power generation unit and an air liquefaction unit, wherein the new energy power generation unit is used for generating power and supplying power to the air liquefaction unit, and the air liquefaction unit is used for liquefying air into liquid air;
an air separation unit to which the air liquefaction unit delivers liquid air, the air separation unit for separating the liquid air, the separation material comprising at least liquid nitrogen;
the liquid nitrogen power generation unit comprises a pump, an expander, a power generator and at least one first heat exchanger connected in series, liquid nitrogen separated by the air separation unit is boosted by the pump, enters the first heat exchanger, absorbs heat by the first heat exchanger and then is changed into high-temperature and high-pressure nitrogen, and the high-temperature and high-pressure nitrogen expands by the expander to do work to drive the power generator to generate power;
the synthetic ammonia unit is used for conveying the nitrogen after expansion work to the synthetic ammonia unit, and the synthetic ammonia unit synthesizes ammonia by using the nitrogen and the hydrogen;
and the ammonia synthesis unit is communicated with the anode of the ammonia fuel cell unit and inputs ammonia, and the ammonia and the oxygen at the cathode generate chemical reaction and generate electricity.
2. The liquid air energy storage coupling ammonia-generating power system of claim 1, further comprising an electrolyzed water unit, wherein the new energy power unit is further configured to supply power to the electrolyzed water unit, wherein the electrolyzed water unit is configured to electrolyze water into oxygen and hydrogen, and wherein the electrolyzed water unit is configured to provide hydrogen to the synthetic ammonia unit.
3. The liquid air energy storage coupled ammonia-generating power system of claim 2, wherein the electrolyzed water unit is further configured to provide oxygen to a cathode of the ammonia fuel cell unit.
4. The liquid air energy storage coupled ammonia-generating power system of claim 2, further comprising a hydrogen storage device and an oxygen storage device, both of which are in communication with the electrolyzed water unit.
5. The liquid air energy storage coupled ammonia-generating power system of claim 4, wherein the separation substance further comprises oxygen, and the air separation unit stores the separated oxygen in the oxygen storage device.
6. The liquid air energy storage coupling ammonia-production power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the air liquefaction unit comprises an electric motor, a compressor, at least one second heat exchanger connected in series, a liquid expander and a liquid air storage tank, the new energy power generation unit supplies power to the electric motor, the electric motor drives the compressor to operate, compressed air at an outlet of the compressor is changed into high-pressure liquid air after releasing heat through the second heat exchanger, and the high-pressure liquid air is expanded and depressurized through the liquid expander and then stored in the liquid air storage tank.
7. The liquid air energy storage coupling ammonia-generating power generation system of claim 6, wherein the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger are in one-to-one correspondence and a hot side of the first heat exchanger is communicated with a cold side of the second heat exchanger.
8. The liquid air energy storage coupled ammonia-generating power generation system of claim 7, further comprising a cryogenic medium storage device and a high temperature medium storage device, the cryogenic medium storage device connected between the first heat exchanger hot side outlet and the second heat exchanger cold side inlet, the high temperature medium storage device connected between the second heat exchanger cold side outlet and the first heat exchanger hot side inlet.
9. A liquid air energy storage coupling ammonia production power generation method, wherein the liquid air energy storage coupling ammonia production power generation method is based on the liquid air energy storage coupling ammonia production power generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, the liquid air energy storage coupling ammonia production power generation system has an energy storage mode and a power generation mode, and the liquid air energy storage coupling ammonia production power generation method comprises:
in an energy storage mode, the new energy power generation unit supplies power to the air liquefaction unit, the air liquefaction unit liquefies air into liquid air, the air separation unit separates the liquid air into liquid nitrogen, and the synthetic ammonia unit synthesizes and stores ammonia by using nitrogen stored in the previous power generation mode;
in the power generation mode, the liquid nitrogen power generation unit generates power by using liquid nitrogen, stores the nitrogen after expansion work, and the ammonia stored in the synthetic ammonia unit enters the anode of the ammonia fuel unit to generate power.
10. The method for generating electricity by coupling liquid air and stored energy with ammonia as claimed in claim 9, wherein the method further comprises:
in an energy storage mode, the new energy power generation unit supplies power to the water electrolysis unit, the water electrolysis unit electrolyzes water into oxygen and hydrogen and stores the oxygen and the hydrogen, and the water electrolysis unit provides hydrogen for the synthetic ammonia unit;
in the power generation mode, oxygen stored in the electrolyzed water unit enters the cathode of the ammonia fuel cell.
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