CN1157100C - 谐振转换器电路 - Google Patents

谐振转换器电路 Download PDF

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CN1157100C
CN1157100C CNB998022233A CN99802223A CN1157100C CN 1157100 C CN1157100 C CN 1157100C CN B998022233 A CNB998022233 A CN B998022233A CN 99802223 A CN99802223 A CN 99802223A CN 1157100 C CN1157100 C CN 1157100C
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duty ratio
lamp
gating signal
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CN1288650A (zh
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劲 张
张劲
张恩城
G·布伦宁
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Koninklijke Philips NV
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/538Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a push-pull configuration
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14Circuit arrangements
    • H05B41/26Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc
    • H05B41/28Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters
    • H05B41/282Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters with semiconductor devices
    • H05B41/2825Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters with semiconductor devices by means of a bridge converter in the final stage
    • H05B41/2828Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters with semiconductor devices by means of a bridge converter in the final stage using control circuits for the switching elements
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/4815Resonant converters
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

一种谐振转换器,其可用作气体放电灯的电子镇流器,该转换器是至少具有一对如MOSFET的功率开关的全桥或半桥电路的形式。由大致为方波周期选通信号触发其控制极,该选通信号具有互补的占空度比并且频率稍大于转换器电路的谐振频率。供到灯上的电能根据选通信号的占空度比而变化。当执行选通信号的占空度比基本改变所需的工作状态变化时,同时当执行接通或关断灯时,为了避免在转换器中产生高的电压和电流瞬变过程,倾斜变化占空度比以在选通信号的多个周期中逐渐增加,而不是直接变到占空度比所需的最终值。

Description

谐振转换器电路
本发明涉及谐振转换器,诸如通常用作如荧光和其它气体放电灯的电子镇流器等,尤其是涉及一种谐振转换器,它能够改变工作状况如接通或关断灯等,同时抑制高电压和电流瞬变过程的产生。
图1中示出了公知的半桥谐振转换器电路,其通常用作荧光和其它气体放电灯的电子镇流器。其中电源1通过一对串联的电子开关Q1、O2来提供直流输入电压Vin,所述电子开关可以是功率MOSFET,由大致为方波选通信号VGS1和VGS2触发其控制极,所述信号VGS1和VGS2是互补的,即,VGS2的占空比为D,VGS1的占空比为(1-D),这里,D是信号接通时间和周期之比。电源1可以包括由后接预处理器电路的全波整流器,如美国专利5,742,134(公开于1998年4月21日,转让给Philips Electronics N.A.)中所示。选通信号的频率可以是大约45kHz。在开关Q2两端串联连接阻塞电容器Cb、电感器Lr和升压隔离变压器T的初级绕组,所述变压器T具有与电容器Cr并联的初级磁化电感Lm。电感器Lr和电容器Cr的谐振频率稍低于选通信号频率。在变压器T的次级绕组两端产生输出电压V0,并将该输出电压V0提供到与其连接的荧光灯上,该荧光灯用电阻Rt表示,并与限流电容C1串联。
从关断灯的初始状态开始描述该电路。假定灯是瞬间起动型,其需要550V伏均方根值左右的起动电压。当在选通信号VGS1周期中处于接通或“1”状态时,接通开关Q1,接着通常约为直流250伏的输入电压Vin在包括Cb、Lr和Lm的路径中产生电流,并使电容器Cr充电。电容器Cb远远大于Cr,并仅用于阻塞功能以防止直流电流到达变压器T。当选通信号VGS1返回“0”状态时,关断开关Q1,同时选通信号VGS2接通开关Q2。然后,由于Lr和Cr的谐振频率附近的电压增益可能是10至15或更大,所以存储在电感器Lr和电容器Cr中的能量导致在变压器初级绕组电感Lm上产生极大的无功电压。其再通过变压器T的升压匝数比放大,从而容易实现将足够的起动电压提供到灯上,使灯起动。
使灯触发后,灯电阻R1负载谐振电路,于是以减小有效增益。以稍大于谐振频率的频率继续周期操作,以产生足够高的电压来保持灯处于接通状态。当需要关断灯时,切断提供到开关Q1上的选通信号VGS1。由此转换到“0”状态(占空比=0),维持开路,从而不再将电压提供到谐振电路中。同时,实际中常常也使得选通信号VGS2变成接通状态(占空度=1),从而开关Q2保持闭合。瞬时关断开始时谐振电路中存在的无功能量又将导致在变压器绕组和电感器Lr两端产生极大的瞬时电压,其接着在无功环路的时间常数确定的时间间隔内衰减。
灯接通和关断期间在转换器电路中产生的大无功电压和电流要求电路设计者应用这样的电路元件,其额定电压和电流是接通灯后在稳定状态电路工作期间经受的电压和电流的很多倍。这极大地增加了转换器电路的成本。另外,关断期间在变压器绕组两端产生的周期无功电压足以在几个无功周期中使灯低频再触发,从而导致灯反复闪烁,这可极大地干扰观测者。
因此,本发明的一个目的是提供一种谐振转换器,其能抑制接通或关断灯期间通常产生的过多的瞬时无功电压和电流的产生,同时也能将足够的瞬时起动电压提供到荧光灯或其它气体放电灯上。本发明的另一目的是提供灯的确切关断,而不会周期产生足以使灯低频反复再触发的无功电压。
申请人发现可以通过适当控制提供到转换器电路中开关上的周期选通信号VGS1和VGS2的占空比来实现这些目的。特别地,不是立即将每个选通信号瞬变到完全接通或完全关断状态或从完全接通或完全关断状态瞬变,而是偏移选通信号的占空比以经过选通信号的几个周期递增地达到所需改变的占空比。当接通灯时,选通信号VGS1的占空度在几个周期中从0%(常关断)到50%(接通时间=关断时间)之间偏移,同时,选通信号VGS2的占空比在几个周期中从100%(常接通)到50%(接通时间=关断时间)之间偏移。当关断灯时,选通信号的占空比的偏移与上述相反。与通过选通信号周期频率的改变来控制光强度的常规控制相对照,申请人还发现可以应用控制选通信号占空比以有效地控制灯产生的光强度。
已经发现周期选通信号的占空比的这种逐渐改变可基本抑制接通或关断灯期间高电压和电流瞬变过程的产生,同时可抑制关断灯期间使灯低频反复再触发。
参考附图来更详细地描述本发明。
图1是用作气体放电灯电子镇流器的典型半桥谐振转换器的电路图;
图2、3和4显示本发明的起动期间的平稳过渡,其分别通过输出电压V0、电感器Lr中的谐振电流和阻塞电容器电压Vcb来实现;
图5和6显示极度低频振荡,其出现在常规起动期间的电感器电流和阻塞电容器电压中,在常规起动期间,直接将开关Q1、Q2从其初始状态(0%和100%)驱动到D=50%的最终状态;以及
图7、8和9分别显示根据本发明的关断灯期间的平稳过渡,其分别通过输出电压V0、电感器Lr中的谐振电流和阻塞电容器电压Vcb来实现。
图1中的转换器电路具有电压增益A(·),其可通过开关Q1和Q2对称驱动的情况下由已知近似值容易地估算;也就是说,每个开关以50%的占空比操作。如果应用不对称但互补的选通信号,如,VGS2的占空比是D,而VGS1的占空比是(1-D),转换器的电压增益是:
A d ( ω ) = 1 - cos ( 2 π ( 1 - D ) ) 2 A ( ω )
因此,通过电容器Cb的电压是:
Vcb=(1-D)Vin
在转换器的稳定状态工作期间。根据用占空比的控制来实现转换器工作的平稳起动和关断,而同时抑制高电压和电流瞬变过程的产生,这些等式是基础。从等式(1)可见,当D接近0或100%时,增益接近0,而当D=50%时,增益最大。
从开始状况来描述起动,在开始状况下,全部放电所有的储能元件(除可能包括在电源1的输出中的电解电容器外)。在0时,功率开关Q1的占空比不对称地从0%偏移到50%,以及Q2的占空比不对称地从100%偏移到50%。开关频率·为稍大于转换器电路的谐振频率的常量,同时改变占空比时的扫描频率极低,并且在每个开关频率周期,D的阶跃差近似为5%。图2、3和4表示由此所得的结果,分别提供输出电压V0、电感器Lr中的谐振电流和阻塞电容器电压Vcb的平稳起动。
这种改进的机理是以下述为根据的。在0时,通过电容器Cb的电压为0。如果接着通过具有D=50%占空比的选通信号立即驱动开关Q1和Q2,通过幅值为0.5Vm的阶跃电压输入来激励Cb、Lr和Lm的低频谐振模式。如图5和6所示,这产生电感器电流和电容电压的低频振荡。与其对照,根据本发明,将等效斜坡电压提供到振荡电路中以执行起动。适当选择斜坡斜率可极大降低振荡频率。
现在考虑关断灯期间的工作状况。常规步骤是关断灯同时接通开关Q2。这样,通过负载部分释放存储在高频谐振电路中的能量,而将部分能量传送到电容器Cb中。应当注意:存储在电容器Cb中的能量远远大于存储在谐振电路中的能量。从而,在起动和关断期间Cb的充电和放电是引起低频振荡的主要原因。这解释了开关Q1占空度的倾斜变化可实现迅速关断而无低频振荡的原因。
假定转换器在Vcb=0.5Vin,D=50%的稳定状态工作,在0时关断以将开关Q2的占空比D从50%偏移到100%,将开关Q1的占空比D从50%偏移到0%。该扫描频率以每个周期5%的阶跃差的占空比而远远低于开关频率。所得结果在图7、8和9中示出,分别提供输出电压V0、电感器Lr中的电流和阻塞电容器Cb的电压的平稳关断。这是因为:输入到振荡电路的功率随D的增加而减少,从而输出功率通过电容器Cb而逐渐增加。由此逐渐释放存储在其中的能量。
应当注意的是:如用于半桥转换器一样,提供起动和关断的占空度的所述倾斜变化同样可用于全桥转换器中。同时,每个周期占空比偏移的阶跃差可在1%至10%之间的范围内。
为了清楚和完整起见,参考某些优选的特征来描述了本发明。然而,很明显对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可进行不脱离本发明基本原理和权利要求书保护范围内的各种改变和变形。

Claims (4)

1.一种谐振转换器,其可用作控制连接到其上的气体放电灯(R1)工作的镇流器电路,该转换器呈至少具有第一和第二功率开关(Q1、Q2)的全桥或半桥电路的形式,第一和第二功率开关分别通过包括在谐振转换器中的控制电路产生的第一和第二周期选通信号(VGS1、VGS2)来触发并具有基本相同的频率,选通信号频率稍大于所述转换器的谐振频率,第一和第二选通信号具有基本互补的占空比,特征在于该控制电路还包括:
电路部分,用于以所选择的增量增加第一选通信号的占空比,并以所选择的增量减小第二选通信号的占空比,实现所述转换器的工作状态变化;以及
每个所述选通信号的占空比的所述变化是倾斜变化的以在其多个周期中出现增量,对于两个选通信号而言每周期的该增量变化是相同的。
2.根据权利要求1的谐振转换器,其特征在于所述转换器用作所述灯(R1)的镇流器电路,所述转换器的工作状态变化对应所述灯从关断状态到接通状态的变化,在所述关断状态中,第一选通信号(VGS1)的占空比是0%,而第二选通信号(VGS2)的占空比是100%;在所选择的多个周期中第一选通信号的占空比从0%到50%倾斜变化,同时在所述所选择的多个周期中第二选通信号的占空比从100%到50%倾斜变化,实现灯的接通。
3.根据权利要求1的谐振转换器,其特征在于所述转换器用作所述灯(R1)的镇流器电路,所述转换器的工作状态变化对应所述灯从接通状态到关断状态的工作状态变化,在所述接通状态中,第一和第二选通信号(VGS1、VGS2)的占空比均为50%;在所选择的多个周期中第一选通信号占空度比从50%到0%的倾斜变化,同时在所述所选择的多个周期中第二选通信号的占空度比从50%到100%倾斜变化,实现灯的关断。
4.根据权利要求1的谐振转换器,其特征在于所述转换器用作所述灯(R1)的镇流器电路,所述转换器的工作状态变化对应所述灯的光强度变化,从初始状况产生所述变化,在初始状况下,第一选通信号(VGS1)的占空比为0%到50%之间,第二选通信号(VGS2)的占空比为50%到100%之间;以所选择增量增加第一和第二选通信号之一的占空比,同时以所选择增量减小第一和第二选通信号中的另一个的占空比,产生所述强度变化。
CNB998022233A 1998-11-18 1999-11-01 谐振转换器电路 Expired - Fee Related CN1157100C (zh)

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US09/195,297 1998-11-18
US09/195,297 US6541925B1 (en) 1998-11-18 1998-11-18 Resonant converter circuit with suppression of transients during changes in operating condition

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JP2002530825A (ja) 2002-09-17
US6541925B1 (en) 2003-04-01
DE69902880T2 (de) 2003-05-22
EP1050196B1 (en) 2002-09-11
WO2000030408A1 (en) 2000-05-25
TW453134B (en) 2001-09-01
DE69902880D1 (de) 2002-10-17
CN1288650A (zh) 2001-03-21
EP1050196A1 (en) 2000-11-08

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