CN115711119B - Experimental method for monitoring cement channeling in real time by using borehole wall sticking acoustic system - Google Patents

Experimental method for monitoring cement channeling in real time by using borehole wall sticking acoustic system Download PDF

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CN115711119B
CN115711119B CN202211463394.5A CN202211463394A CN115711119B CN 115711119 B CN115711119 B CN 115711119B CN 202211463394 A CN202211463394 A CN 202211463394A CN 115711119 B CN115711119 B CN 115711119B
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area
sleeve
channeling
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CN115711119A (en
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陈雪莲
韩旺
张聪慧
郭辛阳
苏远大
王文梁
谭宝海
庄春喜
张凯
李盛清
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China University of Petroleum East China
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Abstract

The invention discloses an experimental method for monitoring cement channeling in real time by using a borehole wall sticking acoustic system, which comprises the following specific steps: firstly, placing acoustic wave transducers which are uniformly arranged in the annular direction in a cased well of a cement packer experimental measurement system; pouring the prepared cement paste between the casing and the stratum; respectively transmitting according to a time sequence, and respectively describing the cement strength of each region and the consolidation degree of the sleeve and the cement sheath in channeling through the received sleeve wave amplitude; step four, calculating attenuation of the sleeve wave by utilizing the amplitude of the sleeve wave received by the two receivers by utilizing the same transmitting transducer; step five, monitoring the sleeve attenuation value of the area in real time from cement pouring; step six, whether the channeling is transmitted to the area can be known through the change of the sleeve wave amplitude in each area. The invention can solve the technical problems of monitoring the cement bond state and the development form of cement channeling in real time in the cement packing experimental process.

Description

Experimental method for monitoring cement channeling in real time by using borehole wall sticking acoustic system
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of oil and gas field exploration and development, and relates to an experimental method for monitoring cement channeling in real time by using a borehole wall sticking acoustic system.
Background
Evaluation of cement sheath interval packability in oil and gas well development is a complex problem involving a series of influencing factors such as acoustic logging response, cement sheath interface bond strength, cement permeability, effective packing length, sheath pressure differential, fluid physical properties in formation pores, and the like. The description of channeling forms is not realized in the existing cement packing experiment measurement process. By channeling is meant channeling channels formed between the casing and the cement sheath or cement sheath and the formation due to lack of cement bond. The presence of channeling is extremely detrimental to oil well production. The packer differential pressure under the cementing length is measured through experiments, so that guidance can be provided for setting the threshold value of the well pressure in the field safety test and the safety exploitation process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an experimental method for monitoring cement channeling in real time by using a borehole wall-attached acoustic system, so as to solve the technical problems of monitoring cement bond status and development form of cement channeling in real time in the cement packing experimental process. Further, the formation of the channeling and the direction of the channeling are described by adopting the change speed of the amplitude of the casing wave of different sectors along with time in combination with the physical process of the cement sheath channeling of the casing well, and the direction of the channeling and the extending path of the measuring interval are given by combining the change rules of the amplitude of the casing wave of different sectors.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an experimental method for monitoring cement channeling in real time by using a borehole wall sticking acoustic system comprises the following specific steps:
Placing 12 sonic transducers in a casing well of a cement packer experimental measurement system, wherein 2 sonic transducers are mounted on one measuring arm, the measuring arms are axially arranged along the casing, 6 measuring arms are attached to the inner wall of the casing by a pushing device and are uniformly arranged in the annular direction, the two measuring arms are respectively marked as No. 1,2,3, 4, 5 and 6 measuring arms, the two adjacent measuring arm shafts are separated by 2ft up and down, the axial positions of the No. 1,3 and 5 measuring arms are consistent, the axial positions of the No. 2,4 and 6 measuring arms are consistent, the two probes of the No. 1 measuring arm are respectively marked as T1 and R1, the two probes of the No. 2 measuring arm are respectively marked as T2 and R2, and the like; wherein the part between the probe T2 and the probes R1, R3 is marked as area 1 and area 2, the part between the probe T4 and the probes R3, R5 is marked as area 3 and area 4, the part between the probe T6 and the probes R5, R1 is marked as area 5 and area 6, the part between the probe R1 and the probes R2, R6 is marked as area 7 and area 12, the part between the probe R3 and the probes R2, R4 is marked as area 8 and area 9, the part between the probe R5 and the probes R4, R6 is marked as area 10 and area 11, the part between the probe R2 and the probes T1, T3 is marked as area 13 and 14, the part between the probe R4 and the probes T3, T5 is marked as area 15 and area 16, and the part between the probe R6 and the probes T5, T1 is marked as area 17 and area 18;
step two, pouring the prepared cement paste between the sleeve and the stratum after the measuring acoustic system is fixed;
Step three, after cement slurry is poured in an annulus between the casing and the stratum, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6 are respectively transmitted according to time sequences, R2, R3, R5 and R6 are received during T1 transmission, and cement strength of areas 13, 8, 11 and 18 and consolidation degree of the casing and a cement ring during channeling are respectively marked through the amplitude of received casing waves; r1, R3, R4 and R6 are received during T2 emission, and the cement strength of the areas 1, 2, 9 and 12 are respectively marked through the received sleeve wave amplitude, and the consolidation degree of the sleeve and the cement sheath during channeling is improved; r1, R2, R4 and R5 are received during T3 emission, and the cement strength of the areas 7, 14, 15 and 10 are respectively marked through the received sleeve wave amplitude, and the consolidation degree of the sleeve and the cement sheath during channeling is achieved; r2, R3, R5 and R6 are received during T4 emission, and the cement strength of the areas 8, 3, 4 and 11 are respectively marked through the received sleeve wave amplitude, and the consolidation degree of the sleeve and the cement sheath during channeling is improved; r1, R3, R4 and R6 are received during T5 emission, and the cement strength of the areas 12, 9, 16 and 17 are respectively marked through the received sleeve wave amplitude, and the consolidation degree of the sleeve and the cement sheath during channeling is achieved; r1, R2, R4 and R5 are received during T6 emission, and the cement strength of the areas 6, 7, 10 and 5 are respectively marked through the received sleeve wave amplitude, and the consolidation degree of the sleeve and the cement sheath during channeling is improved;
Step four, calculating attenuation of the sleeve wave by using the same transmitting transducer and the sleeve wave amplitudes received by two receivers, wherein a calculation formula is shown in a formula (1), in a region 5, attenuation values are calculated by using the sleeve wave amplitudes received by T1 and T4 and R2 and R3 respectively, and the two attenuation values average the cement strength of the corresponding region 5 or the consolidation degree between the sleeve and a cement sheath;
Att=20/L*log10(Amp Near-to-near /Amp Far distance ) (1)
L is the distance between the two probes, and Amp Near-to-near 、Amp Far distance is the amplitude of the sleeve wave received by the near receiving transducer and the far receiving transducer respectively;
Step five, monitoring the attenuation value of the sleeve wave in the area in real time from cement pouring, increasing the cement strength along with the increase of time, gradually increasing the attenuation of the sleeve wave, and if the variation amplitude of the attenuation value of the sleeve wave, which is stabilized near a certain value, is +/-0.5 dB/ft in 2 hours of continuous observation, indicating that the cement strength is stabilized;
Step six, after the cement strength is stable, starting experimental measurement of cement packing performance, arranging pressure detection ports on the upper end face and the lower end face of a cement sheath, and gradually pressurizing the lower end of the cement sheath at the pressurizing point to observe the pressure change of the upper end; the process of pressurizing the lower end is also a process of gradually increasing the pressure difference between the upper end and the lower end of the cement sheath, the pressure of the upper end is suddenly increased to reach the same pressure as the pressure difference of the lower end, and the situation that the cement sheath is failed due to the occurrence of channeling in the cement sheath is indicated; in the process, measuring the acoustic system and monitoring in real time, and judging whether the channeling is in the region or not according to the change of the sleeve wave amplitude in each region; in the fifth step, when the cement strength is stable, the sleeve wave amplitude reaches the minimum value; in the cement packing experiment in the step six, if the sleeve wave amplitude of a certain area is increased, the sleeve and the cement sheath in the area are de-bonded; when channeling occurs, the area close to the pressurizing point is firstly channeling, then the area is quickly expanded to the whole circumferential direction, and then the channeling upwards occurs until the whole measuring interval is completely debonded.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects as follows:
The invention utilizes a borehole wall sticking acoustic system, and the change of the sleeve wave amplitude is measured by an instrument acoustic system, so that a method for monitoring cement channeling in real time in the cement isolation test process is formed, and the visualization of cement isolation test measurement is realized. The invention provides the channeling form of the cement sheath in the measuring region, and the measuring method also provides basis for determining the cement setting time and detecting the strength change of cement in the setting process from pouring in the cement packer experiment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a cased well model of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the acoustic measurement of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a graph showing the time-dependent change of the attenuation of the sleeve wave according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is an illustration of the amplitude of sound waves received by different receivers of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to a measuring scheme for monitoring cement channeling in real time by using a borehole wall-attached acoustic system, which can realize the detection of the extension of the cement channeling in the circumferential direction and the axial direction and comprises the following specific steps:
Step one, placing 12 sonic transducers in a casing well of a cement packer experimental measurement system, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, wherein 2 sonic transducers are mounted on one measurement arm, the measurement arms are axially arranged along the casing, 6 measurement arms are attached to the inner wall of the casing by a pushing device, the measurement arms are uniformly arranged in the annular direction, the two adjacent measurement arm shafts are respectively marked as No. 1,2,3,4, 5 and 6 measurement arms, the axial positions of the two adjacent measurement arm shafts are identical up and down by 2ft, the axial positions of the No. 1, 3 and 5 measurement arms are identical, the axial positions of the No. 2,4 and 6 measurement arms are identical, the two probes on the No. 1 measurement arm are respectively marked as T1 and R1, the two probes on the No. 2 measurement arm are respectively marked as T2 and R2, and so on. Wherein the part between the probe T2 and the probes R1, R3 is marked as area 1 and area 2, the part between the probe T4 and the probes R3, R5 is marked as area 3 and area 4, the part between the probe T6 and the probes R5, R1 is marked as area 5 and area 6, the part between the probe R1 and the probes R2, R6 is marked as area 7 and area 12, the part between the probe R3 and the probes R2, R4 is marked as area 8 and area 9, the part between the probe R5 and the probes R4, R6 is marked as area 10 and area 11, the part between the probe R2 and the probes T1, T3 is marked as area 13 and 14, the part between the probe R4 and the probes T3, T5 is marked as area 15 and area 16, and the part between the probe R6 and the probes T5, T1 is marked as area 17 and area 18. In fig. 1, 1 is a measurement wall, 2 is a casing, 3 is cement, and 4 is a formation.
And secondly, pouring the prepared cement paste between the casing and the stratum after the measuring acoustic system is fixed.
Step three, after cement slurry is poured in an annulus between the casing and the stratum, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6 are respectively transmitted according to time sequences, R2, R3, R5 and R6 are received during T1 transmission, and the cement strength of areas 13, 8, 11 and 18 in FIG. 2 and the consolidation degree of the casing and a cement sheath during channeling are respectively carved through the amplitude of the received casing waves; r1, R3, R4 and R6 are received during T2 emission, and the cement strength of the areas 1, 2, 9 and 12 in the figure 2 and the consolidation degree of the sleeve and the cement sheath during channeling are respectively carved through the amplitude of the received sleeve waves; r1, R2, R4 and R5 are received during T3 emission, and the cement strength of the areas 7, 14, 15 and 10 in the graph 2 and the consolidation degree of the sleeve and the cement sheath during channeling are respectively carved through the amplitude of the received sleeve waves; r2, R3, R5 and R6 are received during T4 emission, and the cement strength of areas 8, 3, 4 and 11 in FIG. 2 and the consolidation degree of the sleeve and the cement sheath during channeling are respectively carved through the received sleeve wave amplitude; r1, R3, R4 and R6 are received during T5 emission, and the cement strength of areas 12, 9, 16 and 17 in FIG. 2 and the consolidation degree of the sleeve and the cement sheath during channeling are respectively carved through the amplitude of the received sleeve waves; r1, R2, R4 and R5 are received during T6 emission, and the cement strengths of the areas 6, 7, 10 and 5 in FIG. 2 and the consolidation degree of the sleeve and the cement sheath during channeling are respectively carved through the received sleeve wave amplitudes.
And fourthly, using the same transmitting transducer, calculating the attenuation of the casing wave by using the casing wave amplitudes received by the two receivers, wherein the calculation formula is shown in formula (1), taking the area 5 as an example, calculating attenuation values by using the casing wave amplitudes received by T1 and T4 and R2 and R3 respectively, and taking the average of the cement intensity of the corresponding area 5 or the consolidation degree between the casing and the cement sheath by the two attenuation values.
Att=20/L*log10(Amp Near-to-near /Amp Far distance ) (1)
L is the distance between the two probes, and Amp Near-to-near 、Amp Far distance is the amplitude of the sleeve wave received by the near receiving transducer and the far receiving transducer, respectively.
Step five, monitoring the sleeve attenuation value of the area in real time from cement pouring, wherein the cement strength is increased and the attenuation of the sleeve wave is gradually increased along with the increase of time, as shown in fig. 3, if the sleeve wave attenuation value is stabilized near a certain value in 2 hours of continuous observation, the attenuation value is +/-0.5 dB/ft, the cement strength is stabilized, and the change rule of the attenuation along with time is shown in fig. 3.
And step six, after the cement strength is stable, starting experimental measurement of cement packing performance, arranging pressure detection ports on the upper end face and the lower end face of the cement sheath, and gradually pressurizing the lower end of the cement sheath at the pressurizing point to observe the change of the pressure at the upper end. The process of pressurizing the lower end is also a process of gradually increasing the pressure difference between the upper end and the lower end of the cement sheath, the pressure of the upper end is suddenly increased to reach the same pressure as the pressure difference of the lower end, and the situation that the channeling occurs in the cement sheath and the cement packing is failed is indicated. In the process of measuring acoustic real-time monitoring, whether the channeling is carried into the area can be known through the change of the sleeve wave amplitude in each area in fig. 2, in the fifth step, after the cement strength is stable, the sleeve wave amplitude reaches the minimum value, in the sixth step, in the cement packing experiment, if the sleeve wave amplitude of a certain area is increased, the sleeve and the cement sheath in the area are debonded, as shown in the sleeve wave amplitude imaging diagram shown in fig. 4, the channeling is firstly carried out in the area 4, and the channeling is firstly carried out in the area 3, the area 2, the area 1, the area 5 and the area 6 in sequence in the circumferential direction, and is longitudinally carried out in the area 9, the area 8 and the peripheral area 16, the area 15, the area 10, the area 7, the area 13, the area 12, the area 14, the area 11, the area 18 and the area 17 in sequence. From the above analysis, it can be seen that when channeling occurs, the area 4 near the pressurization point is first channeling, and then quickly expands to the whole circumferential direction, and then the channeling is upward until the whole measurement area is completely debonded.
The amplitude of the sound waves received by the different receivers of the present invention can be seen in fig. 4.

Claims (1)

1. An experimental method for monitoring cement channeling in real time by using a borehole wall sticking acoustic system comprises the following specific steps: placing 12 sonic transducers in a casing well of a cement packer experimental measurement system, wherein 2 sonic transducers are mounted on one measuring arm, the measuring arms are axially arranged along the casing, 6 measuring arms are attached to the inner wall of the casing by a pushing device and are uniformly arranged in the annular direction, the two measuring arms are respectively marked as No. 1,2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 measuring walls, the two adjacent measuring arm shafts are separated by 2ft up and down, the axial positions of the No. 1, 3 and 5 measuring arms are consistent, the axial positions of the No. 2, 4 and 6 measuring arms are consistent, the two probes of the No. 1 measuring arm are respectively marked as T1 and R1, the two probes of the No. 2 measuring arm are respectively marked as T2 and R2, and the like; wherein the part between the probe T2 and the probes R1, R3 is marked as area 1 and area 2, the part between the probe T4 and the probes R3, R5 is marked as area 3 and area 4, the part between the probe T6 and the probes R5, R1 is marked as area 5 and area 6, the part between the probe R1 and the probes R2, R6 is marked as area 7 and area 12, the part between the probe R3 and the probes R2, R4 is marked as area 8 and area 9, the part between the probe R5 and the probes R4, R6 is marked as area 10 and area 11, the part between the probe R2 and the probes T1, T3 is marked as area 13 and 14, the part between the probe R4 and the probes T3, T5 is marked as area 15 and area 16, and the part between the probe R6 and the probes T5, T1 is marked as area 17 and area 18;
step two, pouring the prepared cement paste between the sleeve and the stratum after the measuring acoustic system is fixed;
Step three, after cement slurry is poured in an annulus between the casing and the stratum, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6 are respectively transmitted according to time sequences, R2, R3, R5 and R6 are received during T1 transmission, and cement strength of areas 13, 8, 11 and 18 and consolidation degree of the casing and a cement ring during channeling are respectively marked through the amplitude of received casing waves; r1, R3, R4 and R6 are received during T2 emission, and the cement strength of the areas 1, 2, 9 and 12 are respectively marked through the received sleeve wave amplitude, and the consolidation degree of the sleeve and the cement sheath during channeling is improved; r1, R2, R4 and R5 are received during T3 emission, and the cement strength of the areas 7, 14, 15 and 10 are respectively marked through the received sleeve wave amplitude, and the consolidation degree of the sleeve and the cement sheath during channeling is achieved; r2, R3, R5 and R6 are received during T4 emission, and the cement strength of the areas 8, 3, 4 and 11 are respectively marked through the received sleeve wave amplitude, and the consolidation degree of the sleeve and the cement sheath during channeling is improved; r1, R3, R4 and R6 are received during T5 emission, and the cement strength of the areas 12, 9, 16 and 17 are respectively marked through the received sleeve wave amplitude, and the consolidation degree of the sleeve and the cement sheath during channeling is achieved; r1, R2, R4 and R5 are received during T6 emission, and the cement strength of the areas 6, 7, 10 and 5 are respectively marked through the received sleeve wave amplitude, and the consolidation degree of the sleeve and the cement sheath during channeling is improved;
Step four, calculating attenuation of the sleeve wave by using the same transmitting transducer and the sleeve wave amplitudes received by two receivers, wherein a calculation formula is shown in a formula (1), in a region 5, attenuation values are calculated by using the sleeve wave amplitudes received by T1 and T4 and R2 and R3 respectively, and the two attenuation values average the cement strength of the corresponding region 5 or the consolidation degree between the sleeve and a cement sheath;
Att=20/L*log10(Amp Near-to-near /Amp Far distance ) (1)
L is the distance between the two probes, and Amp Near-to-near 、Amp Far distance is the amplitude of the sleeve wave received by the near receiving transducer and the far receiving transducer respectively;
Step five, monitoring the attenuation value of the sleeve wave in the area in real time from cement pouring, increasing the cement strength along with the increase of time, gradually increasing the attenuation of the sleeve wave, and if the variation amplitude of the attenuation value of the sleeve wave, which is stabilized near a certain value, is +/-0.5 dB/ft in 2 hours of continuous observation, indicating that the cement strength is stabilized;
Step six, after the cement strength is stable, starting experimental measurement of cement packing performance, arranging pressure detection ports on the upper end face and the lower end face of a cement sheath, and gradually pressurizing the lower end of the cement sheath at the pressurizing point to observe the pressure change of the upper end; the process of pressurizing the lower end is also a process of gradually increasing the pressure difference between the upper end and the lower end of the cement sheath, the pressure of the upper end is suddenly increased to reach the same pressure as the pressure difference of the lower end, and the situation that the cement sheath is failed due to the occurrence of channeling in the cement sheath is indicated; in the process, measuring the acoustic system and monitoring in real time, and judging whether the channeling is in the region or not according to the change of the sleeve wave amplitude in each region; in the fifth step, when the cement strength is stable, the sleeve wave amplitude reaches the minimum value; in the cement packing experiment in the step six, if the sleeve wave amplitude of a certain area is increased, the sleeve and the cement sheath in the area are de-bonded; when channeling occurs, the area close to the pressurizing point is firstly channeling, then the area is quickly expanded to the whole circumferential direction, and then the channeling upwards occurs until the whole measuring interval is completely debonded.
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