CN115728820A - OVT domain data interpolation method and system - Google Patents
OVT domain data interpolation method and system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an OVT domain data interpolation method and system. The method comprises the steps of dividing acquired seismic data into OVT slices, calculating the target distance from a seismic channel in a CDP surface element in the OVT slices to the center of the CDP surface element, and sequencing all seismic channels in the CDP surface element based on the target distance of the seismic channel to realize the calibration processing of the head of each OVT slice; carrying out data interpolation processing on each OVT slice subjected to lane header calibration to obtain interpolated seismic data, wherein the data interpolation processing comprises the following steps: and for any OVT sheet, detecting whether the OVT sheet has a CDP surface element without a seismic channel, if so, acquiring a conjugate OVT sheet of the OVT sheet, and performing interpolation processing on the CDP surface element corresponding to the conjugate OVT sheet by using a seismic channel. The invention can solve the problem that the prior art realizes interpolation by relying on adjacent seismic channels of the same OVT sheet to fill up a void, so that the accuracy of the interpolated seismic data is not high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of seismic exploration data processing, and particularly relates to an OVT domain data interpolation method and system.
Background
With the continuous depth of seismic exploration and the requirement of higher standard of exploration target, the application of wide azimuth seismic exploration becomes the mainstream direction of the development of seismic exploration technology. In recent years, high-density wide-azimuth seismic data processing techniques have been widely used, and Offset Vector Tile (OVT) -based processing has become a basic flow of wide-azimuth data processing. In a cross arrangement, a plurality of small rectangles are obtained by dividing the rectangles according to the distance between the gun lines and the distance between the detector lines at equal intervals, each small rectangle is an OVT, the size of the OVT is determined by the distance between the gun lines and the distance between the detector lines, each OVT is composed of a gun point in a limited range along the gun lines and a detector point in a limited range along the detector lines, the OVT has the distance between the gun lines and the azimuth angle in the limited range, and the number of OVTs generated by the cross arrangement is equal to the covering times. After each OVT number is marked, in the cross arrangement formed by all the shot lines and the wave detection lines, the set of all the OVTs with the same number forms an OVT sheet. Reflection points on each OVT sheet on seismic data acquired by a theoretical observation system are uniformly distributed, but the problem that the OVT sheets have empty channels is inevitably caused by the influence of a field construction environment.
In the prior art, an OVT interpolation method is used for seismic data with empty channels, however, the current OVT interpolation method mainly aims at data regularization and interpolation expansion. For example, chinese patent application publication No. CN111352158A discloses a seismic signal enhancement method and apparatus, in which interpolation operation is performed on seismic data of empty channels existing in seismic data of a gather of channels by OVTs, and the empty channels of the seismic data depend on seismic channels around the empty channel of the same OVT slice to solve for an interpolated channel. However, the amplitude and frequency of the seismic traces interpolated based on the method are determined by the adjacent seismic traces and the interpolation parameters, and there is a certain risk in amplitude and frequency. In summary, in the related art, interpolation is implemented by relying on adjacent seismic channels of the same OVT slice to fill up the hole, so that the difference between the interpolated data and the actual data is large, and the subsequent geological exploration effect is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an OVT domain data interpolation method and system, which are used for solving the problem that in the prior art, interpolation is realized by relying on the same OVT piece of adjacent seismic channels to fill up a cavity, so that the accuracy of seismic data after interpolation is not high.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides an OVT domain data interpolation method, which includes: 1) Acquiring seismic data, converting the acquired seismic data into an OVT domain, and dividing OVT slices in the OVT domain, wherein each OVT slice comprises a plurality of CDP (continuous data stream) bins; 2) And (3) performing track head calibration treatment on each OVT sheet, wherein the track head calibration comprises the following steps: for any OVT sheet, aiming at each CDP surface element in the OVT sheet, calculating the target distance from the seismic channel in each CDP surface element to the center of the CDP surface element, sequencing all the seismic channels in the CDP surface element based on the target distance of the seismic channel, calibrating the sequencing result of each seismic channel to each channel head, and further realizing the calibration of the seismic channel in each CDP surface element of each OVT sheet; 3) Carrying out data channel-by-channel interpolation processing on each OVT slice subjected to the lane head calibration to obtain interpolated seismic data, wherein the data channel-by-channel interpolation processing comprises the following steps: and for any OVT sheet, detecting whether the OVT sheet has a CDP surface element without a seismic channel, if so, acquiring a conjugate OVT sheet of the OVT sheet, and performing interpolation processing on the CDP surface element corresponding to the conjugate OVT sheet by using a seismic channel.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are: the method comprises the steps of obtaining a plurality of OVT pieces based on seismic data, if it is determined that no seismic channel exists in a CDP surface element of the OVT pieces (namely, the OVT pieces have empty channels), obtaining conjugate OVT pieces of the OVT pieces, and using one seismic channel as data of the empty channels of the OVT pieces from the CDP surface elements corresponding to the conjugate OVT pieces so as to achieve the purpose of interpolation.
Furthermore, in order to better improve the accuracy of the seismic data after interpolation, the invention provides an OVT domain data interpolation method, which further comprises the step of taking the seismic channel borrowed from the CDP surface element corresponding to the conjugate OVT sheet as the seismic channel closest to the center of the surface element in the CDP surface element.
Further, in order to know the distance from different seismic channels to the center of the surface element, the invention provides an OVT domain data interpolation method, which further comprises the step 2) of sequencing in an ascending mode or a descending mode based on the target distance of each seismic channel.
Further, in order to perform noise removal on the seismic data, the invention provides an OVT domain data interpolation method, which further comprises the step of preprocessing the acquired seismic data in the step 1) and then converting the preprocessed seismic data into an OVT domain, wherein the preprocessing comprises at least one processing mode of deconvolution, residual static correction and spherical diffusion compensation.
Furthermore, in order to better remove noise from the seismic data, the invention provides an OVT domain data interpolation method, which further comprises the steps of performing spatial amplitude smoothing and frequency division noise suppression processing on the preprocessed seismic data.
Further, in order to accurately obtain the target distance, the invention provides an OVT domain data interpolation method, which further comprises the following steps:
wherein OFF lci Represents the target distance, BIN, of the ith trace of the cDPP surface element of the ith main line lcx Represents the center point x coordinate of the c CDP surface element of the l main measuring line lcy Denotes the bin center point y coordinate of the c CDP bin of the l main line, CMP lcix Indicates the first mainActual x coordinate of line c CDP surface element i channel, CMP lciy The actual y-coordinate of the ith trace of the ith inline CDP bin is shown.
Further, in order to better reduce the number of empty channels, the invention provides an OVT domain data interpolation method, further comprising the step 3) of interpolating by using data of seismic channels around a CDP bin if a CDP bin exists in the selected OVT slice and no seismic channel exists in the CDP bin corresponding to the conjugate OVT slice of the OVT slice.
The invention also provides an OVT domain data interpolation system, which comprises a memory and a processor, wherein the processor is used for executing the instructions stored in the memory to realize the OVT domain data interpolation method.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the OVT domain data interpolation method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a plan view of a plurality of OVT slices divided before processing in the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a plan view of the 1 OVT sheet of FIG. 2;
fig. 4 is a plan view of a conjugated OVT patch corresponding to the OVT patch shown in fig. 3;
FIG. 5 is a plan view of seismic trace reflection points based on the OVT slices of FIGS. 3 and 4 after interpolation;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of one main survey line seismic trace of OVT slices before trace-by interpolation according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a diagram of OVT slice main survey line seismic traces corresponding to FIG. 6 after interpolation by channel according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the overlay prior to interpolation of all OVT slices;
fig. 9 is a superimposed cross-sectional view of all OVT slices after interpolation.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and technical effects of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
OVT field data interpolation method embodiment:
the embodiment provides an OVT domain data interpolation method. In this embodiment, the OVT domain data interpolation method includes acquiring seismic data, converting the acquired seismic data to an OVT domain, and performing OVT slice division in the OVT domain, where each OVT slice includes a plurality of CDP bins; performing track head calibration treatment on each OVT slice; and performing data interpolation processing on each OVT slice subjected to the lane head calibration to obtain interpolated seismic data. According to the OVT domain data interpolation method, the problem that in the prior art, interpolation is realized by depending on the same OVT piece of adjacent seismic channels to fill up a void, so that the accuracy of the interpolated seismic data is low can be solved.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the OVT domain data interpolation method of the present invention. The specific process is as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: and acquiring seismic data and dividing OVT slices.
Specifically, in step one, the acquired seismic data is converted to the OVT domain, and OVT slice division is performed in the OVT domain. The seismic data may be raw data in the seismic acquisition data. The seismic data may be, but is not limited to, three-dimensional seismic data acquired by vibroseiss in high sand mountainous regions.
In this embodiment, the acquired seismic data may be seismic data in a Common Mid Point (CMP) gather. The CMP gather seismic data may be represented as D1. And sorting the CMP gather seismic data D1 to an OVT domain to obtain the OVT domain gather seismic data. OVT domain gather seismic data may be represented by D2. And (4) performing data screening according to the same number of the OVT, and splitting the OVT domain gather seismic data D2 into a plurality of OVT pieces of seismic data of the whole area. The number of OVT slices may be N. Each OVT piece of seismic data can be respectively used as D 2-1 、D 2-2 ……D 2-N Indicating that N is a non-zero natural number.
For the present embodiment, fig. 2 is a plan view of dividing a plurality of OVT slices before processing in the present invention. In fig. 2, the abscissa indicates the number (off nbx) of the OVT sheet in the X direction, and the ordinate indicates the number (off nby) of the OVT sheet in the Y direction. Fig. 3 is a plan view of the 1 OVT sheet of fig. 2. In fig. 3, the abscissa represents the actual lateral coordinate of the seismic data, and the ordinate represents the actual longitudinal coordinate of the seismic data. Taking seismic data acquired by vibroseis construction in a certain high and large sand mountain area as an example, acquiring CMP gather seismic data D1 in the area, dividing the CMP gather seismic data D1 into N OVT pieces to obtain a plane position diagram of each N OVT pieces shown in figure 2, and selecting one OVT piece in figure 2 to obtain a plane diagram of 1 OVT piece shown in figure 3. It can be seen from fig. 3 that voids exist within some of the surface elements of the OVT sheet.
In this embodiment, the acquired seismic data may be preprocessed prior to conversion to the OVT domain. The preprocessing may include at least one of data de-encoding, observation system definition, deconvolution, residual static correction, and spherical dispersion compensation. Thus, the noise of the seismic data can be preliminarily removed.
In this embodiment, the preprocessed seismic data may also be subjected to spatial amplitude smoothing, frequency division noise suppression, prior to conversion to the OVT domain. Therefore, the noise of the seismic data can be further removed, the suppression of the black triangle noise is completed, and the signal to noise ratio of the seismic data is improved.
Step two: and performing OVT slice header calibration.
And in the second step, calibrating the track head of each OVT slice. Each OVT slice includes a plurality of CDP (common depth point) bins. The CDP bins include seismic traces. The number of seismic traces in the CDP bins may be one or more. There are instances where there are no seismic traces within the CDP bins. And the CDP surface element does not need to carry out the calibration of the channel head when no seismic channel exists.
Specifically, the lane head calibration includes selecting any one of OVT slices, selecting any one CDP bin from the selected OVT slices, and calculating a target distance from a seismic lane in the CDP bin to a bin center of the CDP bin for the selected CDP bin. Wherein the target distance satisfies:
wherein OFF lci Represents the target distance, BIN, of the ith trace of the cDPN surface element on the ith main line lcx Denotes the BIN center point x coordinate, BIN, of the c CDP BIN of the l main line lcy Denotes the bin center point y coordinate, CMP, of the ith inline, cth CDP bin lcix Denotes the actual x coordinate of the ith trace of the cP surface element on the ith main line, CMP lciy The actual y-coordinate of the ith trace of the ith inline CDP bin is shown. OFF the target distance of each seismic trace lci And storing the data in the respective seismic channel heads to realize the calibration of the seismic channel head information. Thus, the target distance can be accurately obtained.
In the second step, the trace head calibration further comprises a target distance OFF based on the seismic trace lci Is used to order all seismic traces in the CDP bin. Wherein, the target distance OFF can be determined according to each seismic channel lci The sizes of the seismic channels are sorted in an ascending mode from small to large, and the OFF can also be determined according to the target distance of each seismic channel lci The sizes of the seismic channels are sorted in a descending manner from big to small. Therefore, the distance from different seismic channels to the center of the surface element can be obtained.
In step two, the ordering result for each seismic trace may be stored (i.e., calibrated) in the trace head of each seismic trace. The COV can be used for each calibrated seismic channel i And (4) showing. COV i Indicating the ith trace of the c CDP bin on the ith inline line. Therefore, the seismic channels can calibrate respective sequencing results to respective channel heads.
In the second step, the trace head calibration is respectively carried out on other CDP surface elements in the selected OVT slice by the trace head calibration method, and after the trace head calibration of the seismic channels in the selected OVT slice is finished, the trace head calibration is carried out on the seismic channels in other OVT slices by the trace head calibration method. Therefore, the calibration of seismic channels in the CDP surface elements of the OVT pieces can be realized. All OVT pieces of seismic data completing the calibration of the track head can be respectively used as D 3-1 、D 3-2 ……D 3-N And (4) showing.
In this embodiment, the header calibration for each CDP bin of each OVT slice may be performed synchronously or sequentially.
Step three: and performing OVT slice bypass interpolation.
Specifically, in the third step, data interpolation processing is performed on each OVT slice generated in the second step and subjected to lane header calibration to obtain interpolated seismic data. The data borrowing interpolation processing comprises a vacant channel confirming step and a borrowing interpolation step.
In the empty channel confirmation step, whether seismic channel COV exists in each CDP surface element of any OVT sheet or not is judged for any OVT sheet i If not, the corresponding CDP surface element has no seismic channel (namely, the CDP surface element has no seismic channel). This enables the determination of the empty lane.
In the channel-borrowing interpolation step, for the channel with the empty channel, acquiring a conjugate OVT sheet of the OVT sheet, and performing interpolation processing by a seismic channel from a CDP surface element corresponding to the conjugate OVT sheet. Specifically, a conjugate OVT slice of each OVT slice in which a void exists is selected based on the conjugation, and a corresponding CDP bin is obtained from the conjugate OVT slice. For the present embodiment, fig. 4 is a plan view of a conjugated OVT slice corresponding to the OVT slice shown in fig. 3. In fig. 4, the abscissa represents the actual lateral coordinate of the seismic data, and the ordinate represents the actual longitudinal coordinate of the seismic data. It can be seen from fig. 4 that there is a void in the bin of the conjugate OVT slice (i.e. there is no seismic trace in the bin), and the void position is different from that in fig. 3. And selecting data of one seismic channel from the CDP surface element corresponding to the conjugate OVT sheet as data of a hollow channel of the original OVT sheet so as to realize channel borrowing interpolation from the CDP surface element corresponding to the conjugate OVT sheet.
In this embodiment, since the seismic channels of the CDP bins of all OVT slices are sorted in step two, the seismic channels of the CDP bins in the screened conjugate OVT slice are sorted, and the seismic channel in the CDP bin corresponding to the conjugate OVT slice is the seismic channel closest to the center of the CDP bin in the CDP bin. For example, if the ascending sort is performed in step two, then the seismic traces are COV i The smaller the middle i is, the closer the middle i is to the center of the surface element, the seismic channel with i =1 is the closest seismic channel to the center of the surface element, and for the acquired conjugate OVT sheet, if COV is used cpi Seismic traces representing CDP bins in conjugate OVT slices, seismic trace COV cpi When i =1, the closer it is to the bin center of each CDP bin in the conjugate OVT sheet, the seismic channel COV is selected cpi Taking data of seismic trace with medium i =1 as empty trace of original OVT sheet(namely CDP surface element without seismic channel in original OVT slice), therefore, realize borrowing 1 channel interpolation from the data of conjugation CDP surface element when CDP surface element has no seismic channel, have guaranteed that the surface element has seismic channel. Thus, interpolation can be better borrowed from the conjugate OVT slice.
In this embodiment, if the CDP surface element of the selected OVT slice has no seismic channel, and the CDP surface element corresponding to the conjugate OVT slice of the OVT slice also has no seismic channel, the data of the seismic channel around the CDP surface element may be used to perform interpolation. Thereby, the number of empty lanes can be reduced even more.
In this embodiment, D may be used for each OVT seismic data after the channel-borrowing interpolation is completed 4-1 、D 4-2 ……D 4-N And (4) showing.
For the present embodiment, fig. 5 is a plan view of seismic trace reflection points of OVT slices after the interpolation processing based on fig. 3 and 4. The abscissa in fig. 5 represents the actual lateral coordinate of the seismic data, and the ordinate represents the actual longitudinal coordinate of the seismic data. FIG. 6 is a diagram of one main survey line seismic trace of OVT slices before trace-by interpolation according to the present invention; fig. 7 is a diagram of OVT slice main survey line seismic traces corresponding to fig. 6 after interpolation by channel. The abscissa in fig. 6 and 7 represents CDP bins, and the ordinate represents time. The unit of time is seconds. As can be seen from fig. 2 to 5, the number of bins with voids in the OVT slice after interpolation processing is reduced to a certain extent compared with the number of bins with voids in fig. 3. As can be seen from comparing fig. 6 and 7, the number of empty tracks is significantly reduced by adding more data to the OVT slice of fig. 7 after interpolation. Therefore, it can be further proved that the size of the void on the OVT slice can be reduced by using the OVT domain data interpolation method in the embodiment.
Step five: and (4) subsequent OVT domain processing.
In step five, the data is processed in the OVT domain based on the OVT slices obtained in step four.
For the present embodiment, fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the overlay before interpolation of all OVT slices; fig. 9 is a superimposed cross-sectional view of all OVT slices after interpolation. The abscissa in fig. 8 and 9 represents CDP bins, and the ordinate represents time. The unit of time is seconds. As can be seen from a comparison of the boxed regions in fig. 8 and 9, the continuity of the in-phase axis in fig. 9 is more continuous than that in fig. 8. Therefore, it can be further proved that the size of the void on the OVT slice can be reduced by using the OVT domain data interpolation method in the embodiment.
Based on the OVT domain data interpolation method of the embodiment, OVT piece division is carried out on the acquired seismic data in an OVT domain, the target distance from the seismic channel in the CDP surface element in the OVT piece to the center of the CDP surface element is calculated, and all the seismic channels in the CDP surface element are sequenced according to the target distance, so that the calibration processing of the channel head of the OVT piece is realized; if the calibrated OVT sheet has CDP surface elements without seismic channels, acquiring a conjugate OVT sheet of the OVT sheet, and using one seismic channel in the CDP surface element corresponding to the conjugate OVT sheet as data of a vacant channel of the OVT sheet so as to achieve the purpose of interpolation. The OVT domain data interpolation method can be applied to data processing of OVT domain seismic data, and can effectively solve the problem of large-area empty channels in the prior art.
OVT field data interpolation System embodiment:
the embodiment discloses an OVT domain data interpolation system. Through the OVT domain data interpolation system of the embodiment, the OVT domain data interpolation method introduced in the method embodiment of the present invention can be implemented.
In this embodiment, the OVT domain data interpolation system includes a processor and a memory. The processor is configured to execute instructions stored in the memory to implement the OVT domain data interpolation method in method embodiments of the present invention. The OVT domain data interpolation method has been described in detail in the above method embodiments, and for those skilled in the art, a corresponding computer instruction may be generated according to the OVT domain data interpolation method to obtain an OVT domain data interpolation system, which is not described herein again. The memory is for storing computer instructions generated according to an OVT domain data interpolation method.
The OVT domain data interpolation system based on the embodiment can solve the problem that in the prior art, interpolation is realized by depending on the same OVT piece of adjacent seismic channels so as to fill up a void and the accuracy of the interpolated seismic data is not high.
Claims (8)
1. An OVT domain data interpolation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Acquiring seismic data, converting the acquired seismic data into an OVT domain, and dividing OVT slices in the OVT domain, wherein each OVT slice comprises a plurality of CDP (continuous data stream) bins;
2) And (3) performing track head calibration treatment on each OVT sheet, wherein the track head calibration comprises the following steps: for any OVT sheet, aiming at each CDP surface element in the OVT sheet, calculating the target distance from the seismic channel in each CDP surface element to the center of the CDP surface element, sequencing all the seismic channels in the CDP surface element based on the target distance of the seismic channel, calibrating the sequencing result of each seismic channel to the head of each seismic channel, and further calibrating the seismic channel in each CDP surface element of each OVT sheet;
3) Performing data channel-by-channel interpolation processing on each OVT slice subjected to channel head calibration to obtain interpolated seismic data, wherein the data channel-by-channel interpolation processing comprises the following steps: and for any OVT sheet, detecting whether the OVT sheet has a CDP surface element without a seismic channel, if so, acquiring a conjugate OVT sheet of the OVT sheet, and performing interpolation processing on the CDP surface element corresponding to the conjugate OVT sheet by using a seismic channel.
2. The OVT domain data interpolation method according to claim 1, wherein the seismic trace borrowed from the CDP bin corresponding to the conjugate OVT slice is a seismic trace of the CDP bin closest to the center of the bin.
3. The OVT domain data interpolation method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in step 2) the sorting is performed in an ascending manner or a descending manner based on the magnitude of the target distance of each seismic trace.
4. The OVT domain data interpolation method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the acquired seismic data is preprocessed in step 1) and then converted to the OVT domain, wherein the preprocessing comprises at least one of deconvolution, residual static correction and spherical diffusion compensation.
5. The OVT domain data interpolation method of claim 4, wherein the preprocessed seismic data are spatially amplitude smoothed and frequency divided noise suppressed.
6. The OVT domain data interpolation method according to claim 1 or 2,
the target distance satisfies:
wherein OFF lci Represents the target distance, BIN, of the ith trace of the cDPP surface element of the ith main line lcx Denotes the BIN center point x coordinate, BIN, of the c CDP BIN of the l main line lcy Denotes the bin center point y coordinate of the c CDP bin of the l main line, CMP lcix Represents the actual x coordinate of the ith trace of the ith CDP element of the ith main line, CMP lciy The actual y-coordinate of the ith trace of the ith inline CDP bin is shown.
7. The OVT domain data interpolation method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in step 3), if the CDP bin exists in the selected OVT slice and there is no seismic channel in the CDP bin corresponding to the OVT slice of the OVT slice, the data of the seismic channels around the CDP bin is used for interpolation.
8. An OVT domain data interpolation system, comprising:
a memory and a processor for executing instructions stored in the memory to implement the OVT domain data interpolation method of any one of claims 1 to 7.
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