CN115583862A - Polyacid-based low-power laser ignition method - Google Patents
Polyacid-based low-power laser ignition method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115583862A CN115583862A CN202211363003.2A CN202211363003A CN115583862A CN 115583862 A CN115583862 A CN 115583862A CN 202211363003 A CN202211363003 A CN 202211363003A CN 115583862 A CN115583862 A CN 115583862A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06C—DETONATING OR PRIMING DEVICES; FUSES; CHEMICAL LIGHTERS; PYROPHORIC COMPOSITIONS
- C06C7/00—Non-electric detonators; Blasting caps; Primers
- C06C7/02—Manufacture; Packing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B29/00—Compositions containing an inorganic oxygen-halogen salt, e.g. chlorate, perchlorate
- C06B29/22—Compositions containing an inorganic oxygen-halogen salt, e.g. chlorate, perchlorate the salt being ammonium perchlorate
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Abstract
The invention discloses a polyacid-based low-power laser ignition method, which comprises the following steps: (1) Weighing raw materials, wherein the raw materials are polyacid compounds, vanadium-oxygen clusters, molybdenum-oxygen clusters or tungsten-oxygen clusters; (2) Mixing the raw materials weighed in the step (1) with perchlorate according to the mass ratio of 1-1; (3) Filling the laser ignition composite material obtained in the step (2) serving as a primary explosive into a detonator, wherein a main charge is filled in the detonator; inserting the optical fiber into the initiating explosive or irradiating the initiating explosive without contact, and locking the detonator to obtain a laser ignition detonator; (4) And connecting the optical fiber with an upper semiconductor continuous laser, starting the laser, and igniting and detonating. The invention adopts laser ignition material with high laser sensitivity and high safety, and uses portable continuous laser to realize low cost, multipoint trigger simultaneous response and non-contact ignition.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a low-power and high-safety laser ignition method, in particular to a polyacid-based low-power laser ignition method.
Background
With the miniaturization of lasers and the advent of laser diodes, laser ignition technology has been developed. Compared with the traditional bridgewire type ignition, the laser ignition has extremely strong resistance to complex electromagnetic environment. Laser ignition is an important way for insensitive ignition of energetic materials, avoids the use of sensitive ignition powder, and is beneficial to further improving the safety of weapons. Because no bridging filament exists, the failure caused by the ablation of the bridging filament is eliminated, thereby prolonging the storage life of the weapon. In addition, the laser ignition system further includes: 1. system integration and multipoint synchronous ignition are easier to realize; 2. the self-checking of the whole ignition system can be completed without influencing the confident performance of the system. The development of the laser ignition technology has great significance for improving the battlefield viability of the weapon system.
Laser ignition systems have been reported to be successfully used by a number of weapons systems abroad [1,2,3] . The Beijing university of science and technology is mainly at home [4] Nanjing university of science and technology [5,6] China institute of engineering and physics [7,8] Shanxi applied physical chemistry research institute [9,10] Changchun light machine station [11] The laser ignition technology is subjected to tests and application research, the design of a principle prototype is realized at present, but no public report for realizing the ignition of a specific weapon system is provided.
The current laser ignition technology mainly comprises two technologies of laser driving flying disc ignition and laser direct ignition. The laser-driven flyer ignition technology utilizes high-peak-power pulse laser to irradiate metal foils (or composite dielectric foils) on an optical window (or an optical fiber end face), partial metal foils are ablated to generate high-temperature, high-pressure and high-density plasmas to drive the rest foils to fly at high speed, and the foils with high kinetic energy directly impact the explosive to achieve the ignition purpose. In 2000, the Chinese institute of engineering and physics adopted Nd-YAG laser to drive 5.5 μm thick aluminum flyer with flyer speed up to 6km/s. In 2001, the laser-driven flying piece is used for shock detonation with the density of 1.2g/cm 3 PETN grain with diameter of 5mm and height of 5 mm. Then the flyer impacts to detonate the fly ash with the density of 1.57g/cm 3 Fine particle HNS explosives. The laser-driven flyer ignition technology can ignite common insensitive high explosive, but has high requirements on the peak power of a laser.
The laser direct ignition technology directly utilizes laser ignition explosive. Common high explosive such as Tai' an, hexogen, TNT and the like has no obvious absorption to common laser with 808nm, 1064nm and the like, so that the common high explosive cannot be used for direct ignition. In order to make these explosives ignitable by laser, it is necessary to add various light absorbing substances such as carbon black, carbon nanotubes, copper phthalocyanine, etc. In 1988, sangia, USAKunz et al in national laboratory have studied the influence of doping materials such as carbon black and graphite in cobalt (III) bis (5-nitrotetrazole) perchlorate (BNCP) on laser sensitivity, and have found that the ignition sensitivity is improved by 40-55% after doping [12] . 2010. In the years, shenrich, inc. of Nanjing Physician university, measured the laser ignition threshold of soot and carbon nanotube doped hexogen (RDX) and Taian (PETN) explosives using the Bructon method. The experimental result shows that the two explosives with higher sensitivity can be directly ignited by high-peak-power pulse laser under the condition of doping carbon black [5] . However, high peak power pulsed lasers are less portable than conventional low power semiconductor lasers and are relatively costly. In order to be able to use low-power semiconductor lasers for ignition, the synthesis of new photosensitive ignition materials is urgently required.
Since the common explosive basically has no light absorption capacity or weak light absorption capacity, the laser sensitivity is generally low. In order to improve the laser sensitivity of the explosive, a module with light absorption capacity needs to be introduced when designing the explosive. Many coordination compounds have the property of being sensitive to light and are therefore used in the development of photosensitive explosives. In recent years, photosensitive explosives have been studied in countries such as the united states, germany, russia, india, and the like, and many transition metal complexes have been developed using explosive polyazoles as ligands. As shown in fig. 1, the explosive coordination compound is designed by the following steps: the transition metal is coordinated with the explosive ligand to form cation complex. The transition metal complex generally has light absorption capacity and can improve laser sensitivity. The metal reaches a high-energy state under laser, and the explosive ligand is caused to explode. Meanwhile, the coordination cations and external anions with strong oxidizing property are tightly combined together through electrostatic force, and the oxidant and the reducer are mixed at the molecular level, so that explosion is easy to occur. In addition, the presence of the metal can catalyze the overall explosion process.
The main research on explosive coordination compounds has focused on the development of different ligands to modulate the laser sensitivity of the complex. In 2013, thomas M.Klapotke, chemical department of Munich university, germany, synthesized a series of cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc and silver complexes of 3-amino-1-nitroguanidine perchloric acidSalts and nitrates. Wherein a part of the complex can be ignited by 940nm pulsed laser [13] . In 2017, 4-nitropyrazolyl substituted tetrazine is synthesized into an iron perchlorate complex by Thomas W.Myers of Los alamos national laboratory of America. The complex can be ignited by a Nd-YAG laser with the wavelength of 1064nm in 35mJ,10ns pulse, and the threshold value is lower than the ignition threshold value of PETN [14] . Even though these laser-sensitive coordination compounds can have a greatly reduced laser sensitivity compared to the aforementioned high explosives such as PETN, they have a higher mechanical sensitivity due to the presence of explosive ligands, which is a great challenge for the reliability and safety of the application systems.
Reference documents:
1.Sumpter D.Laser-initiated ordnance for air-to-air missiles[C].29th Joint Propulsion Conference.
2.Chenault C,Mccrae J.The small ICBM laser ordnance firing system[C].Space Programs and Technologies Conference,1992:1328.
3.Schulze N,Maxfield B,Boucher C.Flight demonstration of flight termination system and solid rocket motor ignition using semiconductor laser initiated ordnance[C].31st Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit,1995:2980.
4. handsome, the design principle research of the self-focusing laser separation system [ D ]. Beijing: beijing university of Physician, 2016.
5. Paojiao, wu zhi, shenrui, et al. Effect of doped and sealed through windows on sensitivity of laser ignition of explosives [ J ] fire explosives bulletin, 2011, 34 (1): 77-79,85.
6. Wanghua, shenrui, petiolua, etc. the effect of carbon nanotube and carbon black doping on RDX laser ignition characteristics [ J ] blasting material, 2012, 41 (6): 16-18.
7. Liujian, jiangxuan. Energetic material laser ignition technology [ J ]. Laser journal, 2013, 34 (6): 11-13.
8. Liu jian, wu li zhi, jiang xiao hua, etc. the influence of laser wavelength on the ignition threshold of energetic materials [ J ] infrared and laser engineering, 2014, 43 (10): 3309-3312.
9. Chenlikui, hollen, yanbin, etc. the effect of doping on BNCP semiconductor laser ignition sensitivity [ J ]. Energetic materials, 2009, 17 (2): 229-232.
10. Habotai, brodarby, caokadan, etc. the effect of low temperature on the energy transfer efficiency of laser ignition systems [ J ]. Energetic materials, 2016, 24 (7): 698-702.
11. Semiconductor laser ignition test study on canavanic rachis [ J ] laser journal, 2014, 35 (10): 29-32.
12.Kunz,S C,and Salas,F J.Diode laser ignition ofhigh explosives andpyrotechnics.United States:N.p.,1988.
13.Fischer N,Joas M,
T M,et al.Transition metal complexes of 3-amino-1-nitroguanidine as laser ignitible primary explosives:structures and properties[J]. Inorganic Chemistry,2013,52(23):13791-13802.
14.Myers T W,Brown K E,Chavez D E,et al.Laser initiation of Fe(II)complexes of 4-nitro-pyrazolyl substituted tetrazine ligands[J].Inorganic Chemistry,2017,56(4):2297-2303.
The laser sensitivity of the laser sensitive coordination compound is mainly regulated and controlled by a ligand. To obtain high laser sensitivity, it is necessary to introduce very labile ligands. However, at the same time, the entire complex becomes extremely unstable, which poses a great problem in further practical use thereof. In order to realize the consideration of laser sensitivity and safety of the laser ignition material, a new design idea needs to be introduced to separate strong photothermal property from explosiveness. On the one hand, the light absorption capacity and the photo-thermal performance of the ignition material are improved as much as possible. On the other hand, the sensitivity of the explosive components is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a polyacid-based low-power laser ignition method, which is used for compounding a polyacid substance with ultrahigh photo-thermal performance and an insensitive explosive to prepare a composite material for laser ignition, overcomes the contradiction between laser sensitivity and safety of the traditional laser ignition material, and realizes low-power high-safety laser ignition.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a polyacid-based low-power laser ignition method comprises the following steps:
(1) Weighing raw materials, wherein the raw materials are polyacid compounds, vanadium-oxygen clusters, molybdenum-oxygen clusters or tungsten-oxygen clusters;
(2) Mixing the raw materials weighed in the step (1) with perchlorate according to a mass ratio of 1-1;
(3) Filling the laser ignition composite material obtained in the step (2) into a detonator as a primary explosive, wherein a main charge is filled in the detonator; inserting the optical fiber into the initiating explosive or irradiating the initiating explosive without contact, and locking the detonator to obtain a laser ignition detonator;
(4) And connecting the optical fiber with an upper semiconductor continuous laser, starting the laser, and igniting and detonating.
In the step (1), the polyacid compound is prepared by the following method: weighing nickel chloride hexahydrate and phenanthroline, adding into a hydrothermal kettle, adding an organic solvent, uniformly stirring, adding triisopropoxyl vanadium oxide, reacting, filtering a reaction solution, washing, and drying to obtain a polyacid compound.
Further, in the step (1), the mass ratio of the nickel chloride hexahydrate to the phenanthroline is 0.2-1. Preferably, the mass ratio of the nickel chloride hexahydrate to the phenanthroline is 0.44.
Further, in the step (1), the organic solvent is dimethylformamide and methanol.
In step (1), the ratio of nickel chloride hexahydrate to vanadium triisopropoxide was 0.014g to 1.4g. Preferably, the ratio of nickel chloride hexahydrate to vanadium triisopropoxide is 0.14g:1ml.
Further, in the step (1), the reaction temperature is 70-180 ℃; preferably, the temperature of the reaction is 120 ℃.
Further, in the step (1), the reaction time is 3-72 h; preferably, the reaction time is 24h.
Further, in the step (2), the perchlorate is guanidine perchlorate, ammonium perchlorate, methylamine perchlorate, pyridine perchlorate or ethylenediamine perchlorate-triethylenediamine perchlorate eutectic.
Further, in the step (3), the optical fiber is a silica optical fiber.
Further, in the step (3), the main charge is a insensitive explosive.
Further, in the step (4), optionally, the output power of the semiconductor continuous laser is 0.5W or more and the wavelength is 808nm. Preferably, the output power of the semiconductor continuous laser is 2W, and the wavelength is 808nm.
Specifically, the polyacid-based low-power laser ignition method comprises the following steps:
(1) Synthesis of polyacid compounds:
0.285g of nickel chloride hexahydrate and 0.649g of phenanthroline are weighed and added into a 150mL polytetrafluoroethylene hydrothermal kettle, 80mL of dry dimethylformamide and 20mL of dry methanol are added, the mixture is uniformly stirred, 2mL of triisopropoxytriantivaquo oxide is added, and the mixture reacts at 120 ℃ for 24 hours to obtain dark green powder. The reaction solution was filtered, washed once with dimethylformamide and once with methanol, and dried at 80 ℃.
(2) Laser ignition composite material:
mixing the synthesized polyacid compounds with perchlorate (guanidine perchlorate, ammonium perchlorate, methylamine perchlorate, pyridine perchlorate, ethylenediamine perchlorate-triethylenediamine perchlorate eutectic and the like) according to the mass ratio of 1.
(3) Laser ignition detonator
The laser initiating explosive prepared in the above manner is used as a primary explosive and is filled into a detonator, wherein the main charge of the detonator is three-layer Taian. And (3) inserting the quartz optical fiber into the initiating explosive or performing non-contact irradiation, and locking the detonator to obtain the laser detonator.
The advantages and positive effects are as follows:
the invention relates to a laser ignition material, which is prepared by compounding the characteristics of high laser sensitivity, high mechanical impact stability, high thermal stability and the like of a novel ionic polyacid cluster compound with insensitive explosives, and aims to solve the key scientific and technical problems of laser sensitivity, safety and the like of the laser ignition material.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a low-power high-safety laser detonator made of a polyacid-based composite material;
FIG. 2 is a representation of the vanadium polyacid cations and anions of the polyacid-based compound prepared in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a powder X-ray diffraction spectrum of the polyacid-based compound prepared in example 1;
FIG. 4 is a real shot of a laser detonator which detonates and bombards a lead plate.
In the figure, 1-shell, 2-reinforcing cap, 3-plastic plug, 4-optical fiber, 5-main charge and 6-cluster compound composite ignition powder.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and the embodiments. The following examples are only for explaining the present invention, the scope of the present invention shall include the full contents of the claims, and the full contents of the claims of the present invention can be fully realized by those skilled in the art through the following examples.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a low-power high-safety laser detonator prepared from the polyacid-based composite material. As shown in fig. 1, the detonator comprises a casing 1, a reinforcing cap 2, a plastic plug 3, an optical fiber 4, a main charge 5 and a cluster compound ignition powder 6. The main charge 5 is first charged into the inside of the casing 1, and is charged on the upper part of the main charge 5. The reinforcing cap is covered on the cluster compound composite igniting powder 6. After filling, the plastic plug 3 is sealed and plugged on the top of the shell. The optical fiber 4 sequentially passes through the plastic plug 3 and the reinforcing cap 2 and then is connected with the cluster compound igniting powder 6. The cluster compound igniting powder 6 is the laser initiating powder prepared by the invention. And filling the laser initiating explosive serving as the initiating explosive into the detonator, wherein the main charge 5 of the detonator is three-layer Taian. And (3) inserting the quartz optical fiber into the initiating explosive or performing non-contact irradiation, and locking the detonator to obtain the laser detonator.
Example 1:
the preparation method of the laser initiating explosive comprises the following steps:
preparing a polyacid compound: 0.285g of nickel chloride hexahydrate and 0.649g of phenanthroline are weighed and added into a 150mL polytetrafluoroethylene hydrothermal kettle, 80mL of dry dimethylformamide and 20mL of dry methanol are added, the mixture is uniformly stirred, 2mL of triisopropoxytriantivaquo oxide is added, and the mixture reacts at 120 ℃ for 24 hours to obtain dark green powder. Filtering the reaction solution, washing with dimethylformamide and methanol once respectively, and drying at 80 ℃ to obtain the NIV14 compound (i.e. polyacid compound). The NIV14 compound is shown in figure 2, and the powder X-ray diffraction spectrum is shown in figure 3.
Mixing an NIV14 compound and guanidine perchlorate according to the mass ratio of 1. Laser ignition was achieved under 808 laser irradiation at 2W power.
Alternatively, the mass ratio of the NIV14 compound to the guanidine perchlorate may be between 1 and 1.
Alternatively, laser firing may be achieved 808 laser power above 0.5W.
Example 2:
the preparation method of the laser initiating explosive comprises the following steps:
the guanidine perchlorate in the example 1 is replaced by ammonium perchlorate, methylamine perchlorate, pyridine perchlorate or ethylenediamine perchlorate-triethylenediamine perchlorate eutectic, and other conditions are the same, so that the laser initiating explosive is obtained, and the same laser ignition effect in the example 1 can be realized.
Example 3:
a polyacid-based low-power laser ignition method, comprising the steps of:
the laser initiation explosives prepared separately in the manner of the above examples 1-2 were used as initiation explosives and were loaded into different detonators, respectively, wherein the main charge of the detonators was taian. And (3) inserting the quartz optical fiber into the initiating explosive, and locking the detonator to obtain the laser detonator (as shown in figure 1). The optical fiber is connected with a semiconductor continuous laser with the output power of 2W and the wavelength of 808nm, the laser is started, and the Taian insensitive explosive is ignited and detonated, so that a lead plate with the thickness of 5mm can be punctured (as shown in figure 4).
The invention has not been described in detail and is part of the common general knowledge of a person skilled in the art. The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the preferred embodiments are not exhaustive and do not limit the invention to the precise embodiments described. Various modifications and improvements of the technical solution of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solution of the present invention is to be covered by the protection scope defined by the claims.
Claims (8)
1. A polyacid-based low-power laser ignition method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Weighing raw materials, wherein the raw materials are polyacid compounds, vanadium-oxygen clusters, molybdenum-oxygen clusters or tungsten-oxygen clusters;
(2) Mixing the raw materials weighed in the step (1) with perchlorate according to a mass ratio of 1-1;
(3) Filling the laser ignition composite material obtained in the step (2) serving as a primary explosive into a detonator, wherein a main charge is filled in the detonator; inserting the optical fiber into the initiating explosive or irradiating the initiating explosive without contact, and locking the detonator to obtain a laser ignition detonator;
(4) And connecting the optical fiber with an upper semiconductor continuous laser, starting the laser, and igniting and detonating.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the polyacid compound is prepared by: weighing nickel chloride hexahydrate and phenanthroline, adding into a hydrothermal kettle, adding an organic solvent, uniformly stirring, adding triisopropoxyl vanadium oxide, reacting, filtering a reaction solution, washing, and drying to obtain a polyacid compound;
preferably, in the step (1), the mass ratio of the nickel chloride hexahydrate to the phenanthroline is 0.2-1;
preferably, the mass ratio of the nickel chloride hexahydrate to the phenanthroline is 0.44.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein in step (1), the organic solvent is dimethylformamide and methanol.
4. The method according to claim 2, wherein in step (1), the ratio of nickel chloride hexahydrate to vanadium triisopropoxide is 0.014g;
preferably, the ratio of nickel chloride hexahydrate to vanadium triisopropoxide is 0.14g:1ml.
5. The method according to claim 2, wherein in the step (1), the reaction temperature is 70-180 ℃;
preferably, the temperature of the reaction is 120 ℃.
6. The method according to claim 2, wherein in the step (1), the reaction time is 3-72 h;
preferably, the reaction time is 24h.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the perchlorate is guanidine perchlorate, ammonium perchlorate, methylamine perchlorate, pyridine perchlorate or ethylenediamine perchlorate-triethylenediamine perchlorate eutectic.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (3), the main charge is a non-explosive.
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| CN103449943A (en) * | 2013-06-13 | 2013-12-18 | 中国科学技术大学 | Device for stimulating micro-jet by laser and detonator using same |
| CN103673795A (en) * | 2014-01-03 | 2014-03-26 | 安徽理工大学 | Primary explosive-free laser detonator |
| CN114230423A (en) * | 2021-12-13 | 2022-03-25 | 西安近代化学研究所 | CL-20/BODN eutectic explosive with low mechanical sensitivity and high detonation performance, preparation method and application |
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2022
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| JPH0812482A (en) * | 1994-06-29 | 1996-01-16 | Otsuka Chem Co Ltd | Gas-generating agent for air bag |
| JPH09157080A (en) * | 1995-09-29 | 1997-06-17 | Otsuka Chem Co Ltd | Gas generating agent for air bag |
| RU2179544C2 (en) * | 2000-02-07 | 2002-02-20 | ЗАО "Би-Вест" | Heat-resistant igniter compositions for electric spark igniters and method of manufacturing thereof |
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| CN114230423A (en) * | 2021-12-13 | 2022-03-25 | 西安近代化学研究所 | CL-20/BODN eutectic explosive with low mechanical sensitivity and high detonation performance, preparation method and application |
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