CN115612161B - Method for preparing polymer foam by powder method - Google Patents
Method for preparing polymer foam by powder method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115612161B CN115612161B CN202110783380.0A CN202110783380A CN115612161B CN 115612161 B CN115612161 B CN 115612161B CN 202110783380 A CN202110783380 A CN 202110783380A CN 115612161 B CN115612161 B CN 115612161B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
- C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
- C08J9/122—Hydrogen, oxygen, CO2, nitrogen or noble gases
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
- C08J2203/06—CO2, N2 or noble gases
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2371/00—Characterised by the use of polyethers obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2371/08—Polyethers derived from hydroxy compounds or from their metallic derivatives
- C08J2371/10—Polyethers derived from hydroxy compounds or from their metallic derivatives from phenols
Abstract
The invention provides a novel method for preparing polymer foam by a powder method. The method comprises the steps of carrying out compression molding on polymer fine powder at room temperature to obtain a non-compact pre-foaming plate, and then foaming the pre-foaming plate by a carbon dioxide foaming technology to obtain the target foam material. Compared with the traditional carbon dioxide mould pressing foaming technology, the invention has the advantages of high efficiency and energy saving, and can greatly reduce the production efficiency and cost of the product.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention belongs to the field of polymer foaming technology.
Technical Field
The carbon dioxide compression molding foaming technology is one of the main technologies for preparing the polyaryletherketone (sulfone) foam board, and the foaming technology is divided into two steps: the first step is a molding process, namely, a hot press is used for molding polymer powder or granules into a plate at high temperature, then the temperature is reduced to be lower than 100 ℃, the plate is taken out, wherein the molding temperature is 340 ℃, the molding time is 40-60min, and the time of early temperature rise and later temperature reduction is added, so that the whole process needs 120-180 min; and the second step is a foaming process, wherein the obtained pre-foaming plate is placed in an autoclave, carbon dioxide is introduced, the pre-foaming plate is kept for a period of time under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure (260 ℃ and 10 MPa), then the pressure is relieved, the foaming is completed, and the whole process takes 120-240 min. Both working procedures need long-time treatment under high temperature condition, and the energy consumption is high and the efficiency is low. For example, in the patent (CN 201710187545.1), the molding temperature of a first-step foaming original plate for preparing the polyaryletherketone foam is 350 ℃, the whole process is 150min, the temperature of the foaming stage is 230-280 ℃, and the process time is 150min. The processing temperature is high, the working procedure time is long, the production energy consumption is high, the efficiency is low, and the cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of high energy consumption and low efficiency of the traditional carbon dioxide compression molding foaming technology, and can greatly reduce the cost of the polyaryletherketone (sulfone) foam.
The invention provides a novel method for preparing polymer foam by a powder method, which comprises the following operation steps:
firstly, using a vulcanizing machine to mould polyaryletherketone (sulfone) powder into a plate at room temperature, then placing the plate into a closed foaming kettle, introducing carbon dioxide, maintaining the temperature and the pressure for a certain time, and finally decompressing to finish foaming to obtain a foam product.
The room temperature is 10 to 30 ℃, preferably 25 ℃.
The fineness of the polymer powder is 200-1000 mesh, preferably 200-500 mesh. Preferably, the polymer includes, but is not limited to, polyaryletherketone (sulfone). Preferably, the structural formula of the polyaryletherketone (sulfone) is shown as formula I or formula II:
i is a kind of
II (II)
Wherein X is selected from one or two of the following structures A or B:
ar is selected from one or more than two of the following structures alpha-gamma:
ar ' is one or more than two of the following structures a-g, when Ar ' is a-e, the structural formula of the polymer corresponds to the formula (I), and when Ar ' is f-g, the structural formula of the polymer corresponds to the formula (II):
the polymer is in a main chain random copolymerization structure, and main chain repeating units randomly appear in disorder;
in the formula I, m and n represent the mole percent of the repeating units in the main chain, p is the mole percent of the repeating units of the branched chains, m+n+p= 1,0.85 is less than or equal to m+p is less than or equal to 1, m is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.85,0, p is more than or equal to 0.85,0 and less than or equal to 0.15;
80000 of Polymer < M (w) < 300000,1.8 < PDI < 3.0, preferably 150000 < M (w) 250000,2.0 < PDI < 2.8, where M (w) The weight average molecular weight, PDI, is the polymer dispersion index, characterized by GPC;
in the formula II, m ' n ' represents the mole percent of a repeating unit in a main chain, p ' q ' represents the mole percent of a branched repeating unit, m ' +n ' +p ' +q ' =1, m ' < 0.85,0 ' < 0.85,0 ' < 0.85,0.85 ' +p ' +q ' < 1, and n ' 0.15;
80000 of Polymer < M (w) < 300000,1.8 < PDI < 3.0, preferably 150000 < M (w) 250000,2.0 < PDI < 2.8, where M (w) The weight average molecular weight, PDI, is the polymer dispersion index, characterized by GPC.
The molding pressure of the powder is 5-200MPa, preferably 10-100MPa.
The molding time of the powder is 5 to 30min, preferably 10 to 20min.
The thickness of the polymer sheet is 1-15mm, preferably 4-10mm.
The holding time in the foaming kettle is 5-30min, preferably 10-20min.
The temperature in the foaming kettle is 200-350 ℃, preferably 250-330 ℃.
The pressure in the foaming kettle is 5-20MPa, preferably 10-20MPa.
The density of the foam product is 30-1000kg/m 3 Preferably 50-400kg/m 3 。
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention adopts cold press molding technology to replace the traditional hot press molding technology to prepare the pre-foaming plate, and because the polymer is not required to be melted and softened by long-time heating, the time required by the pre-foaming plate molding is greatly shortened, and the energy consumption is obviously reduced. In addition, in the foaming process, because the gap inside the cold-pressed pre-foaming plate is larger than that of the hot pressing plate, carbon dioxide can be soaked into the pre-foaming plate more quickly, the time for heat preservation and pressure maintaining is greatly shortened, the production efficiency of polymer foam in the carbon dioxide foaming technology can be obviously improved, and the cost is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron microscope image of a foam product prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Comparative example 1
Formula III
The preparation method of the polyaryletherketone with the structure shown in the formula III comprises the following steps: a three-necked flask was charged with lactone type phenolphthalein (100 mmol), 4-difluorobenzophenone (117 mmol), 1-tris (4-hydroxyphenyl) ethane (8 mmol), K 2 CO 3 (115 mmol), TMS (130 ml) and toluene (50 ml), heating the mixture to 150 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen, azeotropically removing water, keeping the temperature for 2 hours, removing toluene, continuously heating to 220 ℃ for reaction for 4 hours, cooling, adding 250ml of DMAc for dilution, precipitating in ethanol/water (volume ratio is 1:1), filtering and crushing the precipitate, repeatedly boiling and washing with deionized water for 5 times to remove inorganic salt and residual solvent, and drying to obtain the polyaryletherketone with the structure of formula (III). (M) (w) =220000, pdi=2.7). By passing through 1 H-NMR, FT-IR, GPC characterize the structure and molecular weight.
And (3) carrying out mould pressing on the dried polyaryletherketone powder (Tg=220 ℃ and particle size fineness of 300 meshes) or granules with the structure shown in the formula III in a vulcanizing machine, stopping heating after the temperature is 350 ℃ and the pressure is 10MPa for 30min, decompressing and taking out a template after the temperature is reduced to below 100 ℃, and the thickness is 5mm. Placing the obtained sample plate into a foaming kettle, sealing the kettle body, and introducing into the kettle body through a pressurizing systemCO injection into the foaming kettle 2 The gas is kept at 280 ℃ and 10MPa, after the heat preservation and pressure maintaining are carried out for 150min, the pressure relief valve of the foaming kettle is opened to quickly reduce the pressure to normal pressure, then the foaming kettle is opened to take out the sample, and the foam product is obtained, and the foam density is 90kg/m 3 。
Example 1
The dried ultrafine polyaryletherketone powder (Tg=220 ℃ C., fineness 300 mesh) having the structure of formula III prepared in comparative example 1 was molded in a vulcanizing machine at a temperature of 25 ℃ and a pressure of 20MPa for 10 minutes, and then the sample was decompressed and taken out to a thickness of 5mm. Placing the obtained sample plate into a foaming kettle, sealing the kettle body, and injecting CO into the foaming kettle through a pressurizing system 2 The gas is kept at the temperature of 280 ℃ and the pressure of 10MPa in the kettle, after the heat preservation and pressure maintaining are carried out for 10min, the pressure relief valve of the foaming kettle is opened to quickly reduce the pressure to normal pressure, then the foaming kettle is opened to take out a sample, and the foam product is obtained, and the foam density is 80kg/m 3 。
Example 2
The dried ultrafine polyaryletherketone powder (Tg=220 ℃ C., fineness 700 mesh) having the structure of formula III prepared in comparative example 1 was molded in a vulcanizing machine at 25 ℃ C., 40MPa under pressure, and after 10min, the sample was decompressed and taken out to a thickness of 4mm. Placing the obtained sample plate into a foaming kettle, sealing the kettle body, and injecting CO into the foaming kettle through a pressurizing system 2 Gas is kept at 260 ℃ and 10MPa, after heat preservation and pressure maintaining are carried out for 10min, a decompression valve of the foaming kettle is opened to rapidly reduce the pressure to normal pressure, then the foaming kettle is opened to take out a sample, and a foam product is obtained, wherein the foam density is 100kg/m 3 。
Example 3
IV (IV)
The preparation method of the polyaryletherketone with the structure of the formula IV comprises the following steps: into a three-necked flask, 3-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) -3H-isoindolinone (100 mmol), 4-difluorodiphenyl sulfone (112.5 mmol), 1,3, 5-tris (4-hydroxyphenyl) benzene (6 mmol) and K were charged 2 CO 3 (115mmol), TMS (130 ml) and toluene (50 ml), heating the mixture to 150 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen, azeotropically removing water, keeping the temperature for 2 hours, removing the toluene, continuously heating to 220 ℃ for reaction for 6 hours, cooling, adding 250ml DMAc for dilution, and adding ethanol/water (volume ratio is 1: 1) Filtering, pulverizing, repeatedly decocting with deionized water for 5 times to remove inorganic salt and residual solvent, and oven drying to obtain polyarylethersulfone (M) with structure of formula (IV) (w) 200000, pdi=2.5). By passing through 1 H-NMR, FT-IR, GPC characterize the structure and molecular weight. And (3) carrying out mould pressing on the dried superfine poly (arylene ether sulfone) powder with the structure shown in the formula IV (Tg=255 ℃, fineness of 400 meshes) in a vulcanizing machine, wherein the temperature is 25 ℃, the pressure is 20MPa, and the sample plate is decompressed and taken out after 10min, and the thickness is 4mm. Placing the obtained sample plate into a foaming kettle, sealing the kettle body, and injecting CO into the foaming kettle through a pressurizing system 2 Gas is kept at the temperature of 300 ℃ and the pressure of 15MPa in the kettle, after heat preservation and pressure maintaining are carried out for 20min, a pressure relief valve of the foaming kettle is opened to quickly reduce the pressure to normal pressure, then the foaming kettle is opened to take out a sample, and a foam product is obtained, wherein the foam density is 170kg/m 3 。
Example 4
The dried ultrafine polyethersulfone powder (tg=255 ℃, fineness 400 mesh) having the structure of formula IV prepared in example 3 was molded in a vulcanizing machine at 25 ℃, 40mpa under pressure, and after 10min, the sample was decompressed and taken out to a thickness of 4mm. Placing the obtained sample plate into a foaming kettle, sealing the kettle body, and injecting CO into the foaming kettle through a pressurizing system 2 The gas is kept at 320 ℃ and 15MPa, after heat preservation and pressure maintaining are carried out for 20min, a decompression valve of the foaming kettle is opened to quickly reduce the pressure to normal pressure, then the foaming kettle is opened to take out a sample, and a foam product is obtained, wherein the foam density is 80kg/m 3 。
Example 5
V (V)
The preparation method of the polyaryletherketone with the structure of the formula V comprises the following steps: bisphenol fluorene (100 mmol) was added to the three-necked flask4, 4-difluorobenzophenone (116 mmol), 4',4", 4'" - (ethane-1, 2-tetrayl) tetraphenol (4 mmol), K 2 CO 3 (115 mmol), TMS (130 ml) and toluene (50 ml), heating the mixture to 150 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen, azeotropically removing water, keeping the temperature for 2 hours, removing toluene, continuously heating to 220 ℃ for reaction for 6 hours, cooling, adding 250ml DMAc for dilution, precipitating in ethanol/water (volume ratio is 1:1), filtering and crushing the precipitate, repeatedly boiling and washing with deionized water for 5 times to remove inorganic salt and residual solvent, and drying to obtain the polyaryletherketone (M) with the structure of formula V (w) =180000, pdi=2.4). By passing through 1 H-NMR, FT-IR, GPC characterize the structure and molecular weight.
And (3) carrying out mould pressing on the dried polyaryletherketone superfine powder (Tg=246 ℃, fineness of 400 meshes) with the structure shown in the formula V in a vulcanizing machine, wherein the temperature is 25 ℃, the pressure is 70MPa, and the sample plate is decompressed and taken out after 25min, and the thickness is 4mm. Placing the obtained sample plate into a foaming kettle, sealing the kettle body, and injecting CO into the foaming kettle through a pressurizing system 2 Gas is kept at 310 ℃ and 15MPa, after heat preservation and pressure maintaining are carried out for 20min, a pressure relief valve of the foaming kettle is opened to quickly reduce the pressure to normal pressure, then the foaming kettle is opened to take out a sample, and a foam product is obtained, wherein the foam density is 55kg/m 3 。
Example 6
The dried ultrafine polyaryletherketone powder (tg=246 ℃, fineness 400 mesh) having the structure of formula V prepared in example 5 was molded in a vulcanizing machine at 25 ℃, pressure 70mpa, pressure was released after 25min, and a sample plate was taken out to a thickness of 4mm. Placing the obtained sample plate into a foaming kettle, sealing the kettle body, and injecting CO into the foaming kettle through a pressurizing system 2 Gas is kept at 260 ℃ and 20MPa, after heat preservation and pressure maintaining are carried out for 20min, a pressure relief valve of the foaming kettle is opened to quickly reduce the pressure to normal pressure, then the foaming kettle is opened to take out a sample, and a foam product is obtained, wherein the foam density is 255kg/m 3 。
Example 7
VI (VI)
The preparation method of the polyarylethersulfone with the structure of the formula VI comprises the following steps: a three-necked flask was charged with bisphenol fluorene (100 mmol), 4-difluorodiphenyl sulfone (115 mmol), phloroglucinol (10 mmol), K 2 CO 3 (115 mmol), TMS (130 ml) and toluene (50 ml), heating the mixture to 150 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen, azeotropically removing water, keeping the temperature for 2 hours, removing toluene, continuously heating to 220 ℃ for reaction for 6 hours, cooling, adding 250ml DMAc for dilution, precipitating in ethanol/water (volume ratio is 1:1), filtering and crushing the precipitate, repeatedly boiling and washing with deionized water for 5 times to remove inorganic salt and residual solvent, and drying to obtain the polyaryletherketone (M) with the structure of formula VI (w) 220000, pdi=2.3). By passing through 1 H-NMR, FT-IR, GPC characterize the structure and molecular weight.
And (3) carrying out mould pressing on the dried polyaryletherketone superfine powder (Tg=264 ℃ and fineness of 500 meshes) with the structure shown in the formula VI in a vulcanizing machine, wherein the temperature is 25 ℃, the pressure is 100MPa, and the sample plate is decompressed and taken out after 25min, and the thickness is 4mm. Placing the obtained sample plate into a foaming kettle, sealing the kettle body, and injecting CO into the foaming kettle through a pressurizing system 2 Gas is kept at the temperature of 300 ℃ and the pressure of 20MPa in the kettle, after heat preservation and pressure maintaining are carried out for 20min, a pressure relief valve of the foaming kettle is opened to quickly reduce the pressure to normal pressure, then the foaming kettle is opened to take out a sample, and a foam product is obtained, wherein the foam density is 170kg/m 3 。
Example 8
The dried ultrafine polyaryletherketone powder (Tg=246 ℃, fineness 400 mesh) having the structure of formula VI prepared in example 7 was molded in a vulcanizing machine at 25 ℃ and 70MPa for 25min, and then the sample was decompressed and taken out to a thickness of 4mm. Placing the obtained sample plate into a foaming kettle, sealing the kettle body, and injecting CO into the foaming kettle through a pressurizing system 2 Gas is kept at 310 ℃ and 20MPa, after heat preservation and pressure maintaining are carried out for 15min, a pressure relief valve of the foaming kettle is opened to quickly reduce the pressure to normal pressure, then the foaming kettle is opened to take out a sample, and a foam product is obtained, wherein the foam density is 105kg/m 3 。
Claims (16)
1. A method for preparing polymer foam by a powder method is characterized in that polymer powder is molded into a plate by a vulcanizing machine at the temperature of 10-30 ℃, then the plate is placed in a closed foaming kettle, carbon dioxide is introduced, the high temperature and the high pressure are maintained, and finally the pressure is relieved to finish foaming, so that a foam product is obtained, and the polymer is one or more than two of polyaryletherketone or polyarylethersulfone;
the structural formula of the polyaryletherketone or the polyarylethersulfone is shown as one of the formula I or the formula II:
wherein X is selected from one of the following structures A or B:
ar is selected from one of the following structures alpha-gamma:
ar 'is selected from one of the following structures a-g, and when Ar' is a-e, the structural formula of the polymer corresponds to the formula I,
when Ar' is f-g, the polymer structural formula corresponds to formula II:
in the formula I, m and n represent the mole percent of the repeating units in the main chain, p is the mole percent of the repeating units of the branched chains, m+n+p= 1,0.85 is less than or equal to m+p is less than or equal to 1, m is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.85,0, p is more than or equal to 0.85,0 and less than or equal to 0.15; 80000 of Polymer < M (w) 300000,1.8 < PDI < 3.0, where M (w) The weight average molecular weight, PDI, is the polymer dispersibility index;
m' in formula II,n 'represents the mole percent of the repeating units in the main chain, p', q 'is the mole percent of the branched repeating units, m' +n '+p' +q '=1, m' < 0.85,0 +.ltoreq.p '< 0.85,0 +.q' < 0.85,0.85 +.ltoreq.m '+p' +q '+.ltoreq.1, 0 +.n' < 0.15; 80000 of Polymer < M (w) 300000,1.8 < PDI < 3.0, where M (w) The weight average molecular weight, PDI, is the polymer dispersibility index.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the polymer powder has a particle size fineness of 200 to 1000 mesh.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the polymer powder has a particle size fineness of 200 to 500 mesh.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein 150000 < M of the polymer (w) 250000,2.0 < PDI < 2.8, where M (w) The weight average molecular weight, PDI, is the polymer dispersibility index.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the powder has a molding pressure of 5 to 200MPa;
the molding time of the powder is 5-30min.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the powder has a molding pressure of 10 to 100MPa;
the molding time of the powder is 10-20min.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the resulting pressed sheet has a thickness of 1-15mm.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the resulting molded sheet has a thickness of 4-10mm.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the hold time in the foaming kettle is 5-30min.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the hold time in the foaming kettle is 10 to 20 minutes.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein the temperature in the foaming kettle is 200-350 ℃.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the temperature in the foaming kettle is 250-330 ℃.
13. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pressure of introducing carbon dioxide into the foaming kettle is 5-20MPa.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein the pressure of carbon dioxide introduced into the foaming kettle is 10-20MPa.
15. The method according to claim 1, wherein the foam product obtained has a density of 30-1000kg/m 3 。
16. The method according to claim 15, wherein the foam product obtained has a density of 50-400kg/m 3 。
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| JPH07138401A (en) * | 1993-11-17 | 1995-05-30 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The | Production of polyether sulfone resin foam |
| CN106832384A (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2017-06-13 | 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所 | A kind of ketone foamed material of lateral group polyarylether containing phthalein and preparation method thereof |
| CN107474242A (en) * | 2017-09-06 | 2017-12-15 | 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所 | A kind of polymer containing long branched chain structure, preparation method and foamed material |
| CN107619496A (en) * | 2017-07-05 | 2018-01-23 | 四川大学 | Foamable polymer composite of bimodal hole-closing structure and preparation method thereof |
| CN108081629A (en) * | 2016-11-22 | 2018-05-29 | 常州天晟新材料股份有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of cardo polyetherketone structural foam |
| CN113024993A (en) * | 2021-03-24 | 2021-06-25 | 广州机械科学研究院有限公司 | Polyether-ether-ketone composite material and preparation method and application thereof |
-
2021
- 2021-07-12 CN CN202110783380.0A patent/CN115612161B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH07138401A (en) * | 1993-11-17 | 1995-05-30 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The | Production of polyether sulfone resin foam |
| CN108081629A (en) * | 2016-11-22 | 2018-05-29 | 常州天晟新材料股份有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of cardo polyetherketone structural foam |
| CN106832384A (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2017-06-13 | 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所 | A kind of ketone foamed material of lateral group polyarylether containing phthalein and preparation method thereof |
| CN107619496A (en) * | 2017-07-05 | 2018-01-23 | 四川大学 | Foamable polymer composite of bimodal hole-closing structure and preparation method thereof |
| CN107474242A (en) * | 2017-09-06 | 2017-12-15 | 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所 | A kind of polymer containing long branched chain structure, preparation method and foamed material |
| CN113024993A (en) * | 2021-03-24 | 2021-06-25 | 广州机械科学研究院有限公司 | Polyether-ether-ketone composite material and preparation method and application thereof |
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