CN109321788A - A kind of acieral, the big alloy of aluminium base and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of acieral, the big alloy of aluminium base and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109321788A CN109321788A CN201811342976.1A CN201811342976A CN109321788A CN 109321788 A CN109321788 A CN 109321788A CN 201811342976 A CN201811342976 A CN 201811342976A CN 109321788 A CN109321788 A CN 109321788A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
- C22C30/02—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent containing copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
- C22C30/04—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent containing tin or lead
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
- C22C30/06—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent containing zinc
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Abstract
The invention discloses acierals, the big alloy of aluminium base and preparation method thereof, prepare raw material and react, melt in a closed environment, at elevated temperatures, obtain acieral, acieral is further used as intermediate alloy, and the big alloy of aluminium base is prepared.Acieral preparation method disclosed by the embodiments of the present invention, component and the raw material for preparing for matching any setting are directly reduced to metal using reducing agent in a closed environment, melting, and then it dissolves each other to obtain acieral, the composition and ratio of acieral are determined by the proportion for preparing raw material, it especially can be by low-grade bauxite, the waste resources such as Coaseries kaolin are directly changed into resource rare and important as acieral, low energy consumption for preparation process, it is pollution-free, and acieral can be further used as intermediate alloy, prepare the big alloy of aluminium base, the characteristic that there is the big alloy of aluminium base existing acieral not have, exploitation type and the related application field of acieral new product are expanded.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to metal smelt technical fields, and in particular to a kind of acieral, the big alloy of aluminium base and its preparation side
Method.
Background technique
Aluminium-containing alloy has the work of very important function as very important metal material in the national economic development
With current aluminium alloy uses substantially mixes method production, still, either carries out blending method life using solid aluminum or liquid aluminium
It produces, the content of Silicon In Alloys Si element does not all exceed 20% generally, this is also the limitation place for the method that blends.
As the raw material of aluminum alloy materials, high-grade bauxitic feed materials have been approached exhaustion, and existing bauxite resource is only capable of making
With 5-7, a large amount of bauxite of import and aluminium oxide are needed every year, and low-grade bauxite of a large amount of alumina silica ratio less than 2, coal
It is kaolin etc. because being discarded without suitable production technology, causes a large amount of wastes of bauxite resource.
It is how raw with simple technique, cheap cost since aluminium intermediate alloy is material indispensable in aluminium processing
Output aluminium intermediate alloy product and other acierals with different composition and performances are that technology urgently to be resolved at present is asked
Topic.
Summary of the invention
At least for one of problems described above, the embodiment of the invention discloses a kind of preparation method of acieral, systems
Standby raw material is reacted in a closed environment, at elevated temperatures, is melted, and obtains acieral.
The preparation method of acieral disclosed in some embodiments of the invention, preparing raw material includes primary raw material and reduction
Agent, wherein primary raw material includes the primary raw material containing aluminium and the primary raw material containing other elements, wherein the other elements
Including in silicon, titanium, manganese, iron, magnesium, calcium, copper, lead, nickel, cobalt, molybdenum, tin, vanadium, zinc, chromium, sodium, thulium, phosphorus, boron or sulphur
At least one element or combinations thereof.
The preparation method of acieral disclosed in some embodiments of the invention prepares the primary raw material in raw material containing aluminium and is selected from
Kaolin, low ferrallite mine, low iron high alumina clay, aluminous fly-ash, gangue, aluminium metallurgy aluminium ash or low iron aluminium process garbage waste
At least one of or combinations thereof；The primary raw material of other elements is selected from quartz sand, quartz, red tripoli, clay, oil plant mistake
Filter discarded molecular sieve filling, iron ore, manganese ore, copper mine, coal mine, lead ore, nickel minerals, cobalt ore, molybdenum ore, navajoite, zinc ore, chrome ore, sodium
At least one of mine, Rare Earth Mine, phosphorus ore, boron rock or sulphur or combinations thereof；
Reducing agent includes carbonaceous reducing agent, which is selected from cleaned coal, semi-coke, petroleum coke, report carbon molecular sieve, stalk
At least one of carbon, bamboo carbon, charcoal, waste wood piece or sawdust or combinations thereof.
The preparation method of acieral disclosed in some embodiments of the invention, it further includes auxiliary material and fluxing for preparing raw material
Agent raw material, the auxiliary material include adhesive material and helping loose agent material, wherein adhesive material include the black waste liquid of papermaking, it is red viscous
At least one of soil, lignin or cellulose or combinations thereof, helping loose agent material includes broken wood, sawdust, corncob or salix monogolica section
At least one of or combinations thereof；The fluxing agent raw material includes the combination of one or both of fluorite, ice crystal.
The preparation method of acieral disclosed in some embodiments of the invention, raised temperature setting are 1700 DEG C or more.
The preparation method of acieral disclosed in some embodiments of the invention, the preprocessing process including preparing raw material, tool
Body includes:
Raw material will be prepared and be broken into graininess, the partial size of particle is 1~5mm；
Removing prepares the moisture in raw material；
Contain ferro element in raw material if prepared, ferro element is removed；
Primary raw material, auxiliary material and reducing agent are proportionally mixed, mixes, is configured to raw material pelletizing.
On the other hand, some embodiments of the invention are disclosed by the preparation method of acieral disclosed by the embodiments of the present invention
Obtained acieral, which includes aluminium and other elements, wherein other elements include other metallic elements and Fei Jin
Belong to element, the constituent content of other metallic elements, nonmetalloid and aluminium with prepare corresponding constituent content in raw material
Unanimously.
Further, acieral disclosed in some embodiments of the invention, other elements include silicon, titanium, manganese, magnesium, calcium, copper,
At least one of lead, nickel, cobalt, tin, vanadium, zinc, chromium, thulium, phosphorus, carbon or boron element or combinations thereof.
Acieral disclosed in some embodiments of the invention, which is characterized in that by percentage to the quality, the group of acieral
Point including 47%~49.5% aluminium, 47%~49% silicon, 1.5%~6.0% titanium.
On the other hand, it is total greatly to also disclose a kind of aluminium base for some embodiments of the invention, by disclosed by the embodiments of the present invention
The big alloy of aluminium base is prepared as intermediate alloy in acieral.
Further, the big alloy of aluminium base disclosed in some embodiments of the invention, including aluminium and other elements, other element packets
Include other metallic elements and nonmetalloid, wherein the constituent content of other metallic elements, nonmetalloid and aluminium can be set
At arbitrary proportion.
The big alloy of aluminium base disclosed in some embodiments of the invention, other elements be selected from titanium, manganese, iron, magnesium, calcium, copper, lead, nickel,
At least one of cobalt, molybdenum, tin, vanadium, zinc, chromium, sodium, rare earth metal, silicon, phosphorus, carbon, boron or sulphur element or combinations thereof.
Acieral preparation method disclosed by the embodiments of the present invention, by component and match any setting prepare raw material close
Be directly reduced to metal using reducing agent in closed loop border, and then dissolve each other to obtain acieral, the composition and ratio of acieral by
The proportion for preparing raw material determines, especially the waste resources such as low-grade bauxite, Coaseries kaolin can be directly changed into aluminium
Rare and important resource as based alloy, low energy consumption for preparation process, pollution-free, and can be further by acieral
As intermediate alloy, the big alloy of aluminium base is prepared, the characteristic that there is the big alloy of aluminium base existing acieral not have has expanded aluminium
The exploitation type of based alloy new product and related application field.
Specific embodiment
During the present invention discloses, it should not necessarily be construed as any " embodiment " illustrated by " exemplary " preferred or advantageous over other
Embodiment.Testing performance index in this law embodiment, unless stated otherwise, using this field conventional methods.
Unless otherwise stated, technical and scientific terms used herein has the common of the technical field of the invention
The normally understood identical meanings of technical staff.As other not specifically specified raw material, the reagent, test method in the present invention
The usually used raw material and reagent of those skilled in the art, and the experiment side generallyd use are referred both to technological means
Method and technological means.First, second equal not its sequencing of considered critical that the present invention addresses, only difference statement two or
Multiple part or parts.Term used in the disclosure " basic " and " about " are for describing small fluctuation.For example, they can be
Refer to and be less than or equal to ± 5%, such as less than or equal to ± 2%, such as less than or equal to ± 1%, such as less than or equal to ± 0.5%, such as
Less than or equal to ± 0.2%, such as less than or equal to ± 0.1%, such as less than or equal to ± 0.05%.Concentration, amount and other numerical value
Data can be indicated or be presented with range format herein.Such range format only uses for convenience and for the sake of brief, therefore
Should flexibly be construed to not only include the numerical value clearly enumerated as the boundary of the range, further include include within the scope of this it is all solely
Vertical numerical value or subrange.For example, the numberical range of " 1% to 5% " should be construed to include 1% to 5% clearly column
The value of act further includes independent values in the range shown and subrange.It therefore, include independent values in this numberical range, such as
2%, 3.5% and 4% and subrange, such as 1%~3%, 2%~4% and 3%~5%.This principle is equally applicable to only
Enumerate the range of a numerical value.In addition, width or the feature regardless of the range, such explanation is all suitable for.At this
It is open, including in claims, all conjunctions, as "comprising", " comprising ", " having ", " having ", " containing ", " being related to ",
" receiving " etc. is understood to be open, that is, refers to " including but not limited to ".Only conjunction " by ... constitute " and " by ...
Composition " is closing conjunction.The acieral addressed herein typically refers to the alloy containing aluminium in material composition；The big conjunction of aluminium base
Gold refers to using acieral as intermediate alloy, further with the multicomponent alloy of other metals, nonmetallic formation, that is, the big conjunction of aluminium base
Gold typically refers to the alloy containing aluminium and other metals, nonmetalloid, wherein dissolving each other using aluminium as basis material with other elements
Form the alloy material that structure is uniform, performance is stable；The primary raw material addressed herein typically refers to form member containing acieral
The raw material of element, the constituent content or composition of raw material and element, by percentage to the quality.It is a variety of to refer to two kinds and two or more
Quantity.
Content in order to better illustrate the present invention gives numerous details in specific embodiment below.This
Field is it will be appreciated by the skilled person that without certain details, the present invention equally be can be implemented.In embodiment, for ability
Certain methods known to field technique personnel, means, instrument, equipment etc. are not described in detail, in order to highlight purport of the invention.
Disclosed by the embodiments of the present invention the embodiment of the invention discloses a kind of preparation methods of acieral, prepare raw material and exist
In enclosed environment, at elevated temperatures react, melt, obtain acieral.Raw material is usually prepared according to the raw material group of setting
At and proportion, be added in equipment, for example, mineral hot furnace, electrothermal furnace etc., control the temperature of setting, setting at a temperature of keep the temperature one
After the section time, prepares the reducing agent in raw material and reacted completely with oxide to get acieral is arrived.Usually prepare acieral
Equipment is set as enclosed environment, on the one hand can control the discharge of gas, solid particle isostere produced during the preparation process, just
In being collected, the recycling of waste heat is carried out, for example, using thermal energy wherein included, as heating, industrial heat resources etc.；It collects
Gas and solid be also used as renewable resource utilization, can be used as fuel using gases such as carbon monoxide；Silica etc.
Solid particulate matter can be used as the Material reinforcement component of raw material of other industries, such as building dykes and dams etc.；On the other hand, it can incite somebody to action
Environment and external environment is prepared to completely cut off, for example, with air exclusion, prevent oxygen etc. to the adverse effect of reaction process.
As optional technical solution, raw material can will be prepared under normal conditions and is pre-processed, obtains being easily processed processing
Raw material form, as optional technical solution, preprocessing process is specifically included:
Raw material will be prepared and be broken into graininess, the partial size of particle is 1~5mm；The progress such as raw ore at least one will be prepared
Grade is broken, makes it have certain granularity, convenient for preparing contacting with each other for each component part in raw material, while in Preparation equipment
Accumulation forms the satisfactory production status of consistency；
Removing prepares the moisture in raw material；Contain water in usual raw material, such as to adsorb the shapes such as water, constitution water, the crystallization water
State is present in raw material, in order to prevent adverse effect of the subsequent high temperature processing stage water to process engineering, it usually needs removes water
It goes, for example, removing the crystallization water and absorption water, the hot environment between 800~850 DEG C in 650 DEG C of hot environments below
Middle removing constitution water, such as can be calcined in the equipment such as calcining furnace, mineral hot furnace flue；
Contain ferro element in raw material if prepared, ferro element is removed；Ferro element only needs to be retained in some cases
In alloy, removing is not needed at this time and prepares ferro element in raw material；In some other cases, ferro element is not needed in alloy,
And the presence of ferro element is smelted to the preparation of aluminium alloy and its performance adversely affects, so need prepare acieral it
Before be removed；For example, paramagnetic ferroso-ferric oxide can be oxidized iron into, then it is removed with magnetic field；
Primary raw material, auxiliary material and reducing agent are proportionally mixed, mixes, is configured to raw material pelletizing；It usually will system
Standby raw material mixes, and stirs evenly, so that the mixed primary raw material prepared in raw material, auxiliary material and reducing agent distribution are equal
It is even, prepare that constituent content in raw material is identical at each position, convenient for effect between high-temperature process stage each raw material and anti-
It should be able to uniformly carry out, prepare transport, high-temperature process convenient for raw material after raw material is configured to pelletizing shape.As optional embodiment party
Case uses kaolin for primary raw material, and the cold strength of raw material pelletizing is greater than 1500N, and calorific intensity is at 1600~2200 DEG C between.
Cold strength refers to that raw material pelletizing is able to bear the pressure of 1500N in the cold state, and calorific intensity refers to raw material pelletizing 1600~2200
It is not dissipated at DEG C, not powder.
The preparation method of acieral disclosed in some embodiments of the invention, raised temperature setting are 1700 DEG C or more.
In the hot environment of setting, carbonaceous reducing agent reacts with the metal oxide and nonmetal oxide prepared in raw material,
Displace metallic element and nonmetalloid therein, the metal being in a liquid state and it is nonmetallic melt in the high temperature environment, formation group
It is evenly distributed, the consistent alloy molten solution of structure.The embodiment of the present disclosure is enhanced with oxygen atom binding ability at high temperature using carbon
Characteristic, oxide is restored at high temperature, so that metal or nonmetal oxide is become pure metal or pure nonmetallic, after reduction
Pure metal nonmetallic dissolves each other to form alloy.
In preparation method disclosed in the present application, the reaction process of aluminium oxide and carbon is extremely complex, the basic mistake of aluminium experience
Cheng Shi: Al2O3→Al4O4C→Al4C3→ Al (liquid), total chemical reaction can indicate are as follows: Al2O3+ 3C=2Al+3CO, most
After obtain molten state aluminium.
Silica (SiO2) with the reaction process of carbon, silica starts to decompose at 1300 DEG C or more, 1525 DEG C of portions
Point reduction, speed is accelerated at 1650 DEG C, 1700 DEG C big portion's reaction, and whole reaction temperature is between 1300 DEG C~2004 DEG C.Conversion
The chemical reaction that process includes has: SiO2+ 3C=SiC+2CO, SiO2+ 2C=Si+2CO, 2SiC+SiO2=3Si+2CO.
When in raw material contain titanium oxide TiO2When, it can also react with carbonaceous reducing agent, Ti is made to be reduced to obtain liquid
State Ti；Since Ti is very active at high temperature, reacts immediately with Al in the environment existing for Al and generate TiAl3, generation
TiAl3Intermetallic compound is fused into immediately in liquid A l.For example, when containing TiO in kaolin starting material2When 1~3%, raw material per ton can
Reduction obtains the Ti metal of 6~18kg.
When there are FeO, Fe in raw material2O3、Fe3O1、MnO、MgO、P2O5、CaO、Na2O, Cu2O、PbO、NiO、CoO、SO2、
SnO2When equal oxides, these impurity also can obtain simple substance product by carbonaceous reducing agent, further with liquid reactive aluminum,
Generate the compound AlB of aluminium and other elementsλ；Wherein, Al indicates that metallic aluminium, B indicate that other metallic elements, X indicate two kinds of members
The stoichiometric ratio of element.
The temperature of carbonaceous reducing agent metal oxide is not quite similar, such as: 1030 DEG C or less can restore NiO, Na2O、Cu2O、PbO、
FeO.1300 DEG C~1530 DEG C can restore MnO, Cr2O3, ZnO etc.；1530 DEG C~2030 DEG C can restore TiO2、V2O5、SiO2Deng；
2030 DEG C or more can restore MgO, Al2O3, CaO etc..
These reactions produce many microelements, and into molten aluminum, minor metallic element will form the binary using aluminium as base
Or multi-element metal compound, such as TiAl3、FeAl3、FeSiAl5Deng；C, the small atom nonmetalloid such as P, then gap is in the face of aluminium
Among centered cubic lattice.
Acieral disclosed in some embodiments, including aluminium and a variety of other elements, many of other elements include
Other metallic elements and nonmetalloid, the constituent content of other metallic elements, nonmetalloid and aluminium and prepare raw material
In respective components be consistent.For example, the element in acieral include aluminium, silicon, titanium, manganese, magnesium, calcium, copper, lead, nickel, molybdenum,
Cobalt, tin, vanadium, zinc, chromium, thulium, phosphorus, carbon, boron etc..The above element exists with type at a specific ratio to be closed with aluminium base
Jin Zhong obtains the acieral of different composition and performances.The component of special ratios in order to obtain is needed according to members different in raw material
The certain content of element determines the type and ratio composition of raw material, to obtain the acieral of special ratios.Preparing raw material choice
When select reasonable raw material proportioning, rationally control the content of these elements, it is ensured that the content of these elements useful range it
It is interior, form different acierals.The group of acieral is divided into groups by the group of carbonaceous reducing agent prepared in raw material
Point, other than the fraction being discharged with gas, solid particulate, the content of constituent component and preparation are former in acieral
The content of corresponding component is consistent in material, such as the content of aluminium with its content in the feed keeps phase in acieral
When, the content of titanium is suitable with its content holding in the feed, etc..
As some embodiments, the component of acieral include 47%~49.5% aluminium, 47%~49% silicon,
1.5%~6.0% titanium, by percentage to the quality.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the primary raw material that the preparation method of acieral uses includes kaolin, low iron
Bauxite, low iron high alumina clay, aluminous fly-ash, gangue, aluminium metallurgy aluminium ash, low iron aluminium process garbage waste, quartz sand, quartz
Stone, red tripoli, clay, the discarded molecular sieve filling of oil plant filtering, iron ore, manganese ore, copper mine, coal mine, lead ore, nickel minerals, cobalt ore,
Molybdenum ore, navajoite, zinc ore, chrome ore, sodium mine, Rare Earth Mine, phosphorus ore, boron rock, coal mine, sulphur etc.；In primary raw material, contained by each raw material
Oxide type is different, according to the component of acieral, needs for different raw materials to be combined according to component ratio, match
Than.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the auxiliary material that the preparation method of acieral uses include adhesive material and
Loose agent material is helped, wherein adhesive material includes the black waste liquid of papermaking, admaic earth, lignin, cellulose, and helping loose agent material includes wood
Broken, sawdust, corncob, salix monogolica section；Binder materials form auxiliary material when pelletizing shape usually as primary raw material, suitable to compare
Primary raw material can be bonded together by the adhesive of example, form the pelletizing shape raw material that shape, intensity etc. meet technique requirement.It helps
Usually as the auxiliary material in primary raw material reaction process, proper ratio helps loose agent to be conducive to primary raw material to exist loose agent raw material
With the porosity in reducing agent reaction process inside the global shape and pellet feed of holding pelletizing shape, be conducive to keep reaction
Homogeneity improves reaction efficiency, improves raw material availability.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the reducing agent that the preparation method of acieral uses includes carbonaceous reducing agent, example
Such as, cleaned coal, semi-coke, petroleum coke, scrap molecular sieve, straw carbon, bamboo carbon, charcoal, waste wood piece, sawdust etc. be rich in carbon raw material.It is logical
Often according to the content for preparing each oxide in raw material, according to chemical reaction equivalent, complete degree of reaction and reaction speed etc., setting
The type and quantity of carbonaceous reducing agent so that reducing agent can react completely with oxide, and do not cause excessively making for reducing agent
With and waste.
The preparation method of acieral disclosed in some embodiments of the invention, preparing raw material further includes fluxing agent raw material, should
Fluxing agent raw material includes fluorite, ice crystal.Co-solvent materials usually with the ratio setting of primary raw material 0.1%~0.3% it
Between.
As optional embodiment, kaolin, clay, flyash, nearly all aluminum-containing mineral and waste etc. can be used
Make the primary raw material that acieral is prepared in the disclosure.
Kaolin
Kaolin (kaolin) is a kind of clay being mainly made of kaolinite, and basic chemical formula is Al2O3·2SiO2·
2H2O can also be write as Al2Si2O5(OH)4, organize the SiO as 46.54%2, 39.50% Al2O3, 13.96% H2O, at
Compact massive or loose earthy, it is 2~2.5 that matter is soft, has soapy feeling, hardness, specific gravity 2.4~2.6.
The kaolin ore of natural output, according to its quality, plasticity and the chiltern (particle sizes such as quartz, feldspar, mica
50 microns of >) content, be divided into Coaseries kaolin and non coal measures kaolin.Non coal measures kaolin be divided into again soft kaolin and
Sandy kaoline.Soft kaolin whiteness is high, matter is soft, easy dispersion suspends in water, good plasticity and high caking property, excellent
Good electrical insulation capability；There are the physics and chemistry such as good antiacid dissolubility, very low cation exchange capacity (CEC), preferable fire resistance simultaneously
Matter.In natural kaolin mine, usual Al2O3Content between 37.98~62.36%, SiO2Content 19.19~
Between 40.30%, Fe2O3Content is between 0.64~1.84%, TiO2Content between 1.62~3.93%.Also some aluminium
Tu Kuang contains micro MnO2, content is substantially 0.2% or so.
For example, if in kaolin also containing 2~3% TiO2, when heat-treating in preparation process, alumina, oxidation
Outside silicon is reduced, titanium dioxide is reduced the titanium of generation 1.2~1.8%, obtains aluminium silicon titanium alloy.
Bauxite
Bauxite is a kind of earthy mineral, and main component is aluminium oxide, impurity is usually contained, with the state of hydrated alumina
It is opaque, matter is crisp, extremely difficult fusing in the presence of, white or canescence, be in brown Huang or light red because iron content is how many different, density
For 3.9~4g/cm3.Bauxite is not soluble in water, composition complex, is that a variety of geology sources are different containing water oxygen
Change the general name of aluminum ore；Aqueous alumina includes boehmite, diaspore and gibbsite.Low-grade bauxite aluminium silicon
Than too low, alumina silica ratio≤2 cannot use current production technology to produce aluminium oxide.But utilize preparation side disclosed in the present application
Method can efficiently use the aluminium oxide in low-grade bauxite, be converted into the basic material of acieral.
Flyash
Flyash is the fine ash collected after coal combustion in flue gas, and main group becomes silica, iron oxide, three oxidations
Two iron, calcium oxide and titanium dioxide etc., are that current China causes one of key industry waste residue of environmental pollution, but as this Shen
Please acieral raw materials for production, all ingredients can all be used, obtain acieral and the big alloy of aluminium base.
Quartz sand, silica
Quartz sand, silica main component be SiO2, can be used for adjusting the component of Silicon In Alloys, adjust alumina silica ratio, usually
Also contain some other components, for example, micro TiO2、Na2O、K2O, CaO etc..These microelements present in raw material, all
The beneficial constituent of acieral disclosed in the present application can be become.
Rare earth element
Rare earth element not only can effectively inhibit the decline of crystal grain quantity in casting alloy, but also add to a certain extent
The refinement and modification effect to cast aluminium alloy gold such as big Ti, B, Sr；Improve aluminium alloy heat resistanceheat resistant intensity and high temperature creep-resisting, it is all
There is the addition of rare earth element in the aluminium alloy used under the condition of high temperature.Rare earth element be widely used in manufacture automotive hub,
In the aluminum alloy materials of piston, cylinder body and other structural members, enhance the physicochemical property of aluminium alloy.For example, addition trace rare-earth member
The piston of automobile of the silico-aluminum manufacture of element, service life is the 2 times or more of common alusil alloy.
As optional technical solution, the rare earth oxide mineral containing 30-50% in right amount are added in preparing raw material, through high temperature
It after being reduced into thulium, directly fuses into aluminum substrate, forms Al-Re compound.Its reduction principle are as follows: RE2O3+ 3C=
2RE+3CO。
Reducing agent raw material
The specific surface area that carbonaceous reducing agent raw material needs to have certain, fixed carbon content is high, ash content is few, resistivity is big, system
In the case that standby raw material is needed into pelletizing, it is also necessary to which there is good conglobation property.
Natural coal resource is typically chosen as carbonaceous reducing agent, such as cleaned coal, semi-coke etc..It is also an option that petroleum coke,
Carbon molecular sieve, straw carbon, bamboo carbon, charcoal, waste wood piece, sawdust etc. are used as reducing agent.
The some embodiments of the present invention are also disclosed using acieral disclosed by the embodiments of the present invention as intermediate alloy, are used
In the preparation big alloy of aluminium base.The present patent application the study found that the aluminum chemistry activity of molten condition is very active, there is fabulous stream
Dynamic property, has extremely strong solvability, other metallic elements and the nonmetalloid dissolution that can be will be present, and solubility is high,
It can be dissolved each other with arbitrary proportion and other elements, formation microstructure is uniform, multielement stablizes the Diversity material coexisted, i.e.,
The big alloy of the aluminium base addressed in this application, while other elements present in Diversity material, then can greatly change
The physicochemical property of kind aluminum-based alloy material, for example, solid aluminum fusing point, can be increased to 1200 DEG C, nanometer by the presence of boron element
Ceramic particle improves the intensity of solid aluminum, and intensity can be greater than No. 45 steel.For example, rare earth element dissolves each other with aluminium silicon titanium alloy,
Form aluminum mixture-silicon-titanium-rare earth alloy that content of rare earth is 0.05~0.3%.In order to adapt to automobile industry with aluminium alloy
Demand, this project also select during big alloy production, are added to rare earth oxide.Make big alloy with more use value.
For example, it is also possible to prepare the big alloy of aluminium base that aluminium content out is 72~85%, silicone content is 9~18%, be applied to medical instrument,
The fields such as daily necessities decoration.
It is big using acieral and the available aluminium base rich in other metallic elements of raw metal of various other types
Alloy, other kinds of raw metal, the ore including being rich in other metallic elements, other metal simple-substances, alloy or other changes
Close object etc..Such as the big alloy of aluminium manganese silicon titanium, the big alloy of aluminium silicon titanium manganese barium, aluminium silicon titanium manganese calcium, aluminium silicon titanium manganese sodium, aluminium of different compositions
The big alloy of silicomanganese titanium zinc, the big alloy of aluminium silicomanganese titanium sulphur etc., the big alloy of aluminium silicon titanium copper, the big alloy of aluminium silicon titanium molybdenum, the big alloy of aluminium tantnickel,
Deng.
The big alloy of aluminium base is prepared by raw material of acieral, acieral is usually heated to its melting temperature, then will
Other metallic element ores, metal simple-substance, alloy or other compounds are added in the form of powdered, graininess, rodlike, blocky etc.
In the acieral of molten state, the aluminium of liquid has extremely strong solvability and activity, melts completely with other solid feeds and is
One is formed with the big alloy of molten state existing for arbitrary proportion, and the big alloy of the molten state is able to maintain stable knot after the cooling period
Structure and component form the big alloy material of unique energy.
During alloy big with acieral preparation aluminium base, the cooling velocity energy of molten metal alloy material is controlled
The Nomenclature Composition and Structure of Complexes of big alloy is enough adjusted, for example, can accelerate cooling velocity, solid alloy material is microcosmic after cooling down with reinforcing
Structure eliminates the difference of internal microstructure, such as component segregation etc..As optional embodiment, using cooling water, cooling sky
Gas etc. forces cooling way to accelerate the cooling velocity of liquid alloy, reaches the technical effect for eliminating microstructural differences.
Acieral preparation method disclosed by the embodiments of the present invention, by component and match any setting prepare raw material close
Be directly reduced to metal using reducing agent in closed loop border, and then dissolve each other to obtain acieral, the composition and ratio of acieral by
The proportion for preparing raw material determines, especially the waste resources such as low-grade bauxite, Coaseries kaolin can be directly changed into aluminium
Rare and important resource as based alloy, low energy consumption for preparation process, pollution-free, and can be further by acieral
As intermediate alloy, the big alloy of aluminium base is prepared with other metallic elements, there is the big alloy of aluminium base existing acieral not had
Characteristic, expanded exploitation type and the related application field of acieral new product.
The disclosure of exemplary description and data above in conjunction with the embodiments, the details and invention essence of technical solution of the present invention
It is more clear, it is clear, it should be understood that these details are not the limitation to substantive content of the present invention and protection scope, any right
The combination and expansion mode of technical characteristic disclosed by the invention belong to present inventive concept, belong to present invention protection to be asked
Within the scope of.
Claims (12)
1. a kind of preparation method of acieral, which is characterized in that prepare raw material in a closed environment, it is anti-at elevated temperatures
It answers, melt, obtain acieral.
2. preparation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the raw material for preparing includes primary raw material and reduction
Agent, wherein the primary raw material includes the primary raw material containing aluminium and the primary raw material containing other elements, wherein described other
Element include silicon, titanium, manganese, iron, magnesium, calcium, copper, lead, nickel, cobalt, molybdenum, tin, vanadium, zinc, chromium, sodium, thulium, phosphorus, boron or
At least one of sulphur element or combinations thereof.
3. preparation method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the primary raw material containing aluminium is selected from kaolin, low
In ferrallite mine, low iron high alumina clay, aluminous fly-ash, gangue, aluminium metallurgy aluminium ash or low iron aluminium processing garbage waste at least
One kind or combinations thereof；
The primary raw material of the other elements is selected from quartz sand, quartz, red tripoli, clay, the discarded molecule of oil plant filtering
Sieve filler, iron ore, manganese ore, copper mine, coal mine, lead ore, nickel minerals, cobalt ore, molybdenum ore, navajoite, zinc ore, chrome ore, sodium mine, Rare Earth Mine, phosphorus
At least one of mine, boron rock or sulphur or combinations thereof；
Reducing agent includes carbonaceous reducing agent, the carbonaceous reducing agent be selected from cleaned coal, semi-coke, petroleum coke, carbon molecular sieve, straw carbon,
At least one of bamboo carbon, charcoal, waste wood piece or sawdust or combinations thereof.
4. preparation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the raw material for preparing further includes auxiliary material and fluxing
Agent raw material, in which:
The fluxing agent raw material includes the combination of one or both of fluorite, ice crystal；
The auxiliary material includes adhesive material and helps loose agent material, in which:
Described adhesive material includes at least one of the black waste liquid of papermaking, admaic earth, lignin or cellulose or combinations thereof；
It is described that loose agent material is helped to include at least one of the wooden broken, sawdust, corncob or salix monogolica section or combinations thereof.
5. preparation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the raised temperature setting is 1700 DEG C or more.
6. preparation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the preprocessing process including preparing raw material, it is specific to wrap
It includes:
Raw material will be prepared and be broken into graininess, the partial size of particle is 1~5mm；
Removing prepares the moisture in raw material；
Contain ferro element in raw material if prepared, ferro element is removed；
Primary raw material, auxiliary material and reducing agent are proportionally mixed, mixes, is configured to raw material pelletizing.
7. a kind of acieral obtained by the described in any item preparation methods of claim 1~6, which is characterized in that the aluminium
Based alloy includes aluminium and other elements, and other elements include other metallic elements and nonmetalloid, other gold
Belong to element, nonmetalloid and aluminium constituent content with to prepare corresponding constituent content in raw material consistent.
8. acieral according to claim 7, which is characterized in that other elements be selected from silicon, titanium, manganese, iron, magnesium,
At least one of calcium, copper, lead, nickel, cobalt, molybdenum, tin, vanadium, zinc, chromium, sodium, thulium, phosphorus, boron or sulphur element or its group
It closes.
9. acieral according to claim 7, which is characterized in that by percentage to the quality, comprising: 47%~49.5%
Aluminium, 47%~49% silicon, 1.5%~6.0% titanium.
10. a kind of big alloy of aluminium base, which is characterized in that the big alloy of aluminium base is by the described in any item aluminium bases of claim 6~9
Alloy is intermediate alloy, is prepared.
11. the big alloy of aluminium base according to claim 10, which is characterized in that the big alloy of aluminium base includes aluminium and other members
Element, other elements include other metallic elements and nonmetalloid, other metallic elements, nonmetalloid and aluminium
Constituent content arbitrary proportion can be set into.
12. the big alloy of aluminium base according to claim 11, which is characterized in that other elements be selected from titanium, manganese, iron, magnesium,
At least one of calcium, copper, lead, nickel, cobalt, molybdenum, tin, vanadium, zinc, chromium, sodium, rare earth metal, silicon, phosphorus, boron or sulphur element or its group
It closes.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113718131A (en) * | 2021-09-03 | 2021-11-30 | 立中四通轻合金集团股份有限公司 | Short-flow low-cost preparation method of titanium-molybdenum intermediate alloy |
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| CN1320714A (en) * | 2001-02-27 | 2001-11-07 | 东北大学 | Process for preparing Al-Si alloy in DC arc furnace |
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| CN113718131A (en) * | 2021-09-03 | 2021-11-30 | 立中四通轻合金集团股份有限公司 | Short-flow low-cost preparation method of titanium-molybdenum intermediate alloy |
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