CN115703769A - Preparation method of azilsartan - Google Patents
Preparation method of azilsartan Download PDFInfo
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- CN115703769A CN115703769A CN202110943639.3A CN202110943639A CN115703769A CN 115703769 A CN115703769 A CN 115703769A CN 202110943639 A CN202110943639 A CN 202110943639A CN 115703769 A CN115703769 A CN 115703769A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of azilsartan medoxomil. The method comprises the following steps: and (3) carrying out cyclization reaction on the compound I and ammonium carbonate in a solvent to obtain the azilsartan medoxomil. The method has the advantages of less three wastes and high atom economy, and is favorable for large-scale commercial production. The method has simple synthesis steps, obtains the azilsartan medoxomil by the compound I in one step, and has high total yield and product purity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of azilsartan.
Background
Aiming at the current situations of global aging aggravation, hypertension prevalence rate increase and obviously insufficient control rate, the international pharmaceutical macrostem has proposed a safer and more effective angiotensin II receptor antagonist, azilsartan, which is produced by wutian pharmaceutical company in japan, is approved by FDA and EMA in 2011 and 2012, is sold in the united states and europe respectively, and is a latest generation of therapeutic drug for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The azilsartan has the advantages of more direct combination on angiotensin II receptors, stronger affinity, quicker response, more obvious curative effect, long action time, good nighttime pressure control, low incidence of adverse reaction and the like, can obviously improve the medication compliance of patients, and further reduces the blood pressure level of the hypertension patients, thereby reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases in the middle and long term of the hypertension patients. Since the market comes, the strain is favored by first-line doctors in Europe and America and a plurality of hypertension patients, and the control rate of hypertension treatment of patients in Europe and America is expected to be further improved. However, due to the international pharmaceutical monopoly and dispute, the patent limit of novel angiotensin II receptor antagonist compounds and preparations (the 2025 expiry of azilsartan patent), the research and development thinking mode of most of pharmaceutical enterprises in China such as 'heavy simulation and light innovation', and the like, domestic patients cannot enjoy the drug product with better cost performance at present, most of the patients only can select the second generation ARB-valsartan produced and sold by the national norhua pharmaceutical company, but the clinical treatment effect of the valsartan is far lower than that of azilsartan medoxomil, and the treatment requirement of increasingly growing hypertension patients in China cannot be met completely.
The main routes reported by the synthetic literature of the azithromycin at home and abroad are as follows: taking a compound I or corresponding ethyl ester thereof as a key starting material, and condensing with hydroxylamine or hydroxylamine hydrochloride, hydroxylamine sulfuric acid and the like at high temperature to obtain a compound II for converting a nitrile group into corresponding oxime; the intermediate compound II reacts with carbonyl diimidazole, chloroformate and other reagents, carbonyl groups are introduced, and then azilsartan methyl ester is obtained through synchronous cyclization; finally, hydrolyzing to obtain the target product azilsartan. The total yield of the reported three-step reaction is 40-55%, and hydroxylamine used in the production has explosion risk at high temperature.
The literature: the journal of chemiman-hour, [ J ],2015,29 (8) and P10-13 disclose a preparation method of azilsartan, and the synthetic route is as follows:
the method needs to use highly toxic drugs: ethyl chloroformate, and the compound has a genotoxicity warning structure. Ethyl chloroformate can also react with conventional lower alcohol in the reaction process, and azilsartan produced by the route has potential safety hazard in view of the safety of medicines.
The literature: chemical intermediates, [ J ],2014,04, p 39-41 disclose a route for preparing azilsartan:
in the method, carbonyl diimidazole is used as a formylation reagent, azilsartan methyl ester is obtained through cyclization, and then the target product is obtained through hydrolysis. The route directly uses hydroxylamine with poor stability as a raw material, and the process stability is poor.
The literature: org. Process res. Dev. [ J ],2013,17,p77-86 and patent CN103664921A report the synthesis route of compound I-a (I corresponding to ethyl ester) as starting material:
the starting material of the route is less in commercial suppliers, and the hydroxylamine reaction at high temperature is adopted in the process, so that the explosion risk exists.
Therefore, in order to meet the demand of the current market for high-purity azilsartan, a process route which has high development efficiency and high product purity and is suitable for large-scale industrial production is required.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that the existing preparation method of azilsartan is single, so that the invention provides a preparation method of azilsartan, the three wastes generated by the method are less, the atom economy is high, and the large-scale commercial production is facilitated. The method has simple synthesis steps, obtains the azilsartan medoxomil from the compound I by one step, and has high total yield and product purity.
The invention provides a preparation method of azilsartan medoxomil, which comprises the following steps: performing cyclization reaction on the compound I and ammonium carbonate in a solvent to obtain azilsartan medoxomil;
wherein R is C 1 -C 4 Alkyl or phenyl.
In the cyclization reaction, the C 1 -C 4 The alkyl group may be methyl or ethyl.
In the cyclization reaction, R can be methyl or ethyl.
In the cyclization reaction, the solvent may be an organic solvent.
In the cyclization reaction, the solvent can be one or more of ester solvents, ether solvents, ketone solvents, aromatic hydrocarbon solvents and polar aprotic solvents.
In the cyclization reaction, the ester solvent can be ethyl acetate and/or isopropyl acetate.
In the cyclization reaction, the ether solvent can be methyl tertiary ether and/or dioxane.
In the cyclization reaction, the ketone solvent can be acetone and/or methyl isobutyl ketone.
In the cyclization reaction, the aromatic hydrocarbon solvent may be toluene.
In the cyclization reaction, the polar aprotic solvent can be dimethyl sulfoxide and/or N-methylpyrrolidone.
In the cyclization reaction, the solvent can be dimethyl sulfoxide or N-methylpyrrolidone.
In the cyclization reaction, the mass ratio of the organic solvent to the compound I can be 5-15. For example, the mass ratio of the organic solvent to the compound I is 10 to 11.25.
In the cyclization reaction, the molar ratio of the ammonium carbonate to the compound I can be 1.0-10.0, and can also be 5-6.
The reaction temperature of the cyclization reaction can be 50-200 ℃, and can also be 100-110 ℃.
The cyclization reaction can be carried out under the protection of nitrogen or inert gas.
The cyclization reaction can be carried out in a closed system. Such as an autoclave.
The reaction pressure of the ring forming reaction can be 0.2Mpa to 2.0Mpa, and can also be 0.6Mpa to 0.8Mpa.
In the cyclization reaction, the cyclization reaction can be carried out under the protection of nitrogen or inert gas, the cyclization reaction is carried out in a closed system, R is methyl or ethyl, the solvent is dimethyl sulfoxide or N-methylpyrrolidone, the mass ratio of the organic solvent to the compound I is 10-11.25, the molar ratio of ammonium carbonate to the compound I is 5-6, the reaction temperature is 100-110 ℃, and the reaction pressure is 0.6-0.8 Mpa.
The invention provides a preparation method of azilsartan, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing the azilsartan medoxomil according to the preparation method of the azilsartan medoxomil;
(2) And (2) carrying out hydrolysis reaction on the azilsartan medoxomil prepared in the step (1) in water in the presence of alkali to obtain the azilsartan medoxomil.
In the hydrolysis reaction, the base may be an inorganic base and/or an organic base.
In the hydrolysis reaction, the inorganic base may be one or more of potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and sodium hydride.
In the hydrolysis reaction, the organic base can be one or more of potassium tert-butoxide, sodium methoxide and sodium ethoxide.
In the hydrolysis reaction, the alkali may be potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide.
The reaction temperature of the cyclization reaction can be 20-100 ℃, and can also be 40-60 ℃.
In the hydrolysis reaction, the alkali can be potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide, and the reaction temperature can be 40-60 ℃.
The invention provides a recrystallization method of azilsartan, which comprises the following steps:
(a) Preparing the azilsartan according to the preparation method of the azilsartan;
(b) Recrystallizing the azilsartan prepared in the step (a) in a solvent to obtain the azilsartan.
In the step (b), the solvent may be one or more of water, an alcohol solvent, an ester solvent, an ether solvent, a ketone solvent, an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent and a polar aprotic solvent.
In the step (b), the alcohol solvent may be one or more of methanol, ethanol and isopropanol.
In the step (b), the ester solvent may be ethyl acetate and/or isopropyl acetate.
In the step (b), the ethereal solvent may be methyl tert-ether and/or dioxane.
In the step (b), the ketone solvent may be acetone and/or methyl isobutyl ketone.
In the step (b), the hydrocarbon solvent may be toluene.
In step (b), the polar aprotic solvent may be dimethyl sulfoxide and/or N-methylpyrrolidone.
In the step (b), the solvent may be methanol and dimethyl sulfoxide in a mass ratio of 10.
The above preferred conditions may be combined arbitrarily to obtain preferred embodiments of the present invention without departing from the general knowledge in the art.
The reagents and starting materials used in the present invention are either commercially available or can be prepared by known methods.
The positive progress effects of the invention are as follows: the method produces less three wastes, has high atom economy and is beneficial to large-scale commercial production. The method has simple synthesis steps, obtains the azilsartan medoxomil by the compound I in one step, and has high total yield and product purity.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to limit the invention thereto. Experimental procedures without specifying specific conditions in the following examples were selected in accordance with conventional procedures and conditions, or in accordance with commercial instructions.
General reaction scheme:
example 1: preparation of azilsartan medoxomil
Into a 100L autoclave were charged 45Kg of dimethyl sulfoxide, 5.8Kg of ammonium carbonate (6.0 eq) and 4.0Kg of compound I (methyl ester), the system was displaced 3 times with nitrogen and heated to 100 ℃ at a pressure of 0.6MPa, the system was reacted at that temperature for 6 hours, and the complete consumption of compound I was monitored by HPLC. The temperature of the system is reduced to 25 ℃, and ammonia gas and carbon dioxide gas generated in the autoclave are evacuated. The reaction system is transferred to a 200L glass lining kettle, 130Kg of ice-water mixture is dripped at the temperature of 10-20 ℃, and a large amount of white solid is separated out in the dripping process. And (3) dropwise adding an ice water mixture, aging the system at 20-25 ℃ for 2h, filtering to obtain an azilsartan methyl ester wet product, directly using the azilsartan methyl ester wet product in the next hydrolysis reaction, and drying part of the wet product, wherein the yield is 85%. 1 HNMR(DMSO-d 6 ，400M)δ：7.85(d,J＝8.2Hz,1H)，7.68～7.55(m,2H)，7.47～7.42(m,2H)，7.36(d,J＝7.8Hz,1H)，7.28～7.19(m,3H)，6.94(d,J＝8.2Hz,2H)，5.52(s,2H)，4.62(q,J＝8.0Hz,2H)，369 (s, 2H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 1.40 (t, J =8.0hz, 3h); LC-MS Calc:470.48, detection value M +1:471.5.
example 2: preparation of azilsartan
30Kg of purified water and 1.2Kg of sodium hydroxide solid are added into a 100L reaction kettle, and a wet product of azilsartan medoxomil is obtained in the last step. The system was warmed to 60 ℃ and reacted at this temperature for 3h and hplc monitored for complete consumption of azilsartan methyl ester. Controlling the temperature of the system to be 5 ℃, and dropwise adding 6N hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH of the system: 2.5, a large amount of white solid began to precipitate at pH 5. Dripping 6N hydrochloric acid, aging the system at 10-15 ℃ for 1h, and filtering to obtain an azilsartan wet product. Recrystallizing and purifying the obtained wet product once by using a mixed solvent of 20Kg of methanol and 2Kg of dimethyl sulfoxide, beating and leaching the filtered wet product once by using 2Kg of methyl tertiary ether, then pumping and drying the product in vacuum at 45 ℃ for 8 hours to obtain 3.2Kg of purified azilsartan, wherein the yield is 72.4%, and the melting point is as follows: 210-211 ℃ and the purity is 99.4 percent. 1 HNMR(DMSO-d 6 400M), δ:13.78 (br, 1H), 12.07 (br, 1H), 7.69 to 7.64 (m, 3H), 7.56 to 7.49 (m, 3H), 7.25 to 7.19 (m, 3H), 7.06 (d, J =7.8hz, 1h), 5.69 (s, 2H), 4.60 (q, J =8.2hz, 2h), 1.38 (t, J =8.0hz, 3h); calculated LC-MS: 456.46, detection value M +1:457.5.
high performance liquid phase conditions (column: agilent zorbax SB-C18, 150 x 4.6mm,5.0mm; mobile phase A:0.1% phosphoric acid aqueous solution, mobile phase B: acetonitrile; gradient: 0min,80% A,12min,10% A,14min,10% A,14.1min,80% A,20min,80% A; column temperature: 25 ℃, flow rate: 1.0mL/min, sample introduction: 5. Mu.L, detection wavelength: 254 nm).
The results are as follows:
| serial number | Time/min | Peak width/min | Peak area | Peak area% | Name (R) |
| 1 | 4.660 | 0.0918 | 14.43782 | 0.1819 | |
| 2 | 8.773 | 0.0874 | 3.89219 | 0.0490 | Impurity A |
| 3 | 9.820 | 0.0931 | 19.61339 | 0.2471 | Impurity B |
| 4 | 11.904 | 0.0495 | 7888.028 | 99.3862 | Azilsartan |
| 5 | 12.591 | 0.0528 | 5.67748 | 0.0715 | |
| 6 | 12.719 | 0.0492 | 5.09409 | 0.0642 | C6 methyl ester |
Example 3: preparation of azilsartan medoxomil
Into a 100L autoclave were charged 40Kg of N-methylpyrrolidone, 4.7Kg of ammonium carbonate (5.0 eq) and 4.0Kg of Compound I (ethyl ester), the system was displaced 3 times with nitrogen and heated to 110 ℃ under a pressure of 0.8MPa, the system was reacted at that temperature for 5 hours, and the complete consumption of Compound I was monitored by HPLC. The temperature of the system is reduced to 20 ℃, and ammonia gas and carbon dioxide gas generated in the autoclave are evacuated. The reaction system is transferred to a 200L glass lining kettle, 120Kg of ice-water mixture is dripped at the temperature of 10-20 ℃, and a large amount of white solid is separated out in the dripping process. And (3) dropwise adding an ice water mixture, aging the system at 20-25 ℃ for 3h, filtering to obtain an azilsartan ethyl ester wet product, directly using the azilsartan ethyl ester wet product for the next hydrolysis reaction, and drying part of the wet product to obtain the yield of 86%. 1 HNMR(DMSO-d 6 400M) δ:7.84 (d, J =8.0hz, 1h), 7.68-7.55 (m, 2H), 7.47-7.42 (m, 2H), 7.36 (d, J =7.8hz, 1h), 7.28-7.19 (m, 3H), 6.94 (d, J =8.2hz, 2h), 5.52 (s, 2H), 4.62 (q, J =8.0hz, 2h), 3.73 (q, J =8.2hz, 2h), 1.40 (t, J =8.0hz, 3h), 1.38 (t, J =8.2hz, 3h); calculated LC-MS: 484.51, detection value M +1:485.5.
example 4: preparation of azilsartan
Adding 25Kg of purified water and 2.0Kg of potassium hydroxide solid into a 50L reaction kettle to obtain the potassium hydroxideTo azilsartan medoxomil wet products. The system was warmed to 40 ℃ and reacted at this temperature for 3h and hplc monitored for complete consumption of azilsartan methyl ester. Controlling the temperature of the system to 15 ℃, and dropwise adding 6N hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH of the system: 2.5, a large amount of white solid began to precipitate at pH 5. Dripping 6N hydrochloric acid, aging the system at 10-15 ℃ for 1h, and filtering to obtain an azilsartan wet product. Recrystallizing and purifying the obtained wet product once by using a mixed solvent of 20Kg of ethanol and 3Kg of dimethyl sulfoxide, pulping and leaching the filtered wet product once by using 2Kg of methyl acetate, draining, and drying in vacuum at 45 ℃ for 8h to obtain 3.0Kg of purified azilsartan, wherein the yield is 70.5%; melting point: 210-211 ℃ and the purity is 99.3 percent. 1 HNMR(DMSO-d 6 400M) δ:13.78 (br, 1H), 12.07 (br, 1H), 7.69 to 7.64 (m, 3H), 7.56 to 7.49 (m, 3H), 7.25 to 7.19 (m, 3H), 7.06 (d, J =7.8hz, 1h), 5.69 (s, 2H), 4.60 (q, J =8.2hz, 2h), 1.38 (t, J =8.0hz, 3h); calculated LC-MS: 456.46, detection value M +1:457.5.
high performance liquid phase conditions (column: agilent zorbax SB-C18, 150 x 4.6mm,5.0mm; mobile phase A:0.1% phosphoric acid aqueous solution, mobile phase B: acetonitrile; gradient: 0min,80% A,12min,10% A,14min,10% A,14.1min,80% A,20min,80% A; column temperature: 25 ℃, flow rate: 1.0mL/min, sample introduction amount: 5. Mu.L, detection wavelength: 254 nm).
The results are as follows:
| serial number | Time/min | Peak width/min | Peak area | Peak area% | Name (R) |
| 1 | 4.819 | 0.0900 | 16.43738 | 0.1903 | |
| 2 | 8.956 | 0.1206 | 8.26836 | 0.0957 | Impurity A |
| 3 | 9.893 | 0.0969 | 27.11018 | 0.3138 | Impurity B |
| 4 | 11.947 | 0.0798 | 8577.93848 | 99.2941 | Azilsartan |
| 5 | 12.199 | 0.0611 | 1.81568 | 0.0210 | Impurity C |
| 6 | 12.781 | 0.0586 | 7.35242 | 0.0851 | C6 methyl ester |
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of azilsartan medoxomil is characterized by comprising the following steps: performing cyclization reaction on the compound I and ammonium carbonate in a solvent to obtain azilsartan medoxomil;
wherein R is C 1 -C 4 Alkyl or phenyl.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the cyclization reaction is carried out under a nitrogen or inert gas blanket.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the cyclization reaction is carried out in a closed system, and/or wherein the reaction pressure of the cyclization reaction is 0.2Mpa to 2.0Mpa.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the closed system is an autoclave, and/or the ring-forming reaction is carried out at a pressure of 0.6MPa to 0.8MPa.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method satisfies one or more of the following conditions:
(1) Said C 1 -C 4 Alkyl is methyl or ethyl;
(2) The solvent is an organic solvent;
(3) The mass ratio of the organic solvent to the compound I is 5-15;
(4) The molar ratio of the ammonium carbonate to the compound I is 1.0-10.0;
(5) The reaction temperature of the cyclization reaction is 50-200 ℃.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the method satisfies one or more of the following conditions:
(1) R is methyl or ethyl;
(2) The solvent is one or more of ester solvent, ether solvent, ketone solvent, aromatic hydrocarbon solvent and polar aprotic solvent;
(3) The mass ratio of the organic solvent to the compound I is 10-11.25;
(4) The molar ratio of the ammonium carbonate to the compound I is 5-6;
(5) The reaction temperature of the cyclization reaction is 100-110 ℃.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the method satisfies one or more of the following conditions:
(1) The ester solvent is ethyl acetate and/or isopropyl acetate;
(2) The ether solvent is methyl tertiary ether and/or dioxane;
(3) The ketone solvent is acetone and/or methyl isobutyl ketone;
(4) The aromatic hydrocarbon solvent is toluene;
(5) The polar aprotic solvent is dimethyl sulfoxide and/or N-methylpyrrolidone.
8. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the cyclization reaction is carried out under the protection of nitrogen or inert gas, the cyclization reaction is carried out in a closed system, the R is methyl or ethyl, the solvent is dimethyl sulfoxide or N-methylpyrrolidone, the mass ratio of the organic solvent to the compound I is 10-11.25, the molar ratio of the ammonium carbonate to the compound I is 5-6, the reaction temperature is 100-110 ℃, and the reaction pressure is 0.6-0.8 MPa.
9. The preparation method of azilsartan is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Preparing azilsartan medoxomil according to the method for preparing azilsartan medoxomil according to any one of claims 1 to 8;
(2) In water, in the presence of alkali, carrying out hydrolysis reaction on the azilsartan medoxomil prepared in the step (1) to obtain azilsartan medoxomil;
for example, in the hydrolysis reaction, the alkali is potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide, and/or the reaction temperature is 40 ℃ to 60 ℃.
10. A method for recrystallizing azilsartan is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(a) Preparing azilsartan according to the preparation method of azilsartan according to claim 9;
(b) Recrystallizing the azilsartan prepared in the step (a) in a solvent to obtain the azilsartan;
for example, in the step (b), the solvent is methanol and dimethyl sulfoxide in a mass ratio of 10.
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