CN115673868A - Five-axis linkage ultra-precision machining detection test piece and detection method thereof - Google Patents
Five-axis linkage ultra-precision machining detection test piece and detection method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115673868A CN115673868A CN202211105502.1A CN202211105502A CN115673868A CN 115673868 A CN115673868 A CN 115673868A CN 202211105502 A CN202211105502 A CN 202211105502A CN 115673868 A CN115673868 A CN 115673868A
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- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 4
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Abstract
A five-axis linkage ultra-precision machining detection test piece and a detection method thereof belong to the technical field of ultra-precision machining. According to the test piece, the five axis systems of the machine tool must participate in linkage in the machining process through the structural design, the test piece is simple in structural shape, high in machining efficiency and convenient to detect, and the machining precision of the five-axis linkage ultra-precision machining tool can be evaluated. The test piece is composed of an eccentric ball, an extension cone, a patch panel and a mounting column which are integrally connected from top to bottom; the mounting column is mounted on a main shaft of the five-axis ultra-precision machine tool through a quick-change clamp, the eccentric ball is eccentrically arranged relative to the mounting column, and the eccentric ball and the extension cone are coaxially arranged. The five-axis linkage ultra-precision machining tool can be used for quickly detecting the five-axis linkage machining precision of the five-axis linkage ultra-precision machining tool, and is smaller in size, high in machining speed and higher in efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ultra-precision machining, and particularly relates to a five-axis linkage ultra-precision machining detection test piece and a detection method thereof.
Background
With the development of the technology, the ultra-precision machining of parts with complex shapes is more and more required, and the increase of the number of machine tool axes becomes a development trend of the current ultra-precision machine tool. If complex parts such as an off-axis free-form surface, a non-revolution symmetric surface and the like need to be subjected to ultra-precise cutting machining, a multi-axis ultra-precise machine tool is required. According to the motion relation of each shafting of the machine tool, the machine tool can realize the processing of various complex parts only by five degrees of freedom at most. Therefore, the ultraprecise cutting processing of the complex parts can be realized through the five-axis linkage ultraprecise processing machine tool.
In order to detect the real machining performance of the machine tool, the test piece is required to be machined before the machine tool leaves a factory. Many foreign scholars have studied the machining test piece of the five-axis linkage machine tool. Among them is the NAS 979 specimen, designed in 1969, consisting of a circle, a square, a rhombus and a quadrilateral with an included angle of 3 °, which is included in standard ISO 10791-7, 1998, and which is then optimized by the standards committee to add partial hole-like features, becoming the M1 specimen in ISO 10791-7. As the NAS 979 test piece and the M1 test piece are both composed of simple cubes, do not comprise complex curved surfaces and cannot meet the increasingly complex processing and detection requirements, german scholars add the characteristics of frustum, spherical surface, letter groove and the like on the original basis and set up the Meisuedes test piece, also called NCG test piece. The China ' S Zhonghong industry Chengdu aircraft industry group company provides an ' S ' -shaped test piece according to years of production experience, the test piece integrates some typical characteristics of a complex curved surface, such as a thin wall, a cubic spline surface and the like, can better detect each precision of a five-axis numerical control machine tool, and directly realizes the judgment of important factors of machining errors. In 9 months 2012, the "S" shaped test piece becomes a new international standard test piece as an additional test piece.
However, the test piece is mainly oriented to a common numerical control machine tool or a precision numerical control machine tool, the machining size is large, and if the sample pieces are used for verifying the machining precision of the ultra-precision machine tool, the problems that the ultra-precision level error cannot be identified, the machining time is too long, and the efficiency is low are faced, so that the error detection sample piece needs to be redesigned according to the characteristics of high precision and low machining speed of the ultra-precision machine tool.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of the existing test piece and further provides a five-axis linkage ultra-precision machining detection test piece and a detection method thereof.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a five-axis linkage ultra-precision machining detection test piece is composed of four parts, namely an eccentric ball, an extension cone, a transfer plate and a mounting column which are integrally connected from top to bottom; the mounting column is mounted on a main shaft of the five-axis ultra-precision machine tool through a quick-change clamp, the eccentric ball is eccentrically arranged relative to the mounting column, and the eccentric ball and the extension cone are coaxially arranged.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the five-axis linkage machining precision detection device can be used for quickly detecting the five-axis linkage machining precision of the five-axis linkage ultra-precision machining tool, and compared with the existing NSA test pieces, M1 test pieces, NCG test pieces, S-shaped test pieces and the like, the five-axis linkage ultra-precision machining tool is smaller in size, high in machining speed and higher in efficiency.
2. The test piece only carries out ultra-precision machining on the eccentric ball part, has a simple structure, is convenient for compiling a numerical control program, and is convenient for using a three-coordinate measuring machine tool to carry out quick measurement.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a front view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a test piece of the present invention being milled;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a measurement path of the present invention;
wherein: 1. an eccentric ball; 2. an elongated cone; 3. a patch panel; 4. mounting a column; 5. a machine tool cutter; 6. the top point of the eccentric ball; 7. measuring a path; 8. measuring points; 11. an axis I; 12. a solid angle; 41. and the second axis.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the objects, structure and function of the invention, reference should be made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, the five-axis linkage ultra-precision machining detection test piece is composed of an eccentric ball 1, an extension cone 2, an adapter plate 3 and a mounting column 4 which are integrally connected from top to bottom; the mounting column 4 can be mounted on a spindle of a five-axis ultra-precision machine tool through a quick-change clamp, the eccentric ball 1 is eccentrically arranged relative to the mounting column 4, and the eccentric ball 1 and the extension cone 2 are coaxially arranged.
Wherein: the erection column 4 sets up in keysets 3 one side, and eccentric ball 1 sets up at keysets 3 opposite sides, and eccentric ball 1 realizes the eccentric settings of relative erection column 4 through keysets 3.
As shown in fig. 2, the eccentric distance between the first axis 11 of the eccentric ball 1 and the extended cone 2 and the second axis 41 of the mounting column 4 should be greater than the radius of the eccentric ball 1, so that the Y axis of the five-axis ultra-precision machine tool participates in linkage during machining, and the first axis 11 and the second axis should be parallel.
As shown in fig. 3, the eccentric ball 1 is a spherical cap structure, and the solid angle 12 of the spherical cap should be larger than 90 °, so that the B axis of the five-axis ultra-precision machine tool participates in linkage in the processing process.
In the process of machining the eccentric ball 1, five shafting of the five-axis ultra-precision machine tool all participate in linkage.
The upper end and the lower end of the extension cone 2 are cylindrical parts with coaxial reducing diameters, the cylindrical parts at the two ends are in smooth transition through a middle cone part, and the whole length of the extension cone 2 is adjusted according to a five-axis ultra-precision machine tool cutter to avoid interference.
The second axis 41 of the mounting column 4 is coincident with the axis of a main shaft of the five-axis ultra-precision machine tool, and an adjustable eccentric device such as a four-jaw chuck cannot be used.
The detection method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a blank by a four-jaw eccentric chuck device or other processing methods;
s2, mounting the blank on a five-axis ultra-precision machine tool;
the method specifically comprises the following steps: and (4) mounting the mounting column 4 part of the blank on a main shaft of a five-shaft ultra-precision machine tool.
S3, performing in-situ rough machining on the eccentric ball 1 part of the blank by using a five-axis ultra-precision machine tool such as a milling cutter or a PCD cutter and the like and using a machine tool cutter 5, as shown in FIG. 4;
s4, carrying out ultra-precision machining on the roughly machined eccentric ball 1, wherein the cutting depth is not more than 5 mu m each time, and avoiding deformation of the extension cone part caused by large cutting depth;
and S5, measuring the processed eccentric ball 1.
Has the following steps: measuring the eccentric ball 1 by using a three-coordinate measuring instrument, performing sphericity fitting on the measurement result, selecting a plurality of measurement paths 7 with different angles for measurement in order to ensure the measurement accuracy, calculating the radius of the eccentric ball 1 by using a least square method, subtracting the radius of the eccentric ball 1 from the distance from a measurement point 8 to the center of the ball to obtain a processing error, wherein the maximum deviation value is the error of five-axis linkage ultra-precision processing.
Wherein: the measuring path 7 is a meridian passing through the top point 6 of the eccentric ball, the angle corresponding to the central angle of the eccentric ball is larger than 180 degrees, and the measuring points 8 are distributed along the measuring path 7 at equal angles theta. As shown in fig. 5.
It is to be understood that the present invention has been described with reference to certain embodiments, and that various changes in the features and embodiments, or equivalent substitutions may be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A five-axis linkage ultra-precision machining detection test piece is characterized in that: the test piece is composed of an eccentric ball (1), an extension cone (2), an adapter plate (3) and a mounting column (4) which are integrally connected from top to bottom; the mounting column (4) is mounted on a main shaft of a five-axis ultra-precision machine tool through a quick-change clamp, the eccentric ball (1) is eccentrically arranged relative to the mounting column (4), and the eccentric ball (1) and the extension cone (2) are coaxially arranged.
2. The five-axis linkage ultra-precision machining detection test piece according to claim 1, characterized in that: the mounting column (4) is arranged on one side of the adapter plate (3), the eccentric ball (1) is arranged on the other side of the adapter plate (3), and the eccentric ball (1) is arranged eccentrically relative to the mounting column (4) through the adapter plate (3).
3. The five-axis linkage ultra-precision machining detection test piece according to claim 2, characterized in that: the eccentric distance between a first axis (11) where the eccentric ball (1) and the extension cone (2) are located and a second axis (41) where the mounting column (4) is located is larger than the radius of the eccentric ball (1), so that the Y axis of the five-axis ultra-precision machine tool participates in linkage in the machining process, and the first axis (11) is parallel to the second axis.
4. The five-axis linkage ultra-precision machining detection test piece according to claim 3, characterized in that: the eccentric ball (1) is of a spherical crown structure, the solid angle (12) of the spherical crown is larger than 90 degrees, and the B shaft of the five-axis ultra-precision machine tool can participate in linkage in the machining process.
5. The five-axis linkage ultra-precision machining detection test piece according to claim 1, characterized in that: both ends are the cylindrical part of coaxial reducing about extension cone (2), and the cylindrical part at both ends is by the cone part smooth transition in the middle of, extension cone (2) overall length is adjusted according to five ultra-precision machine tool cutters, avoids taking place to interfere.
6. The five-axis linkage ultra-precision machining detection test piece according to claim 1, characterized in that: and a second axis (41) of the mounting column (4) is superposed with the axis of the main shaft of the five-axis ultra-precision machine tool.
7. The detection method for detecting the test piece by utilizing the five-axis linkage ultra-precision machining of any one of claims 1 to 6 is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a blank;
s2, mounting the blank on a five-shaft ultra-precision machine tool;
s3, performing in-place rough machining on the eccentric ball (1) part of the blank by using a machine tool cutter (5);
s4, ultra-precision machining is carried out on the roughly machined eccentric ball (1);
and S5, measuring the processed eccentric ball (1).
8. The detection method for five-axis linkage ultra-precision machining according to claim 7, characterized in that: and in the S2, the mounting column (4) of the blank is partially mounted on a main shaft of the five-shaft ultra-precision machine tool.
9. The detection method for five-axis linkage ultra-precision machining according to claim 8, characterized in that: in the step S5, the eccentric ball (1) is measured by using a three-coordinate measuring instrument, sphericity fitting is carried out on the measurement result, a plurality of measurement paths (7) with different angles are selected for ensuring measurement accuracy to carry out measurement, the radius of the eccentric ball (1) is obtained by using a least square method, the distance from a measurement point (8) to the center of the ball is subtracted from the radius of the eccentric ball (1) to obtain a machining error, and the maximum deviation value is the error of five-axis linkage ultra-precision machining.
10. The detection method for five-axis linkage ultra-precision machining according to claim 9, characterized in that: the measuring path (7) is a meridian passing through the top point (6) of the eccentric ball, the angle of the meridian corresponding to the central angle is larger than 180 degrees, and the measuring points (8) are distributed along the measuring path (7) at equal angles theta.
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Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6301007B1 (en) * | 1998-05-29 | 2001-10-09 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Machine tool locator |
| CN101000285A (en) * | 2007-01-16 | 2007-07-18 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | S-shaped test piece for integrated detecting precision of numerical control milling machine and its detecting method |
| CN101281088A (en) * | 2008-05-13 | 2008-10-08 | 苏州试验仪器总厂 | Three-axis six-freedom degree vibration test apparatus |
| CN101915679A (en) * | 2010-08-06 | 2010-12-15 | 西安理工大学 | Multi-spindle-linkage shifting and loading device for machining centre and method for detecting distribution of static stiffness |
| CN105364639A (en) * | 2015-11-13 | 2016-03-02 | 中航工业哈尔滨轴承有限公司 | Grinding and finish lapping process for bearing ring whole peach type channel |
| CN212705638U (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2021-03-16 | 四川赛尔阀门制造有限公司 | Eccentric spheroid processing frock |
| CN113400093A (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2021-09-17 | 宁波大学 | Dynamic motion error detection method for rotating shaft of five-axis machine tool |
-
2022
- 2022-09-09 CN CN202211105502.1A patent/CN115673868B/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6301007B1 (en) * | 1998-05-29 | 2001-10-09 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Machine tool locator |
| CN101000285A (en) * | 2007-01-16 | 2007-07-18 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | S-shaped test piece for integrated detecting precision of numerical control milling machine and its detecting method |
| CN101281088A (en) * | 2008-05-13 | 2008-10-08 | 苏州试验仪器总厂 | Three-axis six-freedom degree vibration test apparatus |
| CN101915679A (en) * | 2010-08-06 | 2010-12-15 | 西安理工大学 | Multi-spindle-linkage shifting and loading device for machining centre and method for detecting distribution of static stiffness |
| CN105364639A (en) * | 2015-11-13 | 2016-03-02 | 中航工业哈尔滨轴承有限公司 | Grinding and finish lapping process for bearing ring whole peach type channel |
| CN212705638U (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2021-03-16 | 四川赛尔阀门制造有限公司 | Eccentric spheroid processing frock |
| CN113400093A (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2021-09-17 | 宁波大学 | Dynamic motion error detection method for rotating shaft of five-axis machine tool |
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