CN115664405A - Multichannel analog front-end sensing interface circuit based on current domain frequency division multiplexing - Google Patents
Multichannel analog front-end sensing interface circuit based on current domain frequency division multiplexing Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a multichannel analog front end sensing interface circuit based on current domain frequency division multiplexing, which comprises a frequency modulator module, an instrument transconductance amplifier module and a programmable transimpedance amplifier module, wherein the frequency modulator module is connected with the instrument transconductance amplifier module; the frequency modulator module consists of N frequency modulators or choppers and is used for modulating a low-frequency N-channel input signal to N different high-frequency wave bands to obtain an N-channel high-frequency wave band signal; the meter transconductance amplifier module comprises N meter transconductance amplifiers and is used for converting N-channel high-frequency waveband signals from a voltage domain into a current domain and adding the signals in the form of current signals to obtain current sum signals; the programmable trans-impedance amplifier module is used for converting the current and the signal into a voltage signal and providing variable gain to obtain an output signal. The method has the advantages that the power is not increased rapidly when the number of channels is increased, the average single-channel power consumption cost is low, and the universality is good.
Description
[ technical field ] A
The invention relates to the technical field of analog integrated circuits, in particular to a multichannel analog front-end sensing interface circuit based on current domain frequency division multiplexing.
[ background ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
With the aging of society and the development of integrated circuit technology, electronic health is expected to occupy more and more positions in future medical systems and is realized in a wearable sensing and home diagnosis and treatment manner. The noise performance and the anti-interference capability of the sensing interface determine the quality of signal acquisition, the power consumption performance of the sensing interface determines the cruising ability of the sensing equipment, and the performance of the sensing interface circuit directly determines the quality of the sensing equipment. In an electronic health application scenario, in order to further improve the spatial-temporal resolution of signal sensing and achieve more effective early warning and diagnosis, the sensing interface often needs to support multi-channel sensing. However, the power consumption and the inter-channel interference will also increase with the increase of the number of channels, and this problem becomes a major problem which currently limits the multi-channel wearable sensing device. Therefore, the high-performance multi-channel sensing interface circuit with lower power consumption and less interference is of great significance for improving the performance of wearable sensing equipment and realizing an electronic health strategy.
In order to realize multi-channel signal acquisition, a complete signal processing link is provided for each channel in the earliest way, including a front-end amplification circuit and an analog-to-digital conversion circuit, where the analog-to-digital conversion circuit occupies most of the power consumption and area, and thus when the number of channels increases, the power consumption and area of the channels increase greatly, which is not favorable for practical use. And then, a multi-channel multiplexing technology is provided, namely, only one or a few analog-to-digital conversion circuits are used, and the power consumption and the area overhead of the sensing interface can be effectively reduced by multiplexing the analog-to-digital conversion circuits. Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional multi-channel multiplexing circuit. As shown in fig. 1, there are three mainstream multi-channel multiplexing technologies at present: 1) Voltage domain time division multiplexing; 2) Current domain time division multiplexing; 3) Voltage domain frequency division multiplexing. The voltage domain time division multiplexing uses N independent amplifiers, the analog-to-digital converter is driven by the selector and the buffer, and the multichannel multiplexing function is realized by selecting signals of a certain channel at different times. However, as the number of channels increases, on the one hand, the load capacitance selector of the amplifier increases in square, and on the other hand, the available on-time per channel becomes shorter, i.e., the setup time of the buffer also becomes shorter, with the result that the power consumption increases severely; and the independent amplifier of each channel has the problem of gain mismatch. The current domain time division multiplexing technology reduces the influence of the increase of load capacitance on power consumption when the number of channels increases by replacing the amplifier and the buffer with the meter transconductance amplifier and the transimpedance amplifier, but the problem of gain mismatch among the channels still exists, which is derived from the structural weakness of the time division multiplexing technology, namely that N independent amplifiers must be used. The voltage domain frequency division multiplexing technology can complete multi-channel signal processing by modulating signals of different channels to different high frequency bands and only using one group of amplifiers and analog-to-digital converters, thereby solving the problem of gain mismatch. However, when the number of channels is increased, the modulation frequency will be increased on one hand, and the feedback factor of the amplifier will be reduced due to the increase of the input capacitance on the other hand, the total power consumption will increase in a square manner under the combined action of the two factors, and the power consumption of a single channel will increase linearly
Aiming at the technical problems of a multi-channel analog front-end sensing interface of a mainstream multi-channel multiplexing technology, the invention carries out technical improvement on a multi-channel analog front-end sensing interface circuit based on a current domain frequency division multiplexing technology.
[ summary of the invention ]
The invention aims to provide a multi-channel analog sensing interface circuit which has no sharp increase of power when the number of channels is increased, low average single-channel power consumption overhead and good universality.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is a multichannel analog front-end sensing interface circuit based on current domain frequency division multiplexing, which comprises a frequency modulator module, an instrument transconductance amplifier module and a programmable transimpedance amplifier module; the frequency modulator module consists of N frequency modulators or choppers and is used for modulating a low-frequency N-channel input signal to N different high-frequency wave bands to obtain an N-channel high-frequency wave band signal; the meter transconductance amplifier module comprises N meter transconductance amplifiers and is used for converting N-channel high-frequency waveband signals from a voltage domain into a current domain and adding the signals in the form of current signals to obtain current sum signals; the programmable trans-impedance amplifier module is used for converting the current and the signal into a voltage signal and providing variable gain to obtain an output signal.
Preferably, in the multichannel analog front-end sensing interface circuit based on current domain frequency division multiplexing, a low-frequency N-channel input signal is firstly modulated by a frequency modulator module to be transmitted to N different high-frequency carriers f 1 、f 2 …f N Multiplying, namely moving the low-frequency N-channel input signal to a high-frequency k x fx, wherein k =1,2 \8230, x =1,2, \8230, N; the high frequency carrier f 1 、f 2 …f N The frequencies are equally spaced, and the higher harmonic wave of more than three times is far away from f N 。
Preferably, the programmable transimpedance amplifier comprises a fully differential operational amplifier, a programmable resistor array, a cross-over capacitor and a programming switch; the fully differential operational amplifier is used for inputting current and signals to obtain output signals; the programmable resistor array is used for controlling the equivalent resistance value of the programmable trans-impedance amplifier module; the cross-over capacitor is used for controlling the bandwidth of the programmable trans-impedance amplifier and the bandwidth of the whole sensing interface circuit together with the programmable resistor array; the programming switch is used for controlling the size of the on-resistance of the programmable resistance array, so that the equivalent impedance and the bandwidth of the programmable trans-impedance amplifier are controlled.
Preferably, the low-frequency N-channel input signal is a differential input and the output signal is a differential output.
Preferably, the programmable resistor array comprises a first programmable resistor array and a second programmable resistor array, the first programmable resistor array is connected in parallel between the negative input end and the positive output end of the fully differential operational amplifier, the second programmable resistor array is connected in parallel between the positive input end and the negative output end of the fully differential operational amplifier, and the resistance values of the first programmable resistor array and the second programmable resistor array are the same; the cross-over capacitor comprises two negative feedback capacitors, wherein one negative feedback capacitor is connected in parallel between the negative input end and the positive output end of the fully differential operational amplifier, the other negative feedback capacitor is connected in parallel between the positive input end and the negative output end of the fully differential operational amplifier, and the two negative feedback capacitors have the same value; the programming switches comprise a 1 st pair of programming switches, a 2 nd pair of programming switches, \8230 \ 8230, and an Mth pair of programming switches, wherein the size of the on-resistance of the programmable resistance array is controlled by the on and off of the programming switches.
Preferably, the low frequency N-channel input signal is a low frequency physiological signal.
Preferably, the low-frequency physiological signal is acquired by a wearable electrode, and is input to the frequency modulator module after being pre-processed by a low-pass filter.
Preferably, the wearable electrode is an electrode of a wearable device.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) Combining current domain signal processing and frequency division multiplexing technology, splitting voltage gain in the voltage domain frequency division multiplexing technology into the product of the gain of an instrument transconductance amplifier and the gain of a transimpedance amplifier, and finishing the signal amplification function required by a sensing interface;
2) The open-loop element is used for generating gain, when the number of channels is increased, the power consumption cannot be increased due to the fact that the feedback factor is reduced, and the power consumption expense when the number of channels is increased is reduced;
3) The gain is controlled by the programming switch, so that the gain control circuit is convenient to combine with a digital circuit and has good universality.
[ description of the drawings ]
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional multichannel multiplexing circuit structure, where (a) is a schematic diagram of a multichannel voltage domain time division multiplexing circuit structure, (b) is a schematic diagram of a multichannel current domain time division multiplexing circuit structure, (c) is a schematic diagram of a multichannel voltage domain frequency division multiplexing circuit structure, and (d) is a schematic diagram of a multichannel multiplexing technology state of the art analysis.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a circuit structure of a multichannel analog front-end sensing interface based on current domain frequency division multiplexing.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a programmable transimpedance amplifier of a multichannel analog front end sensing interface circuit based on current domain frequency division multiplexing;
fig. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of a wearable device with a multichannel analog front-end sensing interface circuit based on current domain frequency division multiplexing.
The reference numerals and components referred to in the drawings are as follows: 1. the device comprises a frequency modulator module, 2, an instrument transconductance amplifier module, 3, a programmable transimpedance amplifier module, 31, a fully differential operational amplifier, 32, a programmable resistor array, 33, a cross-over capacitor, 34, a programming switch, 4, a wearable electrode, 5 and a low-pass filter.
[ detailed description ] A
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment realizes a multichannel analog front-end sensing interface circuit based on current domain frequency division multiplexing. The embodiment mainly relates to a low-power amplification function of a signal by converting a multichannel physiological input signal into a voltage domain, a current domain and a voltage domain based on an Instrument Transconductance Amplifier (ITA) and a Programmable Transimpedance Amplifier (PTIA), and the low-power amplification function can be applied to signal processing of different systems such as a wearable interface.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a circuit structure of a multichannel analog front-end sensing interface based on current domain frequency division multiplexing. As shown in fig. 2, the multichannel analog front-end sensing interface circuit based on current domain frequency division multiplexing of this embodiment includes a frequency modulator module 1, an instrument transconductance amplifier module 2, and a programmable transimpedance amplifier module 3, where a multichannel input signal passes through the analog front-end sensing interface circuit to obtain an output signal. The frequency modulator module 1 is composed of N frequency modulators or choppers, and is configured to modulate a low-frequency multichannel input signal into N different high-frequency bands; the meter transconductance amplifier module 2 comprises N meter transconductance amplifiers, and is configured to convert the high-frequency modulated multichannel input signals from a voltage domain to a current domain, add the signals in the form of current signals, and send the signals to the transimpedance amplifier; the programmable transimpedance amplifier module 3 is configured to convert the added current signal into a voltage signal, thereby providing a variable gain required by the sensing interface.
Compared with a Voltage Domain-Time Division Multiplexing (VD-FDM) technology, the Current Domain-Time Division Multiplexing (CD-FDM) technology uses an open-loop element meter transconductance amplifier to replace a meter amplifier, and a feedback factor cannot be reduced when the number of channels is increased, so that the design has the advantage of power consumption when the number of channels is increased, and is more suitable for signal processing of wearable equipment and the like which use low power consumption as a design target.
When a low-frequency physiological signal is input through N channels, the input signal is first multiplied by N different high-frequency carriers through the frequency modulator module 1 (assuming that the frequency is f) 1 、f 2 …f N ) The low-frequency signal is shifted to a high frequency k x fx (k =1,2 8230; x =1,2, \8230; N) as observed in the frequency domain. In the selection of frequency, only f needs to be controlled 1 -f N Are equally spaced and sufficiently wide, and the higher harmonics of more than three times are far away from f N The requirements can be met. By modulating the input signals at different high frequencies, the input signals can be directly added and spectrally differentiated. After frequency modulation, the input signal is converted from a voltage domain to a current domain through N parallel-connected meter transconductance amplifiers (namely meter transconductance amplifier modules 2), so that N channel signals can be added conveniently. Compared with the mode of converting the input signal from voltage to current through a capacitor in the voltage domain frequency division multiplexing technology VD-FDM, the transconductance amplifier of the instrument does not cause extra expense of power consumption due to negative feedback of the amplifier. After the currents of the N channels are added, the current signals pass through the programmable trans-impedance amplifier 3, the current signals pass through the active resistor, the signals are converted from the current domain to the voltage domain again, and meanwhile, the amplification function of the signals is completed. In order to meet the requirements of gain and low power consumption required by the system, the bridge resistor usually needs a resistance value of several hundred to several mega ohms, and if the resistor is directly used as a load of the meter transconductance amplifier, the meter transconductance amplifier has no capability of directly driving the resistor. The transimpedance amplifier is used, so that the input impedance can be reduced through negative feedback, and the function of driving a large resistor is realized. In addition, gain programmability is achieved by setting a programmable resistance value.
Preferably, the input signal is a differential input and the output signal is a differential output; or the input signal is single-ended input and the output signal is single-ended output. The signals in fig. 2 are differential input and differential output, which are only schematic, and this embodiment can also be used for processing single-ended signals, and can be flexibly adjusted in practical application.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a programmable transimpedance amplifier of a multichannel analog front-end sensing interface circuit based on current domain frequency division multiplexing. As shown in fig. 3, the programmable transimpedance amplifier module 3 of the present embodiment includes a fully differential operational amplifier 31, a programmable resistor array 32, a cross-over capacitor 33, and a programming switch 34; the programmable resistor array 32 is used for controlling an equivalent resistance of the programmable transimpedance amplifier 3, and includes a first programmable resistor array and a second programmable resistor array, the first programmable resistor array is connected in parallel between a negative input end and a positive output end of the fully differential operational amplifier 31, the second programmable resistor array is connected in parallel between a positive input end and a negative output end of the fully differential operational amplifier 31, and the resistance values of the first programmable resistor array and the second programmable resistor array are the same; the cross-over capacitor 33 is used for controlling the bandwidth of the programmable transimpedance amplifier 3 together with the programmable resistor array 32 and controlling the bandwidth of the whole sensing interface circuit, and includes two negative feedback capacitors, one of which is connected in parallel between the negative input end and the positive output end of the fully differential operational amplifier 31, and the other is connected in parallel between the positive input end and the negative output end of the fully differential operational amplifier 31, and the two negative feedback capacitors have the same size; the programming switches 34 include a 1 st pair of programming switches, a 2 nd pair of programming switches, \8230 \ 8230;, and an M pair of programming switches, and the magnitude of the on-resistance of the programmable resistance array 32 is controlled by the on and off of the programming switches, so as to control the equivalent impedance and the bandwidth magnitude of the programmable transimpedance amplifier module 3.
Specifically, the programmable transimpedance amplifier module 3 structurally includes: a fully differential operational amplifier 31, a programmable resistor array 32, a cross-over capacitor 33 and a programming switch 34.
The programmable resistor array 32 is used to determine the equivalent resistance of the programmable transimpedance amplifier 3. The programmable resistor array 32 is divided into two identical sets of resistors: rp0, rp1, \8230;, rpM (first group); rn0, rn1, \ 8230 \ 8230;, rnM (second group). Each resistor in the first group is connected in parallel between the negative input terminal VIN and the positive output terminal VOUTP of the fully differential operational amplifier 31; the resistors of the second group are connected in parallel between the positive input terminal VIP and the negative output terminal VOUTN of the fully differential operational amplifier 31. In the programmable transimpedance amplifier 3, the relationship of the programmable resistance array guarantees symmetry, i.e., rp0= Rn0, rp1= Rn1, \\8230 \8230;, rpM = RnM.
The bridging capacitor 33 is used to control the bandwidth of the programmable transimpedance amplifier 3 and the bandwidth of the whole sensing interface circuit, and structurally comprises two capacitors Cp and Cn. Where Cp is connected in parallel between the negative input terminal VIN and the positive output terminal VOUTP of the fully differential operational amplifier 31, and Cn is connected in parallel between the positive input terminal VIP and the negative output terminal VOUTN of the fully differential operational amplifier 31.
The programming switch 34 is used to control the on-resistance of the programmable resistor array 32, so as to control the equivalent impedance and bandwidth of the programmable transimpedance amplifier module 3. The programming switch 34 structurally includes: n pairs of programming switches are controlled by N signals S <0>, S <1>, S < 8230 >, S < M-1> respectively. The on-resistance of the resistor array is controlled by turning on and off the programming switch 34, so as to control the equivalent resistance of the programmable transimpedance amplifier module 3, thereby achieving the purpose of controlling the gain of the system.
Example 2
The embodiment realizes a multichannel analog front-end sensing interface circuit based on current domain frequency division multiplexing.
The multi-channel analog front-end sensing interface circuit of the embodiment is mainly applied to signal processing of wearable sensing equipment. Wearable sensing is a key core technology for realizing electronic health. The wearable sensing chips are deployed at various parts of a human body, so that the sensing and transmission of various bioelectric signals (such as electrocardio signals ECG, electroencephalogram signals EEG and the like) can be realized, and the wearable sensing chips are used for health monitoring and disease early warning or diagnosis. Typical wearable equipment integrates functions of energy management, signal sensing, data processing and the like, a sensing interface acquires bioelectricity signals through electrodes in a specific form and then performs amplification and analog-to-digital conversion, and a digital signal processing module performs classification and identification on the signals. The sensing interface is used as an entrance for sensing and processing signals, the power consumption performance of the sensing interface directly determines the cruising ability of the sensing interface and is closely related to the actual use experience. Furthermore, to improve the spatio-temporal resolution, the wearable interface requires multi-channel perception. The size of the bioelectric signal can be greatly different along with the position of the electrode and the variety of the bioelectric signal, and the gain of the sensing interface circuit is often required to be adjustable in order to meet the requirement of subsequent digital signal processing and avoid the condition that the signal is too large or too small and exceeds the input range of the signal. For signals with small amplitude, the gain of the sensing interface needs to be high; for signals with larger amplitudes, the gain of the sensing interface needs to be lower, so as to meet the requirement of the signal processing input range.
Fig. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of a wearable device with a multichannel analog front-end sensing interface circuit based on current domain frequency division multiplexing. As shown in fig. 4, in the multichannel analog front-end sensing interface circuit based on current domain frequency division multiplexing according to this embodiment, after being collected by the wearable electrode 4, the multichannel input signal enters the multichannel analog front-end sensing interface circuit according to the above embodiment 1 through the low-pass filter 5, and is added and amplified for subsequent analysis. In the application, signals of the output ends OUTP and OUTN are amplified and then converted into digital signals through the analog-to-digital converter, and then the physiological signals are analyzed and detected through signal classification and identification.
In this embodiment, the multichannel analog front-end sensing interface circuit based on current domain frequency division multiplexing described in embodiment 1 is used for a wearable sensing interface, and the instrument amplifier is decomposed into a combination of multiple instrument transconductance amplifiers and transimpedance amplifiers, so that the feedback factor is not related to the number of channels, thereby reducing power consumption overhead, facilitating application under multiple channels, and being designed to be variable gain, which facilitates subsequent data processing and analysis.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all or part of the steps of implementing the above embodiments may be implemented by hardware, or may be implemented by a program instructing associated hardware, and the program may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, where the storage medium may be a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), or the like.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and additions can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these should also be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A multichannel analog front end sensing interface circuit based on current domain frequency division multiplexing is characterized in that: the device comprises a frequency modulator module (1), an instrument transconductance amplifier module (2) and a programmable transimpedance amplifier module (3); the frequency modulator module (1) consists of N frequency modulators or choppers and is used for modulating a low-frequency N-channel input signal to N different high-frequency wave bands to obtain an N-channel high-frequency wave band signal; the meter transconductance amplifier module (2) comprises N meter transconductance amplifiers, and is used for converting N-channel high-frequency waveband signals from a voltage domain into a current domain and adding the signals in the form of current signals to obtain current sum signals; the programmable transimpedance amplifier module (3) is used for converting the current and the signal into a voltage signal and providing a variable gain to obtain an output signal.
2. The multi-channel analog front-end sensing interface circuit based on current domain frequency division multiplexing of claim 1, wherein: the low-frequency N-channel input signal and N different high-frequency carriers f are firstly processed by a frequency modulator module (1) 1 、f 2 …f N Multiplying, and moving a low-frequency N-channel input signal to a high frequency k x fx, wherein k =1,2 8230, x =1,2, \8230N; the high frequency carrier f 1 、f 2 …f N The frequencies are spaced at equal intervals, and the higher harmonics of the third order or more are distant from f N 。
3. The multi-channel analog front-end sensing interface circuit based on current domain frequency division multiplexing of claim 2, wherein: the programmable transimpedance amplifier (3) comprises a fully differential operational amplifier (31), a programmable resistor array (32), a cross-over capacitor (33) and a programming switch (34); the fully differential operational amplifier (31) is used for inputting current and signals to obtain output signals; the programmable resistor array (32) is used for controlling the equivalent resistance value of the programmable trans-impedance amplifier module (3); the cross-over capacitor (33) is used for controlling the bandwidth of the programmable trans-impedance amplifier (3) and the bandwidth of the whole sensing interface circuit together with the programmable resistor array (32); the programming switch (34) is used for controlling the size of the on-resistance of the programmable resistance array (32), so as to control the equivalent impedance and the bandwidth size of the programmable transimpedance amplifier (3).
4. The multi-channel analog front-end sensing interface circuit based on current domain frequency division multiplexing of claim 3, wherein: the low-frequency N-channel input signal is a differential input, and the output signal is a differential output.
5. The multi-channel analog front-end sensing interface circuit based on current domain frequency division multiplexing of claim 4, wherein: the programmable resistor array (32) comprises a first programmable resistor array and a second programmable resistor array, the first programmable resistor array is connected between the negative input end and the positive output end of the fully differential operational amplifier (31) in parallel, the second programmable resistor array is connected between the positive input end and the negative output end of the fully differential operational amplifier (31) in parallel, and the resistance values of the first programmable resistor array and the second programmable resistor array are the same; the cross-over capacitor (33) comprises two negative feedback capacitors, wherein one negative feedback capacitor is connected in parallel between the negative input end and the positive output end of the fully differential operational amplifier (31), the other negative feedback capacitor is connected in parallel between the positive input end and the negative output end of the fully differential operational amplifier (31), and the two negative feedback capacitors are the same in size; the programming switches (34) comprise a 1 st pair of programming switches, a 2 nd pair of programming switches, \8230 \ 8230;, and an Mth pair of programming switches, and the magnitude of the on-resistance of the programmable resistance array (32) is controlled by the opening and closing of the programming switches (34).
6. The multi-channel analog front-end sensing interface circuit based on the current-domain frequency division multiplexing technology of claim 1, wherein: the low frequency N-channel input signal is a low frequency physiological signal.
7. The multi-channel analog front-end sensing interface circuit based on the current domain frequency division multiplexing technology of claim 6, wherein: the low-frequency physiological signals are collected through a wearable electrode (4), and are input into the frequency modulator module (1) after being subjected to preprocessing through a low-pass filter (5).
8. The multi-channel analog front-end sensing interface circuit based on the current domain frequency division multiplexing technology of claim 7, wherein: the wearable electrode (4) is an electrode of a wearable device.
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| CN117322894B (en) * | 2023-11-16 | 2024-04-02 | 成都信息工程大学 | Electroencephalogram acquisition analog front-end circuit adopting dual-channel multiplexing technology |
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