CN1155732C - Process for preparing Al-Si alloy in DC arc furnace - Google Patents
Process for preparing Al-Si alloy in DC arc furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN1155732C CN1155732C CNB011062061A CN01106206A CN1155732C CN 1155732 C CN1155732 C CN 1155732C CN B011062061 A CNB011062061 A CN B011062061A CN 01106206 A CN01106206 A CN 01106206A CN 1155732 C CN1155732 C CN 1155732C
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- arc furnace
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a process for preparing aluminium and silicon alloy in a direct current electric arc furnace. The present invention uses a single-phase direct current ore hot electric arc furnace, and uses a single graphite electrode or a burned carbon electrode. Minerals containing aluminium and silicon are used as a raw material, and bitumite and petroleum are coked into a reducing agent. The raw material is conveyed into the electric arc furnace to be reduced by process steps, such as grinding, material mixture, briquetting, baking, etc., and then, the raw material is refined to a casting ingot. Ore can be directly smelted into crude aluminium and silicon alloy (comprising ferro-silicon-aluminium alloy, etc.) containg 30% to 65% of aluminium in the electric arc furnace by the present invention. The present invention has the characteristics of high energy utilization rate, less fixed investment, low production cost, reasonable use of resources, environment pollution reduction, etc.
Description
The invention belongs to metallurgical technology field.
The production of China's silumin at present all is to adopt the method for mixing.Promptly with metallic aluminium and Pure Silicon Metal through remelting, melting mixing makes in proportion.And electrolytic process is adopted in the production of metallic aluminium.Electrolytic process is produced metallic aluminium must be through alumina producing and two main processes of aluminum oxide fusion electrolysis, and from the ore to the metallic aluminium, Production Flow Chart is long, big energy-consuming, and the brilliant position of ingredient requirement is high, and production process is big to environmental influence.
Have only the former Soviet Union to adopt the electric arc furnace technology to produce aluminum silicon alloy at present, they adopt power is the above large-scale three-phase ac electric arc furnaces of 16 500kVA.(reference: Qiu Zhuxian." elred process production AL-Si-Fe alloy ".Light metal, 1990 (1); He Yunping, Wang Enhui." electric heating silumin production technology ".Beijing, Science Press, 1994) there is following weak point in its technology:
(1) adopt three-phase ac electric arc furnace to produce aluminum silicon alloy, the power of electric arc furnace must be more than 10 000kVA, and the energy density of furnace bottom could satisfy the needs of producing aluminum silicon alloy, and only power is more than 16 500kVA.(reference: Huo Guang is multitudinous." the electric heating process production of silumin ".Light metal, 1990 (10); F.King, Aluinium andits Alloys, Ellis Horwood Limited, 1987)
If adopt the three-phase ac electric arc furnace of power below 10000kVA, the smelting aluminum content is that the aluminum silicon alloy below 30% is feasible, but reach 40%～60% aluminum silicon alloy if produce aluminum content, just the charge level slump can take place, furnace bottom rising, the stove eye can not burn logical, and aluminum silicon alloy liquid can not flow out, and production can not be carried out continuously.The three-phase ac electric arc furnace of power below 10 000kVA is low because of the furnace bottom energy density, and can not satisfy the production aluminum content is the needs of 40%～60% aluminum silicon alloy.Therefore, current technology be unsuitable for adopting power be the following electric arc furnace of 10 000kVA in, small-scale production.
(2) current technology adopts the large-scale three-phase alternating current of 16 500kVA ore deposit thermic arc stove, and it is self-baking carbon electrode about 1.2m that every stove has three diameters, and the electrode outside is iron housing, is welded with a lot of iron fins in the housing.Along with the consumption of self baking electrode, these electrode shells made of iron and fin all are melted in the aluminum silicon alloy product in smelting process, and causing the iron level in the aluminum silicon alloy thus is about 2%.Iron is the main detrimental impurity of aluminum silicon alloy product, and GB is very strict to the restriction of ferrous contaminants.Therefore, current technology can not the low high-quality Al silicon alloy product of production iron-holder.
The present invention adopts the single-phase DC electric arc furnace to produce aluminum silicon alloy.An electrode is adopted on stove top, is negative electrode, and furnace bottom is an anode, and upper electrode directly produces electric arc to furnace bottom.In addition, electric current all flow through furnace bottom and furnace bottom generation anode surface effect make the furnace bottom energy density height of direct current electric arc furnace, can suppress the furnace bottom rising that causes because of the bottom temperature deficiency.For power is below the 10000kVA, and the direct current electric arc furnace of the above scale of 100kVA can both satisfy the requirement of producing 30%～60% aluminum silicon alloy.
The present invention is when adopting the single-phase DC electric arc furnace, and the carbon electrode of a root graphite electrode or process roasting is adopted on stove top.Adopt such electrode, do not re-use iron housing and fin,, just can produce the low high-quality Al silicon alloy product of iron-holder as long as iron level in the control raw material does not make iron instrument fuse in the aluminum silicon alloy in the production operation.
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of aluminum silicon mineral (comprising bauxite, bauxitic clay, kyanite and coal gangue etc.) that directly utilizes,, under specific electrical parameter condition, produce the method for the crude aluminum silicon alloy that contains aluminium 30%-65% with direct current electric arc furnace by briquetting.
This technology is to be raw material to contain aluminum silicon mineral, is reductive agent with bituminous coal and refinery coke, batching back uniform mixing in proportion, and briquetting adds agglomerate and carries out reduction reaction in the direct current electric arc furnace, produces aluminum silicon alloy.Its technical process can be divided into the outer operation such as concise of abrasive dust, batch mixing, briquetting, oven dry, reduction, stove.
Further narrate the content of invention below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Accompanying drawing is a process flow sheet of the present invention.
As shown in the figure: bituminous coal and petroleum coke are worn into granularity in proportion together less than the powder of 0.6mm, bituminous coal, petroleum coke powder and bauxite powder＜0.6mm, silica＜0.6mm powder are prepared burden by a certain percentage, add again a certain amount of paper pulp (knot agent) and water (making moisture content reach 10%). All material evenly mixes in batch mixer. Mixed material is pressed into pelletizing (briquetting pressure is 20-25MPa) in briquetting machine.
With the pelletizing that makes, in drying machine, carry out drying and dewatering. Require moisture to reduce to about 1% by 10%.
Carry out reduction reaction in the dried pelletizing adding direct current electric arc furnace, its key reaction is:
Regularly (2-3 hour at interval) emits aluminum silicon alloy liquid from iron notch.Because of containing a certain amount of nonmetallic impurity in the alloy, need in two-maing ladle, to carry out the refining slagging-off.In two-maing ladle, add insulating covering agents such as some salt, add some straw, rice husk etc. simultaneously, to help the come-up of slag.Carry out ingot casting after the slagging-off, promptly obtain crude aluminum silicon alloy product.
Characteristics of the present invention are: select direct current electric arc furnace ore deposit thermic arc stove for use.Because direct current electric arc furnace, electric current all flows through furnace bottom, add the effect of bottom " anode effect " (furnace bottom is an anode), make furnace bottom have enough heats, guarantee that slag is unlikely to condensation, thereby the chance i that reduces furnace bottom rising adopts direct current electric arc furnace can also improve power factor, and power factor is reached more than 0.92.Select graphite for use or make electrode, reduce the content of iron contamination in the alloy through the carbon materials of roasting.Negative carbon prescription is adopted in briquetting.Utilization contains aluminum silicon mineral and produces aluminum silicon alloy, and carbon is reductive agent.The adding form of carbon has coal, wooden carbon, refinery coke.In the reduction reaction in electric arc furnace, the little reduction of carbon amount is insufficient, furnace bottom rising; The carbon amount is big, then generates carbide, and furnace bottom also goes up.If the dosage with carbon in the above-mentioned reaction is 100%, by experiment and theoretical analysis, having obtained best mixed carbon comtent is 92%-96%, promptly negative carbon prescription.Adopt special electric arc furnace operation electrical parameter.In the operating process of electric arc furnace, electrical parameter is to change with the raw material of reaction, product difference.Need temperature height, concentration of energy, furnace bottom heat in the stove in the aluminum silicon alloy production, therefore specific electrical parameter is big electric current, low voltage, and its electric current (A) is 500-1200 with voltage (V) ratio.
Electric heating process of the present invention is produced aluminum silicon alloy then can be smelted directly into ore the crude aluminum silicon alloy that contains aluminium 30%～65% in electric arc furnace.It is a kind of new metallurgy method for aluminum that electric heating process is produced aluminum silicon alloy, and it is compared with existing electrolytic aluminium refining, has the following advantages:
1, capacity usage ratio height.Electrolytic process is a planar reaction, and every square metre of negative electrode is produced only 40kg of aluminium daily, and capacity usage ratio has only 40～48%.And electric heating process is the solid reaction of carrying out in the thermic arc stove of ore deposit, and utilization rate of electrical can reach more than 80%;
2, investment in fixed assets is few.Electric heating process is used electric arc furnace, and the throughput of a 1800kW electric arc furnace is equivalent to the throughput of 7 60kA aluminium cells.The initial cost of electric heating process only is about 30% of an electrolytic process;
3, production cost is low.Electrolytic process is produced aluminum oxide from ore, carries out electrolysis again, and Production Flow Chart is long, the cost height.Electric heating process is directly produced aluminum silicon alloy by one step of ore, and Production Flow Chart is short, can reduce production costs more than 40%;
4 can make rational use of resources, and reduce environmental pollution.Electrolytic process is produced aluminium intermediary alumina producing must adopt high-grade bauxitic clay, and consumes great lot of water resources, causes environmental pollution.Electric heating process is produced aluminum silicon alloy can be with the mineral such as bauxitic clay, kaolin, clay and kyanite of common different grades, and smelting process is for no slag reacts, and are beneficial to environmental protection and resource is rationally used.
This technology can also be produced other alloy based on aluminium silicon, for example AL-Si-Fe alloy.
Embodiment 1
Produce with the 100KW direct current electric arc furnace and to contain 50%～60% aluminum silicon alloy.
Adopt the 100KW direct current electric arc furnace, the stove upper electrode is a diameter 100mm Graphite Electrodes.Raw material is kyanite, silica (containing 50%Al2O3 in the furnace charge), and bituminous coal and refinery coke are reductive agent.Operating voltage is 30～40V, and electric current is 1500～1800A.A boiled stove eye made the aluminum silicon alloy that contains aluminium 50%～60% every 4 hours, and iron level is about 0.5%.
Embodiment 2
Electric arc furnace:
The 1800kVA direct current electric arc furnace
Raw material:
1 kaolin: kaolin is the main raw material of smelting Al-Si alloy, accounts for about 40% of total raw material.
2 bituminous coal: the main reductive agent of smelting Al-Si alloy is a bituminous coal.
3 refinery cokes: one of reductive agent in the smelting process.
4 aluminum oxide: in order to adjust aluminum oxide and silicon oxide proportioning.
5 spent pulping liquors: raw material briquetting tackiness agent.Adopt the acid system spent pulping liquor (claiming red liquid) in paper mill.
Table 1 and table 2 have been listed the component concentration of various raw materials respectively.
Moisture in table 1 raw material, volatile matter and ash oontent
Moisture/% volatile matter/% ash content/%
Kaolin 0.5 99.35
Bituminous coal 4.1 28.0 7.5
Refinery coke 0.5 11.5 0.0
Aluminum oxide 0.2 99.75
Spent pulping liquor 52.0 38.6 9.55
Mineral content in table 2 raw material
Al
2O
3/％ SiO
2/％ Fe
2O
3/％ CaO/％ TiO
2/％ MgO/％
Kaolin 47.6 49.4 1.24 0.07 1.30 0.10
Aluminum oxide 99.6-----
Bituminous coal ash 27.9 54.2 7.1 3.54--
Paper pulp ash 0.76 1.40 0.54 58.0-10.0
The briquetting allocation sheet:
The raw material amount of allocating into/kg
Kaolin 100.0
Aluminum oxide 5.11
Bituminous coal 64.5-68.8
Refinery coke 17.8-20.5
Spent pulping liquor 12.1
Water 11.6
The electric arc furnace electrical parameter:
Electric arc furnace voltage: 45-55V
Electric arc furnace electric current: 25 000-35 000A
Produce the crude aluminum silicon alloy that contains aluminium 50%～60% with flow process shown in the accompanying drawing.
Claims (4)
1, a kind of method with preparing Al-Si alloy in DC arc furnace, it is characterized in that adopting the DC-ore-heating electric arc furnace, Graphite Electrodes or be the stove upper electrode through the carbon electrode of roasting, stove top with an electrode as negative electrode, furnace bottom is an anode, upper electrode directly produces electric arc to furnace bottom, with bauxite, bauxitic clay, kyanite and silica is raw material, with bituminous coal and refinery coke is reductive agent, in proportion batching back uniform mixing, briquetting, agglomerate added carries out reduction reaction in the direct current electric arc furnace, smelt the crude aluminum silicon alloy; Its processing step is: abrasive dust, grind or make the powder of granularity less than 0.6mm in proportion together with raw material bituminous coal and refinery coke; Batch mixing is prepared burden bituminous coal, petroleum coke powder and bauxitic clay powder＜0.6mm, ground silica＜0.6mm by a certain percentage, adds a certain amount of binding agent and water, all material uniform mixing in mixer; Briquetting, the material that mixes is made pelletizing in briquetting machine, and briquetting pressure is 20～25Mpa; Oven dry, the pelletizing drying and dewatering with making requires water to reduce to 1.0%; Reduction will be carried out reduction reaction in the dried pelletizing adding direct current electric arc furnace; Refining, refining slagging-off in two-maing ladle adds some salt and makees insulating covering agent in two-maing ladle, add straw, rice husk simultaneously; Ingot casting, slagging-off back ingot casting.
2, the method for preparing Al-Si alloy in DC arc furnace according to claim 1 is characterized in that said briquetting is to adopt negative carbon prescription, and its mixed carbon comtent needs the 92%-96% of carbon amount for the complete reaction theory.
3, processing method according to claim 1, to it is characterized in that adopting the DC-ore-heating electric arc furnace to produce aluminum content be 30%～65% crude aluminum silicon alloy, AL-Si-Fe alloy and be other alloy of base with aluminium silicon.
4, the method for preparing Al-Si alloy in DC arc furnace according to claim 1 is characterized in that the electric current of direct current electric arc furnace and voltage ratio are 500-1200.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CNB011062061A CN1155732C (en) | 2001-02-27 | 2001-02-27 | Process for preparing Al-Si alloy in DC arc furnace |
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| CNB011062061A CN1155732C (en) | 2001-02-27 | 2001-02-27 | Process for preparing Al-Si alloy in DC arc furnace |
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| CN1155732C true CN1155732C (en) | 2004-06-30 |
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Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100334243C (en) * | 2005-06-28 | 2007-08-29 | 严瑞山 | Technological method of extracting aluminium silicon alloy from fly ash |
| CN101020960B (en) * | 2007-03-12 | 2011-04-27 | 无锡雪浪输送机械有限公司 | Pellet for smelting Al-Si alloy and its preparation method |
| CN102602932B (en) * | 2012-03-21 | 2013-12-11 | 昆明冶金研究院 | Combined reducer for industry silicon smelting |
| CN103710488B (en) * | 2013-12-09 | 2015-12-09 | 东北大学 | A kind of high ferro high-silica diaspore ore prepares the method for AL-Si-Fe alloy |
| CN105986137B (en) * | 2016-06-15 | 2018-08-14 | 贵州铝城铝业原材料研究发展有限公司 | A kind of technique and intermediate producing alloy aluminum |
| CN106011513B (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2018-07-17 | 张彦才 | A kind of aluminum or aluminum alloy melting coverture and preparation method thereof |
| CN109321788A (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2019-02-12 | 王晓军 | A kind of acieral, the big alloy of aluminium base and preparation method thereof |
| CN113462897A (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2021-10-01 | 易航时代(北京)科技有限公司 | Production device and production method for aluminum and metallic silicon and control method of production device |
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