CN115541387B - Rock mass simulation method for impact and rock burst tendency - Google Patents

Rock mass simulation method for impact and rock burst tendency Download PDF

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CN115541387B
CN115541387B CN202211478796.2A CN202211478796A CN115541387B CN 115541387 B CN115541387 B CN 115541387B CN 202211478796 A CN202211478796 A CN 202211478796A CN 115541387 B CN115541387 B CN 115541387B
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impact
index
preparation scheme
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CN115541387A (en
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王�琦
王允偲
江贝
徐奴文
张后全
蒋振华
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China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB
Shandong Energy Group Co Ltd
Beijing Liyan Technology Co Ltd
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Shandong Energy Group Co Ltd
Beijing Liyan Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of rock mass simulation of underground engineering impact and rock burst tendency, in particular to a rock mass simulation method of impact and rock burst tendency. The method comprises the following steps: and primary screening, namely preparing an initial test piece according to the proportion in the initial preparation scheme, and determining a candidate preparation scheme and an optimized proportion range by combining the defined stress release phenomenon, stress release rate and primary selection impact index. And optimizing and screening, namely preparing an optimal test piece according to the candidate preparation scheme and the optimal proportioning range, and determining the optimal preparation scheme and the corresponding impact and rock burst tendencies by combining the impact energy index, the rock burst strength index and the rock burst intensity index. And (4) target screening, namely preparing a rock mass test piece according to an optimal preparation scheme, and determining a target preparation scheme according to a physical simulation test phenomenon and an actual project. So that technicians select a target preparation scheme to perform impact and rockburst simulation experiments according to the actual engineering outline. The rock burst characteristic and the rock burst characteristic in actual engineering can be restored by adopting the method and the device.

Description

Rock mass simulation method for impact and rock burst tendency
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of rock mass simulation of underground engineering impact and rock burst tendency, in particular to a rock mass simulation method of impact and rock burst tendency.
Background
At present, with the increasing excavation depth of underground engineering such as coal mine roadways, tunnels and the like, ground stress and geological conditions become complex, the occurrence frequency of dynamic disasters such as rock burst, rock burst and the like is increased, the occurrence intensity is also increased, and serious economic loss and casualties are caused. The occurrence of dynamic disasters such as rock burst, rock burst and the like is instantaneous and violent, and although the dynamic disasters can be predicted by means of microseismic monitoring and the like, no effective treatment measures exist at present. The method is high in cost and high in cost, so that the physical simulation test is needed to reproduce the characteristics of the dynamic disasters such as the site rock burst, the rock burst and the rock burst, the effective treatment measures of the underground dynamic disasters such as the rock burst and the rock burst are researched, the method is a research mode with good effect, and the method has great significance for the deep research of the problems of the dynamic disasters such as the rock burst and the rock burst.
The reasonable simulated rock mass for dynamic disasters such as rock burst, rock burst and the like is selected to carry out physical simulation test, so that the occurrence mechanism and the treatment measures of the dynamic disasters such as the rock burst, the rock burst and the like can be effectively explored. Therefore, the method has important significance for truly restoring the characteristics of dynamic disasters such as rock burst, rock burst and the like in actual engineering. Therefore, a method for preparing and testing a simulated rock mass for dynamic disasters such as rock burst, rock burst and the like is needed to truly restore the characteristics of the dynamic disasters such as rock burst, rock burst and the like in actual engineering and reproduce the dynamic disaster phenomena such as rock burst, rock burst and the like in actual engineering in a physical model test.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, there is a need to provide a method for simulating rock mass with impact and rock burst tendency.
In a first aspect, there is provided a method of simulating a rock mass prone to impact and rockburst, the method comprising:
primary screening according toPreparing an initial test piece according to the proportion in the preparation scheme, performing a uniaxial compression test and a Brazilian split test on the initial test piece, and acquiring a stress release phenomenon, a stress release rate and a primary selection impact index R corresponding to the initial test piece 0 And according to the stress release phenomenon, the stress release rate and the primary selection impact index R corresponding to each initial test piece 0 Determining a candidate preparation scheme;
optimizing and screening, determining an optimized proportioning range according to the candidate preparation scheme, determining an optimized preparation scheme according to the optimized proportioning range, preparing an optimized test piece according to the optimized preparation scheme, performing a cyclic loading and unloading test on the optimized test piece, and obtaining an impact energy index R corresponding to the optimized test piece e Rockburst strength index R s And rockburst severity index R i And according to the impact energy index R corresponding to each preferable test piece e Rockburst strength index R s And rockburst severity index R i Determining an optimal preparation scheme and corresponding impact and rockburst tendencies;
the method comprises the steps of target screening, determining a preparation scheme to be selected according to impact and rockburst tendency of actual engineering and combining with an optimal preparation scheme, preparing a target optimal test piece according to the preparation scheme to be selected, carrying out a physical simulation test on the target optimal test piece, determining the preparation scheme to be selected consistent with impact and rockburst characteristics of the actual engineering as a target preparation scheme, and enabling technicians to prepare a rock mass test piece according to the target preparation scheme to carry out a physical simulation test.
As an optional implementation manner, the stress relief phenomenon, the stress relief rate and the primary selection impact index R corresponding to each initial test piece are used 0 Determining a candidate preparation protocol comprising:
if the stress release phenomenon corresponding to the initial test piece comprises any preset stress release phenomenon; or,
the stress release rate is greater than a preset stress release rate threshold; or,
the initial selection impact index R 0 If the impact index is greater than the preset impact index threshold value, the value isAnd determining the initial preparation scheme corresponding to the initial test piece as the candidate preparation scheme.
As an optional implementation manner, the uniaxial compression test and the brazilian split test are performed on the initial test piece, and the stress release phenomenon, the stress release rate and the initial selection impact index R corresponding to the initial test piece are obtained 0 The method comprises the following steps:
performing the uniaxial compression test on the initial test piece to obtain a first full stress-strain curve, uniaxial compressive strength and stress release phenomena corresponding to the initial test piece, wherein the stress release phenomena comprise one or more of granular ejection, block ejection and plate breaking and peeling;
carrying out the Brazilian split test on the initial test piece to obtain the uniaxial tensile strength corresponding to the initial test piece;
determining the maximum slope variation of the softening stage in the first full stress-strain curve as the stress release rate corresponding to the initial test piece;
determining a primary selection impact index R corresponding to the initial test piece according to the first full stress-strain curve, the uniaxial compressive strength and the uniaxial tensile strength 0 。
As an optional implementation manner, determining a primary selection impact index R corresponding to the initial test piece according to the first full stress-strain curve, the uniaxial compressive strength and the uniaxial tensile strength 0 The formula of (1) is:
R 0 =σ c ε a S a /(σ t ε b S b )；
wherein R is 0 For preliminary selection of impact index, σ c Is uniaxial compressive strength, σ t Is uniaxial tensile strength,. Epsilon a Is the pre-peak strain value, ε, in the first full stress-strain curve b Is the peak post-strain value, S, in the first full stress strain curve a Is the total area before the peak, S, in the first full stress strain curve b Is the total area after the peak in the first full stress strain curve.
As an optional implementation manner, the determining a preferred preparation scheme according to the optimal proportioning range includes:
within the optimized proportioning range, variables are controlled according to the principle of an orthogonal test, the content of each preparation material is subjected to refined distribution, and the preparation scheme after refined distribution is determined as the preferred preparation scheme.
As an optional implementation manner, the cyclic loading and unloading test is performed on the preferred test piece to obtain the impact energy index R corresponding to the preferred test piece e Rockburst strength index R s And rockburst intensity index R i And according to the impact energy index R corresponding to each preferable test piece e Rockburst strength index R s And rockburst intensity index R i Determining a preferred preparation scheme and corresponding impact and rockburst tendencies, comprising:
performing the cyclic loading and unloading test on the preferred test piece to obtain a second full stress strain curve and the mass m of particles generated by the preferred test piece in the loading process pi Particle ejection distance D pi And velocity v of particle ejection i ；
Determining the impact energy index R corresponding to the preferred test piece according to the second full stress-strain curve e ；
According to the particle mass m of each of the particles pi Particle ejection distance D pi And the mass M of the preferred test piece, and determining the rock burst strength index R corresponding to the preferred test piece s ；
The particle ejection velocity v of each of the particles i Determining the maximum value of the test pieces as the corresponding rockburst intensity index R of the preferable test piece i ；
At a pre-stored impact energy index R e Rockburst strength index R s And rockburst intensity index R i And inquiring the impact and rock burst tendency corresponding to the preferred test piece in the corresponding relation of the impact and the rock burst tendency.
As an optional implementation manner, determining the impact energy index R corresponding to the preferred test piece according to the second full stress-strain curve e The formula of (1) is as follows:
R e =(S a1 -S a2 +S b1 )/S b1 ；
wherein R is e Is an impact energy index, S a1 Is the area S enclosed by the curve before the peak stress in the second full stress strain curve a2 Is the area enclosed by the first loading curve and the last unloading curve in the second full stress strain curve, S b1 The area enclosed by the curve after the peak stress in the second full stress strain curve.
As an alternative embodiment, the particle mass m of each of the particles is pi Particle ejection distance D pi And the mass M of the preferred test piece, and determining the rock burst strength index R corresponding to the preferred test piece s The formula of (1) is:
Figure 48748DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
；
wherein R is s Is the rock burst strength index, M is the mass of the preferred test piece before the cyclic loading and unloading test, M is pi The mass of the particles of the i-th particle generated during the loading of the preferred test piece, n is the number of particles, k i Is the mass coefficient of the particle, k, of the ith particle 0 Is a set value, D pi The ejection distance of the ith particle, D 0 Is a preset particle ejection distance threshold.
As an optional implementation manner, the determining, according to the impact and rock burst tendency of the actual engineering, a preferred preparation scheme, a candidate preparation scheme, preparing a target preferred test piece according to the candidate preparation scheme, performing a physical simulation test on the target preferred test piece, and determining, as the target preparation scheme, the candidate preparation scheme consistent with the impact and rock burst characteristics of the actual engineering, includes:
determining an optimal preparation scheme consistent with the impact and rock burst tendentiousness of the actual engineering as a preparation scheme to be selected according to the impact and rock burst tendentiousness of the actual engineering;
preparing the rock mass test piece according to the preparation scheme to be selected, and carrying out a physical simulation test on the rock mass test piece to obtain the impact and rock burst characteristics of the rock mass test piece, wherein the impact and rock burst characteristics comprise one or more of impact and rock burst occurrence positions, impact and rock burst strength and impact and rock burst phenomena;
and if the impact and rock burst characteristics of the rock mass test piece are consistent with those of the actual engineering, determining the preparation scheme to be selected corresponding to the rock mass test piece as a target preparation scheme.
In a second aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, on which a computer program is stored which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the method steps of any one of the first aspects.
The application provides a rock mass simulation method for impact and rock burst tendency, which adopts the technical scheme that: primary screening, preparing an initial test piece according to the proportion in the initial preparation scheme, carrying out a uniaxial compression test and a Brazilian split test on the initial test piece, and obtaining a stress release phenomenon, a stress release rate and a primary selection impact index R corresponding to the initial test piece 0 And according to the stress release phenomenon, the stress release rate and the initial selection impact index R corresponding to each initial test piece 0 And determining a candidate preparation scheme. Optimizing and screening, determining an optimized proportioning range according to the candidate preparation scheme, determining an optimized preparation scheme according to the optimized proportioning range, preparing an optimized test piece according to the optimized preparation scheme, performing a cyclic loading and unloading test on the optimized test piece, and obtaining an impact energy index R corresponding to the optimized test piece e Rockburst strength index R s And rockburst intensity index R i And according to the impact energy index R corresponding to each preferable test piece e Rockburst strength index R s And rockburst intensity index R i And determining a preferred preparation scheme and corresponding impact and rockburst tendencies. Target screening, namely determining an optimal preparation scheme consistent with the actual engineering impact and rock burst tendency as a target preparation scheme according to the actual engineering impact and rock burst tendency, so that technicians can prepare rock mass test pieces according to the target preparation scheme to carry out target preparationAnd (4) performing physical simulation experiments. According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application, the preparation material proportion of the simulated rock mass meeting the actual impact and rock burst characteristics is screened out according to the impact and rock burst tendentiousness, the problems that the impact and rock burst phenomenon in the actual engineering is difficult to reproduce in the physical simulation test process and the like can be solved, and guidance is provided for the preparation and test of the impact and rock burst simulated rock mass in the physical simulation test.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the application.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for simulating a rock mass with impact and rockburst tendencies according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of another method for simulating rock mass with impact and rockburst tendencies according to the embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a flowchart of another method for simulating rock mass with impact and rockburst tendencies according to the embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a flowchart of another method for simulating a rock mass with impact and rockburst tendencies according to the embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of an example of a method for simulating a rock mass with impact and rockburst tendencies according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a full-stress-strain curve according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.
In the following, a detailed description will be given of a method for simulating an impact and rockburst prone rock mass according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 1 is a flowchart of the method for simulating an impact and rockburst prone rock mass according to the embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 1, the specific steps are as follows:
step 101, primary screening, preparing an initial test piece according to the proportion in the initial preparation scheme, carrying out a uniaxial compression test and a Brazilian split test on the initial test piece, and obtaining a stress release phenomenon, a stress release rate and a primary selection impact index R corresponding to the initial test piece 0 And according to the stress release phenomenon, the stress release rate and the initial selection impact index R corresponding to each initial test piece 0 And determining a candidate preparation scheme.
In practice, the experimenter prepares initial test pieces of the initial preparation scheme according to the proportion of the preparation materials in the initial preparation scheme.
Optionally, the preparation material comprises one or more of aggregate, cement, additives and solvents.
In practice, the ratio of the preparation materials in the initial preparation protocol is obtained as follows: experimenters can select different aggregates, cementing agents, additives and solvents as preparation materials of initial test pieces. Wherein, the aggregate can be divided into quartz sand, talcum powder, coal powder and the like. The cementing agent can be classified into cement, gypsum, and the like. The additive is mainly glycerin or water glass. The solvent is selected from water, alcohol, water glass, etc. Experimenters can be divided into a plurality of series according to the difference of aggregates, such as aggregates 1, 2 and 3, 8230, and in each series, the experimenters can be divided into a plurality of experimental groups according to the difference of cementing agents. In each experimental group, an orthogonal test was performed based on the control variable principle. Different proportions of a plurality of same components can be obtained by changing the proportion contents of the aggregate, the cementing agent and the additive. Namely the proportion of the preparation materials in the initial preparation scheme. Following the preparation of the materials in the initial preparation protocol, the experimenter can make n (e.g., 3) initial samples of phi 50 x 100 (cylinder 50mm in diameter and 100mm in height) and n initial samples of phi 50 x 50 for subsequent experiments.
Optionally, the preparation method of the initial test piece comprises:
and uniformly mixing the solution and the additive to obtain a mixed solution a, and uniformly mixing the aggregate and the cementing agent according to a ratio to obtain a mixed powder b. And mixing the mixed solution a and the mixed powder b, stirring uniformly, adding into a specified mould, compacting, vibrating, standing for a period of time, and demoulding. And (5) after demolding, maintaining under a constant-temperature ventilation condition.
The experimenter can place an initial test piece of a certain group on the experiment machine, for example, the uniaxial compression test can be carried out by adopting the electro-hydraulic servo material experiment machine, and the initial test piece is loaded to be damaged at a preset speed. And placing an initial test piece on a testing machine of the Brazilian split test, and uniformly loading at a preset loading speed until the initial test piece is damaged. Experimenters can obtain the stress release phenomenon, the stress release rate and the initial selection impact index R corresponding to the initial test piece through a computer 0 . And (4) eliminating the initial test piece which does not meet the test requirements and the proportion of the corresponding preparation material by the experimenter according to the experimental result, and further determining a candidate preparation scheme.
Optionally, fig. 2 is a flowchart of another method for simulating a rock mass with an impact and rock burst tendency provided in this embodiment, and as shown in fig. 2, an experimenter performs a uniaxial compression test and a brazilian split test on an initial test piece to obtain a stress release phenomenon, a stress release rate, and an initial selection impact index R corresponding to the initial test piece 0 The method comprises the following specific steps:
step 201, performing a uniaxial compression test on an initial test piece to obtain a first full stress-strain curve, uniaxial compressive strength and stress release phenomena corresponding to the initial test piece, wherein the stress release phenomena include one or more of granular ejection, block ejection and plate folding and peeling.
In implementation, an experimenter performs a uniaxial compression test on an initial test piece, the initial test piece is uniformly loaded at a preset loading speed, the corresponding relation between the load and the longitudinal and transverse strains of the rock mass test piece is recorded according to a preset load interval until the rock mass test piece is completely damaged after being loaded, and the corresponding load and the stress release phenomenon occurring in the loading process when the initial test piece is completely damaged are recorded. The stress release phenomenon mainly refers to the phenomenon of particle ejection generated in the uniaxial compression test process, and comprises the phenomena of impact and rock burst, such as particle ejection, block ejection, plate breaking and peeling and the like. The experimenter inputs the corresponding load and the sectional area of the rock mass test piece when the initial test piece is completely destroyed into the computer, and the computer can determine the uniaxial compressive strength corresponding to the initial test piece. The computer may also generate a first full-stress-strain curve according to the corresponding relationship between the load input by the experimenter and the longitudinal and transverse strains of the initial test piece, as shown in fig. 6.
Step 202, carrying out Brazilian splitting test on the initial test piece, and obtaining the uniaxial tensile strength corresponding to the initial test piece.
In implementation, an experimenter performs a brazilian splitting test on an initial test piece, and utilizes a pressing strip to radially load the initial test piece (the initial test piece in the embodiment of the application is a cylinder) so as to split the initial test piece along the diameter direction, and the experimenter records the maximum load when the initial test piece is split and inputs the maximum load into a computer. And determining the uniaxial tensile strength of the initial test piece by the computer according to the maximum load when the initial test piece is split.
And step 203, determining the maximum slope variation of the softening stage in the first full stress-strain curve as the stress release rate corresponding to the initial test piece.
In practice, stress relaxation refers to the phenomenon of large stress dip in the full stress-strain curve during the softening stage. The softening stage refers to a stress reduction stage after the peak stress in the full stress-strain curve. Based on the first full stress-strain curve generated in step 201, the computer may determine the slope of the curve before and after the peak stress in the first full stress-strain curve. And determining the maximum slope variation of the slope of the curve before and after the peak stress as the stress release rate corresponding to the initial test piece by an experimenter.
Step 204, determining a primary selection impact index R corresponding to the initial test piece according to the first full stress-strain curve, the uniaxial compressive strength and the uniaxial tensile strength 0 。
In implementation, the computer determines a primary selection impact index R corresponding to the initial test piece according to the first full stress-strain curve, the uniaxial compressive strength and the uniaxial tensile strength 0 。
Optionally, the computer determines a primary selection impact index R corresponding to the initial test piece according to the first full stress-strain curve, the uniaxial compressive strength and the uniaxial tensile strength 0 The formula of (1) is:
R 0 =σ c ε a S a /(σ t ε b S b )；
wherein R is 0 For preliminary selection of impact index, σ c Is uniaxial compressive strength, σ t For uniaxial tensile strength, ε a Is the pre-peak strain value, ε, in the first full stress strain curve b Is the peak post-strain value, S, in the first full stress strain curve a Is the total area before the peak, S, in the first full stress strain curve b Is the total area after the peak in the first full stress strain curve.
Optionally, the experimenter selects the impact index R according to the stress release phenomenon, the stress release rate and the initial selection corresponding to each initial test piece 0 The specific method for determining the candidate preparation scheme is as follows:
if any preset stress release phenomenon is included in the stress release phenomena corresponding to the initial test piece; or,
the stress release rate is greater than a preset stress release rate threshold; or,
initial selection of impact index R 0 And if the initial preparation scheme is larger than the preset impact index threshold value, determining the initial preparation scheme corresponding to the initial test piece as a candidate preparation scheme.
In implementation, if an initial test piece satisfies any one of the following conditions, an experimenter determines an initial preparation scheme corresponding to the initial test piece as a candidate preparation scheme. Otherwise, the scheme is eliminated.
The first condition is as follows: the stress release phenomena generated by the rock mass test piece of the initial preparation scheme include any preset stress release phenomena, such as granular ejection, block ejection, plate fracture and spalling, and the like, which are exemplified in the embodiment of step 201.
And a second condition: the stress release rate corresponding to the rock mass test piece of the initial preparation scheme is larger than a preset stress release rate threshold, namely the maximum slope variation in the first full stress-strain curve.
And (3) carrying out a third condition: the initial selection impact tendency index is larger than the preset impact and rock burst tendency index threshold (such as the initial selection impact index R) 0 Greater than 100).
102, optimizing and screening, determining an optimized proportioning range according to the candidate preparation scheme, determining an optimized preparation scheme according to the optimized proportioning range, preparing an optimized test piece according to the optimized preparation scheme, performing a circulating loading and unloading test on the optimized test piece, and obtaining an impact energy index R corresponding to the optimized test piece e Rockburst strength index R s And rockburst intensity index R i And according to the impact energy index R corresponding to each preferable test piece e Rockburst strength index R s And rockburst intensity index R i And determining a preferred preparation scheme and corresponding impact and rockburst tendencies.
In implementation, an experimenter screens out the proportion of the preparation materials in a plurality of candidate preparation schemes based on the step 101, and determines the upper limit and the lower limit of the content of each preparation material by combining the damage characteristics and the initial selection impact tendentiousness of rock mass test pieces in other orthogonal test schemes in the same series of test schemes in the same group, namely, the optimal proportion range. The computer can determine the optimal preparation scheme within the optimal proportioning range of the preparation materials.
Optionally, the computer determines the preferred preparation scheme according to the optimized proportioning range by the specific steps of:
within the range of the optimized proportioning, variables are controlled according to the principle of an orthogonal test, the content of each preparation material is subjected to refined distribution, and the preparation scheme after the refined distribution is determined as the preferred preparation scheme.
In the implementation, experimenters input the optimized proportioning range of each preparation material into a computer, the computer performs orthogonal experiments based on the control variable principle, within the optimized proportioning range, performs more detailed optimized proportioning design on the content of each preparation material, obtains optimized different proportioning schemes, and determines the optimized different proportioning schemes as the optimized preparation schemes.
Alternatively, the experimenter may prepare preferred test pieces according to a preferred preparation protocol.
In the implementation, the experimenter prepares the preferable test pieces according to the mixture ratio of the preparation materials in the preferable preparation scheme. For example: for each preferred preparation protocol, the experimenter can make n blocks of phi 50 × 100 standard preferred test pieces.
Optionally, fig. 3 is a flowchart of another method for simulating a rock mass prone to impact and rock burst according to the embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 3, an experimenter performs a cyclic loading and unloading test on a preferred test piece to obtain an impact energy index R corresponding to the preferred test piece e Rockburst strength index R s And rockburst intensity index R i And according to the impact energy index R corresponding to each preferable test piece e Rockburst strength index R s And rockburst intensity index R i The specific steps for determining the preferred preparation scheme and the corresponding impact and rockburst tendencies are as follows:
step 301, aiming at the preferable test piece, a cyclic loading and unloading test is carried out to obtain a second full stress strain curve and the particle mass m of particles generated in the loading process of the preferable test piece pi Particle ejection distance D pi And velocity v of particle ejection i 。
In practice, the experimenter maintains and weighs the preferred test piece to obtain the mass of the preferred test piece. Before the cyclic loading and unloading test, an experimenter erects two high-speed cameras for recording the preferred form of the test piece ejection particles. Before starting the test, the computer may determine an average value of the uniaxial compressive strengths from the uniaxial compressive strengths corresponding to the respective preferable test pieces input by the experimenter, and determine the average value as an average yield strength. In the cyclic loading and unloading test process, the computer controls the test equipment to apply load to the optimized test piece, when the test piece is loaded to 95% of the average yield strength, the test piece is unloaded to 5% of the average yield strength, after the loading and unloading are repeated twice, the test piece is loaded to the rock mass and is damaged, and a stress-strain curve in the cyclic loading and unloading test process, namely a second full stress-strain curve, is obtained. Computer base heightThe form of the preferred test piece ejected particles captured by the speed camera can determine the particle ejection speed v of the particles generated by the preferred test piece in the loading process i . The experimenter collects the particles and obtains the mass m of the particles pi And a particle ejection distance D pi And input into the computer.
Step 302, determining the impact energy index R corresponding to the preferred test piece according to the second full stress-strain curve e 。
In implementation, the computer determines the area surrounded by the curve before the peak stress in the second full stress-strain curve, the area surrounded by the first loading curve and the last unloading curve in the second full stress-strain curve and the area surrounded by the curve after the peak stress in the second full stress-strain curve according to the second full stress-strain curve, and further determines the impact energy index corresponding to the preferable test piece.
Optionally, the computer determines the impact energy index R corresponding to the preferred test piece according to the second full stress-strain curve e The formula of (1) is:
R e =(S a1 -S a2 +S b1 )/S b1 ；
wherein R is e Is an impact energy index, S a1 The area S enclosed by the curve before the peak stress in the second full stress strain curve a2 Is the area enclosed by the first loading curve and the last unloading curve in the second full stress strain curve, S b1 The area enclosed by the curve after the peak stress in the second full stress strain curve.
303, according to the particle mass m of each particle pi Particle ejection distance D pi And the mass M of the preferred test piece, and determining the rock burst strength index R corresponding to the preferred test piece s 。
In practice, the particle ejection distance D pi Can reflect the strength of impact and rock burst strength, and the computer can calculate the particle mass m of each particle pi Particle ejection distance D pi And the mass M of the preferred test piece, and determining the rock burst strength index corresponding to the preferred test piece.
Optionally, the computer calculates the mass m of each particle based on the mass of each particle pi Particle ejection distance D pi And the mass M of the preferred test piece, and determining the rock burst strength index R corresponding to the preferred test piece s The formula of (1) is:
Figure 434730DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
；
wherein R is s Is the rock burst strength index, M is the mass of the rock mass specimen of the target preparation scheme before the cyclic loading and unloading test, M is pi The grain mass of the ith grain generated in the loading process of the rock mass test piece which is a target preparation scheme, n is the number of grains, k i Is the mass coefficient of the particle, k, of the ith particle 0 Is a set value, D pi The particle ejection distance of the ith particle, D 0 Is a preset particle ejection distance threshold.
304, ejecting the particle with the speed v i The maximum value in the test pieces is determined as the corresponding rock burst intensity index R of the preferable test piece i 。
In practice, the high speed camera captures the particle ejection velocity v of each particle generated by the preferred specimen i And input into a computer, which ejects the particle velocity v of each particle i The maximum value in the test pieces is determined as the corresponding rock burst intensity index of the preferable test piece.
Step 305, in the pre-stored impact energy index R e Rockburst strength index R s And rockburst severity index R i And inquiring the impact and rock burst tendency corresponding to the preferable test piece in the corresponding relation of the impact and the rock burst tendency.
In the implementation, the experimenter stores the impact energy index R in the computer in advance e Rockburst strength index R s Rockburst intensity index R i And impact versus rockburst tendency, as shown in table one:
watch 1
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
For each preferred test piece, if the impact energy index R of the preferred test piece e Rockburst strength index R s And rockburst intensity index R i And simultaneously, the requirements of an impact energy index, a rock burst strength index and a rock burst intensity index corresponding to a certain impact and rock burst tendency are met, and the impact and rock burst tendency is determined as the impact and rock burst tendency corresponding to the preferred test piece, namely the impact and rock burst tendency corresponding to the preferred preparation scheme. If a certain preferred test piece does not simultaneously meet the requirements of an impact energy index, a rock burst strength index and a rock burst intensity index corresponding to a certain impact and rock burst tendency, the impact and rock burst tendency of the preferred test piece cannot be inquired, and the computer eliminates a preferred preparation scheme corresponding to the preferred test piece.
103, screening a target, determining a preparation scheme to be selected according to the impact and rock burst tendency of the actual engineering by combining an optimal preparation scheme, preparing a target optimal test piece according to the preparation scheme to be selected, performing a physical simulation test on the target optimal test piece, and determining the preparation scheme to be selected with the impact and rock burst characteristics of the actual engineering consistent with those of the rock burst characteristic as the target preparation scheme so that a technician can prepare a rock mass test piece according to the target preparation scheme to perform a physical simulation test.
In the implementation, an experimenter determines an optimal preparation scheme consistent with the impact and rock burst characteristics of the actual engineering as a target preparation scheme according to the impact and rock burst tendentiousness of the actual engineering, so that a technician can prepare a rock mass test piece according to the target preparation scheme to perform a physical simulation experiment.
Optionally, fig. 4 is a flowchart of another method for simulating a rock mass prone to impact and rock burst provided in the embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 4, because the preferred preparation schemes do not always meet rock mass conditions in practical engineering, experimenters can further screen the preferred preparation schemes by adopting the following steps to further determine a target preparation scheme, and the specific steps are as follows:
step 401, according to the impact and rockburst tendentiousness of the actual engineering, determining an optimal preparation scheme consistent with the impact and rockburst tendentiousness of the actual engineering as a preparation scheme to be selected.
Step 402, preparing a rock mass test piece according to the preparation scheme to be selected, and performing an impact and rock burst simulation test on the rock mass test piece to obtain impact and rock burst characteristics of the rock mass test piece, wherein the impact and rock burst characteristics comprise one or more of impact and rock burst occurrence positions, impact and rock burst strength and impact and rock burst phenomena.
And step 403, if the impact and rock burst characteristics of the rock mass test piece are consistent with those of the actual engineering, determining the preparation scheme to be selected corresponding to the rock mass test piece as a target preparation scheme.
In the implementation, according to the impact and rockburst conditions in the actual engineering, an experimenter can select an optimal preparation scheme matched with the impact and rockburst tendency types in the actual engineering to prepare a rock mass test piece, and prefabricate an excavation block and a supporting structure which accord with the actual underground engineering working conditions, and the 3D printed construction is prefabricated at an appointed position in the process of preparing the rock mass test piece. According to a similar principle, an experimenter applies external stress similar to ground stress to a rock mass test piece, removes a prefabricated excavation block according to actual construction conditions, applies external force similar to actual working conditions to a prefabricated supporting structure, records and simulates impact and rock burst conditions by using a high-speed camera, can acquire the impact and rock burst occurrence position, the impact and rock burst strength and the impact and rock burst phenomenon of the rock mass test piece, and determines a preparation scheme to be selected corresponding to the rock mass test piece as a target preparation scheme if the impact and rock burst occurrence position, the impact and rock burst strength and the impact and rock burst phenomenon of the rock mass test piece are consistent with the impact and rock burst characteristics (the impact and rock burst occurrence position, the impact and rock burst strength and the impact and rock burst phenomenon) of actual engineering.
Optionally, fig. 5 is a flowchart of an example of a method for simulating a rock mass with impact and rock burst tendencies according to an embodiment of the present application, where the method includes a process of feedback optimizing a ratio of a rock mass test piece according to a physical simulation test, and the process includes the following steps:
step 501, according to the fact that the same aggregate is in a series, the same cementing agent is in the same group in each series, the proportioning content is adjusted by combining an orthogonal test, an initial preparation scheme is determined, and an initial test piece (rock mass test piece) is manufactured.
Step 502, according to the uniaxial compression test and the Brazilian split test, obtaining a stress release phenomenon, a stress release rate and an initial selection impact tendency index, and further determining a candidate preparation scheme.
And 503, determining the optimized proportioning range by combining the destructive characteristics and the initial selection impact tendentiousness of other orthogonal test schemes in the same series of candidate preparation schemes. According to the determined optimal proportioning range, the contents of all the components are subjected to more refined optimal proportioning design in the optimal proportioning range of the impact and the rock burst through an orthogonal test and a variable control principle, an optimal preparation scheme is determined, and an optimal test piece is manufactured.
And step 504, acquiring the impact energy index, the rock burst strength index and the rock burst intensity index of each preferred test piece according to the cyclic loading and unloading test, and further determining the impact and rock burst tendency corresponding to the preferred test piece.
And 505, selecting an optimal preparation scheme matched with the impact and rockburst tendency types of the actual engineering to prepare the rock mass test piece for an impact and rockburst physical simulation experiment.
And step 506, according to the impact and rockburst characteristics fed back by the impact and rockburst physical simulation experiment, combining the impact and rockburst characteristics in actual engineering, feeding back and optimizing the preparation scheme to obtain a target preparation scheme.
The embodiment of the application provides a rock mass simulation method for impact and rockburst tendentiousness, which comprises the following steps: primary screening, preparing an initial test piece according to the proportion in the initial preparation scheme, carrying out a uniaxial compression test and a Brazilian split test on the initial test piece, and obtaining a stress release phenomenon, a stress release rate and a primary selection impact index R corresponding to the initial test piece 0 And according to the stress release phenomenon, the stress release rate and the initial selection impact index R corresponding to each initial test piece 0 And determining a candidate preparation scheme. Optimizing and screening, determining an optimized proportioning range according to the candidate preparation scheme, determining an optimized preparation scheme according to the optimized proportioning range, preparing an optimized test piece according to the optimized preparation scheme, and performing a cyclic loading and unloading test on the optimized test pieceObtaining the impact energy index R corresponding to the preferable test piece e Rockburst strength index R s And rockburst intensity index R i And according to the impact energy index R corresponding to each preferable test piece e Rockburst strength index R s And rockburst intensity index R i And determining a preferred preparation scheme and corresponding impact and rockburst tendencies. And (4) target screening, namely determining an optimal preparation scheme consistent with the impact and rockburst tendentiousness of the actual engineering as a target preparation scheme according to the impact and rockburst tendentiousness of the actual engineering, so that technicians can prepare rock mass test pieces according to the target preparation scheme to perform physical simulation experiments. According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application, the preparation material proportion of the simulated rock mass meeting the actual impact and rock burst characteristics is screened out according to the impact and rock burst tendencies, the problems that the impact and rock burst phenomena in the actual engineering are difficult to reproduce in the physical simulation test process and the like can be solved, and guidance is provided for the preparation and the test of the impact and rock burst simulated rock mass in the physical simulation test.
It should be understood that, although the steps in the flowcharts of fig. 1 to 5 are shown in sequence as indicated by the arrows, the steps are not necessarily performed in sequence as indicated by the arrows. The steps are not performed in the exact order shown and described, and may be performed in other orders, unless explicitly stated otherwise. Moreover, at least a portion of the steps in fig. 1 to 5 may include multiple steps or multiple stages, which are not necessarily performed at the same time, but may be performed at different times, and the order of performing the steps or stages is not necessarily sequential, but may be performed alternately or alternately with other steps or at least a portion of the steps or stages in other steps.
It is understood that the same/similar parts among the various embodiments of the method described above in this specification can be referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments, and where relevant, reference may be made to the description of the other method embodiments.
For the specific definition of the device for preparing and testing the impact and rock burst simulated rock mass, reference may be made to the above definition of the method for simulating the impact and rock burst prone rock mass, and details are not repeated here. All modules in the device for preparing and testing the impact and rock burst simulation rock mass can be completely or partially realized through software, hardware and combination thereof. The modules can be embedded in a hardware form or independent from a processor in the computer device, and can also be stored in a memory in the computer device in a software form, so that the processor can call and execute operations corresponding to the modules.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all or part of the processes of the methods of the embodiments described above can be implemented by hardware instructions of a computer program, which can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, can include the processes of the embodiments of the methods described above. Any reference to memory, storage, database or other medium used in the embodiments provided herein can include non-volatile and/or volatile memory. Non-volatile memory can include read-only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically Programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically Erasable Programmable ROM (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory can include Random Access Memory (RAM) or external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM is available in a variety of forms such as Static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double Data Rate SDRAM (DDRSDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), synchronous Link DRAM (SLDRAM), rambus (Rambus) direct RAM (RDRAM), direct memory bus dynamic RAM (DRDRAM), and memory bus dynamic RAM (RDRAM).
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrases "comprising one of 8230; \8230;" 8230; "does not exclude the presence of additional like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
It should be further noted that the user information (including but not limited to user device information, user personal information, etc.) and data (including but not limited to data for presentation, analyzed data, etc.) referred to in the present application are information and data authorized by the user or sufficiently authorized by each party.
All the embodiments in the present specification are described in a related manner, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments may be referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments. In particular, for the system embodiment, since it is substantially similar to the method embodiment, the description is simple, and for the relevant points, reference may be made to the partial description of the method embodiment.
All possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments may not be described for the sake of brevity, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present disclosure as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present application, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, which falls within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims (7)

1. A rock mass simulation method for impact and rock burst tendencies is characterized by comprising the following steps:
primary screening, preparing an initial test piece according to the proportion in the initial preparation scheme, carrying out a uniaxial compression test and a Brazilian split test on the initial test piece, and obtaining a stress release phenomenon, a stress release rate and a primary selection impact index R corresponding to the initial test piece 0 And according to the stress release phenomenon, the stress release rate and the initial selection impact index R corresponding to each initial test piece 0 Determining a candidate preparation scheme and an optimized proportioning range;
optimizing and screening, determining an optimal preparation scheme according to the candidate preparation scheme and the optimal proportioning range, preparing an optimal test piece according to the optimal preparation scheme, performing a cyclic loading and unloading test on the optimal test piece, and obtaining an impact energy index R corresponding to the optimal test piece e Rockburst strength index R s And rockburst intensity index R i And according to the impact energy index R corresponding to each preferable test piece e Rockburst strength index R s And rockburst intensity index R i Determining an optimal preparation scheme and corresponding impact and rockburst tendencies;
the method comprises the following steps of target screening, namely determining a preparation scheme to be selected according to the impact and rock burst tendency of actual engineering by combining with a preferred preparation scheme, preparing a target preferred test piece according to the preparation scheme to be selected, carrying out a physical simulation test on the target preferred test piece, and determining the preparation scheme to be selected consistent with the impact and rock burst characteristics of the actual engineering as a target preparation scheme so that a technician can prepare a rock mass test piece according to the target preparation scheme to carry out a physical simulation test; stress release phenomenon, stress release rate and initial selection impact index R corresponding to each initial test piece 0 Determining a candidate preparation protocol comprising:
if the stress release phenomenon corresponding to the initial test piece comprises any preset stress release phenomenon; or,
the stress release rate is greater than a preset stress release rate threshold; or,
the initial selection impact index R 0 If the impact index is larger than a preset impact index threshold value, the initial state is setDetermining an initial preparation scheme corresponding to the test piece as the candidate preparation scheme;
performing a cyclic loading and unloading test on the preferred test piece to obtain an impact energy index R corresponding to the preferred test piece e Rockburst strength index R s And rockburst intensity index R i And according to the impact energy index R corresponding to each preferable test piece e Rockburst strength index R s And rockburst intensity index R i Determining a preferred preparation scheme and corresponding impact and rockburst tendencies, comprising:
performing the cyclic loading and unloading test on the preferred test piece to obtain a second full stress strain curve and the mass m of particles generated by the preferred test piece in the loading process pi Particle ejection distance D pi And velocity v of particle ejection i ；
Determining the impact energy index R corresponding to the preferred test piece according to the second full stress-strain curve e ；
According to the particle mass m of each of the particles pi Particle ejection distance D pi And the mass M of the preferred test piece, and determining the rock burst strength index R corresponding to the preferred test piece s ；
The particle ejection velocity v of each of the particles i The maximum value in the test pieces is determined as the corresponding rockburst intensity index R of the preferable test piece i ；
At a pre-stored impact energy index R e Rockburst strength index R s And rockburst intensity index R i Inquiring the impact and rock burst tendency corresponding to the preferred test piece in the corresponding relation of the impact and rock burst tendency;
the method comprises the following steps of determining a preparation scheme to be selected according to the impact and rock burst tendency of actual engineering by combining an optimal preparation scheme, preparing a target optimal test piece according to the preparation scheme to be selected, carrying out a physical simulation test on the target optimal test piece, and determining the preparation scheme to be selected consistent with the impact and rock burst characteristics of the actual engineering as the target preparation scheme, wherein the preparation scheme comprises the following steps:
determining an optimal preparation scheme consistent with the actual engineering impact and rock burst tendency as a preparation scheme to be selected according to the impact and rock burst tendency of the actual engineering;
preparing the rock mass test piece according to the preparation scheme to be selected, and carrying out a physical simulation test on the rock mass test piece to obtain the impact and rock burst characteristics of the rock mass test piece, wherein the impact and rock burst characteristics comprise one or more of impact and rock burst occurrence positions, impact and rock burst strength and impact and rock burst phenomena;
if the impact and rock burst characteristics of the rock mass test piece are consistent with those of the actual engineering, determining a preparation scheme to be selected corresponding to the rock mass test piece as a target preparation scheme;
prior to the primary screening, the method further comprises:
according to the method, the same aggregate is used as a series, the same cementing agent is determined as a same group in each series, and the proportioning content is adjusted by combining an orthogonal test to determine an initial preparation scheme;
stress release phenomenon, stress release rate and initial selection impact index R corresponding to each initial test piece 0 And determining an optimal proportioning range, which comprises the following steps:
stress release phenomenon, stress release rate and initial selection impact index R of initial test piece combined with other orthogonal test schemes in same series of same group test schemes 0 Determining the upper limit and the lower limit of the content of each preparation material, and determining the upper limit and the lower limit as the optimized proportioning range.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the initial test piece is subjected to a uniaxial compression test and a Brazilian split test, and the stress release phenomenon, the stress release rate and the initial selection impact index R corresponding to the initial test piece are obtained 0 The method comprises the following steps:
performing the uniaxial compression test on the initial test piece to obtain a first full stress-strain curve, uniaxial compressive strength and stress release phenomena corresponding to the initial test piece, wherein the stress release phenomena comprise one or more of granular ejection, block ejection and plate folding and peeling;
performing the Brazilian split test on the initial test piece to obtain the uniaxial tensile strength corresponding to the initial test piece;
determining the maximum slope variation of the softening stage in the first full stress-strain curve as the stress release rate corresponding to the initial test piece;
determining a primary selection impact index R corresponding to the initial test piece according to the first full stress-strain curve, the uniaxial compressive strength and the uniaxial tensile strength 0 。
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the initial selection impact index R corresponding to the initial test piece is determined according to the first full stress-strain curve, the uniaxial compressive strength and the uniaxial tensile strength 0 The formula of (1) is:
R 0 =σ c ε a S a /(σ t ε b S b )；
wherein R is 0 For preliminary selection of impact index, σ c Is uniaxial compressive strength, sigma t Is uniaxial tensile strength,. Epsilon a Is the pre-peak strain value, ε, in the first full stress strain curve b Is the peak post-strain value, S, in the first full stress strain curve a Is the total area before the peak, S, in the first full stress strain curve b Is the total area after the peak in the first full stress strain curve.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein determining a preferred preparation based on the optimal proportioning range comprises:
within the optimized proportioning range, controlling variables according to the principle of an orthogonal test, carrying out refined distribution on the content of each preparation material, and determining a preparation scheme after refined distribution as an optimal preparation scheme.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the preferred test piece pair is determined from the second full stress-strain curveCorresponding impact energy index R e The formula of (1) is:
R e =(S a1 -S a2 +S b1 )/S b1 ；
wherein R is e Is an impact energy index, S a1 Is the area S enclosed by the curve before the peak stress in the second full stress strain curve a2 Is the area enclosed by the first loading curve and the last unloading curve in the second full stress strain curve, S b1 The area enclosed by the curve after the peak stress in the second full stress strain curve.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the particle mass m is determined for each of the particles pi Particle ejection distance D pi And the mass M of the preferred test piece, and determining the rock burst strength index R corresponding to the preferred test piece s The formula of (1) is:
Figure QLYQS_1
；
wherein R is s Is the rock burst strength index, M is the mass of the preferred test piece before the cyclic loading and unloading test, M is pi The mass of the particles of the i-th particle generated during the loading of the preferred test piece, n is the number of particles, k i Is the mass coefficient of the particle, k, of the ith particle 0 Is a set value, D pi The ejection distance of the ith particle, D 0 Is a preset particle ejection distance threshold.
7. The method of claim 4, wherein the preparation material comprises one or more of aggregate, cement, additives, and solvents.
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