CN115735762A - Breeding method for high-yield long-ear wheat new strain - Google Patents
Breeding method for high-yield long-ear wheat new strain Download PDFInfo
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- CN115735762A CN115735762A CN202211613002.9A CN202211613002A CN115735762A CN 115735762 A CN115735762 A CN 115735762A CN 202211613002 A CN202211613002 A CN 202211613002A CN 115735762 A CN115735762 A CN 115735762A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture and breeding, and discloses a breeding method of a new high-yield long-ear wheat strain, which comprises the following steps: selecting a good wheat variety; establishing a double-field garden, wherein the double-field garden is divided into two groups of soil environments, namely common soil and fertile soil; carrying out breeding preparation on high-quality wheat seeds; the seeds are planted corresponding to two double-field gardens respectively, pollination and hybridization are carried out under natural conditions by adopting the same cultivation resources, fertile plants are marked and are harvested in a mixing way after the fertile plants are mature to form two groups of F0 generations, the F0 generation and the other high-quality wheat parent are planted in the double-field gardens when the F0 generation and the high-quality wheat are normally planted, the F0 generation and the high-quality wheat are hybridized, and the marked plants and the high-quality wheat are backcrossed to mature and harvest two F1 generation wheat seeds. The invention is beneficial to improving the purpose of high-yield wheat scions and simultaneously increasing the soil adaptability of wheat, so that the yield of the wheat of a new variety can be improved in relatively common land, and the purpose of increasing the yield is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture and breeding, in particular to a breeding method of a new high-yield long-ear wheat strain.
Background
Wheat breeding refers to the purposeful and planned acquisition of new wheat varieties required by people by utilizing gene recombination (through gene separation, free combination or linkage exchange to separate excellent characters or concentrate various excellent characters together) according to own wishes.
The existing Chinese patent (with the application number of 201910737183.8) and a method for water-saving high-quality winter wheat selection breeding are the first to solve the problems that one generation of winter wheat in one year is generally adopted during breeding, the breeding period is long, and the popularization of new wheat varieties is not facilitated; secondly, after the parents adopt high-quality wheat varieties and water-saving wheat to hybridize to obtain F0 generation when selecting the winter wheat water-saving high-quality varieties, breeding from the F1 generation to the high generation is directly carried out, and the high-quality stability of the wheat is poor; thirdly, the high quality and the water saving performance are compared in each generation of breeding, so that the test steps are complicated, the test workload is large, the actual new wheat strain is inevitably cultivated for multiple generations in the cultivation process, the cultivation mode lacks effective contrast in the cultivation process, the influence of the land on the wheat cannot be improved, the yield of the wheat planting is naturally relatively high due to the fact that the land is prepared and has a scientific management mode in the test field, and the land suitable for planting a wheat area, but not each land, has good land conditions;
the breeding method provided by the invention has high breeding efficiency and time and labor saving, and the breeding method of the invention completes the improvement of the breeding mode of wheat to ensure that the wheat variety is more stable, but the breeding method is lack of a mode of falling into the land, has no reason for the high yield of the wheat to be limited in a test field and a high-quality field, needs to achieve the effect of improving the yield in the planting process of a common farmland, and is beneficial to the popularization and use of one wheat line.
Therefore, we provide a breeding method for a new high-yield long-ear wheat line, which improves the soil adaptability of wheat by breeding and planting in a double-field nursery, performs hybrid hybridization by the double-field nursery, performs multiple seed selection and cultivation, and stably cultivates the wheat, so that the characteristics of the wheat long-ear are continuously improved, the purpose of high yield is achieved, the purpose of improving the high-yield ear of wheat is facilitated, and simultaneously, the soil adaptability of wheat is increased, so that the yield of the new line wheat can be improved in a relatively common land, and the purpose of increasing the yield is achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a breeding method of a new high-yield long-ear wheat strain, which solves the problems in the background art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a breeding method of a new high-yield long-ear wheat strain comprises the following steps: selecting a good wheat variety;
establishing a double-field garden, wherein the double-field garden is divided into two groups of soil environments, namely common soil and fertile soil;
carrying out breeding preparation on high-quality wheat seeds;
seeds are respectively planted corresponding to two double-field gardens, pollination and hybridization are carried out under natural conditions by adopting the same cultivation resources, fertile plants are marked and are harvested after the fertile plants are matured to form two groups of F0 generations, the F0 generation and another high-quality wheat parent are planted in the double-field gardens when the fertile plants are normally planted, the F0 generation and the high-quality wheat are hybridized, and the marked plants and the high-quality wheat are backcrossed to mature and harvest two F1 generation wheat seeds;
planting the two F0 generation seeds and the F1 generation seeds in the area between the double gardens, measuring the yield, and selecting the mature wheat with high yield of long ear strips in the double gardens to collect to form two F3 generations;
selecting and planting two F3 generation seeds in a provincial test field, carrying out hybrid cultivation on the two F3 generations, and forming an F4 generation after the seeds are mature;
ten acres of F4 generations are planted in provincial test fields, and the yield is measured per acre;
and hybridizing the F4 generation seeds respectively corresponding to the two F3 generations, planting the F5 generation seeds after hybridization respectively in a yield per mu, and measuring the yield.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, high-quality wheat seeds are soaked in tap water for 16h, then washed for 4 times at 20 ℃, then washed for 3 times in ionized water, added with NaN3 for soaking for 2h, shaken for 1 time every 0.5h, ventilated and dried, and then bagged and stored for 10 days.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, high quality wheat seeds are selected from the high yield ear cultivars and a plurality of cultivars are selected.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, two dual nurseries select areas of the same climate, the dual nurseries differing primarily in soil.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the planting process of the double-field nursery adopts a conventional planting mode, watering and fertilizing are periodically completed, and foliar fertilizer is sprayed in the booting period.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention improves the soil adaptability of wheat by breeding and planting in the double gardens, performs mixed hybridization through the double gardens, performs multiple seed selection and cultivation, and performs stable cultivation on the seeds, so that the characteristics of the wheat long panicles are continuously improved, the aim of high yield is achieved, the aim of improving the high yield panicles of the wheat is favorably fulfilled, meanwhile, the soil adaptability of the wheat is increased, and the yield of the new line wheat can be improved in relatively common land, thereby achieving the aim of increasing the yield.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.
The invention provides a technical scheme that: a breeding method of a new strain of high-yield long-ear wheat,
seed selection: selecting a good wheat variety; preferentially selecting high-yield and high-adaptability wheat varieties, wherein Lumai No. 15, yangmai No. 12 and Jimai No. 38 can be selected;
establishing a double-field garden, wherein the double-field garden is divided into two groups of soil environments, namely common soil and fertile soil;
the fertile soil adopts sandy loam and black soil, the wheat on the slightly acid and slightly alkaline soil can well grow, but the pH value of the soil which is most suitable for the growth of the high-yield wheat is between pH6.5 and 7.5, and the common soil adopts the conventional wheat field soil;
carrying out breeding preparation on high-quality wheat seeds;
treating the wheat seeds to be planted to prepare for planting;
seeds are respectively planted corresponding to two double-field gardens, pollination and hybridization are carried out under natural conditions by adopting the same cultivation resources, fertile plants are marked and are harvested after the fertile plants are matured to form two groups of F0 generations, the F0 generation and another high-quality wheat parent are planted in the double-field gardens when the fertile plants are normally planted, the F0 generation and the high-quality wheat are hybridized, and the marked plants and the high-quality wheat are backcrossed to mature and harvest two F1 generation wheat seeds;
the seeds are planted corresponding to a dual field nursery respectively, the high-yield wheat of the long ear is marked and harvested after the long ear is ripe, then the harvested F0 generation is planted again, and the harvested F0 generation and another high-quality wheat are planted in the dual field nursery, for example: ji wheat No. 38, hybridizing the F0 generation and the long ear, lu wheat No. 15 and Yang wheat No. 12, and harvesting two F1 generation wheat seeds, wherein the two F1 generation wheat seeds comprise four hybridized wheat;
planting the two F0 generation seeds and the F1 generation seeds in the area between the double gardens, measuring the yield, and selecting the mature wheat with high yield of long ear strips in the double gardens to collect to form two F3 generations;
planting 6 kinds of wheat seeds of both the F0 generation and the F1 generation in an area between two nurseries, measuring the seeds, and collecting wheat of the seed high-yield ear in the two nurseries to form two F3 generations;
selecting and planting two F3 generation seeds in a provincial test field, carrying out hybrid cultivation on the two F3 generations, and forming an F4 generation after the seeds are mature;
selecting and planting F3 generation seeds in a provincial test field, testing the quality of the F3 generation seeds, and selecting part of the F3 generation seeds for hybridization again;
ten acres of F4 generations are planted in provincial test fields, and the yield is measured per acre;
yield detection is carried out on the F4 generation seeds, and the long ear scions are collected;
hybridizing the F4 generation seeds respectively corresponding to the two F3 generations, planting the F5 generation seeds after the two generations are hybridized per mu, and measuring the yield;
and (3) hybridizing the F4 generation seeds respectively corresponding to two F3 generations, respectively planting the F5 generation seeds after the two hybrids in a per mu manner, checking whether obvious disease resistance defects exist in the F5 generation seed planting process, and simultaneously measuring the yield, wherein the F5 generation seeds are required to be planted respectively corresponding to a double nursery.
In the embodiment, high-quality wheat seeds are soaked in tap water for 16h, then washed for 4 times at 20 ℃, then washed for 3 times in ionized water, and simultaneously added with NaN3 to be soaked for 2h, and simultaneously shaken for 1 time every 0.5h, and then the seeds are ventilated, dried and bagged for 10 days;
the survival rate of the wheat seeds can be improved by pretreating the wheat seeds, and the sowing efficiency is improved.
In this embodiment, the high-quality wheat seeds require selection of a variety of the high-yield ear and selection of a plurality of varieties;
wherein Lumai No. 15, yangmai No. 12 and Jimai No. 38 can be used;
the Lumai No. 15 belongs to a semiwinter vernal wheat variety, the plant height is about 80-85 cm, the ear of wheat is approximately rectangular, the thousand kernel weight is about 43 g, the Lumai has stronger performance of resisting stripe rust, leaf rust and stem rust, and has better resistance to soil-borne flower and leaf diseases;
the plant height of Yangmai No. 12 is about 92 cm, each ear is about 34 grains, each thousand grains weigh about 40 g, the lodging resistance of the plant is poor, the powdery mildew and gibberellic disease resistance performance is moderate, the protein content is 11.5%, and the water absorption of gluten is 54%.
Jimai No. 38 is a semi-winter, middle-early maturing wheat variety, has oval wheat grains, spindle-shaped wheat ears with a plant height of about 75 cm and a thousand grains weight of about 38 g, has a protein content of about 13.9%, and has the characteristics of drought resistance, saline-alkali resistance and powdery mildew resistance.
In the embodiment, two double-field gardens are selected from areas with the same climate, and the double-field gardens are mainly different in soil;
the double-field garden selects areas with the same climate, the double-field garden mainly adopts the difference of soil, the fertile soil adopts sandy loam and black soil, the wheat can grow well on the slightly acid and slightly alkaline soil, but the pH value of the soil which is most suitable for the growth of high-yield wheat is between pH6.5 and 7.5, and the common soil adopts the conventional wheat field soil.
In the embodiment, a conventional planting mode is adopted in the planting process of the double-field nursery, watering and fertilizing are completed regularly, and foliar fertilizer is sprayed in the booting period;
sowing, watering and fertilizing the wheat by adopting a conventional planting mode;
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION
Seed selection: preferentially selecting high-yield and high-adaptability wheat varieties, wherein Lumai No. 15, yangmai No. 12 and Jimai No. 38 can be selected;
establishing a double-field garden, wherein the double-field garden is divided into two groups of soil environments, namely common soil and fertile soil, the fertile soil adopts sandy loam and black soil, the soil has the characteristics that the wheat can grow well on the weak acid and weak alkaline soil, but the pH value of the soil which is most suitable for the growth of high-yield wheat is 6.5-7.5, and the common soil adopts the soil of a conventional wheat field;
treating the wheat seeds to be planted to prepare for planting;
seeds are planted respectively corresponding to two double-nursery gardens, the same breeding resources are adopted, pollination and hybridization are carried out under natural conditions, the high-yield wheat of the long ear scions is marked and harvested after the long ear scions are matured to form two groups of F0 generations, and the long ear scions and another high-quality wheat are planted in the double-nursery gardens by adopting the following steps: ji wheat No. 38, hybridizing the F0 generation and the long ear, lu wheat No. 15 and Yang wheat No. 12, and harvesting two F1 generation wheat seeds, wherein the two F1 generation wheat seeds comprise four hybridized wheat;
planting 6 kinds of wheat seeds of both the F0 generation and the F1 generation in an area between two nurseries, measuring the seeds, and collecting wheat of the seed high-yield ear in the two nurseries to form two F3 generations;
selecting and planting F3 generation seeds in a provincial test field, testing the quality of the F3 generation seeds, and selecting part of the F3 generation seeds for hybridization again;
yield detection is carried out on the F4 generation seeds, and the long ear scions are collected;
and (3) hybridizing the F4 generation seeds respectively corresponding to the two F3 generations, planting the two hybridized F5 generation seeds per mu respectively, checking whether the F5 generation seeds have obvious disease resistance defects or not in planting, and measuring the yield at the same time, wherein the F5 generation seeds are required to be planted respectively corresponding to a double-field garden.
While there have been shown and described what are at present considered the fundamental principles and essential features of the invention and its advantages, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing exemplary embodiments, but is capable of other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (5)
1. A breeding method of a new high-yield long-ear wheat strain is characterized by comprising the following steps:
seed selection: selecting a good wheat variety;
establishing a double-field garden, wherein the double-field garden is divided into two groups of soil environments, namely common soil and fertile soil;
carrying out breeding preparation on high-quality wheat seeds;
seeds are respectively planted corresponding to two double-field gardens, pollination and hybridization are carried out under natural conditions by adopting the same cultivation resources, fertile plants are marked and are harvested after the fertile plants are matured to form two groups of F0 generations, the F0 generation and another high-quality wheat parent are planted in the double-field gardens when the fertile plants are normally planted, the F0 generation and the high-quality wheat are hybridized, and the marked plants and the high-quality wheat are backcrossed to mature and harvest two F1 generation wheat seeds;
planting the two F0 generation seeds and the F1 generation seeds in an area between the two gardens, measuring yield, and selecting mature wheat with high yield of the long scions in the two gardens to collect so as to form two F3 generations;
selecting and planting two F3 generation seeds in a provincial test field, carrying out hybrid cultivation on the two F3 generation seeds, and forming an F4 generation after the seeds are mature;
ten acres of F4 generations are planted in provincial test fields, and the yield is measured per acre;
and hybridizing the F4 generation seeds respectively corresponding to the two F3 generations, planting the F5 generation seeds after hybridization respectively in a yield per mu, and measuring the yield.
2. The breeding method of the new high-yield long-ear wheat line of claim 1, wherein the breeding method comprises the following steps: soaking high-quality wheat seeds in tap water for 16h, washing for 4 times at 20 ℃, washing for 3 times in ionized water, adding NaN3, soaking for 2h, shaking for 1 time every 0.5h, ventilating and drying the seeds, bagging and storing for 10 days.
3. The breeding method of the new high-yield long-ear wheat line of claim 1, wherein the breeding method comprises the following steps: high quality wheat seeds require selection of high yield panicle varieties and selection of multiple varieties.
4. The breeding method of the new high-yield long-ear wheat line of claim 1, wherein the breeding method comprises the following steps: two twin gardens were selected for the same climate area, the twin gardens were mainly different in soil.
5. The breeding method of the new high-yield long-ear wheat line of claim 1, wherein the breeding method comprises the following steps: the planting process of the double-field nursery adopts a conventional planting mode, watering and fertilizing are completed regularly, and foliar fertilizer is sprayed in the booting period.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116784229A (en) * | 2023-07-19 | 2023-09-22 | 北京中农扩繁种业科技研发中心 | Breeding method of novel high-yield long-spike wheat line |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116784229A (en) * | 2023-07-19 | 2023-09-22 | 北京中农扩繁种业科技研发中心 | Breeding method of novel high-yield long-spike wheat line |
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