CN112857698B - Method for detecting wall leakage based on surface acoustic waves - Google Patents
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- CN112857698B CN112857698B CN201911178547.XA CN201911178547A CN112857698B CN 112857698 B CN112857698 B CN 112857698B CN 201911178547 A CN201911178547 A CN 201911178547A CN 112857698 B CN112857698 B CN 112857698B
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
- G01M3/04—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point
- G01M3/24—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic vibrations
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/40—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using electric means, e.g. by observing electric discharges
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for detecting wall leakage based on surface acoustic waves, which comprises the following steps: the underground ultrasonic transmitting probe and the underground ultrasonic receiving probe are physically connected and are put into a shaft, and clear water is a coupling agent; the plane ultrasonic receiving probe is arranged on a plane to be detected, and the butter is a coupling agent; drilling measurement; testing a plane to be tested; extracting a waveform collected in a well drilling, drawing according to the depth, removing a direct wave, and reserving a reflected wave; drawing reflected waves of different receiving probes in each depth, obtaining a time difference frequency chart by using a phase method for waveforms of different receiving probes in the same depth, carrying out Fourier transform on each path of waveform to obtain a main frequency, finding out a corresponding time difference, drawing a time-depth curve, and indicating a leakage position by an abnormal point; and (3) drawing sound waves received by all probes in a plane to be detected, analyzing frequency and phase, and obtaining a time difference frequency relation by using a phase method to distinguish wall leakage and leakage positions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of exploration of underground foundations and underground structures in the early stage of ground engineering construction, and particularly relates to a method for detecting wall leakage based on surface acoustic waves.
Background
The leakage detection of the foundation pit is related to the safety of subsequent excavation construction and the safety of surrounding buildings and roads. The method is characterized in that the leakage of the waterproof curtain of the foundation pit is detected, and effective measures are taken in advance to be effective means for preventing major safety accidents. At present, no complete foundation pit leakage detection method and equipment exist. The direct current method utilizes the advantages that the resistivity of the waterproof curtain is high, the electric conduction capacity is poor, the electric conductivity of soil filled in the leakage position is good, the current passes through the leakage position, and the electric field abnormality generated in the foundation pit is detected. The first problem encountered by the method is that when the leakage position is small and the basal pit is deep, the potential abnormality is not obvious, and whether the leakage exists or not is difficult to determine. Traditional ground geophysical prospecting methods such as apparent resistivity method, high-resolution electrical method and the like are basically ineffective for macroscopic resistivity difference caused by small leakage, and the spatial resolution is too low to distinguish. The ultrasonic wave has high frequency, short wavelength and high spatial resolution. When the method is used for leakage detection, the size of the leakage is long relative to the wavelength, and the caused reflected wave is obvious, so that the method is probably an important method in leakage detection. The method utilizes the principle that the waterproof curtain has high wave resistance and has an obvious wave resistance interface with a soil layer and a sand body, the vibration near the waterproof curtain can cause the transmission of surface acoustic waves, and the surface acoustic waves at the leakage position have obvious reflected waves, so that the leakage position is detected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that the traditional ground exploration method is low in spatial resolution and cannot distinguish small parts, and provides a method for detecting wall body leakage based on surface acoustic waves, which is used for processing collected signals to realize leakage detection. The method is mainly based on measurement in a drilling hole, and when a leakage position is met in the hole, reflected waves are generated due to wave impedance difference and are detected. Since the acoustic properties of a medium are related to its structure and its physical and mechanical properties, geology forms different acoustic characteristics due to factors such as lithology, structural characteristics, mechanical properties, etc. For a normal waterproof curtain, the speed of sound wave propagation in the waterproof curtain is in a certain range, when a propagation path is leaked, the sound wave bypasses defects or passes through a medium with a slow propagation speed, the sound wave is attenuated, the propagation time is prolonged, the sound time is increased, the sound speed is reduced, the amplitude is reduced, the waveform is distorted and the like, and the leakage condition and the leakage position of the wall body are analyzed and judged by using the change of the acoustic parameters of the sound wave propagation in the wall body.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
The invention discloses a method for detecting wall leakage based on surface acoustic waves, which comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: probe arrangement
Physically connecting an underground ultrasonic transmitting probe and an underground ultrasonic receiving probe together, putting the whole body into a shaft, and taking clear water as a coupling agent in the shaft; arranging a planar ultrasonic receiving probe on a plane to be detected in a row form, and taking butter as a coupling agent;
the second step is that: borehole survey
The underground ultrasonic transmitting probe and the underground ultrasonic receiving probe which are fixed together transmit ultrasonic once when the whole moves once along a shaft, the underground ultrasonic transmitting probe transmits ultrasonic once, the underground ultrasonic receiving probe collects a waveform once, and all ultrasonic signals are amplified, converted into 15-bit digital quantity through AD conversion and transmitted to a computer; moving the underground ultrasonic transmitting probe and the underground ultrasonic receiving probe which are fixed together step by step from the bottom of the well to the water surface according to the method to finish the measurement of the well;
the third step: plane test to be tested
Carrying out artificial excitation on one end plane of one column of the plane ultrasonic receiving probe, enabling the plane to be detected and the plane ultrasonic receiving probe to carry out ultrasonic resonance sound waves, recording a sound wave signal once, and carrying out AD conversion on all point position signals to convert the point position signals into 15-bit digital quantity to be transmitted to a computer; moving the whole array of plane ultrasonic receiving probes or the excitation source positions of artificial excitation according to the method to carry out omnibearing measurement;
the fourth step: processing the respective electrical signals in a computer
(1) Extracting waveforms collected in a well, drawing the waveforms together according to depth, which is the original measured waveform, removing direct waves through filtering, and only reserving reflected waves reflecting leakage conditions;
(2) drawing the reflected wave waveforms of the receiving probes with different depths, obtaining a time difference frequency chart by using a phase method for the waveforms of the receiving probes with different depths, simultaneously carrying out Fourier transform on each path of waveform once to obtain a main frequency, finding out the time difference corresponding to the main frequency, drawing the time difference and the depth under the frequency together to obtain a time-depth curve, and indicating the leakage position according to the abnormal point of the time-depth curve;
(3) and drawing sound wave waveforms received by all probes in a plane to be detected, carrying out frequency and phase analysis on the waveforms, obtaining a time difference frequency relation by using a phase method, reflecting the sound wave propagation speed of a leakage position by using the sound wave time difference, and distinguishing wall leakage and the leakage position according to the sound wave propagation speeds of different positions.
In the first step, the number of the underground ultrasonic receiving probes is 2-8, and the underground ultrasonic receiving probes and the underground ultrasonic transmitting probes move integrally along the shaft.
In the first step, the planar ultrasonic receiving probes are 8-32 piezoelectric ceramic sound wave receiving probes, the number of the piezoelectric ceramic sound wave receiving probes is 1-4 rows, the maximum number of the piezoelectric ceramic sound wave receiving probes in each row is 8, and the position of an excitation source of artificial excitation is 20-50cm away from one end of one row of probes.
The fourth step is a specific method for removing the direct wave: and performing Fourier transformation on the waveform data received at different depths respectively on a time axis and different depth axes to obtain a frequency and wave number two-dimensional spectrogram, filtering out a low-frequency part in a wave number domain, and performing Fourier inverse transformation twice to obtain filtered data.
The invention utilizes the propagation characteristic of the surface acoustic wave and detects the leakage position on the principle that the leakage position has obvious reflected waves, and the judgment of the wall leakage can be realized according to the change of sound. Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention changes the sound wave probe and the vibration excitation position to measure the target stratum for many times, can accurately confirm whether the stratum leaks or not, and confirms the specific position of the leakage.
(2) The method is different from the traditional ground geophysical prospecting method, the traditional geophysical prospecting method is basically ineffective for macroscopic resistivity difference caused by small leakage, and the spatial resolution is too low to distinguish. The ultrasonic wave has high frequency, short wavelength and high spatial resolution. When the method is used for leakage detection, the size of leakage is long relative to the wavelength, the caused reflected wave is obvious, and the propagation has the own rule.
(3) The invention adopts surface acoustic wave detection, and the surface acoustic wave is different from longitudinal waves and transverse waves, does not enter solid propagation, only propagates on the surface, and is sensitive to detecting surface cracks and leakage holes.
(4) The invention identifies the leakage position by measuring the change of the wave impedance in the hole, the principle of the invention is different from direct current and electromagnetic induction, and the invention distinguishes from the acoustic parameters of vibration and medium and is independent of the electrical parameters.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an observation system and probe arrangement.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a novel method for detecting a waterproof curtain, namely a method for detecting wall leakage based on surface acoustic waves.
According to the invention, a borehole is adopted or a side well of a waterproof curtain is utilized, a transmitting probe and a receiving probe are placed in the well to excite ultrasonic signals, the sound wave waveform of each depth is detected in a moving mode and processed, and the moving distance determines the resolution of longitudinal detection; the invention provides a sound wave probe which is placed on a plane to be measured and is coupled with the plane, the surface acoustic wave waveform is measured by exciting vibration on the surface, the placement of the probe and the excitation position of a vibration source are designed according to the actual situation, and the probe is excited and received at different positions, wherein the vibration source is the main factor for determining an excitation signal, and the selection and placement position of the frequency characteristic of the probe are also important for the measurement result. The measurement of the whole surface to be measured is realized through the detection of the underground and the ground, and the accuracy and precision of leakage detection are improved.
The invention discloses a method for detecting wall leakage based on surface acoustic waves, which comprises the following concrete implementation processes:
the first step is as follows: probe arrangement
The underground ultrasonic wave transmitting probe (namely, the excitation source A shown in figure 1) and the underground ultrasonic wave receiving probe (namely, the sound wave probe A shown in figure 1) are physically connected together and are wholly put into a shaft, and clear water is generally used as a coupling agent in the shaft. The number of the underground ultrasonic receiving probes is 2-8, the underground ultrasonic receiving probes and the underground ultrasonic transmitting probes move along a shaft integrally, and the underground ultrasonic transmitting probes and the underground ultrasonic receiving probes are connected with an aboveground transmitting and collecting system respectively.
A plurality of plane ultrasonic receiving probes (figure 1 sound wave probe B) are arranged in a row mode in the whole transverse (longitudinal) direction range of a plane to be measured, and grease is used as a coupling agent to couple the plane ultrasonic receiving probes with the plane to be measured. The planar ultrasonic receiving probes are piezoelectric ceramic sound wave receiving probes, the sound wave receiving probes are manufactured by utilizing the piezoelectric property of piezoelectric ceramic, the number of the sound wave receiving probes is 8-32, the sound wave receiving probes are arranged in 1-4 rows, the maximum number of the sound wave receiving probes in each row is not more than 8, the position of an excitation source of artificial excitation is 20-50cm away from one end of one row of probes, and the distance between every two planar ultrasonic receiving probes is 20 cm. The specific arrangement is shown in fig. 1, wherein the probes shown in fig. 1 are arranged in the transverse direction, and other directions can be changed, and each planar ultrasonic receiving probe is connected with a corresponding interface of the acquisition system.
The second step is that: borehole survey
The underground ultrasonic transmitting probe and the underground ultrasonic receiving probe which are fixed together transmit ultrasonic once when the whole moves once along a shaft, the underground ultrasonic transmitting probe transmits ultrasonic once, the underground ultrasonic receiving probe collects a waveform once, and all ultrasonic signals are amplified, converted into 15-bit digital quantity through AD conversion and transmitted to a computer; according to the method, the underground ultrasonic transmitting probe and the underground ultrasonic receiving probe which are fixed together are gradually moved to the water surface from the bottom of the well, and the measurement of the well is completed.
The third step: plane test to be tested
Carrying out artificial excitation on one end plane of one column of the plane ultrasonic receiving probe (an excitation source B in figure 1), leading the plane to be detected and the plane ultrasonic receiving probe to carry out ultrasonic resonance sound waves, recording a sound wave signal, and carrying out AD conversion on all point position signals to convert into 15-bit digital quantity to be transmitted to a computer; according to the method, the positions of the array of plane ultrasonic receiving probes or excitation sources of artificial excitation are moved to carry out omnibearing measurement.
The fourth step: processing the respective electrical signals in a computer
(1) The method comprises the steps of extracting waveforms collected in a well, drawing the waveforms together according to depth, namely the original measured waveforms, removing direct waves through filtering, and only retaining reflected waves reflecting leakage conditions. The reflected wave can clearly indicate the location of the leak, and the location with the shortest arrival time corresponds to the location of the leak.
The specific method for removing the direct wave comprises the following steps: and performing Fourier transformation on the waveform data received at different depths respectively on a time axis and different depth axes to obtain a frequency and wave number two-dimensional spectrogram, filtering out a low-frequency part in a wave number domain, and performing Fourier inverse transformation twice to obtain filtered data.
(2) The method comprises the steps of drawing reflected wave waveforms of different receiving probes with different depths, obtaining a time difference frequency chart of the waveforms of the receiving probes with the same depth by using a phase method, simultaneously carrying out Fourier transform on each path of waveform, determining a main frequency according to the amplitude and the frequency band range of a frequency spectrum, finding out a time difference corresponding to the main frequency, drawing the time difference and the depth under the frequency together to obtain a time-depth curve, and indicating a leakage position according to an abnormal point of the time-depth curve. Under normal conditions, the time-depth curve is basically a straight line without obvious break points, and the leakage position can be indicated according to the break points of the time-depth curve.
(3) Drawing sound wave waveforms received by all plane ultrasonic receiving probes (figure 1 sound wave probe B) in a plane to be measured, carrying out frequency and phase analysis on the waveforms, obtaining a time difference frequency relation by using a phase method, reflecting the sound wave propagation speed of a leakage position by sound wave time difference, and distinguishing wall leakage and leakage positions according to the sound wave propagation speeds of different positions. If a leak occurs, the acoustic wave time difference becomes large and the acoustic wave propagation speed becomes small.
The ultrasonic wave research method mainly takes the reflected wave caused by the leakage position as the measurement characteristic, the method needs drilling, the reflected wave exists in a certain depth on the inner surface of the hole and propagates along the hole wall, when the leakage position is met, because the fluid has vibration energy entering the leakage position along the leakage position, the equivalent impedance of the hole wall changes suddenly, the continuous propagation of the reflected wave in the hole can be generated in the hole, the reflected wave propagated along the hole wall can be received by moving an underground ultrasonic wave transmitting probe and an underground ultrasonic wave receiving probe in the hole, the propagation speed of the reflected wave can be obtained by calculating through a phase method, the processing is carried out on the waveform measured at each depth, the time-depth curve can be obtained, and the leakage position can be judged through the folding point of the waveform. And similarly, arranging planar ultrasonic receiving probes on the ground, generating surface acoustic waves by adopting an artificial excitation mode, calculating the group of acoustic probes by a phase method to obtain a frequency dispersion curve, and changing the positions of an excitation source or the receiving probes to realize fine detection of the leakage position of the area to be detected.
The invention is different from the existing direct current method and electromagnetic induction, and is independent of electrical parameters by distinguishing from vibration and acoustic parameters of media. By means of sound wave propagation, reflected waves caused in the well are detected, liquid in the well exchanges with liquid at the leakage position, and vibration energy can be leaked at the leakage position. The underground ultrasonic transmitting probe and the underground ultrasonic receiving probe are placed underground, the underground ultrasonic transmitting probe and the underground ultrasonic receiving probe are moved to realize measurement of different depths, and the depth position of leakage is judged according to a time-depth curve; and calculating to obtain time difference according to the waveform of the probes arranged on the ground, and moving the excitation source or the probe position to realize multi-angle scanning measurement of the leakage position. The invention adopts the underground and ground surface acoustic wave receiving mode to realize the omnibearing receiving of useful information.
While the present invention has been described in terms of its functions and operations with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise functions and operations described above, and that the above-described embodiments are illustrative rather than restrictive, and that various changes and modifications may be effected therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. A method for detecting wall leakage based on surface acoustic waves is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the first step is as follows: probe arrangement
Physically connecting an underground ultrasonic transmitting probe and an underground ultrasonic receiving probe together, putting the whole body into a shaft, and taking clear water as a coupling agent in the shaft; arranging a planar ultrasonic receiving probe on a plane to be detected in a row form, and taking butter as a coupling agent;
the second step is that: borehole survey
The underground ultrasonic transmitting probe and the underground ultrasonic receiving probe which are fixed together transmit ultrasonic once when the whole moves once along a shaft, the underground ultrasonic transmitting probe transmits ultrasonic once, the underground ultrasonic receiving probe collects a waveform once, and all ultrasonic signals are amplified, converted into 15-bit digital quantity through AD conversion and transmitted to a computer; moving the underground ultrasonic transmitting probe and the underground ultrasonic receiving probe which are fixed together step by step from the bottom of the well to the water surface according to the method to finish the measurement of the well;
the third step: plane test to be tested
Carrying out artificial excitation on one end plane of one column of the plane ultrasonic receiving probe, enabling the plane to be detected and the plane ultrasonic receiving probe to carry out ultrasonic resonance sound waves, recording a sound wave signal once, and carrying out AD conversion on all point position signals to convert the point position signals into 15-bit digital quantity to be transmitted to a computer; moving the whole array of plane ultrasonic receiving probes or the excitation source positions of artificial excitation according to the method to carry out omnibearing measurement;
the fourth step: processing the respective electrical signals in a computer
(1) Extracting waveforms collected in a well, drawing the waveforms together according to depth, which is the original measured waveform, removing direct waves through filtering, and only reserving reflected waves reflecting leakage conditions;
(2) drawing the reflected wave waveforms of the receiving probes with different depths, obtaining a time difference frequency chart by using a phase method for the waveforms of the receiving probes with different depths, simultaneously carrying out Fourier transform on each path of waveform once to obtain a main frequency, finding out the time difference corresponding to the main frequency, drawing the time difference and the depth under the frequency together to obtain a time-depth curve, and indicating the leakage position according to the abnormal point of the time-depth curve;
(3) and drawing sound wave waveforms received by all probes in a plane to be detected, carrying out frequency and phase analysis on the waveforms, obtaining a time difference frequency relation by using a phase method, reflecting the sound wave propagation speed of a leakage position by using the sound wave time difference, and distinguishing wall leakage and the leakage position according to the sound wave propagation speeds of different positions.
2. The method for detecting wall leakage based on surface acoustic wave according to claim 1, wherein the number of the downhole ultrasonic receiving probes in the first step is 2-8, and the downhole ultrasonic transmitting probes move along the shaft integrally.
3. The method for detecting wall leakage based on surface acoustic wave as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the first step, the planar ultrasonic receiving probes are piezoelectric ceramic acoustic receiving probes, the number of the piezoelectric ceramic acoustic receiving probes is 8-32, the piezoelectric ceramic acoustic receiving probes are arranged in 1-4 columns, the maximum number of the piezoelectric ceramic acoustic receiving probes in each column is 8, and the position of an excitation source of artificial excitation is 20-50cm away from one end of one column of the probes.
4. The method for detecting wall leakage based on surface acoustic wave as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific elimination method of the direct wave in the fourth step is as follows: and performing Fourier transformation on the waveform data received at different depths respectively on a time axis and different depth axes to obtain a frequency and wave number two-dimensional spectrogram, filtering out a low-frequency part in a wave number domain, and performing Fourier inverse transformation twice to obtain filtered data.
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| CN114487117B (en) * | 2022-02-18 | 2023-08-04 | 浙江大学 | Non-recursion high-efficiency imaging method for ultrasonic phased array full matrix data |
| CN114544768B (en) * | 2022-02-24 | 2023-04-28 | 江西省水利科学院 | Single-hole ultrasonic detection device and method for continuous integrity and rock entering depth of concrete impermeable wall |
| CN116220667B (en) * | 2023-05-06 | 2023-07-07 | 中海油田服务股份有限公司 | Direct wave and reflected wave separation method and device based on ultrasonic lamb wave logging |
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