CN115715673A - Lung ventilation partition evaluation system based on degenerate electrode - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pulmonary ventilation partition evaluation system based on a degenerate electrode, which comprises an electrical stimulation module, an excitation power module, a signal acquisition module, a signal processing module, a pulmonary partition impedance calculation module and a pulmonary ventilation state evaluation module, wherein the electrical stimulation module is connected with the excitation power module; the invention adopts the degenerate electrode technology to simply partition the lung, establishes the functional relation between the lung ventilation state parameter and the lung partition impedance, and partitions the lung ventilation state to distinguish the quality of the lung ventilation state, thereby providing a basis for the primary diagnosis of doctors.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of lung function evaluation, in particular to a pulmonary ventilation partition evaluation system based on a degenerate electrode.
Background
The lung ventilation state is an important factor for judging the lung health degree of a human body, and has important reference values on the type and degree of airway obstruction, airway hyperresponsiveness and airway obstruction reversibility.
Parameters commonly used for the assessment of the state of lung ventilation include forced vital capacity FVC, forced expiratory volume in one second FEV1. These parameters may be used to determine the type of lung ventilation function and the severity of the ventilatory dysfunction.
In addition, in addition to lung function detection, it is generally necessary to confirm the lung ventilation state of different regions of the lung, and therefore, a partition technique capable of reflecting the lung ventilation state of different regions is required.
So far, electrical impedance tomography is generally used in clinical procedures, but most of the existing electrical impedance tomography systems adopt 16 electrodes, and also have 32 and 64 electrodes. Increasing the number of electrodes increases the resolution and imaging quality of the system, but increases the amount of data processing and places high demands on the computation speed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a pulmonary ventilation partition evaluation system based on a degenerate electrode, which comprises an electrical stimulation module, an excitation power module, a signal acquisition module, a signal processing module, a pulmonary partition impedance calculation module and a pulmonary ventilation state evaluation module;
the electrical stimulation module comprises 4 electrodes;
the four electrodes are arranged on the surface of the chest cavity of the user;
the excitation power supply module applies current excitation to the four electrodes respectively;
the signal acquisition module acquires voltage information of each electrode and transmits the voltage information to the lung partition impedance calculation module;
the lung partition module divides the cross section of the chest cavity of the user into four lung partitions; wherein each lung partition is provided with an electrode in the projection area of the surface of the user's chest;
the lung partition impedance calculation module processes voltage information of the electrodes and establishes a transfer impedance matrix between the voltage information and current excitation;
the lung partition impedance calculation module converts the transfer impedance matrix into a lung partition impedance matrix corresponding to a lung partition;
the lung partition impedance calculation module transmits a lung partition impedance matrix to a lung ventilation status evaluation module;
and the lung ventilation state evaluation module calculates to obtain lung ventilation parameters according to the lung partition impedance matrix.
Further, the user chest is a user chest, i.e. four electrodes are arranged on the surface of the user chest, and the lung partition module divides the user chest into four lung partitions in cross section.
Further, the transfer impedance matrix is as follows:
in the formula of U 1 (s)、U 2 (s)、U 3 (s)、U 4 (s) respectively representing voltage information output when the four electrodes are used as measuring electrodes; i is 1 (s)、I 2 (s)、I 3 (s)、I 4 (s) respectively representing the current excitations received when the four electrodes are the excitation electrodes; delta kj ＝Δ jk Node admittance for a network of four electrodes; h = j =1,2,3,4; and delta is determinant of the node admittance matrix.
Further, the step of the lung partition impedance calculation module converting the transferred impedance matrix into a lung partition impedance matrix corresponding to a lung partition comprises:
1) Converting the transfer impedance matrix (1) to obtain:
in the formula, impedance matrix
Impedance (L)
2) The modulus of the ith lung partition impedance will be calculated as:
in the formula, Z i Is the transformed zoned impedance model of the ith lung partition, i refers to the number of the thorax partition, i =1,2,3,4; w is a pi Is impedance Z (5-p)p (s) a rate of contribution to the ith pulmonary compartment impedance;
3) A lung partition impedance matrix is established based on the models of all lung partition impedances.
Further, the lung ventilation parameters comprise forced vital capacity FVC and forced expiratory capacity FEV1 in one second.
Further, the step of calculating lung ventilation parameters comprises:
1) Establishing an impedance curve of the pulmonary partition impedance changing along with time, and acquiring wave crests and wave troughs of the impedance curve;
2) Calculating the jth respiratory cycle T j (ii) a The respiratory cycle T j Is a neighboring peak value P j+1 、P j The time difference between them;
3) Calculating the respiratory rate RR, i.e.:
wherein h is the number of breathing cycles;
4) Calculating the difference (Δ Z) between adjacent peaks and valleys FVC ) j And taking the maximum value of the difference between adjacent peaks and valleys as the lung partitionVariation range of impedance modulus Δ Z FVC ；
Timing is started at the peak position, and the variation (delta Z) of the pulmonary partition impedance module value within 1 second is calculated FEV1 ) j Repeating the steps for h times, and taking the maximum variation of the lung partition impedance model and recording as delta Z FEV1 ；
5) Calculating lung ventilation parameters, namely:
in the formula, Z max Maximum modulus of lung partition impedance; p is a radical of f Denotes the proportionality coefficient, p s Representing power coefficient, p t Representing a constant coefficient.
Further, the lung ventilation parameters are used to assess a lung ventilation status rating;
further, the excitation of the current applied to the four electrodes by the excitation power supply module is a constant current source signal.
The technical effects of the invention are undoubtedly, and the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
according to the invention, by reducing the number of test electrodes, the calculation amount is greatly reduced, and meanwhile, the purpose of simple imaging of lung partitions can be achieved, and the ventilation state of the lung of each region is distinguished by a breathing curve.
The invention adopts the degenerate electrode technology to simply partition the lung, establishes the functional relation between the lung ventilation state parameter and the lung partition impedance, and partitions the lung ventilation state to distinguish the quality of the lung ventilation state, thereby providing a basis for the primary diagnosis of doctors.
The prior art needs at least 8 electrodes when lung imaging is carried out, the invention adopts a degenerate electrode technology, and the lung ventilation state of each subarea is reflected by the distribution of the subarea lung impedance while 4 electrodes are used for simple imaging.
The degenerate electrode technique is described as: 4 areas of lung impedance distribution can be measured by 4 electrodes, so that the lung ventilation state of each area is further reflected according to the lung impedance distribution.
And obtaining the impedance distribution of 4 lung subareas in the breathing process according to the established functional relation between the lung subarea impedance and the lung ventilation state parameter, and further reflecting the lung ventilation state of each subarea through the impedance distribution.
The invention utilizes the method of the degraded electrode to identify the lung ventilation state subarea, thereby providing a basis for the primary diagnosis of doctors.
The invention establishes an equivalent multiport network model of the cross section of the thoracic cavity, and divides the lung into 4 areas according to the difference of the relative positions of the electrodes;
according to the method, the functional relation between the mode of the lung impedance of different partitions and the impedance measured in a measurement mode is deduced;
the invention establishes a functional relationship between the zoned lung impedance and the lung function ventilation state parameter.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of a pulmonary ventilation compartmental assessment system using degenerate electrode based;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a lung partition;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a multiport network;
FIG. 4 is a graph of pulmonary compartmental impedance versus time;
fig. 5 shows the lung partition impedance modulus variation corresponding to the lung function parameter.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, but it should not be construed that the scope of the above-described subject matter is limited to the following examples. Various substitutions and alterations can be made without departing from the technical idea of the invention and the scope of the invention is covered by the present invention according to the common technical knowledge and the conventional means in the field.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1 to 5, the pulmonary ventilation regional assessment system based on the degenerate electrode comprises an electrical stimulation module, an excitation power module, a signal acquisition module, a signal processing module, a pulmonary regional impedance calculation module, and a pulmonary ventilation state assessment module;
the electrical stimulation module comprises 4 electrodes;
the four electrodes are arranged on the surface of the chest cavity of the user;
the excitation power supply module applies current excitation to the four electrodes respectively;
the excitation power supply module is used for exciting the current applied to the four electrodes into constant current source signals.
The signal acquisition module acquires voltage information of each electrode and transmits the voltage information to the lung partition impedance calculation module;
the lung partition module divides the cross section of the chest of the user into four lung partitions in a cross division mode; wherein each lung partition is provided with an electrode in the projection area of the surface of the user's chest;
the chest cavity of the user is the chest of the user, namely four electrodes are arranged on the surface of the chest of the user, and the lung partition module divides the cross section of the chest of the user into four lung partitions. The user's chest cross-section includes the full lung cross-section.
The lung partition impedance calculation module processes voltage information of the electrodes and establishes a transfer impedance matrix between the voltage information and current excitation;
the transfer impedance matrix is as follows:
in the formula of U 1 (s)、U 2 (s)、U 3 (s)、U 4 (s) respectively representing voltage information output when the four electrodes are used as measuring electrodes; i is 1 (s)、I 2 (s)、I 3 (s)、I 4 (s) respectively representing the current excitations received when the four electrodes are the excitation electrodes; delta of kj ＝Δ jk Node admittance for a network of four electrodes; k = j =1,2,3,4; and delta is determinant of the node admittance matrix. The node is an electrode.
The lung partition impedance calculation module converts the transfer impedance matrix into a lung partition impedance matrix corresponding to a lung partition;
the step of the lung partition impedance calculation module converting the transferred impedance matrix into a lung partition impedance matrix corresponding to a lung partition comprises:
1) Converting the transfer impedance matrix (1) to obtain:
in the formula, impedance matrix
Impedance(s)
2) The modulus of the ith lung partition impedance will be calculated as:
in the formula, Z i Is the zoned impedance mode of the i-th lung partition after transformation, i refers to the number of the chest partition, i =1,2,3,4; w is a pi Is impedance Z (5-p)p (s) a rate of contribution to the ith pulmonary compartment impedance;
3) A lung partition impedance matrix is established based on the models of all lung partition impedances.
The lung partition impedance calculation module transmits a lung partition impedance matrix to a lung ventilation status evaluation module;
and the lung ventilation state evaluation module calculates to obtain lung ventilation parameters according to the lung partition impedance matrix.
The pulmonary ventilation parameters comprise forced vital capacity FVC and forced expiratory capacity FEV1 within one second.
The step of calculating lung ventilation parameters comprises:
a) Establishing an impedance curve of the pulmonary partition impedance changing along with time, and acquiring wave crests and wave troughs of the impedance curve;
b) Calculating the jth respiratory cycle T j (ii) a The respiratory cycle T j Is a neighboring peak value P j+1 、P j The time difference between them;
c) Calculating the respiratory rate RR, i.e.:
wherein h is the number of breathing cycles;
d) Calculating the difference (Δ Z) between adjacent peaks and valleys FVC ) j And taking the maximum value of the difference between adjacent peaks and troughs as the variation range Delta Z of the impedance modulus of the lung subareas FVC ；
Timing is started at the peak position, and the variation (delta Z) of the lung subarea impedance module value in 1 second is calculated FEV1 ) j Repeating the steps for h times, and taking the maximum variation of the lung partition impedance model and recording as delta Z FEV1 ；
e) Calculating lung ventilation parameters, namely:
in the formula, Z max Maximum modulus of the lung sector impedance; p is a radical of f Denotes the proportionality coefficient, p s Representing power coefficient, p t Representing a constant coefficient.
The coefficients satisfy the following formula:
in the formula, user individual influence parameter xi L/W = L/W; l and W are the length of the long and short axes of the cross section of the thoracic cavity;
in this embodiment, the proportionality coefficient p f In a high-order parameter matrix ofElement p of (1) ft 、p ff 、p fs Coefficient of power p s Element p in the higher order parameter matrix of (2) sf 、p ss 、p st Constant coefficient p t Element p in the higher order parameter matrix of (2) tf 、p ts 、p tt As follows:
when Δ Z is Δ Z FEV1 When the calculated delta V is the calculated value FEV1M of the volume of the gas exhaled at the first second of the maximum exhalation, when the delta Z is the delta Z FVC Then, the calculated Δ V is the calculated value FVCM of forced vital capacity. A method of calculating lung function parameters is thereby obtained.
The lung ventilation parameters are used to assess a lung ventilation status rating;
specifically, the present embodiment calculates the ratio of the forced expiratory volume FEV1 and the forced vital capacity FVC in one second, and determines the level of the pulmonary ventilation state from the ratio, which is positively correlated with the level of the pulmonary ventilation state.
Parameters commonly used for the assessment of lung function status include: the lung function parameters MMEF, V25, V50, V75 and the like related to the expiratory flow rate are measured by forced vital capacity FVC, forced expiratory volume FEV1 in one second, peak expiratory flow rate PEF and forced expiratory phase.
Table 1 shows a lung ventilation status evaluation table used in this embodiment, and the system converts the change of the partitioned lung impedance model and the functional relationship between the change and the lung ventilation status parameter into a corresponding index for determining the condition of the lung partitioned ventilation status.
TABLE 1 grading basis of pulmonary ventilation status
The pulmonary ventilation status of the pulmonary partition includes normal, mild, moderate, severe and very severe disorders;
when the ratio of the forced expiratory volume FEV1 to the forced vital capacity FVC is more than 70% within one second, the lung ventilation state is normal;
when the ratio of forced expiratory volume FEV1 to forced vital capacity FVC in one second is in the range of 60 percent and 70 percent, the lung ventilation state is mild disorder;
when the ratio of forced expiratory volume FEV1 to forced vital capacity FVC in one second is in the range of [50%, 60%), the lung ventilation state is moderate obstacle;
when the ratio of forced expiratory volume FEV1 to forced vital capacity FVC in one second is in the range of [35%, 50%), the lung ventilation state is severe disorder;
when the ratio of forced expiratory volume FEV1 to forced vital capacity FVC is less than 35% within one second, the state of pulmonary ventilation is extremely severe.
The excitation power supply module is used for exciting the current applied to the four electrodes into constant current source signals.
Example 2:
the pulmonary ventilation partition evaluation system based on the degenerate electrode comprises an electrical stimulation module, an excitation power module, a signal acquisition module, a signal processing module, a pulmonary partition impedance calculation module and a pulmonary ventilation state evaluation module;
the electrical stimulation module comprises 4 electrodes; the four electrodes are arranged on the surface of the chest cavity of the user;
the steps of using a degenerate electrode-based pulmonary ventilation zone assessment system include:
1) Dividing the cross section of the thoracic cavity into four regions as shown in figure 1;
2) The multiport network test circuit for establishing the thoracic cavity model is, as shown in fig. 2, to apply excitation currents to four electrodes respectively, and then to measure a voltage value corresponding to each electrode, and to establish a 4 × 4 order transfer impedance matrix between an output voltage and an input current. The calculation method is as follows:
the network node equations are listed first:
because the multiport network is only composed of linear time-invariant resistor, inductor and capacitor elements, the node admittance matrix is a nonsingular symmetric matrix which is reversible and the inverse matrix is also a nonsingular symmetric matrix. Thus, it is possible to obtain:
Δ ij ＝Δ ji (2)
the formula (4) can be obtained by combining the formula (2) and the formula (3).
3) And converting the corresponding lung partition of the transferred impedance matrix into a 2 x 2-order lung partition impedance matrix, wherein the conversion process comprises the following steps:
further, a model of the pulmonary segmental impedance, denoted as the ith pulmonary segmental impedance:
in the formula, Z i Is the transformed partition impedance value of the ith lung partition, I refers to the number of the chest partition, I = I, II, III, IV; w is a pi Is impedance Z (5-p)p (s) rate of contribution to the ith pulmonary compartment impedance.
To evaluate the respiratory sensitivity of the lung partition impedance modulus and phase, the maximum (1.4) and minimum (0.05) values of the gas filling coefficient were taken as the beginning and end of expiration, respectively, and the lung partition impedance modulus corresponding to the maximum and minimum values was noted as Z i (s) (v＝0.05) And Z i (s) (v＝1.4) Using the maximum rate of change of the pulmonary partition impedance modulus, Δ | Z i (s)| max The respiratory sensitivity of the pulmonary partition impedance modulus is characterized, and the calculation expression is shown as the formula (6).
Similarly, the maximum rate of change of phase angle for the pulmonary segmental impedance is defined according to equation (7) as
And used to characterize the respiratory sensitivity of the impedance phase angle.
Stipulate Δ | Z pq (s)| max And
the larger the value of (f), the higher the breathing sensitivity of the module (or phase angle) corresponding to the pulmonary partition impedance.
5) Establishing a relationship between the lung ventilation state evaluation parameter and the lung partition impedance:
FVC (forced vital capacity) refers to the total amount of gas exhaled as quickly as possible in the best effort after forceful inhalation, and FEV1 (forced vital capacity in 1 second) refers to the total amount of gas exhaled as quickly as possible in the 1 st second after forceful inhalation. Both are the main parameters for evaluating the lung ventilation function, and the method for measuring the lung function parameters based on the tracing method is proved to be feasible by experimental researches, and the core idea is as follows: the lung partition impedance modulus variable quantity and the corresponding lung gas variable quantity are described one by one, and then the mathematical relationship between the two is constructed through function fitting.
Fig. 3 shows a time-varying waveform of the pulmonary segment impedance, with the ordinate representing the modulus of the pulmonary segment impedance and the abscissa representing the measurement time. P j And V j Respectively represent the wave crest and the wave trough of the pulmonary partition impedance curve in the jth breathing process, and two adjacent peak values P j And P j+1 The time difference between them is the respiratory cycle T j And will be referred to as the jth respiratory cycle. In order to reduce measurement error, the average value of continuous 3 respiratory cycles is taken as the respiratory cycle, and the reciprocal value is the respiratory frequencyRR is represented by formula (8).
The images of fig. 4 are used to illustrate the pulmonary segment impedance parameters that need to be recorded during measurement and calculation of FVC, FEV1, respectively.
Calculating the difference value (Delta Z) between two adjacent wave crests and wave troughs according to the drawn wave curve FVC ) j Taking the maximum value as the variation range Delta Z of the module value of the pulmonary regional impedance FVC . Starting timing from the peak, calculating the variation (Delta Z) of the impedance module value of the lung subareas within 1 second FEV1 ) j Repeating the above steps for 3 times, and taking the maximum value as Δ Z FEV1 。
Discovery of FVC and Δ Z based on a tracing method FVC 、ΔZ FEV1 There is a clear functional relationship with FEV1. And respectively carrying out data fitting on the two-term power functions to find that the fitting effect of the two-term power function is best, wherein the function expression is shown as the formula (9):
p in formula (9) f Denotes the proportionality coefficient, p s Representing the power coefficient, p t Representing a constant coefficient. When Δ Z is Δ Z FEV1 When the calculated delta V is FEV1; when Δ Z is Δ Z FVC Then, Δ V obtained is FVC, and thus the calculation methods of FVC and FEV1 were obtained.
Claims (8)
1. The pulmonary ventilation partition evaluation system based on the degenerate electrode is characterized by comprising the electrical stimulation module, the excitation power module, the signal acquisition module, the signal processing module, the lung partition impedance calculation module and the pulmonary ventilation state evaluation module.
The electrostimulation module includes 4 electrodes.
The four electrodes are arranged on the surface of the chest cavity of the user;
the excitation power supply module applies current excitation to the four electrodes respectively;
the signal acquisition module acquires voltage information of each electrode and transmits the voltage information to the lung partition impedance calculation module;
the lung partition module divides the cross section of the chest of the user into four lung partitions; wherein each lung partition is provided with an electrode in the projection area of the surface of the user's chest;
the lung partition impedance calculation module processes the voltage information of the electrode and establishes a transfer impedance matrix between the voltage information and current excitation;
the lung partition impedance calculation module converts the transfer impedance matrix into a lung partition impedance matrix corresponding to a lung partition;
the lung partition impedance calculation module transmits a lung partition impedance matrix to a lung ventilation status evaluation module;
and the lung ventilation state evaluation module calculates to obtain lung ventilation parameters according to the lung partition impedance matrix.
2. The degenerate electrode-based pulmonary ventilation zone evaluation system of claim 1, wherein the chest of the user is the chest of the user, i.e., four electrodes are disposed on the surface of the chest of the user, and the lung zone module divides the chest of the user into four lung zones in a cross-section.
3. The degenerate electrode-based pulmonary ventilation zone assessment system of claim 1, wherein the transferred impedance matrix is as follows:
in the formula of U 1 (s)、U 2 (s)、U 3 (s)、U 4 (s) respectively representing voltage information output when the four electrodes are used as measuring electrodes; I.C. A 1 (s)、I 2 (s)、I 3 (s)、I 4 (s) respectively representing the current excitations received when the four electrodes are acting as excitation electrodes; delta kj ＝Δ jk Node admittance for a network of four electrodes; k = j =1,2,3,4; Δ is the determinant of the node admittance matrix.
4. The degenerate electrode-based pulmonary ventilation zone assessment system according to claim 1, wherein the step of the lung zone impedance computation module converting the transferred impedance matrix into a lung zone impedance matrix for a corresponding lung zone comprises:
1) Converting the transfer impedance matrix (1) to obtain:
in the formula, impedance matrix
Impedance(s)
2) The modulus of the ith lung partition impedance will be calculated as:
in the formula, Z i Is the zoned impedance mode of the i-th lung partition after transformation, i refers to the number of the chest partition, i =1,2,3,4; w is a pi Is impedance Z (5-p)p (s) a rate of contribution to the ith pulmonary compartment impedance;
3) A lung partition impedance matrix is established based on the models of all lung partition impedances.
5. The degenerate electrode-based pulmonary ventilation zone evaluation system of claim 1, wherein the pulmonary ventilation parameters comprise forced vital capacity FVC, forced expiratory volume in one second FEV1.
6. The degenerate electrode-based pulmonary ventilation zone assessment system according to claim 1, wherein the step of calculating a pulmonary ventilation parameter comprises:
1) Establishing an impedance curve of the pulmonary regional impedance changing along with time, and acquiring wave crests and wave troughs of the impedance curve;
2) Calculating the jth respiratory cycle T j (ii) a The respiratory cycle T j Is a neighboring peak value P j+1 、P j The time difference between them;
3) The respiratory rate RR is calculated, i.e.:
wherein h is the number of breathing cycles;
4) Calculating the difference (Δ Z) between adjacent peaks and valleys FVC ) j And taking the maximum value of the difference between the adjacent peaks and troughs as the variation range Delta Z of the lung partition impedance modulus FVC ；
Timing is started at the peak position, and the variation (delta Z) of the pulmonary partition impedance module value within 1 second is calculated FEV1 ) j Repeating for h times, and taking the maximum variation of the lung partition impedance model and recording as delta Z FEV1 ；
5) Calculating lung ventilation parameters, namely:
in the formula, Z max Maximum modulus of lung partition impedance; p is a radical of formula f Denotes the proportionality coefficient, p s Representing the power coefficient, p t Representing a constant coefficient.
7. The degenerate electrode-based pulmonary ventilation zone evaluation system of claim 1, wherein the pulmonary ventilation parameter is used to evaluate a pulmonary ventilation status level.
8. The degenerate electrode-based pulmonary ventilation zone assessment system according to claim 1, wherein the current excitation applied to four electrodes by the excitation power module is a constant current source signal.
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